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1. In-Depth Characterization of Full-Length Archived Viral Genomes after Nine Years of Posttreatment HIV Control

Author

Pauline Trémeaux, Frédéric Lemoine, Adeline Mélard, Marine Gousset, Faroudy Boufassa, Sylvie Orr, Valérie Monceaux, Olivier Gascuel, Olivier Lambotte, Laurent Hocqueloux, Asier Saez-Cirion, Christine Rouzioux, Véronique Avettand-Fenoel, Firouzé Bani-Sadr, Maxime Hentzien, Jean-Luc Berger, Isabelle Kmiec, Gilles Pichancourt, Safa Nasri, Gilles Hittinger, Véronique Lambry, Anne-Cécile Beaudrey, Gilles Pialoux, Julie Chas, Christia Palacios, Anne Adda, Jean Paul Viard, Marie-Josée Dulucq, Laurence Weiss, Marina Karmochkine, Mohamed Meghadecha, Dominique Salmon-Ceron, Marie-Pierre Piétri, Philippe Blanche, Jean-Michel Molina, Olivier Taulera, Diane Ponscarme, Jeannine Delgado Bertaut, Djamila Makhloufi, Matthieu Godinot, Valérie Artizzu, Patrick Miailhes, Laurent Cotte, Sophie Pailhes, Anne Conrad, Ludovic Karkowski, Stanislas Ogoudjobi, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Sophie Matheron, Cindy Godard, Louis Bernard, Frédéric Bastides, Olivier Bourgault, Christine Jacomet, Emilie Goncalves, Pascal Chavanet, Lionel Piroth, Sandrine Gohier, Agnès Meybeck, Thomas Huleux, Pauline Cornavin, Yasmine Debab, David Théron, Thierry Prazuck, Barbara De Dieuleveult, Jean-Pierre Faller, Patricia Eglinger, Pascal Roblot, David Plainchamp, Hugues Aumaître, Martine Malet, Christine Rouger, Gérard Rémy, Melle Kmiec Isabelle, Jean-Luc Delassus, Alain Devidas, Eric Froguel, Sylvie Tassi, Philippe Genet, Juliette Gerbe, Olivier Patey, Richier Laurent, Marie-Christine Drobacheff, Aurélie Proust, Helder Gil, Laurence Gérard, Eric Oksenhendler, Caroline Lascoux, Sylvie Parlier, Frédéric Lucht, Véronique Ronat, Michel Dupon, Hervé Dutronc, Séverine Le Puil, Didier Neau, Patrick Mercié, Philippe Morlat, Sabrina Caldato, Jean-Luc Schmit, Nathalie Decaux, Jean-Pierre Bru, Gaëlle Clavere, Jean-François Delfraissy, Cécile Goujard, Katia Bourdic, Daniel Vittecoq, Claudine Bolliot, Thierry Lambert, Jean-François Bergmann, Maguy Parrinello, Yves Welker, Alain Lafeuillade, Gisèle Philip, Christophe Rapp, Melle Lerondel, Pierre de Truchis, Berthe Huguette, Vincent Jeantils, Fatouma Mchangama, Paul Henri Consigny, Fatima Touam, Sophie le Nagat, Olivier Bouchaud, Patricia Honoré, François Boué, Mariem Raho-Moussa, Jean-Paul Viard, Agnès Cros, Dominique Salmon-Céron, Marie-Pierre Pietri, Lio Collias, David Zucman, Olivier Blétry, Dominique Bornarel, Emmanuel Mortier, Zeng Feng, Jean-Daniel Lelièvre, Christine Katlama, Yasmine Dudoit, Anne Simon, Catherine Lupin, Pierre-Marie Girard, Michèle Pauchard, Sylvie Abel, André Cabié, Pascale Fialaire, Jean-Marie Chennebault, Sami Rehaiem, Luc de Saint Martin, •••• Perfezou, Jean-Charles Duthe, Pierre Weinbreck, Claire Genet, Florence Garnier, Isabelle Poizot-Martin, Olivia Fauche, Alena Ivanova, Patrick Philibert, Mame Penda Sow, Patrick Yeni, Cyndi Godard, François Raffi, Hervé Hüe, Philippe Perré, Pierre Marie Roger, Aline Joulie, Éric Rosenthal, Christian Michelet, Faouzi Souala, Maja Ratajczak, Marialuisa Partisani, Patricia Fischer, Pascale Nau, Pierre Delobel, Florence Balsarin, Marc De Lavaissiere, Renaud Verdon, Philippe Feret, Pascale Leclercq, •••• Gerberon, Agnés Meybeck, Raphaël Biekre, Thierry May, •••• Bouillon, François Caron, David Theron, Marc Gatfosse, Martin Martinot, Anne Pachart, Patrice Poubeau, Catherine Gaud, Agnès Uludag, Philippe Arsac, Lydia Bouaraba, Barbara de Dieulevault, Isabelle De Lacroix Szmania, Laurent Richier, Vincent Daneluzzi, Elisabeth Rouveix, Geneviève Beck-Wirth, Philippe Romand, Laurent Blum, Martine Deschaud, Christophe Michau, Christian Bernard, Florence Salaun, Philippe Muller, Yves Poinsignon, Annie Lepretre, Albert Sotto, •••• Doncesco, Pascale Perfezou, Jean Charles Duthe, Mathilde Aurore Niault, Virginie Mouton-Rioux, Jean-Philippe Talarmin, Jean Charles Duthé, Mathilde Dupont, Stéphane Natur, Hikombo Hitoto, and Ali Mahamadou Ibrahim

