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Lichens were investigated in Brazil in a small area along the Roosevelt river in Amazonas; 26 species are first reports for Brazil, and 192 additional species are first records for Amazonas state. As many as 24 species are described as new to science: Allographa lineatipruinosa, Allographa variopruinata, Arthonia xanthopycnidiata, Astrothelium aurantioseptemseptatum, Astrothelium bulbosum, Astrothelium coloratum, Astrothelium inspersonovemseptatum, Astrothelium insulare, Astrothelium laureroides, Astrothelium marjoleinae, Astrothelium meandratum, Astrothelium multireflexum, Astrothelium myopicum, Astrothelium parabathelium, Astrothelium stellare (also known from Mato Grosso state), Astrothelium suprainspersum, Astrothelium xanthocavatum, Ocellularia fuscolichexanthonica, Ocellularia lichexanthocavata, Pertusaria amazonica, Phaeographis xantholirellinata, Porina ramiisidiata, Pseudopyrenula connexa, and Sprucidea squamulosa.

Pertusaria inopinata Erichsen (= Lepra excludens (Nyl.) Hafellner), P. jurana Erichsen (= Lepra albescens (Huds.) Hafellner) and P. jurana var. confluens Erichsen (= Ochrolechia turneri (Sm.) Hasselrot) are synonymized based on results from comparison of morphology and secondary compound chemistry of type material. Lectotypes are selected for Pertusaria inopinata and P. jurana.

Two new phenolic compounds, methyl 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-(2-oxopentyl)-benzoate (1) and 4-methoxy-6-pentyl-1,2-dihydroxybenzene (2), together with two known phenolic derivatives, were isolated from the Antarctic lichen Pertusaria dactylina (Pertusariaceae). The structures of the new compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR and HR-MS experiments, as well as by comparison of their data with the published values.

—Great Smoky Mountains National Park is renowned as one of the most biologically diverse tracts of land in North America and is the most visited national park in the United States. The park comprises ∼830 square miles, epitomizes eastern temperate hardwood forests of North America, and serves as a refuge for nearly 20,000 documented species from microbes to plants and mammals. Lichens comprise one particularly diverse group of organisms in the park. In this study, we review data from our 11 years of lichenological research in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Based on approximately 6,000 new field collections generated, the park checklist now includes 920 species, a 129% increase over estimates made two decades ago. Nearly a quarter of the lichens reported in the park are known from only a single occurence whereas only 7% of the lichens are known from 20 or more occurences. An assessment of commonness/rarity for all 920 species indicates that nearly half of the park's lichens should be considered to be infrequent, rare, or exceptionally rare. We assessed the distributions of all 920 species and found that 54 are endemic to the southeastern United States, 30 are endemic to the southern Appalachians, and eight occur nowhere else than within the confines of the national park. We discuss biogeographical affinities of the park's lichen biota as a whole, delimiting six regional “floristic” connections. Our 11 years of research have resulted in the discovery of several species presumed to be extinct or near-extinct. We make one new combination (Fuscopannaria frullaniae) and describe five species as new to science, each commemorating National Park Service staff instrumental to the completion of the study: Heterodermia langdoniana, Lecanora darlingiae, Lecanora sachsiana, Leprocaulon nicholsiae, and Pertusaria superiana.

Endolichenic fungi, nonobligate microfungi that live in lichen, are promising as new bioresources of pharmacological compounds. We found that norlichexanthone isolated from the endolichenic fungus in Pertusaria laeviganda exhibited high antioxidant activity. Norlichexanthone produced by endolichenic fungus had the antioxidant activity with same level of ascorbic acid. This is the first report of high antioxidant activity of norlichexanthone. Abbreviations: AAPH: 2,2ʹ-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride; DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; FL: fluorescein sodium salt; HPLC-PDA: high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array; LC-ESI-MS: liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; ORAC: oxygen radical absorbance capacity; PB: phosphate buffer; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TLC: thin-layer chromatography

Eleven new species of crustose, lichenized fungi are described from the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas). Nine species are saxicolous, whereasLecania vermisporaoccurs on the stems ofHebe ellipticaandTephromela lignicolais lignicolous on fence posts. The new species are:Bacidia marina, with a sordid blue-green K−, N+ violet epihymenium and acicular, multiseptate ascospores;B. pruinata, with pruinose apothecia and multiseptate ascospores;Buellia gypsyensis, with a thallus containing 5-O-methylhiascic acid and withAmandinea-type conidia;Cliostomum albidum, with pruinose apothecia lacking pigments;C. longisporum, with long narrow ascospores (c.20 × 3 µm);Coccotrema rubromarginatum, with a placodioid thallus having a red-brown margin and lower surface;Hymenelia microcarpa, with minute, immersed apothecia (Lecania vermispora, with vermiform, 3–6 septate ascospores;Lepra argentea, with papillate isidia with dark caps;Rhizocarpon malvinae, which is similar toR. reductumbut with a grey thallus, generally sessile apothecia with a thick raised margin and often with the Cinereorufa-green pigment in the epithecium and upper exciple; andTephromela lignicola,a sterile, sorediate species on fence posts. Most of these species are reported only from the Falkland Islands althoughCoccotrema rubromarginatumis also reported from Isla de los Estados and Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Ascoconidia are reported fromLepra argenteaand cephalodia fromPertusaria pachythallina.Keys to the species reported from the Falkland Islands in the genera of the newly described species are also provided.

