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This paper discusses the development of an educational historical game, called The Migrants’ Chronicles: 1892and suggests a series of best practices for a collaborative co-design process to balance engagement and playability with historical authenticity.in the development of historical games.

Fear and anxiety are the most frequently studied emotional states in chemosignal research. Despite differences between these two emotional states, findings from research using fear and anxiety body odors (BOs) are often treated as part of a similar phenomenon. In this article, we examine possible similarities and differences between participants exposed to fear and anxiety BOs on 2 dependent variables commonly used in chemosignals’ research: (1) the activation of facial muscles in displays of fear expressions (i.e. the medial frontalis and the corrugator supercilii); and (2) the time required to discriminate between negative emotional expressions (fear, anger, and disgust) and neutral ones. Our results show that fear (vs. rest) and anxiety (vs. exercise) BOs activate the medial frontalis, suggesting that both have a similar impact on receivers’ facial muscles. However, we could not replicate previous findings regarding the influence of fear BOs in discriminating negative emotional faces from neutral ones. Two additional replication attempts failed to replicate the earlier results, indicating that the results reported in the literature with this specific paradigm should be interpreted cautiously. Suggestions for future research examining possible differences between fear and anxiety BOs are advanced.

OBJECTIVE Having a child diagnosed with cancer is distressing for parents. We aimed to compare worries and anxiety in parents of adult childhood cancer survivors with parents of the Swiss general population (GP-parents), and to evaluate characteristics associated with worry in parents of survivors. METHODS We conducted a nationwide, population-based study in parents of survivors (survivors aged ≥20 years at study, ≤16 years at diagnosis, >5 years post diagnosis) and GP-parents (≥1 child aged ≥20 years at study). We used the Worry and Anxiety Questionnaire (WAQ), and computed the WAQ total score (worries; possible range 0-80) and caseness for generalized anxiety disorder (anxiety), cognitive, somatic, and any criteria. We used multilevel, multivariable linear regression to identify characteristics associated with worries in parents of survivors. RESULTS We included 787 parents of 513 survivors (41.0% fathers) and 478 GP-parents (42.3% fathers). Parents of survivors and GP-parents did not differ regarding worries (16.6 vs. 17.1, p = .977), anxiety (2.7% vs. 3.6%, p = .536), cognitive (p = .440), and somatic criteria (p = .067). Less parents of survivors met any criteria (17.7% vs. 24.0%, p = .039). Half of parents reported current cancer-related worries. Higher cancer-related worries were reported by mothers (β = 4.1; 95% CI: 2.0-6.2), parents with one child (β = 5.9; 95% CI: 2.0-9.7), currently experiencing disadvantages because of their child's former disease (β = 7.3; 95% CI: 4.0-10.6), or with support needs (β = 9.0; 95% CI: 3.9-14.2; p = .001). CONCLUSIONS It is encouraging that most parents of adult survivors report similar worries and anxiety as GP-parents, but cancer-related worries are still prevalent. Efforts should be made to empower parents to seek psycho-social support if required.

Die 1930er-Jahre gelten als das populistische Jahrzehnt Hollywoods. Regisseure wie Frank Capra, Leo McCarey und John Ford entwerfen in ihren Werken Szenarien geglückter oder gescheiterter politischer Repräsentation, in denen sich demokratische Ideale mit politischer Theologie und amerikanischem Exzeptionalismus verbinden. Die Szenographie dieser Filme hat sich tief in das kulturelle Gedächtnis der USA eingeschrieben und prägt die politische Inszenierung von Repräsentation bis heute. Johannes Pause liest die damals entstandene Bildsprache als eine Typologie populistischer Repräsentation neu und nutzt sie als Folie, um aktuelle politische Tendenzen zu analysieren.