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, General Immunology and Microbiology, Ecology, Physiology, Genetics, Cell Biology
Abstract

Most people living with HIV need antiretroviral therapy to control their infection and experience viral relapse in case of treatment interruption, because of viral reservoir (proviruses) persistence. Knowing that proviruses are very diverse and most of them are defective in treated individuals, we aimed to characterize the HIV blood reservoirs of posttreatment controllers (PTCs), rare models of drug-free remission, in comparison with spontaneous controllers and treated individuals.

Published
2023
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2. Assessment of drug–drug interaction in an elderly human immunodeficiency virus population: Comparison of 3 expert databases

Author

Solène Secher, Sophie Leautez, Pascale Fialaire, Caroline Joyau, Eric Billaud, Marie Briet, Pascale Jolliet, Clotilde Allavena, Christophe Michau, Anne-Lise Ruellan, Delphine Bourneau-Martin, Hikombo Hitoto, Rémi Vatan, and François Raffi

Subjects
Population comparison, Drug-drug interaction, Population, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, computer.software_genre, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Pharmacovigilance, medicine, Humans, Drug Interactions, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Contraindication, Aged, Pharmacology, Polypharmacy, education.field_of_study, Database, business.industry, HIV, virus diseases, medicine.disease, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Pharmaceutical Preparations, business, computer
Abstract

AIMS Polypharmacy increase the risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in the elderly population living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Several expert databases can be used to evaluate DDIs. The aim of the study was to describe actual DDIs between antiretroviral drugs and comedications in an elderly population and to compare grading of the DDIs in 3 databases. METHODS All treatments of HIV-infected subjects aged 65 years and older were collected in 6 French HIV centres. Summary of Product Characteristic (SPC), French DDI Thesaurus (THES), and Liverpool HIV DDI website (LIV) were used to define each DDI and specific grade. DDIs were classified in yellow flag interaction (undefined grade in SPC and THES or potential weak interaction in LIV), amber flag interaction (to be considered/precaution of use in SPC and THES and potential interaction in LIV) and red flag interaction (not recommended/contraindication in SPC and THES and do not administer/contraindication in LIV). RESULTS Among 239 subjects included, 60 (25.1%) had at least 1 DDI for a total of 126 DDIs: 23/126 red flag DDIs were identified in 17 patients. All these 23 DDIs were identified in LIV. THES and SPC missed 6 and 1 red flag DDIs, respectively. Seven of 23 red flag DDIs were identified in the 3 databases concomitantly. CONCLUSION Polypharmacy is frequent in this elderly HIV population leading to DDI in a quarter of the subjects. The discrepancies between databases can be explained by differences in analysis methods. A consensus between databases would be helpful for clinicians.