Pertusaria jurana var. confluens Erichsen (1935 [1936]: 678) Type:���[Switzerland] SCHWEIZ, Jura, Neuenburg, an Wegulmen bei Buttes, 800 m., 03.10.1928, leg. E. Frey (367) (holotype HBG!). Figure 3. The thallus of the type specimen of Pertusaria jurana var. confluens in HBG is quite thick, whitish-grey and sorediate, with a whitish to brownish prothallus. Soralia are grey-whitish, abundant, orbicular to irregular, discrete, and separated from each other (see Sipman 2006) (Figure 3). The presence of variolaric acid has been detected by TLC. The type specimen Pertusaria jurana var. confluens is morphologically and chemically concordant with Ochrolechia turneri (Smith 1801: 857) Hasselrot (1945: 130) (Kukwa 2011). Therefore it should be treated as a synonym of the latter name (Turland et al. 2018). According to Kukwa (2011) there are two other corticolous and sorediate Ochrolechia species with variolaric acid, O. alboflavescens (Wulfen, in Jacquin 1791 [1789]: 111) Zahlbruckner (1927 [1926]: 94) and O. microstictoides R��s��nen (1936: 226), which resemble O. turneri. Ochrolechia albofavescens has often well-separated soralia, like O. turneri, but it contains in addition to variolaric acid also fatty acids, lichesterinic and protolichesterinic acids. Ochrolechia microstictoides is very variable in thallus morphology, but in general its soralia are irregular and often confluent, but can be distinguished by the presence of lichesterinic acid, which is produced in addition to variolaric acid (Kukwa 2011). Another species which may produce variolaric acid is Varicellaria hemisphaerica (Fl��rke 1815: 6) I. Schmitt & Lumbsch in Schmitt et al. (2012: 29). The species is characterized by the pale bluish-grey tinged thallus with an often broad white margin and conspicuous, paler or concolorous, convex soralia. It can be, however, easily differentiated by the presence of lecanoric acid giving C+ carmine red reaction of soralia (T��nsberg 1992; Chambers et al. 2009; Schmitt et al. 2012)., Published as part of Oset, Magdalena, 2021, On the identity of some taxa of Pertusaria (lichens) described by C. F. E. Erichsen, pp. 165-171 in Phytotaxa 497 (2) on page 169, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.497.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/5423923, {"references":["Erichsen, C. F. E. (1935 [1936]) Pertusariacae. In: Zahlbruckner, A. (ed.) Dr. L. Rabenhorsts Kryptogamenflora von Deutchland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Leipzig, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft. 9 (5) [1]: 321 - 701.","Erichsen, C. F. E. (1936) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flechtengattung Pertusaria. Feddes Repertorium 41: 77 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19360410105","Sipman, H. J. M. (2006) Compiled identification key to the genus Pertusaria and some confusable taxa in Europe and the Mediterranean. Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Freie Universitat Berlin.","Smith, J. E. (1801) English Botany, or Coloured Figures of British Plants with their Essential Characters, Synonymes and Places of Growth; to which will be added occasional remarks by James Edward Smith. The figures by James Sowerby. Vol. 12. London, Taylor & Co, pp. 793 - 864.","Hasselrot, T. E. (1945) Fynd av sallsynta eller forbisedda lavar i Vastergotland. Svensk Botanisk Tidskriften 39: 125 - 136.","Kukwa, M. (2011) The lichen genus Ochrolechia in Europe. Fundacja Rozwoju Uniwersytetu Gdaniskiego, Gdansk, 309 pp.","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashutten: Koeltz Botanical Books. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018","Jacquin, N. J. (1791 [1789]) Collectanea ad Botanicam, Chemiam et historiam naturalem spectantia, cum tab. aen. Vol. III. Vienna.","Zahlbruckner, A. (1927 [1926]) Beitrage zur Flechtenflora Niederosterreichs. VIII. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in O ¨ sterreich 76: 76 - 101.","Rasanen, V. (1936) Lichenes Fenniae Exsiccati a Museo Botanico Universitati Helsingiensis editi. Schedae ad fasciculos IV - VII (nr. 151 - 350). Helsinki, Botanical Museum of University of Helsinki.","Florke, H. G. (1815) Deutsche Lichenen 2: 6 (no. 29). Berlin.","Schmitt, I., Otte, J., Parnmen, S., Lucking, R., Lumbsch, H. T. (2012) A new circumscription of the genus Varicellaria (Pertusariales, Ascomycota). MycoKeys 4: 23 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / mycokeys. 4.3545","Tonsberg, T. (1992) The sorediate and isidiate, corticolous, crustose lichens in Norway. Sommerfeltia 14: 1 - 331.","Chambers, S. P., Gilbert, O. L., James, P. W., Aptroot, A. & Purvis, O. W. (2009) Pertusaria DC. (1805). In: Smith, C. W., Aptroot, A., Coppins, B. J., Fletcher, A., Gilbert, O. L., James, P. W. & Wolseley, P. A. (Eds.) The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. British Lichen Society, the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 673 - 687."]}

Pertusaria inopinata Erichsen (1936: 99) Type:���[GERMANY, Schleswig-Holstein] Bramsted, erratische Bl��cke bei Bim��hlen, auf einer Weide, 27.05.1915, leg. Erichsen (lectotype HBG ���designated here, Mycobank MB 10000452). Figure 1. The type specimen of Pertusaria inopinata is characterized by a hardly rimose, dark grey to olive-greenish, not areolated thallus, with numerous irregular, rounded, 0.2���0.3 mm wide, grey-whitish to olive-greenish soralia (Figure 1). According to Erichsen (1936) the thallus reacts P+ yellow, K+ yellow, C���and I���. Norstictic acid and traces of lecanoric and gyrophoric acids were detected by own chemical analyses. This name was reported from Denmark (S��chting & Alstrup 2002), Germany (Erichsen 1936) and Poland (Alstrup & Olech 1992). The type of Pertusaria inopinata is morphologically and chemically concordant with Lepra excludens (Nylander 1885: 296) Hafellner, in Hafellner & T��rk (2016: 172) (syn. Pertusaria excludens Nyl.). Therefore P. inopinata should be considered as a synonym of L. excludens. During herbarium studies three original specimen of P. inopinata were found in HBG, one collected by Erichsen and annotated as ���Typus��� consists of two pieces of stone with the same thallus (Figure 1). The other two were cited in the protologue, but collected by Lettau and Schade. All samples studied correspond in morphological and anatomical characters with the description provided by Erichsen (1936). The chemistry of the type specimen annotated as ���typus��� and other samples were checked by P. James and norstictic acid and traces of lecanoric and gyrophoric acid were detected (Hanko 1983). The presence of these secondary metabolites is confirmed by own research. Hanko (1983) cited as a ���typus��� the specimen collected by Schade (��� DDR. Sachsen: Leusitzer Niederung 7.1936, Schade, HBG-1213���), but the data presented by Hanko (1983: 201) do not match those given in the protologue by Erichsen (1936: 99), therefore, his typification cannot be considered effective, and consequently, a new lectotype of P. inopinata is designated (Turland et al. 2018). Syntypes of P.inopinata examined. [Germany] Th��ringen: Manebach im Th��ringer Wald, auf Porphyrsteinchen eines begrasten Waldweges, 750 m, leg. G. Lettau (HBG). [Sachsen] Krs. Bischofswerder, Oberputzkau, 325 m, 29.12.1936, leg. G. Schade (HBG)., Published as part of Oset, Magdalena, 2021, On the identity of some taxa of Pertusaria (lichens) described by C. F. E. Erichsen, pp. 165-171 in Phytotaxa 497 (2) on pages 166-167, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.497.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/5423923, {"references":["Erichsen, C. F. E. (1936) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flechtengattung Pertusaria. Feddes Repertorium 41: 77 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19360410105","Sochting, U. & Alstrup, V. (2002) Danish lichen checklist. Ver. 2. Botanical Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen.","Alstrup, V. & Olech, M. (1992) Checklist of the lichens of the Tatra National Park, Poland. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego, Prace botaniczne 24: 185 - 206.","Nylander, W. (1885) Addenda nova ad Lichenographiam europaeam. Contin. XLIV. Flora 68 (15): 295 - 301.","Hafellner, J. & Turk, R. (2016) Die lichenisierten Pilze Osterreichs-eine neue Checkliste der bisher nachgewiesenen Taxa mit Angaben zur Verbreitung und Substratokologie. Stapfia 104 (1): 1 - 216.","Hanko, B. (1983) Die Chemotypen der Flechtengattung Pertusaria in Europa. Bibliotheca Lichenologic 19: 1 - 297.","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashutten: Koeltz Botanical Books. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

The study of biodiversity of lichens in Hokkaido, Japan, revealed seven species of genus Pertusaria s. l., sixof which are new to the island or whole Japan. The full list of species of Pertusaria s. str. and Lepra known from Hokkaidocomprises 18 species.