State-of-the-art individual-atom tweezer platforms so far rely on loading schemes based on spatially superimposing the tweezer array with a cloud of cold atoms created beforehand. Together with immanent atom loss, this dramatically limits the data rate as the application sequence has to be alternated with the time-consuming phases of magneto-optical trapping and laser cooling. We introduce a modular scheme built on an additional cold-atom reservoir and an array of buffer traps effectively decoupling cold-atom accumulation and single-atom supply from the quantum-register operation. For this purpose, we connect a microlens-based tweezer array to a cloud of laser-cooled atoms held in an auxiliary large-focus dipole trap by utilizing atom transport and buffer traps for dedicated single-atom supply. We demonstrate deterministic loading of a hexagonal target structure with atoms solely originating from the reservoir trap. The results facilitate increased data rates and unlock a path to continuous operation of individual-atom tweezer arrays in quantum science making use of discrete functional modules, operated in parallel and spatially separated.

Social anxiety and fear are often induced experimentally to collect the body odors released while experiencing these emotions (chemosignals). Numerous studies have examined the effects of these chemosignals independently. The measurements of the effects have ranged from psychophysiological, behavioral to cognitive consequences. We plan to examine the similarities and differences between these two chemosignals with different dependent variables (i.e., facial EMG, RT measures, categorization -negative vs. neutral). Social anxiety is a state experienced when somebody's identity is threatened, and one can lose face. Fear, on the other hand, is a state which arises when one's very existence is threatened. The question is how similar or different of the embodied and mental consequences of these chemosignals are. To this end, we plan to conduct an experiment in which participants will be exposed to different facial expressions of emotion as well as a neutral facial expression. As in Kamiloğlu et al. (2008), the participant's task, guided by speed-accuracy instructions, will be to discriminate between emotional and neutral expressions. At the same time, they will be exposed to four chemosignal conditions in a randomized order (fear, social anxiety, rest odor, and physical exercise odor). We shall collect the participants' facial EMG response (i.e., medial frontalis and corrugator supercilii), record their RTs and answers in deciding if the expression is one of emotion or not.

Anseraureola, Pondwater, and Yasuo are bacteriophages with siphovirus morphology that infect Microbacterium foliorum NRRL B-24224. They were isolated from soil collected in Amherst, Massachusetts, and have genome lengths between 17,362 bp and 17,453 bp. These phages each contain 25 predicted protein-coding genes and are assigned to phage cluster EE.

There is little information on the actual use of early synthetic organic pigments (SOPs) in art objects, especially those from before 1950. Their presence can, however, pose a challenge to conservation because their chemical composition, as well as their lightfastness and sensitivity to solvents, are often unknown. Here, a study on the non-invasive identification of SOPs in historic pre-1950 varnished paint-outs from artists’ materials manufacturer Royal Talens is presented. The paints were analysed using a handheld Raman device. Spectra were evaluated by recording the spectra of the same samples with a benchtop instrument. This study demonstrated that the identification of SOPs in varnished oil paints with a non-invasive approach is possible and rather straightforward. The handheld Raman device allowed us to identify fourteen SOPs from eight pigment classes. Besides the occurrence of expected and the known SOPs of this time period, there were also some surprising results, like the detection of the triarylcarbonium pigments PG2 and PB8, and the monoazo Mordant Yellow 1.

Background We previously demonstrated that APR-246 could be an efficient treatment option against neuroblastoma (NB), the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumor. APR-246’s mechanism of action is not completely understood and can differ between cell types. Here we investigate the involvement of well-known oncogenic pathways in NB’s response to APR-246. Methods A proteome profiler kinase assays and western blot analysis were used to identify the molecular pathways involved in the responses to APR-246. Bulk ATP levels were used to determine the viability of cells and the IC50 for APR-246. Cystine-FITC was used to measure the cellular uptake of cysteine. PmRNA5 was used to affect ERK1/2 and pshRNA1 was used to silence HSP27. An IMR-32 xenograft zebrafish embryo model was used to assess APR-246 and sulfasalazine efficacy in vivo. Results After APR-246 treatment, the most deregulated signaling protein identified was ERK1/2, an end-point kinase of the RAS-MAPK pathway. Induction of phospho-ERK1/2 resulted in increased glutathione (GSH) levels, increased cystine uptake and increased resistance of NB cells to APR-246. Using ERK1/2 inhibitors in combination with APR-246, we were able to categorize cells into synergistic and antagonistic groups. After co-treatment, these two groups differ by their levels of SLC7A11 and Hsp27 phosphorylation, cystine uptake and BIM expression. Using erastin and sulfasalazine, both inhibitors of SLC7A11 and activators of ferroptosis, we were able to reverse the antagonistic effects of ERK1/2 inhibitors and demonstrate a strong synergistic action in vitro and in vivo in zebrafish models. Conclusions These results demonstrated a pivotal role of the RAS-MAPK pathway in the NB cellular response to APR-246 via the modulation of intracellular concentrations of GSH and the transport of cystine, phosphorylation of Hsp27, and programed cell death. Combining APR-246 with RAS-MAPK pathway inhibitors can, in some cases, lead to antagonistic action, which can be reversed by combining APR-246 with the clinically approved drug sulfasalazine.

