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Resumen Introducción: El Tumor inflamatorio de Pott es una complicación rara de una patología frecuente, como son los cuadros infecciosos sinusales, cada vez más inusual por el uso extendido de antibióticos de amplio espectro, es más frecuente en la población adolescente por la neumatización similar al adulto. Se presenta como un aumento de volumen blando a nivel frontal con una osteomielitis del hueso frontal y un absceso subperióstico. Materiales y métodos: En este trabajo, se presenta una revisión bibliográfica del tema y un caso de un paciente de 9 años, quien cursó con un cuadro infeccioso sinusal, que posterior desarrollo un aumento de volumen frontal, mostrando las imágenes perioperatorias e intraoperatorias. Discusión y conclusión: El absceso subperióstico secundario a la sinusitis, es una complicación rara. Sin embargo, se debe pensar en el diagnostico en pacientes de evolución tórpida y/o que presentan sintomatología neurológica, como convulsiones, se debe completar el estudio con neuroimagen contrastada.

El objetivo de este estudio retrospectivo fue determinar la frecuencia de neoplasias en la glándula mamaria de caninos cuyo diagnóstico histopatológico se realizó en el Laboratorio de Histología, Embriología y Patología Animal de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos partir de los informes recopilados de 2007 hasta 2016, tomándose en cuenta las variables sexo, raza, edad, ubicación y diagnósticos histopatológicos. Las láminas fueron clasificadas según el sistema establecido por Goldschmidt et al. (2011). El total de procesos neoplásicos en caninos fue 1599, donde 359 correspondieron a neoplasias de glándula mamaria (22.4 ± 2.04% IC0.95). Las hembras fueron las más afectadas (98%), mientras que la proporción de canes mestizos afectados fue de 32%. El 68% se presentó en razas puras, principalmente Cocker (13%), Bóxer (5.9%), Labrador (5.4%) y Yorkshire (4.5%). Canes de 10 años fueron los más afectados (17.7%), siendo el estrato etario entre 9 y 12 años el más afectado (49.3%). El 60.6% de las neoplasias mamarias se presentaron en la cuarta y quinta glándula mamaria. El 94.7%, de los tumores mamarios presentaron características histológicas malignas, siendo el carcinoma papilar quístico el tipo histopatológico más frecuente (42.8%), seguido por carcinoma tubular (13.9%).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of probiotic as zinc-bacitracin substitutes in the productive performance and intestinal morphology of fattening guinea pigs. Fifty weaned male guinea pigs were randomly distributed into five treatments consisting of supplementation with 0, 1, 2 and 3 ml of the probiotic "Guinea Pig Biomodulator" and an additional treatment with zinc-bacitracin. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion during 70 days of growth, and intestinal morphology variables: villus length and width, Lieberkühn crypt depth, and villus length/crypt depth ratio were evaluated in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Increasing probiotic levels linearly improved (p=0.008) feed conversion rate but had no effect on the other productivity components. In the intestine, only the length/depth relationship in the ileum was positively affected (p=0.026) by the probiotic. It is concluded that there is no consistent effect of the probiotic on weight gain or on the intestinal morphology of fattening guinea pigs., El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de niveles crecientes de probiótico como sustitutos de zinc-bacitracina en el comportamiento productivo y la morfología intestinal de cuyes de engorde. Cincuenta cuyes machos destetados fueron distribuidos al azar en cinco tratamientos consistentes en la suplementación con 0, 1, 2 y 3 ml de probiótico “Biomodulador de cuyes” y un tratamiento adicional con zinc-bacitracina. Se evaluó la ganancia de peso, el consumo de alimento y la conversión alimenticia durante 70 días de crecimiento, y las variables de morfología intestinal: longitud y ancho de vellosidades, profundidad de la cripta de Lieberkühn y la relación longitud de vellosidades/profundidad de criptas en el duodeno, yeyuno e íleon. Los niveles crecientes del probiótico redujeron linealmente (p=0.008) el índice de conversión alimenticia, pero no tuvieron efecto en los otros componentes de la productividad. En el intestino, solo la relación longitud/profundidad en el íleon fue afectada (p=0.026) positivamente por el probiótico. Se concluye que no existe un efecto consistente del probiótico en la ganancia de peso ni en la morfología intestinal de cuyes de engorde.