Malicek, J., Palice, Z., Acton, A., Berger, F., Bouda, F., Sanderson, N. & Vondrak, J. 2018. Uholka primeval forest in the Ukrainian Carpathians — a keynote area for diversity of forest lichens in Europe. — Herzogia 31: 140–171.One of the largest European primeval forests, Uholka-Shyrokyi Luh in the Ukrainian Carpathians, has received increased attention in recent years. In spring 2015 we explored the lichen biota in the southern part of the reserve. Species richness of epiphytic and epixylic lichens presented in this paper far exceeds all numbers achieved in other Central European old-growth forests. In total, 370 lichenized and lichen-allied fungi and 30 lichenicolous fungi were recorded. We focused on forest lichens on organic substrata, inorganic substrata were largely ignored. Species composition in the Uholka forest includes many rare taxa and typical old-growth forest species: e.g. Cetrelia spp., Gyalecta spp., Leptogium saturninum, Lobaria pulmonaria, Ricasolia amplissima, Sclerophora farinacea, S. pallida, Thelopsis flaveola and T. rubella. Opegrapha fumosa, Pyrenula chlorospila and P. dermatodes represent oceanic species that are very rare outside western Europe. Biatora longispora, Calicium montanum, Menegazzia subsimilis, Micarea perparvula, Ochrolechia trochophora, Pyxine sorediata, Ramonia luteola and Thelotrema suecicum are examples of phytogeographically remarkable or generally very rare lichens. Thirty lichenized and ten lichenicolous fungi are new to Ukraine, including Biatora bacidioides and Pertusaria macounii not previously reported from Europe.

Kirschbaum, U. & Sipman, H. J. M. 2018. Lichen records from Northern Cyprus. – Herzogia 31: 245–251.Eighty-two taxa of lichenized fungi (lichenes) are reported from Northern Cyprus (Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus), mostly from the Besparmak Mountains. Of these, thirty-four taxa are new for the northern part of the island, and 14 are new for the whole island. The large number of widespread species among the new records suggests that many more widespread species may show up. An unusual substrate, calcareous rock, is reported for Buellia tesserata, Rhizocarpon macrosporum and Xanthoparmelia attica. Pertusaria rhodiensis was found for the first time outside the Aegean Sea region.

Nine species of lichens from Bahia are described as new: Arthonia saxistellata, Cladonia inflata, Cladonia lichexanthonica, Cladonia minisaxicola, Coniocarpon piccolioides, Pertusaria lichexanthofarinosa, Pertusaria lichexanthoimmersa, Pertusaria lichexanthoverrucosa and Physcia sorediiconvexa. Many of the new species contain lichexanthone in the cortex and the substance is reported for the first time from Cladonia.

Seven new species, Pertusaria albula, P. dharugensis, P. ochrodigitula, P. pinnaculata, P. placocarpa, P. puttyensis and P. scabrida from New South Wales are reported as new to science.

A new revised checklist of lichenized fungi in Thailand is presented, including 1,292 species. Recent work on the taxonomy of these organisms in Thailand resulted in an enormous increase in our knowledge of the lichen biota of the country – the current checklist includes more than twice as many species as the previous catalogue published 15 years ago – and phylogenetic studies resulted in numerous changes in the generic classification of lichenized fungi. Hence, a new checklist is here presented summarizing the current knowledge of lichens in Thailand. Six new records are reported, viz. Acanthothecis salazinica, Bactrospora metabola, Buellia parastata, Diploschistes cinereocaesius, Rolfidium coccocarpioides, and Trapelia placodioides. Five previously recorded species, namely Lecanora carpinea, Platismatia glauca, P. lacunosa, P. tuckermanii and Roccella phycopsis are shown to be based on misidentifications and are excluded from the checklist. Three new combinations of species previously placed in Pertusaria to Lepra are proposed: L. bulolensis (A.W.Archer, Elix & Streimann) Schmitt & Lumbsch, L. patellifera (A.W.Archer) Schmitt & Lumbsch, and L. subventosa (Malme) Schmitt & Lumbsch. Asia, biodiversity, lichens, new records, taxonomy

Schiefelbein, U., Brackel, W. v., Cezanne, R., Czarnota, P., Eckstein, J., Eichler, M., Kison, H.-U., Ungethum, K. & Stordeur, R. 2017. Trimmatostroma arctoparmeliae sp. nov. and noteworthy records of lichenized, lichenicolous and allied fungi from the Harz Mountains and surrounding regions. — Herzogia 30: 80–102.Fifty-nine species (21 lichens, 37 lichenicolous fungi and one non-lichenized fungus) are reported as new or noteworthy from the Harz Mountains in north-central Germany. Trimmatostroma arctoparmeliae (on Arctoparmelia incurva) is described as new, Lasiosphaeriopsis lecanorae and Tremella diploschistina are new to Central Europe, Lichenothelia tenuissima, Pertusaria lactescens, Polycoccum kerneri, Sphaerellothecium atryneae, S. contextum and Verrucaria policensis are new to Germany; 41 species are new to Saxony-Anhalt, and one each for Lower Saxony, Thuringia and Bavaria. Hyperphyscia adglutinata was rediscovered in Saxony-Anhalt after more than 180 years, Lichenodiplis pertusariicola after 141 years and Porpidia flavocruenta after 83 years. Eopyrenula leucoplaca was rediscovered in Lower Saxony after more than 130 years.

Pertusaria lacerocarpa Q. Ren (diagnostic characters for the species are a grey or ash-grey thallus corticolous; disciform apothecia with pink discs of which are slightly pruinose; a K– epihymenium; 1-spored asci with cylindric or ellipsoid spores, the walls of which are smooth and not trimmed; and the presence of hypothamnolic acid), P. montana Q. Ren (diagnostic characters for the species are a white or whitish-grey thallus muscicolous; disciform apothecia with pink discs of which are epruinose or slightly pruinose; a K– epihymenium; 1-spored asci with ellipsoid or cylindric spores, the walls of which are smooth and trimmed; and the presence of gyrophoric acid) and P. yulongensis Q. Ren (diagnostic characters for the species are a grey to black-grey thallus corticolous; verruciform apothecia with concave and black apices; a K+ violet epihymenium; 8-spored asci with dominantly biseriate spores, the walls of which are smooth and not trimmed; and the presence of fumarprotocetraric acid) from high mountains in China are described and illustrated as new to science.

Five new species, Pertusaria dayi, P. glabra, P. heinari, P. montoensis, P. stenospora and a new combination, Pertusaria aphelospora, are reported from Australia. In addition, Pertusaria phulhuangensis described from Thailand, P. karkarensis, described from Papua New Guinea, and P. virensica, described from Florida, are reported from Australia for the first time.

An inventory of epiphyte lichens was carried out on 15 phorophytes of Quercus laurina Humb. & Bonpl. located along a mountain ridge in a mountain cloud forest at La Cortadura Ecological Reserve, Coatepec, Veracruz. For each tree the five zones following Johansson's method were distinguished. Ascents were made in selected trees using the single-rope technique, collecting samples along the trunk and some branches of the crown. A total of 126 lichen species were found, belonging to 60 genera, 24 families and 10 orders. The most diverse genus was Graphis (12 species), followed by Parmotrema (9), Hypotrachyna (8), Pertusaria and Usnea (5). Crustose lichens dominated (79%) over foliose (38%) and fruticose (8%) types. Although some species preferred one of the trees while others were common to all (13), no significant differences were observed between phorophytes. The genus Sticta was found in basal and intermediate tree zones; Ramalina and Usnea were recorded in all areas. Twenty-one new records are re...