Published
2020
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3. Measles seroprevalence in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults born in the era of measles vaccination

Author

Maeva, Lefebvre, Solène, Secher, Sabelline, Bouchez, Yves-Marie, Vandamme, Pascale, Fialaire, Sophie, Leautez, Sophie, Blanchi, Christophe, Michau, Marianne, Coste-Burel, Cécile, Brunet-Cartier, Véronique, Reliquet, Antoine, Gregoire, François, Raffi, and Clotilde, Allavena

Subjects
Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Measles Vaccine, Vaccination, HIV, Humans, Female, HIV Infections, Antibodies, Viral, Measles
Abstract

Widespread use of the measles vaccine should lead to the elimination of this disease. Here, we study the seroprevalence of measles in a cohort of adults living with HIV born after the introduction of measles vaccine in France and attempt to identify risk factors for the absence of serum measles antibody.In this multi-centre cross-sectional study, adult outpatients born after 1980 were screened for the presence of measles IgG antibody. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from the standardized electronic medical record system. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with the absence of measles antibodies.Between April 2019 and April 2020, 648 participants were enrolled. The median age was 33 years, 53.6% were born outside of France, and 74% were considered as socially deprived. Plasma HIV RNA was undetectable in 86% of patients. Among 603 evaluable patients, measles serology was positive in 87.2%. Only 81.8% of the patients with documented vaccination tested positive for measles IgG. Younger age was significantly associated with the absence of measles serum antibodies ( P = 0.004 for each 10-year lower), as was birth in France ( P 0.001) and absence of social vulnerability ( P = 0.04).The current study revealed a low seroprevalence of measles compared with that previously reported in France 6 years earlier and to the expected rate to achieve herd immunity. Checking vaccination record should be systematically carried out in patients living with HIV to fill the immunity gaps.

Published
2022

4. Enhanced immunovirological response in women compared to men after antiretroviral therapy initiation during acute and early HIV‐1 infection: results from a longitudinal study in the French ANRS Primo cohort

Author

Laurence Weiss, Cécile Goujard, Olivier Bouchaud, André Cabié, Pierre Delobel, Sophie Novelli, Pilartxo Catalan, Véronique Avettand-Fenoel, François Raffi, Pascale Fialaire, Faouzi Souala, Laurence Meyer, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales, ANRS Université Paris-Saclay, This work was supported by the ANRS and a doctoral grant from the Paris-Saclay University to SN. We thank all the patients and physicians who participated in the ANRS PRIMO cohort (see the Appendix S1). This work was supported by the ANRS and a doctoral grant from the Paris-Saclay University to SN., and This work was supported by the ANRS and a doctoral grant from the Paris‐Saclay University to SN.

Subjects
Adult, Male, viral reservoir, Longitudinal study, medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents, CD4:CD8 ratio, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), CD4-CD8 Ratio, medicine.disease_cause, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, 0302 clinical medicine, women’s health, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Research Articles, 030505 public health, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, CD4 lymphocyte count, Viral Load, Antiretroviral therapy, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Cohort, HIV-1, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, treatment outcome, Female, 0305 other medical science, business, Viral load, Research Article, HIV infections
Abstract