Different theories concerning the origin of RNA (and, in particular, mRNA) point to the concatenation and expansion of proto-tRNA−like structures. Different biochemical and biophysical tools have been used to search for ancient-like RNA elements with a specific structure in genomic viral RNAs, including that of the hepatitis C virus, as well as in cellular mRNA populations, in particular those of human hepatocytes. We define this method as “archaeological,” and it has been designed to discover evolutionary patterns through a nonphylogenetic and nonrepresentational strategy. tRNA-like elements were found in structurally or functionally relevant positions both in viral RNA and in one of the liver mRNAs examined, the antagonist interferon-alpha subtype 5 (IFNA5) mRNA. Additionally, tRNA-like elements are highly represented within the hepatic mRNA population, which suggests that they could have participated in the formation of coding RNAs in the distant past. Expanding on this finding, we have observed a recurring dsRNA-like motif next to the tRNA-like elements in both viral RNAs and IFNA5 mRNA. This suggested that the concatenation of these RNA motifs was an activity present in the RNA pools that might have been relevant in the RNA world. The extensive alteration of sequences that likely triggered the transition from the predecessors of coding RNAs to the first fully functional mRNAs (which was not the case in the stepwise construction of noncoding rRNAs) hinders the phylogeny-based identification of RNA elements (both sequences and structures) that might have been active before the advent of protein synthesis. Therefore, our RNA archaeological method is presented as a way to better understand the structural/functional versatility of a variety of RNA elements, which might represent “the losers” in the process of RNA evolution as they had to adapt to the selective pressures favoring the coding capacity of the progressively longer mRNAs.

The emergence of resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) can compromise the high efficacy of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Little is known about RASs selection at very early time points during DAA treatment. Therefore, we analyzed the potential emergence of RASs immediately after therapy initiation. Samples of 71 patients treated with different DAAs were collected at baseline, during therapy (hours 4 and 8; days 1-7; weeks 2-4) or until target not detected. HCV-RNA levels were determined by qPCR, and RASs were detected by deep sequencing. Sixty-three (89%) patients achieved a sustained virological response (SVR), 7 (10%) relapsed, and 1 (1%) experienced a breakthrough. Almost all non-SVR (7/8, 88%) showed RASs either at baseline or relapse. High-frequency RASs detected at baseline (Y93H and L159F+C316N) remained detectable at early time points during therapy and reappeared as most prevalent substitutions at relapse. Conversely, emergent RASs at relapse (Q80R, D168E/V, R155K and L31V) were not observed during the first hours-days, before HCV-RNA became undetectable. HCV-RNA decay and genetic evolution of the quasispecies followed a similar pattern during the first hours of therapy in SVR and non-SVR patients. In conclusion, the absence of early RASs selection and the similar dynamics of HCV kinetics and quasispecies in SVR and non-SVR patients after therapy initiation suggest that RASs selection may occur at later stages in the remaining reservoir, where viral populations persist hidden at very low replication levels. Nevertheless, we cannot completely exclude very early selection, when RASs are present below the sensitivity limit of deep sequencing.

Trabajo presentado en el 3rd Geant4 International User Conference at the Physics, Medicine, Biology frontier, celebrado en Bordeaux (Francia), del 29 al 31 de octubre de 2018, This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 675265, OMA – Optimization of Medical Accelerators, and from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under grant No FPA2016- 77689-C2-1-R. The Monte Carlo simulations were carried out at the FIS-ATOM cluster hosted at CICA (Seville, Spain).

Se evaluo un nuevo programa de vacunacion contra la Enfermedad Infecciosa de la Bursa que contenia la vacuna complejo virus-anticuerpo en comparacion con un programa tradicional bajo condiciones de campo. En cada grupo se utilizo 21,800 pollos de engorde de ambos sexos de la linea Cobb Vantress 500. El grupo experimental recibio un complejo virus-anticuerpo en la planta de incubacion a los 18 dias de desarrollo embrionario, y el grupo control recibio dos vacunas a virus vivo, Bursine®2 y Bursa Blen, administradas por agua de bebida a los 8 y 19 dias de edad, respectivamente. Se determino en forma semanal y hasta los 47 dias de edad, en ambos grupos, el peso corporal, indice de conversion alimenticia (ICA), indice de eficiencia productiva europeo (IEPE), mortalidad, indice bursal, lesiones histopatologicas y niveles de anticuerpos contra el VEIB. Las aves del grupo experimental tuvieron un mejor peso corporal a los 47 dias de edad (p

