Search

This study aims to describe and assess the current stage of the artificial intelligence (AI) technology integration in preventive orthopaedics of the knee and hip joints.The study was conducted in strict compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Literature databases were searched for articles describing the development and validation of AI models aimed at diagnosing knee or hip joint pathologies or predicting their development or course in patients. The quality of the included articles was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) and QUADAS-AI tools.56 articles were found that meet all the inclusion criteria. We identified two problems that block the full integration of AI into the routine of an orthopaedic physician. The first of them is related to the insufficient amount, variety and quality of data for training, and validation and testing of AI models. The second problem is the rarity of rational evaluation of models, which is why their real quality cannot always be evaluated.The vastness and relevance of the studied topic are beyond doubt. Qualitative and optimally validated models exist in all four scopes considered. Additional optimization and confirmation of the models' quality on various datasets are the last technical stumbling blocks for creating usable software and integrating them into the routine of an orthopaedic physician.

BACKGROUND:In cases of health disorders secondary to malignant neoplasms that lead to social restrictions and the need for social protection measures, including rehabilitation, disability is established. This is the most important health indicator of the population. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has significantly affected the management of patients with malignant diseases, and a more severe course of COVID-19 commonly occurs in older age groups. AIM:This study aimed to analyze the dynamics and structure of primary disability caused by malignant neoplasms in the adult population in the Russian Federation. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Thestudy object was a cohort with newly recognized disability caused by malignant neoplasms in the Russian Federation (by applying to the Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise). The main outcome was the occurrence of primary disability during the study period. Three age groups of the adult population (young, middle, and old) were analyzed. The study was conducted in 20102020. Research methods included documentary, data copying, and statistical and graphics analysis. RESULTS:The dynamics of cancer-related primary disability in the Russian Federation was characterized by an annual increase in the number of people with disability from 180.2 thousand in 2010 to 214.6222.2 thousand in 20172019; however, this number decreased to 196.5 thousand in 2020. The number of older people with primary disability was the highest, followed by middle-aged people with primary disability, and no significant change was found in the number of young people with primary disability. The proportion of people with secondary disability decreased, and those with tertiary disability increased, with a negative trend in the growth of the proportion of people with primary disability in 2020. CONCLUSIONS:The incidence of disability caused by malignant neoplasms may not reflect the proportion of populations with persistent health disorders because residents were unable to present for medical consultations due to the restrictions caused by the spread of a new coronavirus infection. The scale and structure of primary disabilities caused by cancer become the scientific and practical basis for determining directions for developing healthcare and social protection services.

The ultrasmall, superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticle ferumoxytol has unique applications in cardiac, vascular, and body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to its long intravascular half-life and suitability as a blood pool agent. However, limited availability and high cost have hindered its clinical adoption. A new ferumoxytol generic, and the emergence of MoldayION as an alternative USPIO, represent opportunities to expand the use of USPIO-enhanced MRI techniques.To compare in vitro and in vivo MRI relaxometry and enhancement of Feraheme, generic ferumoxytol, and MoldayION.Prospective.Ten healthy swine and six swine with artificially induced coronary narrowing underwent cardiac MRI.3.0 T; T1-weighted (4D-MUSIC, 3D-VIBE, 2D-MOLLI) and T2-weighted (2D-HASTE) sequences pre- and post-contrast.We compared the MRI relaxometry of Feraheme, generic ferumoxytol, and MoldayION using saline, plasma, and whole blood MRI phantoms with contrast concentrations from 0.26 mM to 2.10 mM. In-vivo contrast effects on T1- and T2-weighted sequences and fractional intravascular contrast distribution volume in myocardium, liver, and spleen were evaluated.Analysis of variance and covariance were used for group comparisons. A P value0.05 was considered statistically significant.The rRelative to clinically approved ferumoxytol formulations, MoldayION demonstrates minor differences in in vitro relaxometry and comparable in vivo MRI characteristics.2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.