Testicular tissue cryopreservation is the only option of fertility preservation in prepubertal boys. While it is considered experimental, since procedures to obtain mature spermatozoa from prepubertal testicular tissue are still under development, testicular tissue cryopreservation programs have emerged worldwide. Our aim was to study the feasibility and safety of a program of testicular tissue cryopreservation in prepubertal and adolescent boys facing gonadotoxic treatment in three University hospitals in Switzerland. Testicular tissue cryopreservation was accepted by 90% of families, with a total of 35 patients included. The average patient age was 8.5 years (range 7 months to 18.5 years). Malignancies were the most common diagnosis (31 patients, 88.6%) with 16 (45.7%) solid tumors and 15 (42.9%) hematological malignancies. Four (11.4%) patients had a benign condition. The main indication for testicular tissue cryopreservation was conditioning for hematologic stem cell transplantation (25 patients, 71.4%). Testicular tissue was cryopreserved according to the freezing protocol of Louvain Catholic University (Belgium), which includes either only immature testicular tissue freezing, or mature and immature testicular tissue freezing depending on the age of the patient and the presence or absence of haploid cells. The median number of spermatogonia per tubule cross-section was 2 (range 0–6) and spermatozoa were found in only one patient. Tumoral cells were found in one testicular biopsy of a leukemic patient. There were two minor adverse events and none of them required medical treatment or surgical revision. Five patients died during follow-up. Our data demonstrate the feasibility and safety of a program of testicular tissue cryopreservation coordinated by a multidisciplinary team of fertility preservation. Despite the experimental aspect of the procedure, the acceptation rate was high, which highlights the willingness of families and patients to participate in testicular tissue cryopreservation.

Synopsis The biological sciences are inherently interdisciplinary and important advances in biology cannot be made without collaboration. Despite the increasing emphasis on interdisciplinarity in higher education, science courses only rarely extend to content outside of the STEM discipline. Classes are typically taught by one faculty member in one discipline. To demonstrate relevance while addressing genuine community needs, faculty can use service-learning in their courses. Service-learning is an experiential learning strategy where students learn course content and additional relevant skills through completing service with a community partner. Community needs are frequently beyond the scope of a single course or discipline. In order to better meet community needs, an interdisciplinary collaboration provides a more comprehensive experience that highlights the application and interconnection of course content. This article presents a generalisable model for successful interdisciplinary collaborations. While the nature of course scheduling, academic department structure, and faculty workload can be barriers to collaboration between faculty, they are not insurmountable and accomplishable within this framework. The benefits to the students and the community far outweigh navigating these challenges. Using an interdisciplinary approach in teaching will not only enrich course content and expand student learning in multiple areas, but also increase collaboration within the academy while better meeting community needs.

