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Big data has become omnipresent since most human activities are recorded using various technologies, thus generating huge databases on various platforms such as social media. Human activity has become reflected in these databases, making them suitable for various research that used to be conducted based on more traditional research approaches, such as survey research. Labour markets research is also affected by big data since social media has become one of the most dominant means of communication in various areas, being employed as one of them. This paper aims to map the research field of big data and labor markets using a systematic literature review and bibliography. Web of Science database has been searched using the keywords "big data" and "labo(u)r market". The most relevant papers for the area of big data for labour analysis have been selected, using transparent and consistent criteria. Papers have been analysed using a bibliometric approach supported by the VOSviewer and R bibliometrix, which has been used for detecting various research trends, such as research topics. The assessment of the current research in big data for the labour market has been compiled to detect the research gaps and generate future research directions.

The key to the human resource management progress from a traditional to a strategic function is implementing information technology (IT) solutions, enabling fast, accurate, and effective decision making. The trends are certainly going in that direction ; since Human Resources Information System (HRIS) has proven to be one of the widely used tools in organizations at the beginning of this century. This study’s objective is to determine the characteristics of the companies according to their usage of HRIS. The following characteristics were investigated: the company’s size (measured in the number of employees), size of the market at which the company operates, growth of the market at which the company operates, and company industry. The logistic regression model was developed to investigate to what extent the characteristics mentioned above impact the decision of the company to use HRIS. The results indicate that size, market size, and market growth impact the decision to use HRIS, while there were no differences according to industry types.

Data mining has become the omnipresent requirement in the business environment of abundant data. At the beginning of data mining development, the one- solution approach was mostly used. In the last 20 years, mostly due to the development of various educational programs and the availability of open- source software, data mining has evolved into a mature-leveled software solution that does not necessarily require high-level expertise since numerous prototype solutions have emerged. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are still lagging behind large companies in data mining implementation, which raises the question of the determinants of data mining adoption. This paper aims to test the preliminary model of data mining adoption using the Technology-Organization- Environment framework. The survey on the sample of Italian SMEs was conducted to test the model, and the collected company data was analyzed using the PLS-SEM approach.

Human resources have nowadays been recognized as one of the most important key competitive advantages of organizations. Human resources management deals with the recruitment, selection and training of the best candidates for a particular job position. Although training has significant influence on the performance of employees, recruitment and selection still remain the crucial steps, since they ensures the employment of the best candidates that are later further trained more easily. The goal of the paper is to explore if special characteristics of candidates for employment in the banking industry could be used for predicting their future success at work. Real-life data from a Croatian bank’s employee database are used for analysis, with the total sample of 1659 candidates tested for the purpose of employment. Results of the multiple regression analysis indicate that the following characteristics are important at forecasting an employee's success at work in the banking sector: cognitive ability, reasoning, dominance, social boldness, sensitivity, openness to change, warmth, and emotional stability. Therefore, as the best practice for recruitment, the use of the Profile of a quality candidate in banking is proposed. The use of such a profile would assure a more effective acquisition of quality candidates from corporate side, but also, a better professional orientation process during the education of young people who will enter the labor market in the future periods.

According to Kotler, Kartajaya, and Setiawan, there are five components of marketing 5.0: it is data-driven, predictive, contextual, augmented, and agile. This paper uses the case study method to investigate the presence of the 5.0 marketing components in promotional strategies employed by the South Korean popular music industry. The paper explores promotional strategies used by the BTS music group in particular. The group uses the 5.0 marketing method in its promotional strategies, especially in communication with the fans, and such communication thus enters the field of public relations. The case study analysis also indicates the use of data-driven marketing and predictive analytics, which are achieved using artificial intelligence. Additionally, elements of contextual marketing were used to improve the consumer experience, and augmented marketing was utilized to facilitate business, especially for front office staff. Finally, the analysis of BTS's promotional strategies shows a focus on innovation and flexibility, which are elements of agile marketing.

