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Diabetes is a severe health complication one of which is a Diabetic Foot Ulcer. It is an open sore or wound often observed in diabetic patients who require a careful treatment plan. The most common option is still based on the disease's symptoms and indications because of its large transcendence, which is associated to a higher incidence and expensive and limited diagnostic trials. As a result, the attending physician completes a questionnaire using both its own observation and supporting instrumental measurements (it could be method but not so sure). The above mentioned questionnaire will serve as the basis for the diagnosis, which will also be determined by the consultant's experience and the criteria. Unfortunately, the preceding dependency is unacceptable for some factors, such as the laceration (injury or wound) and location. Therefore, this project is focused on developing a diabetic foot ulcer detection system that helps to identify diabetic foot by developing a suitable feature extraction and classification algorithm. Along with the classification algorithms, the use of Digital image processing techniques helps to improve the quality of images for accurate detection. The number of photos available for training had to be increased with data augmentation for each approach, and false positives had to be eliminated using postprocessing. Hence, with the use of digital image processing techniques, this study aims to establish a new link in the evaluation of the diabetic foot.

The transcendental equations' non-zero positive real roots can be found using a new approach presented in this research. The proposed approach is based on the union of the Newton-Raphson method and the inverse tan(x) function. To ensure the method's applicability, it is implemented in MATLAB and applied to various issues. The suggested approach is evaluated on a variety of numerical instances, the results show that our approaches are superior and more efficient than widely used methods. For both the new proposed method and the currently accessible existing methods, error calculations have been made. When compared to well-known procedures, the mistakes were quickly minimised, and the genuine root was discovered in fewer repetitions. The proposed method's convergence is studied, and it is demonstrated that it reduces to the quadratic convergent Newton-Raphson method. This method will also assist in the production of a non-zero real root of a specified nonlinear equation in the commercial software (transcendental, algebraic, and exponential).

Enhydra Fluctuans Lour a medicinal plant commonly known as halencha belonging to family asteraceae. It played an important role since ancient times in treating various kinds of diseases. It enlarging great important for its therapeutic potential. Enhydra Fluctuans is one such plant which is semiaquatic herbaceous vegetable plant with serrate leaves which is available abundantly in India especially in the North Estern states. It has immense potential as medicinal plant and also has many benefiacial effect. The leaves are slightly bitter, cure inflammation, skin diseases, laxatives, bronchitis, leucoderma, billiousness and good in small pox. It also reported having anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, hepatoprotective even neuropharmaco-logical effect. These acivities can be attributed mainly to presence of phytochemicals such as flavonoid, alkaloid, saponins, tannins, phenols, and carbohydrates and nutritional value including βcarotene, enhydrin, and so on. This review aims at compling the potential benefits of Enhydra Fluctuans Lour based on its pharmacological activity.

We are witnessing the development in science field day by day and we can see many progressive developments in literature. Agam and Puram in Tamil literature, theoretically have taken deep root and it spread like a tree and has come to the stage of expressing the life of marginal people. The word ‘Dalitiyam’ is discussed among many people. The main aim of Dalitism is that the Dalit people, who have been oppressed by the dominant caste for ages, should get their freedom. Today Dalit literature seeks to destroy dominant concepts of equality at all levels. Efforts to abolish caste without destruction, reservation, agitations, uprisings for political and economic equality are the main factors in the development of Dalit literature. The article studies the way how Dalits are portrayed in S. Dharma’s work Koogai and about their lifestyles, feelings and thoughts.

Objectives: The vast amount of facemasks generated as waste should be disposed of appropriately and responsibly to prevent adverse effects on health and the environment. This study aims to assess the knowledge and methods commonly practiced by the public to disinfect and dispose of used facemasks. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2021 to December 2021 in the South Part of Karnataka using a face-validated questionnaire. The questionnaire included subject demographic details and methods to disinfect and dispose of masks. The data were recorded and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results: A total of (n=501) participants took part in the study. This study observed that the most commonly practiced method was to wash the masks with specific cleaners (n=259, 53%). We also assessed knowledge regarding the methods of disposal of a mask. The majority of the participants in our study are aware of the correct method for disposal of used masks(n=342, 68.26%), while (n=159, 31.73%) of subjects are not aware of the right facemask disposal method. Subjects who are educated (p=0.008) and regular mask users (p=0.011) are aware of the right method for mask disposal. Conclusion: Many people are unaware of the correct disposal methods. Hence, Manufacturers and Scientists should identify an effective way to disinfect and dispose of used masks and educate the public to practice the proper method of facemask disposal.