Data on about 27 new for South Korea species of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi, including one new for science genus Verseghya and 11 new for science species, i.e.: Agominia loekoesii, Lecanora pseudosambuci, Nectriopsis verseghyklarae, Polysporina golubkovae, Protoparmeliopsis zerovii, Psoroglaena chirisanensis, Pyrenopsis chejudoensis, Ropalospora chirisanensis, Thelopsis chirisanensis, Trapelia coreana, and Verseghya klarae, as well as 27 taxa newly recorded for the country (Biatora aff. subduplex, Buellia cf. uberior, Caloplaca kedrovopadensis, Catillaria chalybaea, Coenogonium isidiatum, Dibaeis yurii, Halecania australis, H. lobulata, Intralichen christiansenii, Ivanpisutia oxneri, Lecania cf. olivacella, Lecanora lojkahugoi, L. sulphurea, Lecidella mandshurica, Lichenoconium erodens, Micarea lithinella, M. aff. stipitata, Muellerella pygmaea var. pygmaea, Oxneria alfredii, Pertusaria aff. flavocorallina, Phaeosporobolus alpinum, Polycoccum innatum, Porina fluminea, Rinodina xanthophaea, Ropa...

A new chlorinated phenolic compound, methyl-3-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-pentylbenzoate (1) and 4 known compounds (2-5) were isolated from the Antarctic lichen, Pertusaria dactylina ( Pertusariaceae). The structure of the new compound was determined by means of One-dimensional and two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR) and high-resolution fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (HRFABMS) experiments. The antimicrobial activities of compounds 1 to 5 against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were evaluated. The results showed that compound 1 exhibited a weak inhibitory effect against C. albicans with an IC50 value of 67 ± 7 μg/mL.

Pyrcha, M. & Oset, M. 2019. Saxicolous species of the genus Pertusaria s.l. in Poland. – Herzogia 32: 385 –397.Notes on the morphology, secondary chemistry, habitat requirements and distribution of saxicolous species belonging to the genus Pertusaria s.l. in Poland are provided. The following species are treated: Lepra aspergilla, L. corallina, L. ocellata, L. schaereri, Pertusaria flavicans, P. melanochlora, P. pseudocorallina and Varicellaria lactea. Although most of these species are reported from the southern part of the country, a key to all species known from Poland is provided. A chemotype of P. melanochlora lacking picrolichenic acid is reported for the first time. Pertusaria chiodectonoides and P. inopinata are considered uncertain records from Poland due to the lack of available material. The identity of P. eitneriana described from Poland is unclear; it was recorded only by the type collection.

Malicek, J., Bouda, F., Liska, J., Palice, Z. & Peksa, O. 2015. Contribution to the lichen biota of the Romanian Carpathians. — Herzogia 28: 713–735. We present floristic data from 82 localities mainly from eight mountain ranges of the Romanian Carpathians (Fagaras, Parâng, Cindrel, Harghita, Hasmas, Bihor, Maramures and Rodna). The main habitats investigated were subalpine and alpine communities, beech and spruce forests, and limestone areas at lower altitudes. During four field expeditions, 364 lichenized and three lichenicolous fungi were recorded. Thirty-seven taxa are new for Romania. Biatora subduplex, Helocarpon pulverulum, Lecanora filamentosa, L. flavoleprosa, Lecidea huxariensis, Leucocarpia biatorella, Myriospora dilatata, Pertusaria borealis, Placynthium dolichoterum, Reichlingia leopoldii, Rhizocarpon carpaticum and Vezdaea stipitata are new for southeastern Europe. Lecanora flowersiana is reported for the first time from Europe. Candelariella commutata, Cetrelia chicitae, Lecanora ...

This revision of Pertusaria in the Galapagos Islands documents twenty-four species, twenty-two being new to the archipelago. Secondary chemistry correlates well with morphology and anatomy and is particularly useful in distinguishing these taxa. Eight species are described as new to science, and seven are known only from the Galapagos: Pertusaria albineoides, P. cerroazulensis, P. darwiniana, P. medullamarilla, P. stictica, P. thioisidiata and P. xanthoisidiata. Pertusaria lueckingii is new, but it also occurs in Central America (El Salvador). Three new endemic varieties are described based on their chemistry: Pertusaria thioisidiata var. isidiogyrophorica, P. tejocotensis var. stictica and P. xantholeucoides var. thamnolica. In contrast with previous studies on other genera where rates of endemism of 8–10% were observed, in Pertusaria 30–37% of all species and 41–46% of all taxa are considered endemic.