Increased macroautophagy/autophagy and lysosomal activity promote tumor growth, survival and chemo-resistance. During acute starvation, autophagy is rapidly engaged by AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) activation and MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) complex 1 (MTORC1) inhibition to maintain energy homeostasis and cell survival. TFEB (transcription factor E3) and TFE3 (transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3) are master transcriptional regulators of autophagy and lysosomal activity and their cytoplasm/nuclear shuttling is controlled by MTORC1-dependent multisite phosphorylation. However, it is not known whether and how the transcriptional activity of TFEB or TFE3 is regulated. We show that AMPK mediates phosphorylation of TFEB and TFE3 on three serine residues, leading to TFEB and TFE3 transcriptional activity upon nutrient starvation, FLCN (folliculin) depletion and pharmacological manipulation of MTORC1 or AMPK. Collectively, we show that MTORC1 specifically controls TFEB and TFE3 cytosolic retention, whereas AMPK is essential for TFEB and TFE3 transcriptional activity. This dual and opposing regulation of TFEB and TFE3 by MTORC1 and AMPK is reminiscent of the regulation of another critical regulator of autophagy, ULK1 (unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1). Surprisingly, we show that chemoresistance is mediated by AMPK-dependent activation of TFEB, which is abolished by pharmacological inhibition of AMPK or mutation of serine 466, 467 and 469 to alanine residues within TFEB. Altogether, we show that AMPK is a key regulator of TFEB and TFE3 transcriptional activity, and we validate AMPK as a promising target in cancer therapy to evade chemotherapeutic resistance. Abbreviations: ACACA: acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha; ACTB: actin beta; AICAR: 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; AMPKi: AMPK inhibitor, SBI-0206965; CA: constitutively active; CARM1: coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1; CFP: cyan fluorescent protein; CLEAR: coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation; DKO: double knock-out; DMEM: Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; DQ-BSA: self-quenched BODIPY® dye conjugates of bovine serum albumin; EBSS: Earle’s balanced salt solution; FLCN: folliculin; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GST: glutathione S-transferases; HD: Huntington disease; HTT: huntingtin; KO: knock-out; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblasts; MITF: melanocyte inducing transcription factor; MTORC1: MTOR complex 1; PolyQ: polyglutamine; RPS6: ribosomal protein S6; RT-qPCR: reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction; TCL: total cell lysates; TFE3: transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TKO: triple knock-out; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1.

Polymer coatings on cellulosic fibres are widely used to enhance the natural fibre properties by improving, for example, the hydrophobicity and wet strength. Here, we investigate the effects of a terpolymer P(S-co-MABP-co-PyMA) coating on cotton linters and eucalyptus fibres to improve the resistance of cellulose fibres against wetness. Coated and uncoated fibres were characterised by using scanning electron microscopy, contact angle measurements, Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy with the objective of correlating macroscopic properties such as the hydrophobicity of the fleece with microscopic properties such as the coating distribution and local nanomechanics. The scanning electron and fluorescence microscopy results revealed the distribution of the coating on the paper fleeces and fibres. Contact angle measurements proved the hydrophobic character of the coated fleece, which was also confirmed by Raman spectroscopy measurements that investigated the water uptake in single fibres. The water uptake also induced a change in the local mechanical properties, as measured by atomic force microscopy. These results verify the basic functionality of the hydrophobic coating on fibres and paper fleeces but call into question the homogeneity of the coating., Comment: 24 pages, 5 figures, submitted

The productive potential, apparent nitrogen conversion efficiency, nitrogen contained in the plant tissue, and apparent nitrogen recovery of Mombasa grass subjected to nitrogen fertilization (0, 100, 300, and 500 kg ha -1 ) and cutting heights were evaluated (0.20 and 0.40 m). The experimental design was a complete Randomized block with a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement, in plots subdivided over time with four replications. The dry mass production (DMP) was determined for the whole plant (PI) and its fractions, and only for the whole plant the apparent nitrogen conversion efficiency (ANCE), contained nitrogen (NC) and apparent nitrogen recovery (ANR). The residual heights evaluated did not interfere (P> 0.05) in the production results and the nitrogen dynamics. An effect (P

This study was designed to determine the effects of soybean silage (SS) in diets of dairy heifers on nutrient intake and digestibility, feeding behaviours, rumen fermentation, N utilisation, and mi...