Feedlot manure is rich in plant nutrients and can immobilize potentially toxic metals. However, pelleted manure compost as an amendment material in mine spoils (chat) is not well studied. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of pelleted cattle manure on improving chat properties facilitating phyto-stabilization and the establishment of grasses. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted with unamended and amended chat (lime treated) with pelleted manure at three rates (60, 120, and 180 Mg ha−1) with and without bentonite (B), using two native grasses, switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) and wheatgrass ( Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Löve). Leachates from pots were collected periodically until harvest. Nutrients and metal concentrations were measured in chat treatments, and metal concentrations were measured in plant tissues and leachates. Manure-amended chat reduced leachate Cd and Zn on average by >75% and >80%, respectively. Above-ground dry matter yield increased by >2.5-fold and >4-fold, respectively, in switchgrass and wheatgrass with the increase of 3-fold manure rate. The manure rate at 180 Mg ha−1 reduced plant Cd and Zn by 50% and 20%, respectively, in wheatgrass, and 30% and no reduction, respectively, in switchgrass, compared to the 60 Mg ha−1 manure rate. Overall, pelleted manure compost significantly increased available nutrients and decreased available metals in amended chat, with no significant effect of B. This study indicated that pelleted manure, preferably at 180 Mg ha−1 rate with lime, can be used in acidic metal-contaminated chat to facilitate the establishment of perennial native grasses and reduce the potentially toxic metal availability.

India is an Agriculture country where 70% of the population depends on farming, the storage of grains plays a crucial role in national economy. During the grain storage, temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide and methane concentrations are important atmospheric factors that can affects the quality of the stored grain inside the go-downs and warehouses. The traditional methods are limited to simply testing the temperature and humidity conditions which are relatively backward as the other factors have to be checked independently for contributing to their effective storage. The approach of grain storage system at real-time designed by using some sensors like, DHT11, CO2 sensor, Methane sensor HC05 and Bluetooth module. These experimental results shows that the grain storage management system proposed, helps to check the nutrition levels of the grains that are being stored. This improves the rate of distribution of the grains at governmental distribution centre. The Grain storage management system gives the effective solution over the problem while distributing the grains. Hence at the end of this project the issues regarding distribution are eliminated at certain extent. Ultimately, the food availability to the people in drastic conditions and in case of natural calamities is the moto of government and this project will surely help to fulfil that moto with less manual efforts and with more efficiency.

Cotton is often referred as ‘King’ of fiber crop and also called as ‘White Gold’. It is one of important commercial crop. Cotton servers as a raw material to textile industries and over the years India had gained competitive increase in its production. Therefore, to know the ground situation of cotton in major cotton growing states, the present study was conducted with major objectives as growth and decomposition analysis. The secondary data were collected from various authentic websites and publications pertaining to 30 years starting from 1989-90 to 2018-19. The collected data was then further analysed using exponential function, Cuddy Della Valle’s Instability Index and Minhas Decomposition Model. The results revealed that, the growth rate of major cotton growing states like Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Haryana had positive and significant growth for area, production and yield during overall study period. The growth of area, production and yield of major cotton growing states were moderately unstable except Andhra Pradesh where, high instability was observed for area (44.33 per cent), production (48.99 per cent) and moderate instability was observed for yield (18.02 per cent). Among the major cotton growing states, except Gujarat, in all other states area played a driving role in changing cotton production. In Gujarat area played a dominant role for change in the cotton production.

The study was aimed to investigate the growth, instability and decomposition of onion in Maharashtra. The data of area, production and productivity of onion pertaining to 30 years (1989-90 to 2018-19) were made available through the secondary source of NHRDF which was further analysed using exponential function, Cuddy Della Valle’s Index and decomposition analysis model. The results of the study disclosed that, there was positive and significant growth of area, production and yield of onion during overall study period with annual growth rates of 8.43 per cent, 9.36 per cent and 0.85 per cent, respectively. There was high instability during overall period for area and production while, productivity showed a stability with low instability value of 12.89 per cent. The decomposition analysis indicated that the area under onion cultivation played an important role for the rise in production of onion with 62.80 per cent of area effect, 4.97 of yield effect and 32.21 per cent of the interaction effect during overall study period. The results of decomposition analysis have important policy implications because each growth component alone has a limited scope to expand overtime. There is need for horticulturists, breeders and entomologists which are working in the SAU and ICAR institutes to pay attention and find some technological breakthrough to increase the productivity of onion in the state.