Abakumov, E., O. Trubetskoj, D. Demin & O. Trubetskaya. 2014. Electrophoretic evaluation of initial humification in organic horizons of soils of western Antarctica. Polarforschung 83(2): 73–82. Abbas, A., R. Mamut, A. Abudoula & G. Ababkri. 2014. A newly recorded lichen genus Xylographa (Fr.) Fr. from China. Plant Diversity and Resources 36(5): 578–580. [In Chinese with English abstract.] Alors, D., F. Dal Grande, I. Schmitt, E. Kraichak, H. T. Lumbsch, A. Crespo & P. K. Divakar. 2014. Characterization of fungusspecific microsatellite markers in the lichen-forming fungus Parmelina carporrhizans (Parmeliaceae). Applications in Plant Sciences 2(12): 1400081. Anderson, T. A. & C. J. Johnson. 2014. Distribution of barrenground caribou during winter in response to fire. Ecosphere 5(10): 140. Archer, A. W. & J. A. Elix. 2014. A new species in the lichen genus Pertusaria from Brazil. Telopea 17: 11–13. Archer, A. W. & J. A. Elix. 2014. Two new species and a new combination in the lichen genus Pertusaria in Brazil. Telopea 16: 5–8. Aschenbrenner, I. A., M. Cardinale, G. Berg & M. Grube. 2014. Microbial cargo: Do bacteria on symbiotic propagules reinforce the microbiome of lichens? Environmental Microbiology 16(12): 3743–3752. Athukorala, S. N. P. & M. D. Piercey-Normore. 2015. Recognitionand defense-related gene expression at 3 resynthesis stages in lichen symbionts. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 61(1): 1–12. Augusto, S., P. Pinho, A. Santos, M. J. Botelho, J. Palma-Oliveira & C. Branquinho. 2015. Declining trends of PCDD/Fs in lichens over a decade in a Mediterranean area with multiple pollution sources. Science of the Total Environment 508: 95–100. Balarinova, K., M. Bartak, J. Hazdrova, J. Hajek & J. Jalkova. 2014. Changes in photosynthesis, pigment composition and glutathione contents in two Antarctic lichens during a light stress and recovery. Photosynthetica 52(4): 538–547. Benatti, M. N. 2012. New species of Bulbothrix Hale containing gyrophoric acid from Brazil. Mycology 3: 127–131. [New species: Bulbothrix pseudofungicola and Bulbothrix silicisrea.] Benatti, M. N. 2012. Pequenas especies de Parmeliaceae ciliadas no Parque Estadual da Cantareira, Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil: generos Bulbothrix, Parmelinella e Parmelinopsis (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) [Small ciliate Parmeliaceae species in Parque Estadual da Cantareira, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo State, Brazil: the genera Bulbothrix, Parmelinella, and Parmelinopsis (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota)]. Hoehnea 39: 207–218. [In Portuguese with English abstract.] Benatti, M. N. 2012. Three resurrected species of the genus Bulbothrix Hale (Parmeliaceae, Lichenized Fungi). Mycosphere 3: 46–55. Benatti, M. N. 2013. A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the species with medullary fatty acids or without medullary substances. Mycosphere 4: 303–331. Benatti, M. N. 2013. A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the isidiate, sorediate and pustulate species with medullary salazinic acid. Mycosphere 4: 1–30. Benatti, M. N. 2014. Pequenas especies de Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) eciliadas no Parque Estadual da Cantareira, Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil: generos Canoparmelia y Crespoa [Small eciliate Parmeliaceae species (Ascomycota) in Parque Estadual da Cantareira, Sao Paulo State, Brazil: the genera Canoparmelia and Crespoa]. Rodriguesia 65: 587–597. [In Portuguese with English abstract.] Bilovitz, P. O. & H. Mayrhofer. 2014. Lichenized and lichenicolous fungi from the valley ‘Ochsental’ (Eastern Alps, Vorarlberg, Austria). Fritschiana 78: 47–51. Bulbovas, P., S. M. R. Santanna, R. M. Moraes, E. S. Lima, J. M. Pina, M. P. Esposito, M. L. Ferreira, A. A. Spielmann, C. M. Sollito, C. H. Rinnert, D. F. Peralta, J. S. Cardoso, L. Carminitti, L. S. Canez, M. M. S. Reis, M. N. Benatti, S. R. Souza & M. Domingos. 2008. Avaliacao da sensibilidade de plantas jovens de quiabo (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. Malvaceae) ao ozonio [Assessment of the sensitivity of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. Malvaceae) to ozone]. Hoehnea 35: 359–366. [In Portuguese with English abstract.] 3 Corresponding author’s email: sarah.z.hodkinson@gmail.com The cumulative database for this series is available in searchable form on the World Wide Web at http://nhm2. uio.no/botanisk/lav/RLL/RLL.HTM with full abstracts of electronically available articles. We owe thanks to the following: Einar Timdal for his work on the RLL database, Bill Buck for highlighting the more obscure sources, Jim Bennett for sharing his Scopus alerts, and the authors who send reprints or electronic versions of their works to us for inclusion. DOI: 10.1639/0007-2745-118.2.231

The first account of the lichen genus Pertusaria (Pertusariaceae) on the island of Rarotonga (Cook Islands) is given. A total of 8 taxa are recorded, of which 5 are new to science viz: Pertusaria atroguttata, P. homilocarpa, P. megacarpa, P. rarotongensis and P. rarotongensis var. stictica. A key to the species is provided.

Agnello, G. 2014. Compte rendu de l’assemblee generale ordinaire de l’Association francaise de lichenologie du 27 fevrier 2014 a Fontainebleau [Minutes of the Ordinary General Meeting of the French Association of Lichenology of 27 February 2014 in Fontainebleau]. Bulletin d’informations de l’Association francaise de lichenologie 39(1): 95–106. [In French.] Ahmed, M. S. A., Z. E. Boumedris, M. R. Djebar & A. Tahar. 2014. Responses of antioxidants in Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale to the atmospheric pollution air at two urban and semi-urban areas in the region of Annaba (East of Algeria). Pollution Atmospherique 221. [In French with English abstract.] Akujarvi, A., V. Hallikainen, M. Hypponen, E. Mattila, K. Mikkola & P. Rautio. 2014. Effects of reindeer grazing and forestry on ground lichens in Finnish Lapland. Silva Fennica 48(3). Alves, M. M. E., A. Aptroot, S. R. Lacerda & M. E. D. S. Caceres. 2014. Three new Arthoniaceae from Chapada do Araripe, Ceara, NE Brazil. Lichenologist 46(5): 663–667. [New species: Arthonia stipitata, Stirtonia lucida and Stirtonia ochracea.] Amodio, M., S. Catino, P. R. Dambruoso, G. De Gennaro, A. Di Gilio, P. Giungato, E. Laiola, A. Marzocca, A. Mazzone, A. Sardaro & M. Tutino. 2014. Atmospheric deposition: Sampling procedures, analytical methods, and main recent findings from the scientific literature. Advances in Meteorology 2014: Article ID 161730, 27 pages. Anderson, O. R. 2014. Microbial communities associated with tree bark foliose lichens: A perspective on their microecology. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 61(4): 364–370. Anshakova, V. V. 2014. Toxicological studies of food supplement. Russian Journal of Biopharmaceuticals 6(3): 36–39. Anstett, D. N., A. Salcedo & E. W. Larsen. 2014. Growing foliose lichens on cover slips: A method for asexual propagation and observing development. The Bryologist 117(2): 179–186. Antoshkina, A. I. 2014. Palaeomicrocodium: A new view on its origin. Paleontological Journal 48(4): 353–368. Aptroot, A. 2013. Leermostrechtertje (Arrhenia peltigerina), een parasitische paddenstoel op Peltigera, nieuw voor Nederland [Leermostrechtertje (Arrhenia peltigerina), a parasitic fungus on Peltigera, new to Netherlands]. Buxbaumiella 98: 53–54. [In Dutch.] Aptroot, A. & M. E. S. Caceres. 2013. Pyrenocarpous lichens (except Trypetheliaceae) in Rondonia. Lichenologist 45: 763–785. Aptroot, A. & M. E. S. Caceres. 2013. The Trypetheliaceae – an important tropical lichen family including ca 100 new species. British Lichen Society Bulletin 113: 117. Aptroot, A., P. Jungbluth & M. E. S. Caceres. 2014. A world key to the species of Pyxine with lichexanthone, with a new species from Brazil. Lichenologist 46(5): 669–672. [New species: Pyxine pustulata Aptroot & Jungbluth.] Aptroot, A., M. P. Nelsen & S. Parnmen. 2013. Marcelaria, a new genus for the Laurera purpurina group in the Trypetheliaceae (Ascomycota: Dothideomycetes). Glalia 5: 1–15. Aptroot, A., A. A. Menezes, E. L. Lima, A. B. Xavier-Leite & M. E. S. Caceres. 2013. New species of Polymeridium from Brazil expand the range of known morphological variation within the genus. Lichenologist 45: 545–552. [New species: Polymeridium corticatum A.A. Menezes, M. Caceres & Aptroot, Polymeridium immersum Aptroot, A.A. Menezes & M. Caceres, Polymeridium isohypocrellinum A.B. Xavier-Leite, M. Caceres & A. Aptroot and Polymeridium julelloides E.L. Lima, M. Caceres & Aptroot.] Aptroot, A., S. Parnment, R. Lucking, E. Baloch, P. Jungbluth, M. E. S. Caceres & H. T. Lumbsch. 2014. Molecular phylogeny resolves a taxonomic misunderstanding and places Geisleria close to Absconditella s.str. (Ostropales: Stictidaceae). Lichenologist 46(1): 115–128. Aravind, S. R., T. T. Sreelekha, B. S. Dileep Kumar, S. N. Kumar & C. Mohandas. 2014. Characterization of three depside compounds from a Western Ghat lichen Parmelia erumpens Kurok with special reference to antimicrobial and anticancer activity. RSC Advances 4(65): 34632–34643. Archer, A. W. & J. A. Elix. 2014. A new species and three new reports of Pertusaria in Australia (lichenized Ascomycota, Pertusariaceae). Australasian Lichenology 75: 38–43. [New species: Pertusaria rogersii A.W. Archer & Elix.] Archer, A. W. & J. A. Elix. 2014. A new species in the lichen genus Pertusaria (Pertusariaceae) from Brazil. Telopea 17(1): 11–13. [New species: Pertusaria elizabethae A.W.Archer & Elix.] Archer, A. W. & J. A. Elix. 2014. Two new species and a new combination in the lichen genus Pertusaria from Brazil. Telopea 3 Corresponding author’s email: sarah.z.hodkinson@gmail.com The cumulative database for this series is available in searchable form on the World Wide Web at http://nhm2.uio. no/botanisk/lav/RLL/RLL.HTM with full abstracts of electronically available articles. We owe thanks to the following: Einar Timdal for his work on the RLL database, Bill Buck for highlighting the more obscure sources, Jim Bennett for sharing his Scopus alerts, and the authors who send reprints or electronic versions of their works to us for inclusion. DOI: 10.1639/0007-2745-118.1.108