Purpose: Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer present a unique challenge to health care institutions. Their cancer diagnosis and treatment have a profound impact upon their health and well-being. Despite the various support services aimed at improving their quality of life, their needs and preferences are often underestimated or misjudged. Recent studies show that patients are empowered by the knowledge and support they receive online. Given the extensive use of social media among AYA, we aim to identify promises, challenges, and recommendations for integrating these platforms in AYA cancer care. Methodology: We systematically searched seven databases systematically: Scopus, PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, CINAHL, SocINDEX, and Media. We placed no restriction on the type of methodology used in the studies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was used to frame the research. Results: Many studies argued that health care professionals need to integrate social media in their clinical practice to engage with patients' lifeworld. Social media were considered important allies in optimizing cancer care at all levels of support, ranging from information provision, treatment adherence, diet and exercise interventions, to professional, peer, and psychosocial self-care. Lack of research on the efficacy of social media in the context of psychosocial support was a commonly cited problem. A small number of publications paid attention to the inherent risks of promoting self-care online. Conclusion: Future studies should continue to pursue empirical research on the efficacy of online psychosocial care, while not neglecting the ethical challenges of social media research.

SARS-CoV-2 is a genetically engineered SARS-COV vector which has been embedded into the backbone of bacteriophage HP2 of Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenza (NTHi). The design of SARS-CoV-2’s spike (S) protein is notable for its ability to facilitate cellular entry via not only the ACE2 receptors but also ICAM-1 which becomes upregulated in a NTHI infection. Technologies used in the development of SARS-CoV-2 were patented by the Spanish National Research Council in 2006 and include methods for creating a SARS-COV vector for gene editing, particularly “gene silencing”, and vaccine administration via “virus particles”. This patent calls for the engineering of a SARS-COV vector using a helper virus such as HP2 for replication and/or transcription. According to this patent, the said system could be constructed using a genome of SARS-COV containing sequences encoding a heterologous reporter gene or a gene derived from a different infectious agent and the construction of a fulllength cDNA, which in the case of SARS-CoV-2 was most likely performed using hnRNP Q CRISPR Activation Plasmid (h) cDNA. Further, NTHI lysates increase exosome release in the human middle ear epithelial cells. Exosomes can regulate gene expression via their miRNAs. SARS-CoV-2 shares a 76% homology with SARS-COV which is an engineering requirement mentioned in the said patent. The patent also sets forth modification principles and sequences for engineering the ORF of gene 7a. This engineering can be observed as a structural analysis has revealed that SARS-CoV-2 ORF 7a has structural homology with ICAM-1. ORF 7a plays a vital role in virus tropism allowing SARS-CoV-2 to be “guided” to gene editing targets via the hosts inflammatory secretions. Manipulation of ORF 7a to evade the hosts natural defenses against virus tropism as well as the use of NTHI lysates can cause an excessive inflammatory response or a “cytokine storm” in high-risk populations who become infected with COVID-19. This mode of engineering would necessarily classify SARS-CoV-2 a biological weapon.

Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a neurodegenerative and primary immunodeficiency disorder (PID) characterized by cerebellar ataxia, oculocutaneous telangiectasia, immunodeficiency, progressive respiratory failure, and an increased risk of malignancies. It demands specialized care tailored to the individual patient’s needs. Besides the classical ataxia-telangiectasia (classical A-T) phenotype, a variant phenotype (variant A-T) exists with partly overlapping but some distinctive disease characteristics. Here we present a case series of 6 patients with classical A-T and variant A-T, which illustrates the phenotypic variability of A-T that can present in childhood with prominent extrapyramidal features, with or without cerebellar ataxia. We report the clinical data, together with a detailed genotype description, immunological analyses, and related expression of the ATM protein. We show that the presence of some residual ATM kinase activity leads to the clinical phenotype variant A-T that differs from the classical A-T. Our data illustrate that the diagnosis of the variant form of A-T can be delayed and difficult, while early recognition of the variant form as well as the classical A-T is a prerequisite for providing a correct prognosis and appropriate rehabilitation and support, including the avoidance of diagnostic X-ray procedures, given the increased risk of malignancies and the higher risk for side effects of subsequent cancer treatment.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chitosan and homolactic microbial inoculant on fermentative losses, chemical composition, fermentative profile, and aerobic stability of whole-plant soybean silage (WPSS). Additionally, it was evaluated nutrients intake and digestibility of sheep fed increasing levels of WPSS. Thirty experimental silos were randomly allocated to one of the following treatments: 1) CON: control, WPSS without additives; 2) LPPA: WPSS with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici; and 3) CHI: chitosan, WPSS with 5 g/kg of chitosan. Ten male sheep were used to evaluate increasing dietary levels of WPSS: 0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 g/kg of diet dry matter (DM). Additives increased silage lactic acid bacteria and decreased the count of mold and yeast, gas, and total losses. Silages treated with additives had lower pH, NH3-N, and ethanol concentrations and higher lactic and propionic acids relative to CON. LPPA-treated silos showed higher organic matter and non-fiber carbohydrates content than CHI-ones. Additives increased the aerobic stability of WPSS. The addition of WPSS in sheep diets linearly increased nutrients intake and digestibility. Chitosan and LPPA improve WPSS fermentation, aerobic stability, and nutritional value. The WPSS in substitution to Cynodon hay increases sheep feed intake and nutrients digestibility. RESUMO Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da adição de quitosana e inoculante homolático sobre as perdas fermentativas, composição química, perfil fermentativo e estabilidade aeróbia da silagem de planta inteira de soja (SPIS). Em adição, foi avaliado o consumo e a digestibilidade de nutrientes em ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo níveis crescentes de SPIS. Trinta silos experimentais foram aleatoriamente alocados a um dos seguintes tratamentos: 1) CON: controle, SPIS sem aditivos; 2) LPPA: SPIS com Lactobacillus plantarum e Pediococcus acidilactici; e 3) QUI: quitosana, SPIS com 5 g/kg de quitosana. Dez ovinos machos foram usados para avaliar os níveis dietéticos de SPIS: 0, 200, 400, 600 e 800 g/kg da matéria seca (MS). Os aditivos aumentaram a contagem de bactérias láticas e reduziram a contagem de fungos e leveduras e as perdas fermentativas totais da SPIS. Silagens tratadas com aditivos tiveram menores pH, N-NH3 e etanol e maiores concentrações de ácido lático e propiônico, quando comparadas ao tratamento controle. Silos tratados com LPPA apresentaram maiores teores de matéria orgânica e carboidratos não fibrosos do que aqueles do tratamento QUI. Os aditivos aumentaram a estabilidade aeróbia da SPIS. A adição de SPIS na dieta de ovinos aumentou linearmente o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes. Quitosana e inoculante microbiano homolático melhoram a fermentação, estabilidade aeróbia e o valor nutricional da SPIS. A substituição de feno de Cynodon por SIPS aumenta o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes em ovinos.

Kurzfassung Die Additive Fertigung (AM) ist insbesondere als Hilfsmittel bei der Produktentwicklung weit verbreitet. 71 Prozent der produzierenden Unternehmen setzen AM fur die Fertigung von Protot...

ZusammenfassungUntersuchungen zur olfaktorischen Wahrnehmung bei psychiatrischen und neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen zeigen vielfältige Veränderungen auf psychophysikalischer, neurophysiologischer und anatomischer Ebene. Diese Veränderungen stellen sich zum Teil erkrankungsspezifisch dar. So wird z. B. die dysfunktionale Geruchswahrnehmung bei affektiven Erkrankungen mit anatomisch-funktionellen Überlappungen von geruchs- und emotionsverarbeitenden Arealen in Verbindung gebracht. Auf Basis der aktuellen Datenlange zur veränderten Riechfähigkeit bei Major Depression, Schizophrenie, Alzheimer-Demenz und der Parkinson-Erkrankung wird hier die Erfassung der olfaktorischen Wahrnehmung als zusätzlicher diagnostischer Marker bei neuropsychiatrischen Erkrankungen diskutiert. Dabei besteht die Notwendigkeit einer objektiven Erfassung der Riechfunktion über validierte Testverfahren, verknüpft mit Kenntnissen in der Interpretation der erhaltenen Befunde. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, die Veränderungen der olfaktorischen Wahrnehmung bei den genannten Erkrankungen darzustellen und ausgewählte, im deutschen Sprachraum verfügbare Verfahren vorzustellen und anwendungsbezogen einzuordnen. Eigene aktuelle Daten zur Validierung eines Geruchsdiskriminationstests (Düsseldorf Odour Discrimination Test) an einer klinischen Stichprobe werden vorgestellt.