Se evaluó el desarrollo anátomo-histopatológico de la bursa, timo y bazo de pollos de carne criados en cama nueva y cama reutilizada por cinco campañas. Se criaron 250 pollos machos de la línea Ross 308, la mitad en cama nueva y la otra mitad en cama reutilizada. Semanalmente, se determinaron los índices morfométricos de bursa, timo y bazo, y la relación entre bursa y bazo por grupo. Los órganos linfoides fueron evaluados mediante histopatología, y los títulos de anticuerpos contra las enfermedades de Gumboro, Newcastle, Bronquitis Infecciosa, Anemia Infecciosa y Reovirus, al inicio y final de la crianza (49 días), se determinaron por la prueba de ELISA. Se encontró diferencia estadística (p, The anatomo-histopathological development of the bursa, thymus and spleen of broiler chickens raised in new and reused litter through five campaigns was evaluated. Two hundred and fifty male chickens of the Ross 308 line were raised, half in new and half in reused litter. On a weekly basis, the morphometric indexes of bursa, thymus and spleen, and the relation bursa/spleen were recorded. The lymphoid organs were evaluated by histopathology and ELISA test was used to determine antibody titres for Gumboro, Newcastle, Infectious Bronchitis, Infectious Anemia, and Reovirus at the beginning and end of the study (49 days). Statistical difference was found (p

The objective of the present study was to determine the normal hematological values and renal biochemistry of the adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) reared in captivity. Blood samples were collected in 25 animals. The deers were anesthetized with two chemical methods of restraint (ketamina 7 mg/kg; ketamina 4 mg/kg and xilacina 1 mg/ kg) without significant difference between both methods in relation to hematological and biochemistry values. In the erythrocytic series, the number of red cells was 10.12 x 106/μl, hemoglobin was 9.5 g/dl, hematocrit was 28.9%, and the erythocytic indexes were VCM = 28.8 fL, HCM = 9.6 pg, CHCM = 33.2 g/dl, without differences due to sex. The number of leukocytes was statistical different (p

El objetivo del presente estudio fue visualizar y caracterizar las Regiones Organizadoras Nucleolares Argénticas (AgNORs) en células neoplásicas del tumor venéreo transmisible (TVT) de caninos a través de la impregnación con nitrato de plata. Se trabajó con una muestra tomada al azar de tejido parafinado de 30 caninos diagnosticados histológicamente (con coloración de Hematoxilina y Eosina) como TVT canino entre el 2000 al 2006. En 100 células por muestra se visualizó la presencia y ubicación de los AgNORs en las células neoplásicas. Se encontró un número medio de AgNORs por célula de 1.53, por núcleo de 0.91 y por nucléolo de 0.62. La distribución de los AgNORs en el total de células evaluadas fue de 60.7% (1821/3000) en el núcleo, 34.3% (1029/3000) en el nucléolo y 5% (150/3000) en ambas estructuras. The objective of the present study was to visualize and characterize the Nucleolar Organizer Regions (AgNORs) in Cells of Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT) in the canine through the impregnation with silver nitrate. One sample was collected at random from paraffin tissue of 30 canine tissue samples that were histological diagnosed (using Hematoxylin and Eosin stain) as TVT during the period of 2000-2006. The AgNORs were visualized and localized in 100 cells per sample. The average number of AgNORs per cell was 1.53, per cell nucleus was 90.91 and per nucleolus was 0.62. The distribution of AgNORs in the total number of cells was 60.7% (1821/ 3000) in the nucleus, 34.3% (1029/ 3000) in the nucleolus, and 5% (150/3000) in both structures.

Antecedentes: El embarazo ectópico (EE) se produce cuando el blastocisto se implanta en un sitio distinto al endometrio de la cavidad uterina, siendo el sitio más frecuente las trompas de Falopio. Objetivo: Conocer la incidencia y caracterizar el perfl de las pacientes con EE desde el punto de vista clínico, médico, quirúrgico y obstétrico. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico. La muestra fue obtenida a través de un muestreo no probabilístico consecutivo, obteniendo una muestra fnal de 70 pacientes. Resultados: El promedio de edad materna fue 30,6 años. El 78,6% eran multíparas y 90% no usaban ningún método anticonceptivo. El 85,7% no tenían antecedentes de cirugías previas y el 91,4% no presentó antecedentes mórbidos. El 5,7% tenía antecedentes de proceso infamatorio pélvico, 18,5% tabaquismo, 12,9% abortos previos, 14,3% embarazo ectópico anterior. El manejo fue quirúrgico en 95,7%. El 78,6% presentó alguna complicación asociada, siendo la más frecuente el hematosalpinx. Conclusión: Los antecedentes epidemiológicos y clínicos de nuestra experiencia fueron concordantes con los registrados en la literatura y avalan nuestra conducta quirúrgica. Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) occurs when the developing blastocyst becomes implanted at a site other than the endometrium of the uterine cavity. The most common extra-uterine location is the fallopian tube. Objective: The aim of our study is to know the incidence and the clinical, medical, obstetric and surgical profle of patients with EP. Method: An observational analytic study was made with a fnal sample of 70 patients. Results: Mean age was 30.6 years old, 78.6 % were multiparas and 90% didn’t use any contraceptive method. 85% had no history of previous surgery and 91.4% had no morbid background. 7.5% had history of pelvic infammatory disease, 18.5% smoked, 12.9% had previous abortion and 14.3% previous EP. The management was surgical in 95% of patients; 78.6% presented an associated complication, being hema-tosalpinx the most often. Conclusion: The epidemiological and clinical background of our experience was consistent with those reported in the literature and guarantees our surgical treatment.