Monitoring of the photosynthetic activity of natural and artificial biocenoses is of crucial importance. Photosynthesis is the basis for the existence of life on Earth, and a decrease in primary photosynthetic production due to anthropogenic influences can have catastrophic consequences. Currently, great efforts are being made to create technologies that allow continuous monitoring of the state of the photosynthetic apparatus of terrestrial plants and microalgae. There are several sources of information suitable for assessing photosynthetic activity, including gas exchange and optical (reflectance and fluorescence) measurements. The advent of inexpensive optical sensors makes it possible to collect data locally (manually or using autonomous sea and land stations) and globally (using aircraft and satellite imaging). In this review, we consider machine learning methods proposed for determining the functional parameters of photosynthesis based on local and remote optical measurements (hyperspectral imaging, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, local chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, and various techniques of fast and delayed chlorophyll fluorescence induction). These include classical and novel (such as Partial Least Squares) regression methods, unsupervised cluster analysis techniques, various classification methods (support vector machine, random forest, etc.) and artificial neural networks (multilayer perceptron, long short-term memory, etc.). Special aspects of time-series analysis are considered. Applicability of particular information sources and mathematical methods for assessment of water quality and prediction of algal blooms, for estimation of primary productivity of biocenoses, stress tolerance of agricultural plants, etc. is discussed.

This research provided a model of genesis of soils in North-West Siberia connecting the stages of their development to the main environmental changes over the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene. The “soil memory” showed that the studied soils had a complex polygenetic origin. A gleyed paleosol with signs of solifluction found at a depth of 2 m was most probably formed during the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 that is the Karginsky interstadial. The following stage, i.e., MIS2 – the Sartanian cryochron was characterized by the eolian sedimentation of silty material. In the Late Sartanian, new soil formation began in the silty parent material, with a strong platy cryogenic aggregation and grain size sorting. The warmer and more humid climate in the early Holocene induced clay illuviation and allowed for the formation of the argic horizon. Finally, the modern climatic conditions have caused ooidal cryogenic aggregation within upper horizons, however recent frost action has not been as strong as it was during the previous cold stage. Additionally, the modern pedogenesis included spodic and stagnic processes as well as clay mineral transformation. We suppose that such a model of soil evolution could be extrapolated to the northern Cis-Ural region, but not to the west in the Baltic region, where the dynamics of pedogenesis were different.

Endocrine pathology, including diabetes mellitus, significantly affects the immune response characteristics to microbial invasion and, as a result, the microbial balance of the oral cavity in normal conditions and in periodontal diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of mild periodontitis nonsurgical treatment in patients with type II diabetes mellitus with different duration of endocrine disease. It is shown that before the start of therapy, in dependance of endocrine pathology duration, the bacterial flora of periodontal pockets in the groups was different. The standard therapy also demonstrated varying degrees of effectiveness, and on the background of positive response to the treatment in both groups, the trend to normalization of the microflora in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus was more evident.

Paleosols interbedded with pyroclastic deposits have been proven to be an important paleoenvironmental proxy for the late Quaternary in Central Mexico. We studied a key upland section and several profiles on the slopes and lowlands of the Tlaxcala Block, assuming that the topographic variability of the soil-sedimentary mantle contains the complete record of the landscape history. The upland section included three paleosols separated by tepetates (compact volcanic pedosediments) and reflected a general trend of environmental evolution during the last 40 ka. Particle-size distribution, bulk chemical composition, magnetic characteristics, computed tomography, and micromorphological observations demonstrated a strong seasonality of paleoclimate at the end of MIS3, followed by cool wet conditions during the last glacial maximum, subsequent warming at the beginning of the Holocene, and drying during the last 3 ka. It was shown that tepetates had well-developed pedogenetic features that contribute to the paleosol record. The studied slope and lowland profiles reflected the main phases of geomorphic activity in the terminal Pleistocene and the early Holocene. These phases are linked to paleoclimate fluctuations in Central Mexico at the end of the last glaciation.