Kurzfassung Durch die Möglichkeit, bedarfsgerecht in unmittelbarer Nähe vom Nachfrageort zu produzieren, besitzt der 3D-Druck das Potenzial, die Erwartungen der Ersatzteilnachfrager an eine ständige Verfügbarkeit individualisierter Komponenten zu erfüllen. Um die Vorteile der additiven Fertigung für die Ersatzteillogistik nutzen zu können, müssen neue Geschäftsmodelle entwickelt werden. Durch den unterstützenden Einsatz eines Softwaretools könnte der Logistikdienstleister neue Kompetenzen im Rahmen der additiven Ersatzteilfertigung erwerben und sein bestehendes Dienstleistungsspektrum erweitern. Zur erfolgreichen Etablierung des Softwaretools gilt es, ein Geschäftsmodell für dessen unterstützenden Einsatz zu erarbeiten. In der hier dargelegten Untersuchung wurde ein Geschäftsmodell durch Anwendung des Business Model Canvas in einem Expertenkreis entwickelt.

Self-reported empathy differs with gender and sexual orientation. The current study investigated whether mu-suppression, reflecting brain activity especially related to state empathy, also is modulated by gender and sexual orientation. Pictures of painful and non-painful actions were presented to 20 lesbians, 20 gay men, 20 heterosexual men and 20 heterosexual women, while EEG was recorded. Individual peak frequencies of mu-activity (electrodes C3, C4) were detected within the 6–11 Hz band for each participant, and mu-suppression indices were calculated. Further, verbal indicators of state empathy (pain ratings) and compassion were assessed. Only heterosexual individuals showed the typical pattern of enhanced mu-suppression in response to painful relative to non-painful pictures. Lesbian women and gay men did not show a differential mu-response. Moreover, they felt less compassion compared to heterosexual individuals. In line with this finding, the more compassion the participants reported, the stronger the mu-suppression in response to painful relative to non-painful pictures was. Pain ratings did not vary with sexual orientation. The lesser compassion reported by lesbian women and gay men is discussed as a mediator of their non-differential mu-suppression response. It is hypothesized that this pattern might relate to gay men and lesbian women tending to perceive the anonymous depicted actors as outgroup members, hence showing less compassion and reduced mu-suppression. As empathy is often related to negative feelings (empathic stress), a clear distinction between individuals to empathize with versus individuals not to emphasize with may well be an adaptive feature in same-sex oriented individuals.

Für die didaktische Planung, Umsetzung und Evaluation von onlinebasierten Lehr- und Lernsettings stellen qualitative und quantitative Nutzungsanalysen eine wert- volle Informationsgrundlage im Gebrauch von Lernmanagementsystemen (LMS) dar. Die eigene Lehre beforschend, setzt sich unser Beitrag empirisch mit dem Nutzer:innenverhalten von Studierenden in zwei LMS auseinander. Als quantitative Kennzahl des Aufrufs von Onlineangeboten werden hierzu log-in-basierte Klickstatisti- ken in vier verschiedenen MINT-Fächern beforscht, um die Gestaltung für digitale asynchrone und synchrone Lehr- und Lernformate zu diskutieren.

This paper introduces the collection of manuscripts from the symposium, “Biology Beyond the Classroom: Experiential Learning through Authentic Research, Design, and Community Engagement,” presented at the 2021 annual meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. The following papers showcase innovative approaches for engaging undergraduate students in experiential science learning experiences. Specifically, we focus on three high-impact practices that allow students to take their learning outside of the classroom for increased relevance and authenticity: (1) Course-Based Undergraduate Research, (2) Digital Fabrication in Makerspaces, and (3) Service or Community-based Learning Opportunities. Although each topic is unique, all provide an alternative approach to the traditional lecture and have proven effective at appealing to diverse groups of students who are traditionally underrepresented in the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics workforce.