Seven new species, Pertusaria neotropica (with lichexanthone, hypothamnolic and salazinic acids), P. parasommerfeltii (with 4,5-dichlorolichexanthone and 2'-O-methylperlatolic acid), P. qinbaensis (norstictic acid and stictic acids), P. qiujiabaensis (with norstictic acid and 4,5-dichlorolichexanthone), P. sejilaensis (with protocetraric acid), P. subviolacea (with hypothamnolic and cryptothamnolic acids) and P. taibaiensis (with norstictic acid), are reported from China.

The new obligately lichenicolous fungus, Melaspilea tucumana Flakus, Etayo & Kukwa, inhabiting thalli of saxicolous Pertusaria s. lat. is described from Tucumano-Boliviano vegetation in Bolivia. The species is characterized by the gall formation and superficial, lirelliform to branched, aggregated apothecioid ascomata with widely exposed discs. The ascomata of M. tucumana are initially perithecioid and immersed in the host thallus, but become superficial and apothecioid when mature, and thus resemble the genus Buelliella. This may suggest the placement of the new species in Dothideomycetes.

Gasparyan A., Sipman H. J. M. & Brackel W. von: A contribution to the lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi flora of Armenia. — Willdenowia 44: 263–267. 2014. — Version of record first published online on 11 July 2014 ahead of inclusion in August 2014 issue; ISSN 1868-6397; © 2014 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3372/wi.44.44208 Twenty-one lichen-forming and two lichenicolous fungi species are reported as new to Armenia. Four of these, Arthopyrenia cerasi, Chaenothecopsis treicheliana, Melaspilea ochrothalamia and Punctelia jeckeri, are new for the whole of SW Asia. One genus, Bacidina, is also new for Armenia. Short discussions are added for Anaptychia roemeri, Arthopyrenia cerasi, Bacidia polychroa, Caloplaca polycarpoides, Candelariella antennaria, C. lutella, Chaenothecopsis treicheliana, Cladonia rei, Lecanora impudens, Melaspilea ochrothalamia, Pertusaria constricta, Punctelia jeckeri and Stigmidium congestum. The lichenicolous fungus Chaenothecopsis treicheliana, earlier con...

During the lichen exploration in Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh several interesting lichen taxa were collected of which 10 species are reported here as new records for the state. The species includes Biatorella conspersa (Biatorellaceae), Caloplaca bassiae, C. poliotera (Teloschistaceae), Dimelaena tenuis (Physciaceae), Lecanora chlarotera, L. helva, L. interjecta, L. psuedistera (Lecanoraceae), Pertusaria melastomella (Pertusariaceae) and Porina tetracerae (Porinaceae). These taxa / species have been enumerated along with their characteristic features and distributional notes.

Motiejūnaitė, J. & Grochowski, P. 2014. Miscellaneous new records of lichens and lichenicolous fungi. — Herzogia 27: 193–198. New localities for 8 species of lichens and 12 species of lichenicolous fungi are reported. New to Belarus is Cornutispora lichenicola, to Brazil — Pronectria subimperspicua, to Denmark — Lichenochora obscuroides. Diederichia pseudeverniae, Myriospora heppii and Tremella hypogymniae are reported for the first time for Latvia, Agonimia flabelliformis, Caloplaca chlorina, Chaenotheca laevigata, Cladonia cryptochlorophaea, Lecidea ahlesii, Pertusaria coronata, Polycauliona ucrainica, Pronectria minuta and Rinodina aspersa — for Lithuania, Rhymbocarpus aggregatus — for Lithuania and Portugal. New localities in Italy are reported for Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa, Briancoppinsia cytospora, Cornutispora lichenicola, Diederichia pseudeverniae, in Denmark — for Marchandiobasidium aurantiacum and Xanthoriicola physciae.

Three species, Biatoridium monasteriense, Catillaria picila and Hymenelia cyanocarpa are reported as new to North America, the first two occurring in Oregon and the last in British Columbia. Northward range extensions from California are reported for Aspicilia knudsenii, Lecanora mellea, and Lecidea mannii. The range of Caloplaca nivalis is extended southward. Other range extensions are given for Acarospora sinopica, Anaptychia bryorum, Caloplaca nivalis, Gyalidea asteriscus, Gypsoplaca macrophylla, Heterodermia japonica, Pertusaria chiodectonoides, Pycnothelia papillaria, Rhizocarpon sulphurosum, and Rinodina oregana.

Two new species, Pertusaria marcellii and P. saxatilis are reported from Brazil and the new combination Pertusaria ferax (Müll.Arg.) A.W.Archer & Elix is made.

Pertusaria yunnana G. L. Zhou & Lu L. Zhang from south-western China is described as new to science. This corticolous species is characterized by the white pruinose disciform apothecia, asci with 8 ascospores, and the presence of atranorin in addition to fumarprotocetraric acid. Related lichen taxa are discussed and a key to 21 corticolous species of Pertusaria with disciform apothecia and 8-spored asci is also provided.

The Hungarian lichenologist Odon Szatala described 169 species and infraspecific taxa, with a majority of these being based on his own collections. He also described taxa from material sent to him for identification. In this study, original material for 27 names (Aspicilia latiloba, A. microspora var. astroidea, A. microspora var. insensibilis, A. subpercaena, Bacidia rhodi, Buellia samothrakiana, Catillaria lenticularis var. transsilvatica, C. servitii, C. zsakii, Dermatocarpon fuscatum, Diplotomma alboatrum var. virescens, Lecania nylanderiana var. ochracea, Lecanora atra var. aegaeica, L. cengiae-samboae, L. rhodi, Lecidea aegaeica, L. aegaeica f. acrustacea, L. aegaeica f. albida, L. aegaeica var. verruculosa, L. euphorea f. decussata, L. iranica, L. stigmatea f. armeniaca, Pertusaria baskalensis, Physcia grisea var. elbursiana, Placodiella olivacea var. stampaliana, Porina rechingeri and Verrucaria filarszkyana) of taxa described by Szatala and based on material collected by others from Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Palestine, Romania, Turkey and Ukraine was examined, and lectotypes were chosen. In addition, Catillaria servitii has been found to be the earliest name for C. praedicta. © International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) 2014.