International audience; Introduction: Previous studies have reported better immunovirological characteristics in women compared with men after HIV seroconversion. We investigated whether differences persisted under long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) in individuals treated since acute and early HIV-1 infection (AHI). Methods: Data were obtained for 262 women and 1783 men enrolled between 1996 and 2017 in the French multicentre ANRS PRIMO cohort. We modelled the viral response, long-term immune recovery and HIV DNA decay in the 143 women and 1126 men who initiated ART within the first three months of infection. Results: The participants were mostly white. The mean age was 37 years at AHI diagnosis. Pre-ART viral loads were lower in women than men, 5.2 and 5.6 log10 copies/mL (p = 0.001). After ART initiation, women more rapidly achieved viral suppression than men (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.69). They also experienced a faster increase in CD4+ T-cell count and CD4:CD8 ratio during the first months of treatment. Sex-related differences in CD4+ T-cell counts were more pronounced with increasing age. This led to a sustained mean difference of 99 to 168 CD4+ T-cells/µL depending on age between women and men at 150 months of ART. Moreover, CD4:CD8 ratio of women was higher than that of men by 0.31, at 150 months of ART. There was no statistically significant difference between sexes for the levels of HIV DNA over time (mean estimate at the last modelling point: 1.9 log10 copies/106 PBMCs after 70 months of ART for both sexes). Conclusions: The high level of immune recovery and decrease in total HIV DNA levels achieved after ART initiation during AHI reinforce the importance of early diagnosis of HIV infection and immediate ART initiation. The immunological benefit of being female increased throughout prolonged ART duration, which may give women additional protection from adverse clinical events and premature ageing.

Published
2020
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5. Besoins et attentes des patients vivant avec le VIH dans la perspective de la mise en place d'un programme d'éducation thérapeutique

Author

Rébecca Lemonnier, Rémi Gagnayre, Serge Fanello, Cécile Brunet, Guillaume Bouzillé, and Pascale Fialaire

Subjects
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Abstract

Introduction : Le VIH fait partie des maladies chroniques pour lesquelles il serait interessant de connaitre les besoins et attentes des patients dans le domaine biomedical mais aussi dans leurs dimensions psychosociale, affective et professionnelle, afin de pouvoir mettre en place des programmes d’education therapeutique. Materiel et methode : Apres une premiere etape qualitative par entretien semi-directif permettant d’identifier des besoins educatifs, une deuxieme etape quantitative sous forme d’auto questionnaire a ete menee chez l’ensemble des patients venant en consultation aux CHU de Nantes et Angers. Resultats : Notre echantillon comportait 351 patients avec 73 % d’hommes et 27 % de femmes âges en moyenne de 45,7 ans (ecart-type = 11). Soixante-treize pour cent des patients declaraient parler avec leur medecin hospitalier et seulement 29 % avec les infirmieres. Les patients etaient a 83 % satisfaits de la disponibilite des professionnels de sante. Quatre-vingt-huit pour cent estimaient qu’on leur expliquait les decisions prises les concernant et 80 % qu’on leur demandait leur avis. Trente-et-un pour cent preferaient laisser les medecins decider. Parmi les 301 patients traites, 97 % estimaient etre capables de prendre correctement leur traitement, 56 % n’avaient jamais ressenti le besoin de faire une pause therapeutique et 48 % declaraient ne pas connaitre les complications du VIH. Soixante-huit pour cent des patients avaient peur du risque d’infection et en particulier les jeunes (p < 0,001). Les patients estimaient en majorite (63 % ; n = 190) avoir ete suffisamment informes sur l’existence d’une fatigue. Pour les autres effets indesirables (lipodystrophie, douleur, insomnie, modification de l’image corporelle), seule la moitie des patients estimait avoir ete suffisamment informe. Sur le plan affectif, 79 % des patients avaient quelqu’un a qui parler en cas de probleme et estimaient pouvoir trouver du soutien aupres de leurs proches. La moitie des patients se sentait isolee et 19 % discrimines (74 % des discriminations concernait les demandes de credits). Trois quarts des patients ne souhaitaient pas s’exprimer au sujet de leurs difficultes financieres, de leurs problemes professionnels et de la mort de proches due au VIH. Enfin, les patients traites depuis plus de dix ans ressentaient un besoin plus fort de s’investir dans une association (p = 0,001). Conclusion : Cette enquete quantitative est riche d’enseignements en matiere de besoins et d’attentes en education therapeutique. Il est fondamental que parallelement a la mise en œuvre de programme d’ETP, un travail de promotion sociale de ces personnes soit realise.