During viral infections, the complex and dynamic distributions of variants, termed viral quasispecies, play a key role in the adaptability of viruses to changing environments and the fate of the population as a whole. Mutant spectra are continuously and avoidably generated during RNA genome replication, and they are not just a by-product of error-prone replication, devoid of biological relevance. On the contrary, current evidence indicates that mutant spectra contribute to viral pathogenesis, can modulate the expression of phenotypic traits by subpopulations of viruses, can include memory genomes that reflect the past evolutionary history of the viral lineage, and, furthermore, can participate in viral extinction through lethal mutagenesis. Also, mutant spectra are the target on which selection and random drift act to shape the long-term evolution of viruses. The biological relevance of mutant spectra is the central topic of this chapter.

Una hembra Golden Retriever de 3 meses de edad fue llevada en abril del 2002 a un consultorio particular para su evaluación debido a un repentino ataque convulsivo. El animal fue tratado durante dos semanas con suero y antibióticos. Los signos clínicos más notorios fueron vómitos, diarrea sanguinolenta, anorexia, disnea, y polidipsia. En el examen físico, la perra mostraba crecimiento retardado, estaba deprimida, deshidratada, con membranas mucosas pálidas y con temperatura rectal de 36.4 °C. Se tomaron muestras para hemograma y bioquímica sanguínea. Los resultados indicaron una severa azotemia, hiperfosfatemia, hipocalcemia y anemia no regenerativa. La condición del animal siguió empeorando y falleció a los tres días de iniciado un nuevo tratamiento., Juvenile nepropathy was diagnosed in a female Golden Retriever of three months of age, with clinical signs compatible with chronic renal failure. The diagnosis was based on the presence of persistent poorly differentiated renal tissue (immature glomeruli and tubules, and persistent mesenchyme) on histopathological examination.

The influence of quasispecies dynamics on long-term virus diversification in nature is a largely unexplored question. Specifically, whether intra-host nucleotide and amino acid variation in quasispecies fit the variation observed in consensus sequences or data bank alignments is unknown. Genome conservation and dynamics simulations are used for the computational design of universal vaccines, therapeutic antibodies and pan-genomic antiviral agents. The expectation is that selection of escape mutants will be limited when mutations at conserved residues are required. This strategy assumes long-term (epidemiologically relevant) conservation but, critically, does not consider short-term (quasispecies-dictated) residue conservation. We calculated mutant frequencies of individual loci from mutant spectra of hepatitis C virus (HCV) populations passaged in cell culture and from infected patients. Nucleotide or amino acid conservation in consensus sequences of the same populations, or in the Los Alamos HCV data bank did not match residue conservation in mutant spectra. The results relativize the concept of sequence conservation in viral genetics and suggest that residue invariance in data banks is an insufficient basis for the design of universal viral ligands for clinical purposes. Our calculations suggest relaxed mutational restrictions during quasispecies dynamics, which may contribute to higher calculated short-term than long-term viral evolutionary rates. The research at Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM) (CBMSO) was funded by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO), grant numbers SAF2014-52400-R and SAF2017-87846-R, and by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (MCIU), grant number BFU2017-91384-EXP, and by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, grant number PI18/00210, and by PLATESA from Comunidad de Madrid/FEDER, grant numbers S2013/ABI-2906 and S2018/BAA-4370. C.P. is supported by the Miguel Servet program of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CP14/00121 and CPII19/00001) cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). CIBERehd (Centro de Investigacion en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas) is funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Institutional grants from the Fundacion Ramon Areces and Banco Santander to the CBMSO are also acknowledged. The research at Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), grant number PI19/00301 and by the Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnologico Industrial (CDTI) from the MCIU, grant number IDI-20151125. The research at Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB) was supported by MINECO, grant numbers BIO2016-79618R and PID2019-104903RB-I00 (funded by EU under the FEDER program) and by the Spanish State research agency (AEI), grant number MDM-2017-0737 (Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu"-Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC-INTA). C.G.-C. is supported by predoctoral contract PRE2018-083422 from MCIU. B.M.-G. is supported by predoctoral contract PFIS FI19/00119 from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo) cofinanced by Fondo Social Europeo (FSE); With funding from the Spanish government through the "María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (MDM-2017-0737) Peer review