The objectives of the study aimed to evaluate the effect of weather conditions and scrotal circumference (SC) on standard semen characteristics of Italian Simmental young bulls (n = 577), all raised in the same performance station and sampled by the artificial vagina (AV) method. Considering the increasing SC, the results showed a significant increase in quantitative semen parameters (p < 0.05 and p < 0.0001, for sperm concentration and total number of spermatozoa, respectively); for every extra centimeter of SC, 17.5 × 106 spermatozoa/mL and 0.102 × 109 of total spermatozoa were produced. The age of the animal at semen collection (395 and 465 days) had similar positive effects. The effect of the average temperature humidity index (THI limits ≤ 40 and ≥70) in the previous 60, 30, and 10 days before the semen collection was also considered. Sixty days before the semen collection, the increasing THI increased both primary (p < 0.0001) and secondary (p < 0.0001) abnormalities while the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa decreased (p < 0.0001). Thirty and ten days before collection, the same effect on morphological traits was maintained, but total and progressive motility was also influenced (p < 0.01) with an unexpected increasing pattern. Thus, environmental conditions can influence semen quality during the entire spermatogenesis and results can guide future research on this breed.

The field of conservation biology focuses on maintaining biodiversity by mitigating both global and local threats. One of the top threats to biodiversity is the worldwide problem of invasive species. Each community has its own pests to control, and students can engage with this global issue on a local scale through well-designed service-learning courses. This article discusses how students engaged with conservation biology through an integrated service-learning project tackling invasive species at a local nature center. Products of the class, data from class artifacts, as well as student feedback on evaluations are also presented.

EGFR cell surface density, stability, internalization, and recycling can be measured by cell surface ELISA (cs-ELISA). Performing this experiment on ice impedes receptor internalization; thus the physiological cell surface receptor levels can be measured by cs-ELISA. Cell surface EGFR levels are detected by measuring Amplex Red fluorescence intensity. Although cell surface receptor levels can be measured by flow cytometry, cs-ELISA does not include cell dissociation steps that might affect cell surface receptor levels. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kazan et al. (2019).

Enzyme additives have been added to forage at ensiling to improve nutritive value. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of adding exogenous enzymes to silage on fermentative losses and profile, aerobic stability, chemical composition, in vitro degradation, microbial quality, and nutrients intake and digestibility. Treatments were control (CON); addition of exo-1,4-α-glycosidase glucoamylase (GLU; Kerazyme 3035, Kera Nutrição Animal, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil); addition of β-glucan 4-glucanhydrolase (CEL); and GLU + CEL. Data from the silo experiment were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS, with fixed effects of glucoamylase and cellulase, and interaction effect between them. In vivo experiment analyses also included fixed effect of Latin Square and period, and random effect of animal within Latin Square. CEL increased (P ≤ 0.038) gas losses and effluents production, CEL and GLU decreased (P = 0.039) DM recovery compared to control but not differ from GLU+CEL. CEL silage had higher (P ≤ 0.021) starch and crude protein and in vitro digestibility of DM and NDF (P ≤ 0.032), while GLU had higher (P = 0.001) ADF. CEL showed lower (P = 0.012) ethanol content and higher (P = 0.02) anaerobic bacteria counts, while GLU showed higher (P = 0.012) lactate concentration and lower (P ≤ 0.002) counts of bacteria and fungi. Lambs fed with CEL presented higher (P ≤ 0.012) digestibility coefficients for DM, OM, CP and NDF. Decrease on DM recovery indicates no improvements on the nutritive value of silage. On the other hand, cellulolytic enzyme positively affected animal digestion.

Background Optoelectronic Plethysmography (OEP) is an effective method for evaluating thoracoabdominal kinematics. However, little is known about the viability and use the OEP in people with obesity. Objective Summarize information on the use and feasibility of OEP in the assessment of thoracoabdominal kinematics in people with obesity. Methods Studies were identified through PubMed, EMBASE, Science Direct, Web of Science and Scopus databases in the February 2021. Results Six studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies used the OEP to assess abdominal and thoracic mobility in obese people of different BMI, using the default setting. No study reported the impossibility of using OEP in people with obesity. Conclusion Has been shown that it is possible to use the OEP in people with obesity with a BMI of up to 50 kg/m2. More studies are needed to demonstrate the feasibility of the method in people with a BMI greater than this value.