Published
2013
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6. Increased risk of serious bacterial infections due to maternal immunosuppression in HIV-exposed uninfected infants in a European country

Author

Marie Medus, Vincent Gajdos, Laure Clech, Céline Goissen, Arnaud Chalvon Demersay, Virginie Zarouk, Louis Bernard, Pierre-François Ceccaldi, René-Charles Rudigoz, Patricia Murger, Philippe Le Moine, Catherine Chirouze, Mandovi Rajguru, Ludovic Cravello, Véronique Lefevre Elbert, Luminata Shneider, Guy Leverger, Tessa Goetghebuer, Kamila Kebaili, Eliane Galiba, Claudine Touboul, Françoise Meier, Didier Tardif, Dieudoné Ekoukou, Michèle Granier, Ahmed Zakaria, Corinne Cudeville, Laurence Benoist, Emilie Piet, Emmanuelle Vintejoux, Yves Hatchuel, Christophe Michau, Jean-Luc Schmidt, Michel Françoise, Claire Briandet, Stéphane Blanche, Philippe Bailly-Salin, Anne Vanderbergh, Jeanne Sibiude, Christiane Kommé, Benoît Martha, Camille Runel-Belliard, Claire Pluchart, Imad Nahri, Vincent Jeantils, François Hervé, Isabelle Hau, Agnès Lefort, Dominique Ayral, Delphine Peretti, Stéphanie Proust, Marie Belloy, Christine Rouzioux, Arnaud Boutet, Philippe Van de Perre, Elisabeth Broustal, Cécile Hafner Mauvais, Thierry Pistone, Marie-Dominique Tabone, Hélène Dauphin, Laurent Cotte, Clement Taron-Brocard, Jean-Marie Lang, Christine Boissinot, Antoine Doumet, André Bongain, Narcisse Elenga, Geneviève Mouchnino, Anne Boutemy, Christine Cheneau, Pascale Perfezou, Pierre Frange, Mathilde Niault, Christelle Dupre, Anne Chacé, Jean-Paul Teglas, Corinne Daniel, Sophie Matheron, Severine Ansart, Martine Levine, Fabienne Caby, Marc Duval-Arnould, Isabelle Metheron, Kareen Billiemaz, Albert Faye, Didier Armangaud, Yamina Hammou, Neila Elaoun, Anne Deville, Philippe Arsac, Lydie Sanchez, Odile Luycx Vaillant, Philippe Lumbroso, Marie-Gisèle Lebrette, Norbert Winer, Elise Maurel, Ramona Abrudan, Luc De Saint Martin, Françoise Jacquier, Christian Calvez, Fabrice Monpoux, Louis Mesnard, Marie-Aude Khuong-Josses, David Rey, Isabelle Belzic, Christine Allisy, Claire Genet, Hervé Seaume, Roland Tubiana, Jacques Reynes, Pascale Nau, Gilles Blondin, Eric Lachassine, Yves Poinsignon, Cédric Arvieux, Leila Karaoui, Anaïs Perilhou, Amélie Benbara, Marine Joras, Sophie Leautez-Nainville, Sophie Ducroix-Roubert, Raghad Moalim, Pascal Bolot, Jacques Gaillat, Olivier Bollengier Stragier, Alain Devidas, Muriel Lalande, Delphine Lemercier, Jean-Pierre Brossier, Emmanuelle Boutard, Isolde Pauly-Ravelly, Marie-Françoise Le Coz, Anne Grelier, Alain Alissa, Christiane De Gennes, Jean-Luc Delassus, Emmanuel Mortier, Faiza Ajana, Ghislaine Firtion, Alain Berrebi, Rose Nguyen, Sarah Ducrocq, Jean-Marc Chamouilli, Fabienne Mazy, Maïa Banigé, Khaled Mohamed, Natacha Entz-Werle, Jacques Brouard, Germaine Bachelard, Sandrine Delmas, Anne Constanty, Véronique Reliquet, Sophie Couderc, Florence Veber, Lahcene Allal, Catherine Crenn-Hebert, Blandine Muanza, Gaelle Pinto-Cardoso, Laurent Mandelbrot, Ama Johnson, Fabienne Messaoudi, Christian Burle, Josiane Warszawski, Bénédicte Carpentier, Dominique