The paper intends to scrutinize the effects of augmented (AR) reality and virtual reality (VR) technology implementation in cultural tourism. Therefore, the paper explored and presented the following: (i) AR, and VR (AR/VR) based technology concept in general, (ii) AR/VR technologies application in cultural tourism with an emphasis on their potential to protect cultural heritage; (iii) the overview of AR/VR presence in cultural tourism in the 27 European Union countries (EU-27). In the discussion part, besides empirical results based on the EU-27 desk research, AR/VR technologies in cultural tourism are additionally reconsidered from the aspect of climate change. In conclusion, what is encouraged is the application of AR/VR in cultural tourism due to the benefits AR and VR bring in terms of (i) delivering quite substantial content to their visitors any time from any place, (ii) reducing the negative impact of tourism on cultural heritage and (iii) developing related strategies based on more sustainable principles and concepts. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

In order to apply the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) in practice, the estimation of the market portfolio presents one of the biggest challenges. Even more so after the work of Haugen and Baker (1991) and Grinold (1992), who pointed out that the stock market capitalisation-weighted indices are mean- variance inefficient. In the paper we perform in-sample optimisation for the CROBEX index constituents in order to test its efficiency ex post. Selected CROBEX index revisions in the period 2005-2017 are analysed. We find the index to be inefficient just as its’ developed market counterparts ; and as suggested in earlier research for the Croatian equity market by Zoričić et al. (2014). Based on the results we calculate indifference level of transaction costs for selected efficient portfolios in order to compare improvement in efficiency to increase in turnover in relation to the cap-weighted benchmark index. Instead of limiting research efforts to maximum Sharpe ratio and minimum variance portfolios, we further test other efficient portfolios obtained by using the Luenberger shortage function in order to provide a more detailed assessment of the efficient frontier portfolios for the analysed data samples. Also, since mean-variance optimisation often yields extreme portfolio weights thus reducing the effective number of stocks in portfolio, the possibility of improving the efficiency while maintaining the diversification level was tested. Results show that imposing the required constraints significantly reducesin-sample efficiency which has considerable implications regarding the attempts to estimate efficient portfolios out-of-sample in an undeveloped market.

Ethics has become professional imperative in public relations field, whereby unethical action is not any more considered as integral characteristic of public relations (PR) professionals, especially among scholars and practitioners. However, the question what if public relations professionals really violate ethical standards did not disappear, and concerns every instance linked to the PR-sector. In other words, the question is what disciplinary measures can be taken against the member of PR-associations. This study, based on a qualitative content analysis of websites and statutes of 20 national and international public relations associations from Europe and the US, shows what mechanisms exist in the associations to sanction the unethical behaving of their members. The analysis showed that, unlike international associations that do not take disciplinary action, although the majority of associations has bodies that could provide disciplinary measures (which includes expulsion from membership), only four associations give clear instructions how to make complaints if unethical behaving is detected, and, furthermore, only three associations indicate the consequences of unethical action by publishing judgments on a regular basis. Although the ethics is recognized as crucial principle at declarative level among all associations, efforts of some associations to establish disciplinary committees and to provide real sanctions of unethical professional behavior, can be considered as a progress in defining public relations as a profession with high ethical standards. This work is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Recent macroeconomic and demographic trends have resulted in new challenges for pension systems. One of these challenges is to create a sustainable pension system while simultaneously providing adequate pension benefits for current and future pensioners. This research explores how similar are pension systems of eleven European Union countries by using hierarchical cluster analysis for year 2016. Variables representing pension systems, as well as demographic, macroeconomic and labour market data were used to cluster these economies. Three clustering solutions were generated using hierarchical clustering approach, one for each variable group. Given the number of observed countries, only two cluster solutions were considered. According to the characteristics of the pension systems, countries that have greater problems of unsustainability are recognized. A similar group of countries also forms the cluster characterized by unfavourable demographic trends that make it more difficult to maintain sustainability. Romania stands out from other economies, based on macroeconomic indicators, as it recorded faster economic growth, greater labour productivity growth and lower unemployment rate in 2016. The findings of this study provide a guideline for future pension reforms, since they indicate which countries’ experience could be valuable in defining certain policy measures. This work is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