This paper discusses thief detection, which is one of the important applications of suspicious human activity detections. Individual safety is a major concern in our busy scheduling life. The main reason for this concern is an ever-increasing number of activities that pose a threat. A simple closed-circuit television (CCTV) installation system is not sufficient enough because it usually requires a person to be alert and monitoring the cameras always is inefficient. The necessitates for the development of a fully automated security system detects anomalous activities in real-time, and provides instant assistance to the victim. As a consequence, we proposed a framework that examines and detects suspicious human activity from real-time Surveillance video using deep learning techniques and generates an alert if abnormal activity occurs. The method was tested on a dataset with both normal and abnormal activity and yielded better results. Keywords: Thief detection, deep-learning, surveillance video, predictive analysis, yolo.

User-generated content (UGC) has grown in popularity in recent times. The researchers have examined the significance of UGC on consumer behaviour in the era of Industry 4.0. Therefore, measuring UGC in eWOM communication will allow stakeholders to evaluate their effectiveness on the internet and amplify the digital process needed to perform modern marketing. A comprehensive literature review has been conducted to piece together the disparate pieces of knowledge to comprehend the entire conceptual framework of UGC. Several research papers have been classified into seven categories, each of which could elaborate on the concepts of UGC, eWOM, UGC/eWOM effect, factors of source credibility, factors of content credibility, receiver's behaviour, and platform credibility in order to conceptualize the concept under consideration. The goal is to connect ideas available in the literature and offer a comprehensive picture of UGC by focusing on the future research perspective. UGC and eWOM will let firms strategize their resources and effort.

AIM: Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a key tool for the identification and risk stratification of patients with coronary artery disease. The use of a coronary calcium score further adds to prognostic data above MPI alone. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the extent to which the use of a coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, when co-reported with MPI, impacts changes in clinical management in patients without a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing functional imaging.This is a multicenter international study which incorporated a standardized questionnaire to evaluate changes in clinician management after MPI results were given with and without the additional information of a CAC score. Calcium scoring on a SPECT-CT system was performed via a semiquantitative Shemesh score (0-12) with a 0-3 score from the left main, left anterior descending, left circumflex, and right coronary arteries. CT of the chest was read independently, and non-coronary findings were reported alongside the CAC score.A total of 281 patients were enrolled across 3 international centers (Brazil, Australia, New Zealand). Of the 281 patients, 133 (47%) had management altered after the clinician was made aware of the CAC score. The impact of the CAC in changing clinical management was significant, particularly in patients with a negative MPI (P 0.0001), but also in MPI-positive patients (P = 0.0021). The most common management change was the addition or intensification of statin therapy.The addition of the CAC component to MPI yielded significant management changes in nearly half of all patients undergoing MPI for suspected CAD. This trend was observed across all centers in the three countries involved and was particularly evident in patient with a negative MPI.

Renal calculi, often known as kidney stones, are solid masses made mostly of crystals. Detecting the perfect and correct site of urinary calculus is essential for surgical procedures. Because CT pictures include greater speckle noise, manually detecting urinary calculi is difficult, hence automated systems for detecting kidney stones in CT images are necessary. CT imaging is one of the imaging modalities available for diagnosing kidney abnormalities, which can include changes in shape and position, as well as swelling of the limb; other kidney abnormalities include the creation of stones, cysts, urine obstruction, congenital defects, and malignant cells. This research presents a new method for detecting kidney stones. This project is divided into two parts: kidney CT image classification and kidney stone detection. For renal CT image classification, VGG16 convolutional neural networks are employed, and for kidney stone identification, Fuzzy c means clustering is used. Filtering and processing of kidney CT scans removes undesired noise and enhances the image. Using complicated techniques such as the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, classify the image using the SoftMax classifier algorithm, and ultimately detect the kidney stone using FCM. This technology will produce more accurate findings and will do it faster than the previous way.