Brault, Suzanne Braig, Pascale Fialaire, Corinne Fourcade, Elisabeth Questiaux, Véronique Chambrin, Alain Lafeuillade, Véronique Hentgen, Yves Aubrard, Anne Borgne, Sandrine-Anne Martha, Evelyne Werner, Corinne Floch-Tudal, Agnès Bourgeois Moine, Corinne Routier, Jérôme Le Chenadec, Anne Coursol, Alain Fisher, Amélie Chabrol, Cécile Winter, Cécile Brunet-Cartier, Philippe Labrune, Claudine Cayla, Françoise Mazingue, Virginie Vitrat, Cyril Clavel, Michel Segondy, Ruxandra-Oana Calin, Lise Selleret, Pierre Weinbreck, Zaitoun Abdallah Moussa, Joël Gaudelus, Gaetane Mousset, Thomas Guimard, Agnès Villemant Uludag, Emmanuelle Pannier, Brigitte Clavier, Nicole Ciraru-Vigneron, Alain Checoury, Christophe Elleau, Manuela Bonmarchand, Catherine Dollfus, Joëlle Dendale-Nguyen, Adrien May, Pierre Chevojon, Claire Hubert, Constance Borie, Marialuisa Partisani, Elie Azria, Edouard Vaucel, Erianna Bellaton Marouts, Philippe Moreau, Jean-Luc Esnault, Mahfoud Rouha, Mary-France Courcoux, Brigitte Heller-Roussin, Gilles Hittinger, Christine Rouger, Lanto Ratsimbazafy, Jean-Marc Labaune, Mohamed Abdelhadi, Brigitte Elharrar, Joëlle Tricoire, Eric David, Hassan Safwan, Karine Guimard, Bruno Carbonne, Muriel Barat, Marion Dehlinger-Paul, Stéphane Bounan, Myriam Costa, Estelle Bauville, Didier Pinquier, Valérie Garrait, Etienne Dienga, Odile Launay, Zoha Maakroun, and Dominique Salmon Ceron

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, medicine.disease_cause, Infant, Newborn, Diseases, Pregnancy, medicine, Humans, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Risk of infection, Hazard ratio, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Immunosuppression, Bacterial Infections, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Cohort, Female, France, business, Immunosuppressive Agents
Abstract

BACKGROUND Morbidity and mortality are higher among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposed but uninfected (HEU) infants than unexposed infants, particularly if the mother had a low CD4 count. We investigated the possible association between maternal immune depression during pregnancy and the risk of infection in HEU infants in the national French Perinatal Cohort (EPF). METHODS All neonates, born alive, to HIV-1-infected women enrolled in the EPF between 2002 and 2010 were included. The primary outcome was the first serious (hospitalization or death) infection during the first year of life. The main exposure variable was maternal CD4 cell count near delivery. The Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox models were applied, with the different types of infections managed as competing events. RESULTS Among 7638 HEU neonates, 699 had at least 1 serious infection (of which 159 were bacterial) with a Kaplan-Meier probability of 9.3% (95% confidence interval, 8.7-10.0) at 1 year. The risk of serious bacterial infection during the first year of life significantly increased with lower maternal CD4 cell count, before and after adjustment for maternal CD4 cell count

Published
2014

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