Twenty lichen taxa are reported as new from Guinea-Bissau; one is new to continental Africa, seven are reported for the first time from western Africa and one is described here as new to science, namely Pertusaria guineabissauensis, which has eight hyaline, smooth-walled ascospore per ascus and contains stictic acid.

The consumption of lichens by Constrictotermes cyphergaster termites is suggested in the literature, but not yet with concrete evidence. We examined the use and richness of lichens consumed by C. cyphergaster during both the dry and rainy seasons in a semiarid environment in northeastern Brazil by monitoring the foraging of five termite colonies for ten consecutive days during each period. Twenty-nine species of corticolous lichens were consumed by C. cyphergaster, with seasonal variations in the richness of their ingestion. Chrysothrix xanthine, Pertusaria flavens, and Dirinaria confluens were the lichen species most consumed. TLC analyzes of termite gut contents revealed twelve secondary lichen compounds ingested in both seasons, while staining showed fragments of fungal hyphae, green algae, and typical lichen spores. This study represents the first systematic survey of the abundances of lichens that compose the diet of C. cyphergaster and indicates the seasonal selectivity of that resource related to the chemical compositions of the lichen stalks.

Fuscidea multispora Flakus, Kukwa & Rodr. Flakus and Malmidea attenboroughii Kukwa, Guzow-Krzeminska, Kosecka, Jablonska & Flakus are described as new to science based on morphological, chemical and molecular characters. Lepra subventosa var. hypothamnolica is genetically and chemically distinct from L. subventosa var. subventosa and a new name, Lepra pseudosubventosa Kukwa & Guzow-Krzeminska, is proposed due to the existence of Lepra hypothamnolica (Dibben) Lendemer & R.C. Harris . Pertusaria muricata , recently transferred to Lepra , is kept in the genus Pertusaria due to the highest similarity of ITS sequence with members of Pertusaria . The occurrence of Micarea hedlundii in the Southern Hemisphere is confirmed based on molecular evidence from Bolivian population. Lepra pseudosubventosa and Pertusaria muricata are reported as new to South America, and 20 taxa as new to Bolivia. Lepraria stephaniana , previously known only from the type locality, is reported from two more sites. An ascosporic state is reported for the first time for Lepra amaroides , as are new chemotypes. Molecular markers were used to place some sterile, sorediate crustose lichens in the family Graphidaceae. The phylogenetic positions of some sterile Malmidea specimens within Malmidaceae are also discussed.

Details of 11 lichen and 1 lichenicolous fungus taxa occurring in Belarus are presented, of which 6 lichens (Cliostomum leprosum, Fellhanera gyrophorica, Lecanora thysanophora, Lepraria eburnea, L.jackii, L.neglecta) and 1 lichenicolous fungus (Tremella hypogymniae) are newly reported for the country; new localities of recently reported Lepraria elobata and L. incana s.str. are presented and the occurrence of Chrysothrix candelaris, Loxospora elatina and Pertusaria coronata is confirmed. The taxonomy of Chrysothrix candelaris is briefly discussed and localities of Cliostomum leprosum from Poland are reported.

Four new species, Pertusaria ambigua, P. humilis, P. queenslandica and P. submalvinae, are reported from Australia and two new species, Pertusaria allosorodes and P. wirthii, are reported from New Zealand.

Aptroot, A. 2012. Changes in the epiphytic flora on four Tilia trees in Belgium over 59 years. Herzogia 25(1): 39–45. Aptroot, A. 2012. Lichens of St. Helena. SCES Publications, Kew. 116 pp. Aptroot, A. 2012. Xanthoria parasitizing Pertusaria or Physcia: a response to Linda in Arcadia. Bulletin British Lichen Society 110: 52. Aptroot, A. & E. Arnolds. 2012. Veranderingen in de korstmossen en mossen in Schepping, een particulier natuurontwikkelingsterrein bij Beilen [Changes in lichens and mosses in Schepping, a private nature area in Beilen]. Buxbaumiella 91: 42–48. [In Dutch.] Aptroot, A. & H. Cornelissen. 2012. Onderzoek naar bossen uit de tijd van de dinosariers [Research on forests from the time of the dinosaurs]. Blijdenstein Nieuws 28: 4–5. [In Dutch.] Aptroot, A. & S. H. Iqbal. 2012. Annotated checklist of the lichens of Pakistan, with reports of new records. Herzogia 25(2): 211–229. Aptroot, A. & F. Schumm. 2012. A new terricolous Trapelia and a new Trapeliopsis (Trapeliaceae, Baeomycetales) from Macaronesia. Lichenologist 44(4): 449–456. [New species: Trapelia rubra Aptroot & Schumm and Trapeliopsis gymnidiata Aptroot & Schumm.] Aptroot, A., C. M. van Herk & L. B. Sparrius. 2012. Basisrapport voor de Rode Lijst korstmossen [Basic report for the Red List of lichens]. Buxbaumiella 92: 1–117. [in Dutch.] Armstrong, R. A. 2013. Development of areolae and growth of the peripheral prothallus in the crustose lichen Rhizocarpon geographicum: an image analysis study. Symbiosis 60(1): 7–16. Balaji, P., M. Sakthivadivel, P. Bharath & G. N. Hariharan. 2012. Larvicidal activity of various solvent extracts of lichen Roccella montagnei against filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus. Drug Discovery 2(6): 36–39. Baloniu, L., I. Costache & D. Radutoiu. 2011. Contributions to the knowledge of the lichens from Rinca Area. Acta horti botanici bucurestiensis 38: 17–25. Beck, A. & C. Mayr. 2012. Nitrogen and carbon isotope variability in the green-algal lichen Xanthoria parietina and their implications on mycobiont-photobiont interactions. Ecology and Evolution 2(12): 3132–3144. Bertuzzi, S. & M. Tretiach. 2013. Hydrogen sulphide inhibits PSII of lichen photobionts. Lichenologist 45(1): 101–113. Bjerke, J. W. 2011. Winter climate change: Ice encapsulation at mild subfreezing temperatures kills freeze-tolerant lichens. Environmental and Experimental Botany 72(3): 404–408. Bjerke, J. W., S. Bokhorst, M. Zielke, T. V. Callaghan & G. K. Phoenix. 2011. Contrasting sensitivity to extreme winter warming events of dominant sub-Arctic heathland bryophyte and lichen species. Journal of Ecology 99(6): 1481–1488. Bjerke, J. W. & A. Elvebakk. 2011. Ascomata of the powdery mildew fungus Phyllactinia guttata on Usnea lichens. Agarica 31: 77–83. Bokhorst, S., J. W. Bjerke, H. Tommervik, C. Preece & G. K. Phoenix. 2012. Ecosystem response to climatic change: the importance of the non-growing season. Ambio 41(Supp. 3): 246–255. Bokhorst, S., H. Tommervik, T. V. Callaghan, G. K. Phoenix & J. W. Bjerke. 2012. Vegetation recovery following extreme winter warming events in the sub-Arctic estimated using NDVI from remote sensing and handheld passive proximal sensors. Environmental and Experimental Botany 81(1): 18–25. Braidwood, D. & C. J. Ellis. 2012. Bioclimatic equilibrium for lichen distributions on disjunct continental landmasses. Botany 90(12): 1316–1325. Burkin, A. A., T. Y. Tolpysheva & G. P. Kononenko. 2012. Preservation of secondary fungal metabolites in herbarium lichen specimens. Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin 67(3–4): 121–125. Calvino-Cancela, M., M. E. Lopez De Silanes, M. Rubido-Bara & J. Uribarri. 2013. The potential role of tree plantations in providing habitat for lichen epiphytes. Forest Ecology and Management 291: 386–395. Cansaran-Duman, D., S. Aras, O. Atakol & I. Atasoy. 2012. Accumulation of trace elements and the assessment of the genotoxicity in the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea transplanted to a polluted site in Ankara. Ekoloji 85: 1–14. Choi, H., S.-K. Park, B.-N. Lee & M. Kim. 2012. Risk assessment of lead and cadmium through mushrooms. Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology 44(6): 666–672. Colbert, J. T. 2011. Current status of lichen diversity in Iowa. Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science 118(1): 16–23. 3 Corresponding author’s email: brendan.hodkinson@gmail.com The cumulative database for this series is available in searchable form on the World Wide Web at http://nhm2.uio.no/botanisk/ lav/RLL/RLL.HTM with full abstracts of electronically available articles. We owe thanks to the following: Einar Timdal for his work on the RLL database, Bill Buck for highlighting the more obscure sources, Jim Bennett for sharing his Scopus alerts, and the authors who send reprints or electronic versions of their works to us for inclusion. DOI: 10.1639/0007-2745-116.3.316