Objective: In the present study is investigated of phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of the leaf extracts from Meliosma simplicifolia (L.). Methods: The seaweed sample was subjected to extraction with solvents of different polarities (hot water, methanol, acetone, chloroform, and petroleum ether) and screened for phytochemicals according to standard methods. The ability of the plant extract to act as hydrogen/electrons donor or scavenger of radicals was determined by in vitro antioxidant assays using 2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH) scavenging, reducing power assay, and superoxide radical (O2•) scavenging activity. The ICPMS and GC-MS analysis of the methanol leaf extract of M. simplicifolia was revealed the presence of antibacterial. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of Preliminary metabolites Quantitative studies of estimated phenol, flavonoid and tannin, as for the methanol extract of stem showed the highest content of phenolic compounds (40.71±0.94 GAE mg/100). Antioxidant activities were concluded the estimation M. simplicifolia leaf for as followed the studies. In leaf the highest DPPH scavenging activity (132.3 μg/ml), ICP-MS analysis of the leaf extract showed the presence minerals such as Mg, Fe, Cu, Na, and Zn in excess. The leaf extract of the plant was also tested for its antibacterial activity and results confirmed that it has potential activity. Conclusion: The preliminary studies in the methanol extract of the leaf of M. simplicifolia are suggestive of the antibacterial potentials of the methanol extract of leaves of M. simplicifolia.

Background: Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) measures costs and outcomes in monetary terms, it can be used to compare net benefits of all types of interventions. CEA is most important for chronic conditions such as depression requiring long-term/lifelong medications. Depression is a mood disorder affecting all age groups with a considerable impact on the quality of life. It imposes an economic burden on the individual, family, and society. Among antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors are commonly preferred since they are well-tolerated and efficacious. As there are only few studies done in Indian population to compare the efficacy and tolerability of Escitalopram and Desvenlafaxine, and no CEA have been done to compare the cost-effectiveness of Escitalopram and Desvenlafaxine, the present study was taken up. Therefore, the present study was undertaken. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Escitalopram and Desvenlafaxine in the treatment of moderate-to-severe depression. Materials and Methods: A randomized, open-label, standard controlled, parallel-group, and 8-week study of CEA of Escitalopram and Desvenlafaxine was performed in 60 subjects with newly diagnosed moderate-to-severe depression. Clinical improvement was assessed using the montgomery and asberg depression rating scale (MADRS). CEA was analyzed using average cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) and increment cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Results: Escitalopram and Desvenlafaxine showed a significant reduction in the total MADRS scores. Escitalopram showed a faster onset of action and was more efficacious than Desvenlafaxine in reducing depressive symptoms. ACER shows a lesser cost required for Escitalopram over Desvenlafaxine. Negative ICER and increment net benefit analysis demonstrate that Escitalopram is cost-effective versus Desvenlafaxine. Study drugs were well tolerated, with mild nausea in the Desvenlafaxine group. Conclusion: Escitalopram was more cost-effective in comparison to Desvenlafaxine in moderate to severe depression.

The anticorrosive activity of Combretum indicum (CI) leaf extract has been examined on mild steel corrosion in 1M HCl by using weight loss and electrochemical measurement techniques. The results of these experimental techniques have consistent in confirming the effect of the CI leaf extract on corrosion inhibition and a mechanism for the inhibition was proposed. The dissolution rate of steel in acidic solution was found to be sensitive to the concentration of CI leaf extract and the corrosion rate reduces when the concentration of CI leaf extract is increased and reaches the high protection efficiency. The potentiodynamic polarization study confirms the mixed mode of inhibition. Ultraviolet–visible (UV) and Fourier -transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic techniques were performed to evaluate the phenomenon of adsorption in the plant extract and the functional groups. The surface morphology analysis (SEM) further corroborates the adsorption of inhibitor molecules over the metal surface.

Root canal systems can present with multiple diversities. We have heard of working length which has been dealt with and researched in endodontic literature and routine clinical practice.

Every human need eight to ten hours sleep every day for healthy and good functioning of brain and body. Proposed system induces sleep using low frequency, low strength magnetic waves produced by using coil circuitry. Majority of age people, people with anxiety, stress, depressed feel difficulty to get sleep due to few unknown factors. Our proposed system will induce sleep without drugs, meditation and other chemical-based methods having huge side effects.

