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Additional file 2: Table S1. The mean concentrations of metal elements in dirty air and FA during exposure.

Longitudinal connected fissures in a shallowly buried coal face with thin bedrock are the main factor causing sand-burst accidents, water-burst accidents, and abnormal increases in water inflow. To understand the evolution of longitudinal connected fissures and propose method for controlling such fissures, 3-1 Coal of the Jinjie Coal Mine in Shendong Coal Group, China, was used as a case study. Physical simulation, numerical simulation, field measurements, and other measures were carried out to analyze thoroughly the opening and closure of fissures. At the same time, the stage characteristics of fissures evolution process are also obtained. The results indicate that when periodic weighting occurs, a longitudinal connected fissure starts to open. As the coal face moves on, the fissure expands gradually with the dynamic changes in horizontal force and rock dislocation; when the expansion reaches its limit, the key rock falls and the longitudinal connected fissure rapidly closes. With the advent of the next periodic weighting, the longitudinal connected fissure compacts further and the next longitudinal connected fissure appears. The formation of longitudinal connected fissures is described with reference to three factors: the advancement speed of the coal face, the holding power of the hydraulic support, and the filling degree of the goaf area, all of which can be easily controlled by engineering means. This study provides a basis for control of sand-burst accidents, water-burst accidents, and abnormal increase in water inflow in a shallow coal face with thin bedrock.

Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 1. Expression level of candidate A. oxyphylla unigenes coding for key enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis pathways.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Fig. 1. GO classification of assembled unigenes of A. oxyphylla. Supplementary Fig. 2. KOG classification of assembled unigenes of A. oxyphylla. Supplementary Fig. 3. KEGG functional classification of assembled unigenes of A. oxyphylla.

To identify the risk factors of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)–associated new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) treatment. We retrospectively screened patients treated with CNIs in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2018. The inclusion criteria were as follows: a clear diagnosis of CKD and patients receiving CNI treatment. We compared patients with and without CNI-associated NODM. Ninety-eight of the 336 assessed patients met the inclusion criteria, 15 (15.3% [15/98]) of whom developed CNI-associated NODM. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that baseline glycosylated hemoglobin (OR=4.141; 1.024–16.743; p=0.046) and CNI trough concentration (1 year) (OR=1.028; 1.009–1.047, p=0.004) were independent risk factors for NODM. In contrast, glucocorticoid type (prednisone) (OR=0.075; 0.011–0.526, p=0.009) was identified as an independent protective factor for NODM. Using a receiver operating characteristic curve, a cutoff cyclosporin A trough concentration of 102.1 ng/mL was identified as a predictive factor of NODM. Univariate logistic regression showed that the incidence of diabetes was significantly higher in patients with baseline glycosylated hemoglobin in non-diabetic range but higher than 5.65% (10.2% vs. 29.2%, p=0.038). One NODM patient (6.7% [1/15]) recovered at 12.7 months after the onset of diabetes mellitus. We recommend that more attention be paid to patients with baseline glycosylated hemoglobin in non-diabetic range but higher than 5.65% during CKD treatment with CNIs. High trough concentrations of cyclosporin A, particularly those >102.1 ng/mL, contribute to NODM. CNI-associated NODM may be reversible in the treatment of CKD.

PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the rate of incidence, location and the clinical value of the rotator cuff retear by analyzing MRI scans, which was taken after an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included a total of 109 patients, who underwent a shoulder MRI scan after an average of 10.6 months later from the arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. We only defined the 'retear' when the Sugaya type IV and V was observed in the sagittal section of the MRI. The location of the retear was divided into the medial and lateral areas by the site, which was 1 cm medial to the anchor insertion.We investigated the incidence rate and the location of the retear, in terms of the age, sex, initial tear size and the suture method. Also, we compared the functional score of the retear group and the non-retear group, after an average of 13.9 months follow-up.RESULTS: There were 38 of the 109 patients that showed the rotator cuff retear. Of these patients, 25 were male patients, and 13 were female patients. Of the 38 patients with the rotator cuff retear, 21 patients were included in the or =3 cm retear group. At the end of the follow up period, all 109 patients showed a statistical significant improvement in the shoulder functional score.CONCLUSION: According to the follow up of the MRI scan, which was taken after the rotator cuff repair, the retear rate reached 34.9 %, and there were no significant differences on the age and the suture method. More rotator cuff retear occurred in male patients, and the initial tear size was positively correlated with the incidence rate of the rotator cuff retear. Also, the retear was more frequently observed at the medial side. That is because when the suture was performed, excessive tension was loaded on the medial side of the suture site.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of growth hormone (GH) on muscles during limb lengthening. Methods: Sixty rats underwent tibial lengthening of approximately 30% after a latency period of 4 days, a distraction period of 30 days with a rate of 0.25 mm twice per day, and a consolidation period of 27 days. Recombinant GH was administered to 30 rats (100 g/kg/d) and the same dose of normal saline to the remaining 30 rats, between operation and sacrifice. Histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and electrophysiological studies were performed on the tibialis anterior to compare the muscle responses of GH-treated lengthened limbs, GH-treated nonlengthened limbs, saline-treated lengthened limbs, and saline-treated nonlengthened limbs at postoperative days 34 and 61. Results: Histologic injury scores were worst in the saline-treated lengthened limbs, where vimentin expression was also highest. Cell proliferation, determined by proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining, was highest in the GH-treated lengthened limbs, where desmin expression was also highest. Electrophysiological methods that showed better muscle function was retained in the GH-treated lengthened limbs than in the saline-treated lengthened limbs. Conclusion: Our results suggest that GH can reduce muscle damage during limb lengthening by enhancing myogenesis and decreasing fibrogenesis.

In the paper, the researches on the administration scope, the leadership style of the village party branch, the core status of village party branch and the autonomy of villagers’ committee are expounded. On the basis of the empirical investigation of countryside in Sichuan Province, the offside and vacancy of the administration of the “two committees in village†in the villagers’ autonomy are studied tentatively. The results show that the offside and vacancy of the “two committees in village†can be divided into three types, covering the village party branch- dominated, the villagers’ committee- dominated type and the antagonism of the two village committees. The reasons for the offside and vacancy of administration of the “two committees in village†are analyzed, including the fragility of the two committees of the village; the imbalanced power sources of the two committees of the village; the imbalance of the competition for interests of the two committees and the negative effects of traditional politics and culture. The countermeasures are put forward, for example, reinforcing the system construction of rural grassroots organizations; expanding the democratic election modes such as “two-vote system †and “selecting one from the two recommended†; establishing the coordinative and supervisory mechanisms between the two committees in the village and introducing into college-graduate village officials to improve the quality of rural cadres.