Pertusaria etayoi, found on lava flows and basaltic rocks from the Canary Islands, is described as new to science. It is the only species in the group of saxicolous Pertusaria with verruciform apothecia and 2 rough-walled ascospores to contain thiophaninic acid. A description of the species is given together with notes on its chemistry, distribution, ecology and taxonomy. Possible related lichen taxa are discussed briefly.

Morphological, anatomical, chemical and molecular data suggest that a relatively common lichenicolous coelomycete on Lecanora conizaeoides is conspecific with Phoma cytospora, previously known only from parmelioid lichens, and that further populations on Cladonia and Pertusaria belong to the same species. This species is distinguished from Phoma by several taxonomically important characters and obviously represents a previously unrecognized genus, for which the name Briancoppinsia is introduced. Phylogenetic analyses using nuLSU and mtSSU sequences of isolates obtained in pure culture suggest that the new genus belongs to the Arthoniaceae (Arthoniales). This is the first obligate lichenicolous, non-lichenized anamorph confirmed to belong to the Arthoniales based on molecular data.

From 242 collections 120 determined species representing 68 genera of lichens are reported from a two-day survey of privately owned and protected bluff and bottomland forests in Darlington and Florence Counties of South Carolina in May 2008. We also report a handful of specimens representing apparently undescribed species in the genera Arthonia, Melaspilea and Phaeographis. Two species of lichenicolous fungi, Sphinctrina tubiformis and Minutoexcipula tuckerae, are also reported (both from Pertusaria thalli). Species richness and composition suggests a healthy forest environment.

The new species Pertusaria elizabethae is reported from Brazil. The chemistry and morphology of this species are discussed.

Malicek* J., Palice Z. & Vondrak J. 2018: Additions and corrections to the lichen biota of the Czech Republic. – Herzogia 31: 453–475.This contribution presents new records of lichenized and “lichen-allied” fungi for the Czech Republic and a list of all recently published species missing in the last national checklist (Liska & Palice 2010). Lecanora tephraea is supposed to be synonymous with L. cenisia and the lectotype is designated here. Polyblastia brunnensis is synonymized with Thelidium zwackhii. Caloplaca fiumana, lectotypified here, was found to be an older name of the recently described taxon Caloplaca substerilis subsp. orbicularis. Candelariella subdeflexa is replaced by C. blastidiata in the national checklist; Lecanora reagens is excluded from the Czech lichen biota. Twenty nine species are published as new to the Czech Republic: Absconditella rubra, Alyxoria ochrocheila, Aspicilia verrucigera, Blastenia hungarica, Carbonicola anthracophila, Chaenothecopsis montana, C. savonica, Epigloea pleiospora, E. urosperma, Gyalecta ophiospora, Lecanora epibryon, L. flavoleprosa, L. silvae-nigrae, L. stenotropa, Leptorhaphis maggiana, Micarea tomentosa, Myriolecis perpruinosa, Ochrolechia mahluensis, Parmelia serrana, Peltigera ponojensis, Pertusaria borealis, Placynthium caesium, Protoblastenia lilacina, Ramalina europaea, Rinodina trevisanii, Strigula glabra, Verrucaria subcincta, Xanthomendoza huculica and Xylographa soralifera. Including the cited taxa, the lichen biota of the Czech Republic currently comprises 1691 taxa.

The lichen flora of southeast Alaska has been explored for over 100 years, but remains poorly known. In the first survey of its kind from the region, we report 766 taxa of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from the Klondike Gold Rush National Historic Park. Coming from a park only 53 km 2 in size, this represents one of the largest numbers of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi per unit area ever reported and the largest number ever reported from any United States National Park of any size. One lichen genus, four lichen species and one species of lichenicolous fungus are described as new to science: Steineropsis alaskana gen. et sp. nov. (Peltigerales), Coccotrema hahriae and Pertusaria mccroryae (both Pertusariales), Stereocaulon klondikense (Lecanorales) and Corticifraga scrobiculatae (Lecanoromycetes incertae sedis). The new combinations Coccotrema minutum and Nesolechia fusca are made and Parmelia elongata is reduced to synonymy under Hypogymnia duplicata. Seventy-five taxa could not be assigned a species name at this time and represent a pool of critical and/or potentially undescribed taxa. Thirty-four taxa are new or confirmed for North America, including seventeen lichen taxa, one species of saprophytic Dothideomycetes, and sixteen species of lichenicolous fungi. Five taxa of eastern North American distribution are reported for the west for the first time. A total of 196 taxa are new for Alaska. We report the presence of novel secondary chemical compounds in Bryoria, Cladonia, Hypogymnia and Pertusaria. Based on a Chao analysis of single and two-time occurrences we estimate we have captured not more than 83% of the macrolichen and 64% of the microlichen flora, with the total flora likely exceeding 1000 taxa. We provide an overview of the lichen inventories with highest species number worldwide and discuss the Klondike in the context of broader patterns in lichen richness. Global models of climate change in the coming century are unanimous in predicting greater temperature increases at higher latitudes than at low latitudes. We hope that our data will lead to a reconsideration of the potential extent of biodiversity at high latitudes.