In vitro studies on pollen viability of six jasmine species, viz. Jasminum sambac, J. auriculatum, J. grandiflorum, J. multiflorum, J. flexile and J. malabaricum, was conducted at ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru during 2016-17. Results revealed that species Jasminum malabaricum recorded highest pollen viability (96.57%) as well as pollen germination (91.58%) followed by J. flexile (84.92% and 81.86%, respectively) and J. auriculatum (71.32% and 71.08%, respectively) under in vitro condition. The species J. sambac significantly recorded lowest pollen viability (34.27%) and germination (34.09%). Significantly highest normal shaped pollen grains were observed in J. auriculatum (96.92%) which was at par with J. malabaricum (96.89%) and J. grandiflorum (93.63%). Modified BK germination medium containing 100 ppm H3BO3 + 300 ppm Ca(No3)2 + 200 ppm MgSO4) with 10% sucrose + 15% PEG 4000 solution was found optimal for highest in vitro germination in J. malabaricum (91.58%). However, maximum length of pollen tube was recorded in J. flexile (1170.68 μm) followed by J. malabaricum (951.11 μm). The viable pollen diameter of different species ranged from 38.25 μm (J. auriculatum) to 46.53 μm (J. malabaricum). Pollen grains collected during evening (05:00 pm to 06:00 pm) at the time of anthesis showed best results. Pollen tubes revealed abnormalities such as bulging and coiling of tips in J. sambac and J. grandiflorum. This might be one of the reasons for no fruit set when J. sambac used as pollen parent. From this in vitro pollen germination study, species J. malabaricum, J. flexile and J. auriculatum were identified as most suitable male parents compared to other species.

Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a rare disease in which patients experience severe light sensitivity. It is caused by a deficiency of ferrochelatase (FECH), the last enzyme in heme biosynthesis (HBS). The lack of FECH causes accumulation of its photoreactive substrate protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) in patients' erythrocytes. Here, we explored an approach for the treatment of EPP by decreasing PPIX synthesis using small-molecule inhibitors directed to factors in the HBS pathway. We generated a FECH-knockout clone from K562 erythroleukemia cells, which accumulates PPIX and undergoes oxidative stress upon light exposure. We used these matched cell lines to screen a set of publicly available inhibitors of factors in the HBS pathway. Inhibitors of the glycine transporters GlyT1 and GlyT2 lowered levels of PPIX and markers of oxidative stress selectively in K56211B4 cells, and in primary erythroid cultures from an EPP patient. Our findings open the door to investigation of glycine transport inhibitors for HBS disorders.

In MIMO(multiple input multiple output) system, antenna performance are degraded by mutual coupling hence to overcome this we go for circular polarization. In this paper we use planar, circularly polarized MIMO patch with three grounded stubs, F-shaped mirrored structure to achieve same time isolation &matching with offset feeding between two patches for circularly polarization.The elements of antenna are closely packed with 0.06λ0 of edge to edge distance at 2.5 GHZ frequency. The proposed antenna will results the impedance matching S11 < -10 dB and high isolation of S12 < -20 dB.

Backgorund: Access to improved sanitation facility for all is an essential to maintain good health and well being. However in India, millions of people suffer from diseases and infections due to lack of adequate sanitation. Realising the importance of sanitation and hygiene, Government of India announced the flagship programme Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) in 2014. One of the important features of SBM is to provide financial assistance to construct individual household latrine facility. It is important to understand the impact of SBM on pattern and access of households to latrine facility in Indian states. Objective: This paper tries to examine the pattern and trends in access to individual household latrine facility from an inter-state perspective and convergence in access to latrine facility among the states after the implementation of SBM. Methods: Data have been obtained from Census, reports from Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, GOI and Swachh Bharat Mission Gramin website for the period 2011 to 2018. Sigma and beta convergence techniques have been employed to analyse the convergence in access to toilet facility and percent and ratios are employed to analyse the pattern. Results: The findings of the study confirmed the positive impact of SBM in increasing the access to toilet facility in rural India and convergence in access to toilet facility among Indian states in post SBM implementation. During the period 2014-2018, ie, after implementation of SBM, the increase in sanitation coverage at national level is four times higher than the progress made during the decade of 2001 to 2011. Many of the States have reported 100 percent open defection free Villages in the year 2018. So Implementation of SBM not only improves the share of households having latrine facility, but it has widely reduced the gap between high and low income states in access to the sanitation facility.

