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Additional file 5: Figure 1. Tissue remodeling and extracellular matrix deposition in the explanted graft at 3 months as compared to native aorta. Cross-sectional images of native vessel and regenerated grafts (top row and bottom row respectively) were immunostained to examine the endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and myosin heavy chain. Endothelial cells were stained with vWF antibody (1st column; green and Dapi stained blue). Smooth muscle cells were stained with α–smooth muscle antibody. Figure 2. H&E staining of PCL/PDO graft at 12 weeks indicating remnants of PCL/PDO in the neo-vessel- yellow dotted arrow (51 μm). scale bar = 100 μm. Figure 3. Longitudinal section of collagen stained PCL/PDO graft explant at 12 weeks stained. a) Collagen I & III staining was counterstained with Dapi-merge. b) Collagen I&III staining alone. White dotted line indicates anastomosis site. Figure 4. (a) Fabrication process of graft. (b&c) Morphology of the luminal and outer surface of the scaffold respectively. (d) Pore area measurement using image. J (p = 0.0001). (e) In vitro cumulative drug release of dipyridamole from nanofibers containing various concentrations of drug (PCL/PDO + 5%DY, PCL/PDO + 7%DY, and PCL/PDO + 10%DY). The insert shows a higher magnification view of the area indicated with a red dotted circle.

Two diallelic markers at candidate gene loci, the prolactin receptor 3 (PRLR3) gene and the retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) gene were evaluated for their association with growth and litter size traits in Berkshire. Genetic evaluation was conducted for 5,919 pigs with pedigree information, which included 3,480 growth performance records and 775 litter size records of 224 sows. From the same herd, genotyping was carried out on 144 and 156 animals for PRLR3 and RBP4, respectively. After assigning a genotype to subjects in which both parents had a homozygous genotype, numbers of genotyped animals increased to 474 and 338, for the PRLR3 gene and RBP4 gene, respectively. The genotype effects of two markers were estimated with breeding values of the genotyped animals. The additive effects of total number of piglets born and number of piglets born alive in the PRLR3 locus were -0.28 and -0.13, respectively. The dominance effect of the RBP4 locus on average daily gain was -10.58 g. However, the polymorphism of the RBP4 locus in total number of piglets born and number of piglets born alive has shown -0.34 and -0.33 of the additive genetic effects. In view of the results, MAS (marker-assisted selection) favoring B alleles of RBP4 and PRLR3 loci could potentially accelerate the rate of the genetic improvement in the litter size traits.

This study was conducted to identify useful single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and determine their association with economically important traits in pig population. Four candidate gene analyses have identified important chromosomal regions and major genes associcated whit economic traits of the pig. For application of the chromosomal information to the pig industry using DNA technology, SNP markers were developed by comparative re-sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of 4 candidate genes (CSF2, IL4, MYOD, RIP140). PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assays were developed for these 4 SNPs and used to genotype Berkshire pig populations in Korea.