As an innovative approach to retail, mobile commerce develops rapidly during last decade. It brings new challenges and opportunities in front of retailers who have to adapt their business strategies to new generation shoppers. With a good understanding of the shoppers’ online purchase intention, retailers are able to develop effective online strategies to attract new and keep loyal web-shopping customers. The purpose of this paper is to explain the online shopping orientation in the context of country of origin. There is a limited number of such research in Central and Eastern Europe, so there is a lack of knowledge about young consumers from this region and their attitude as mobile technology users. The article is based on the research conducted in Poland, Croatia and Serbia where 454 young non randomly selected respondents answered online survey questions. The research hypotheses were tested using correlation and non-parametric statistics. Differences between observed countries suggest that there is a necessity to adapt approach concerning online retailing even at the market with similar characteristics. Therefore, creators of marketing and sales strategies of online and omnichannel companies should consider this fact when planning business strategies. This work is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

The acceleration of the business environment often does not leave individuals sufficient amount of time and space to establish meaningful connections - especially among the manager's population. Although the emphasis is placed on the fact that people are the most valuable resource for organizations, the increasingly present superficial connections among colleagues do not support it. Therefore, in the context of the mentioned changes, it should be emphasized that it is not enough to pay attention only to the development of cognitive knowledge that an individual possesses and for which there are numerous programs for improvement; but rather to focus more on the emotions of individuals. In addition, in today's organizations emotionally intelligent leaders are needed more than ever. Their modus operandi should be the implementation of emotional intelligence model into organizations in an authentic way, creating organizations of the future. The aforementioned authenticity in incorporating an emotional intelligence model can help organizations achieve their full potential. Otherwise, elements of the emotional intelligence model represent nothing more than a manipulation tool for individuals to achieve their own goals, and the progress of the organization is fading away. For the purpose of this paper, managers and employees of various organizations in Croatia were surveyed in order to determine the level of emotional intelligence and its relationship to the style of leadership. This work is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Daily use of mobile devices has become one of many living standards. The number of Internet users is increasing annually. Along with the mobile devices rising number, the need for responsive design also rises. The purpose of this research is threefold: firstly, to clarify, secondly, to explore, and thirdly, to discuss the role of mobile Internet in achieving tourism, particularly hotel strategic goals. The elaboration will be based on the mobile internet traffic history, in Croatia and globally. In the accordance with the above stated the authors collected the relevant data sample. Examples are: website visits, websites user conversions, share of realized reservations and transactions made on the websites via mobile devices to verify the significance of mobile Internet traffic for the tourism business. The research findings have the potential to contribute to the tourism manager’s level of awareness regarding the role of mobile internet in tourism and hotel business. As additional contribution, it will be discussed the forthcoming perspectives of the mobile internet traffics and mobile internet future trend. This work is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Development and usage of information and communication technology (ICT) is continuously growing in the last 30 years. The main reason is that ICT has a great potential to improve the efficiency of business processes, to increase the competitiveness, but also to facilitate and drive innovations. Innovation has become a crucial factor for the economic development and ICT offer great opportunities in supporting innovation activities. The goal of the paper is to identify the influence of the usage of the ICT on the innovation activities in European countries. Data for the period of five years (2007-2011) were collected from the European statistical database – Eurostat and Global Competitiveness Report. In order to investigate the ICT impact on the Innovation and sophistication factor subindex of the European countries, we conducted a panel regression analysis. Research results showed that ICT support innovation activities. However, the ICT has the highest impact on the 11thpillar: Business sophistication of the Global Competitiveness Index. This work is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Maternity support varies among the European Union countries, but with shared goals such as improving natality, gender equality, fostering employment and maintaining incomes. Objective of the research is to identify clusters of countries regarding the maternity support policies on the trail of Esping-Andersen’s categorisation of welfare states. Twelve indicators are used to capture the following three dimensions of the variety of the maternity support: design of public policies, their generosity and national context (economic performance, education and poverty levels, inequality, etc.). By using clustering methods and principal component analysis, the results suggest four regional/cultural clusters. Additionally, the proposed clusters are used to analyse the differences among countries in fertility levels, mothers’ employment rates and gender gap in human development. Results are not definite, but do indicate that fertility levels are higher in economically stronger clusters, while lower gender gaps could be attributed to longer and better paid parental leaves.