Background Facial injuries due to flying windscreen glass pieces are common in road accident and require surgical intervention by plastic surgeons to debride, suture, and dress the injuries. Posthealing patients visit dermatologists for further treatment of residual scar tissue. Interestingly, tiny papules or small nodular scars seen on otherwise level background which persists for beyond 3 months (scar modeling time) may actually harbor small fragments of glass. Such lesions can only be treated by fractional CO2 therapy. Methods Two patients who had papules and small nodular lesions on the accident scarred areas were subjected to fractional CO2 laser (ultraPulse, Lumenis)with moderate fluence and high density, once and observed over a period of 12 weeks. Results On targeting the papules and small nodules, tiny particles of glass appeared out of the broken lesions. Discussion Irrespective of the surgery done on accident victims involving windshield glass injuries, fractional CO2 may be considered at a later stage, especially with presence of papules interspersed in the area of facial scars.

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plays an important role in sustainable agriculture, reducing the limitations associated with other sources of N such as fertilizers and soils. Our major objective was to evaluate the weekly pattern of BNF in soybean influenced by nodule formation, using three different laboratory‐cultured Bradyrhizobium strains. Plants were grown in 1‐m polyvinyl chloride (PVC) columns for 17 week in a greenhouse and BNF was determined using an integrated approach by assessing nodule formation, stem ureide‐N, and N partitioning in plant parts. Bradyrhizobium strains showed overall similar plant performance and N2−fixation capacity. During the beginning of flowering/full bloom (R1/R2) growth stages, nodule formation significantly increased and reached a maximum at pod‐filling (R4) stage. Stem ureide‐N was detected at early growth stages even with fewer small nodules, which significantly increased after the beginning of pod formation (R3). Peak N2−fixing rate (g N kg−1 d−1) started to decline after the onset of seed filling (R5.5). Relationship between BNF and nodule parameters (nodule number [R2 = .65] and nodule weight [R2 = .62]) suggested that they can be used as predictors of BNF.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is still an incurable muscle degenerative disease; thus, numerous studies focused on novel therapeutic approaches. However, a simple assay of muscle function restoration remains needed. Herein, we used an oscillatory shear rheometer to evaluate changes in rheological properties of mouse muscles (tibialis anterior, TA) and their restoration upon autologous cell therapy by comparing the viscoelastic properties of normal, diseased and treated muscles. Amplitude sweep tests of muscle samples were performed under 20% compression over a range of shear strain between 0.01 and 2% and frequency of 1 rad/s. The samples were tested in plane-plane geometry and horizontal myofiber alignment. Typical linear viscoelastic region (LVER) patterns were found for each muscle type. For healthy muscles, a broad LVER between shear deformations (γ) of 0.013–0.62% was observed. The LVER of DMD mdx/SCID muscles was found at 0.14% to 0.46% shear deformation, and no shear dependence of storage (G') and loss (G“) moduli at γ range changing from 0.034% to 0.26% was found for transplanted tissues. G'LVER and G”LVER moduli of healthy muscles were significantly higher than G'LVER and G“LVER of dystrophic tissues. Additionally, muscle resistance assessment by rheometer indicated that muscles transplanted with stem cells restored elastic properties to levels close to those of healthy muscles. Interestingly, histological staining and rheological data indicate that the loss factor is strongly related to structural changes of examined muscles.

Agni is termed as Vaishwanara as it takes the person from Mruthyuloka to Swargaloka. It is an important factor and is equitant to Prana; is one among Dashaprana Ayatana. Agni in Shareera is present in different forms with different actions. It is the responsible factor for both health and disease; on the other hand the successful outcome of treatment is also dependant on Agni. Chikitsa (treatment) is the process of bestowing normalcy which is either brought by Shodhana (purificatory) or Shamana (palliative) Karma. Snehapana is a pre-operative procedure for Shodhana Chikitsa where in Sneha Dravya (medicated fat) is administered for attainment of Upasthita Dosha Avastha and further ease in elimination of the vitiated Doshas. Assessment of Dosha, Dushya, Vyadhi Avastha, Roga Bala, Rogi Bala, Agni, Koshta etc. factors are essential for the attainment of Chikitsa Phala. Assessment of Agni not only helps in understanding Vyadhi but also enables to plan the dosage of Sneha to be administered. Thus this paper is an attempt to throw light on the importance of Agni, assessment of Agni and Agni Bala prior to Shodhananga Snehapana.

The present investigation was carried out to study the compatibility among six Jasminum species during 2016–17. Among open, self and artificial cross pollination, the open pollination resulted in maximum degree of fruit and seed set proving the open pollination to be the best method of pollination. The best time for pollination was the time of anthesis. The species Jasminum malabaricum and Jasminum auriculatum were superior as seed parents.