Изучены морфологические и гистохимические свойства новых синтезированных веществ – известного противоэпилептического препарата дилантина и гидантоина β-фенил-α-аланина. Гистопатологические исследования показывают, что соединения No 1 и No 2, особенно в сочетании с коразолом, вызывают видимые гемодинамические изменения в головном мозге. В условиях воздействия этих соединений как в гиппокампе, так и в энторинальной коре патологические изменения в головном мозге носят умеренный характер под действием соединения No 2. / The morphological and histochemical properties of the new synthesized substances, the well-known antiepileptic drug dilantin and β-phenyl-α-alanine hydantoin, were studied. Histopathological studies show that Compounds No1 and No2, especially when combined with Corazole, cause visible hemodynamic changes in the brain. Under the influence of these compounds, both in the hippocampus and in the entorhinal cortex, the observed pathological changes in the brain are of a moderate nature under the action of compound No2.

The purpose of this clinical report is to evaluate the clinical performance of customized titanium implants (PSI) using virtual 3D planning and computer-assisted implant fabrication (CAD/CAM process) and based on preoperative CT data, the placement accuracy and the risk of postoperative complications. This work has shown that 3D printed titanium base implants can significantly improve the outcomes of patients requiring skull reconstruction surgery. By choosing the appropriate design method, manufacturing process, and implant material, you can get a more accurate procedure, reduce surgery time, prevent various complications that can occur with the traditional method, and get predictable results compared to the traditional method.

Purpose: The aim of this study was the clinical testing of the paste with the antifungal drug "Narine" as a temporary therapeutic dressing (bandage) for endodontic treatment of chronic apical periodontitis. Material and Methods: A total of 74 patients with сhronic apical periodontitis were selected for the study. All patients underwent a thorough clinical and microbiological examination according to the generally accepted scheme. Periapical radiographs were taken to monitor treatment. Patients were divided into 2 groups to evaluate the effectiveness of using a probiotic for endodontic therapy of chronic periapical periodontitis. Group I included 54 patients with whom the composition of the paste was used as an antibacterial and antifungal agent, based on the previously obtained positive results of their physicochemical properties: zinc oxide (ZnO) - 2,5 parts, antifungal preparation - 1.0 part ("Narine"), eugenol (clove oil) - 1 part, which was left in the root canal for 7 days, followed by filling with zinc-eugenol paste; group II included 20 patients, whose root canals were treated according to the described method, followed by filling a sealant paste based on zinc-eugenol paste (without an antifungal component). The difference between the groups was that the main group was treated with temporary healing paste. Results: The obtained results show that the antifungal drugs fluconazole, nystatin, "Narine" have antibacterial activity against Staphylolococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus Pseudomonas. Taking into account the beneficial effect on the periapical tissues and the obtained data of laboratory studies allowed us to use the above mentioned drugs in the treatment of root canals and subsequent obturation with their introduction into the sealer (a patent for the invention of material for filling root canals N 3426A, dated 18.01.2021 was received). Conclusion: Proposed Temporary endodontic paste is an effective addition to the traditional therapy of chronic apical periodontitis and is recommended for its use in endodontics.

Fish feeding process is studied as one of the links in the transformation of the energy of a water reservoir, as one of the factors that determine the ecology of fish and make an imprint on the morphology, physiology and behavior of fish, or as one of the criteria, which help the most rationally use natural resources of the water bodies. The results of work carried out by the Northern Water Problems Institute (NWPI KarRC RAS) and Petrozavodsk State University (PetrSU) within the framework of state assignments, forecast problems and economic contractual topics on assessing the nutrition of perch species (perch, ruff) in some lakes of the Konchezero group (South Karelia), in particular Lake Munozero, which is part of the lower reaches of the river Shuya belonging to the catchment area of Lake Onega. The work was carried out by the experts from the IWPS KarRC RAS and PetrSU in 2018-2020. Its main hydrological and ichthyological indicators have been studied. The reconnaissance fish productivity of Lake Munozero based on the development of the forage base at the present stage is estimated as 9 kg/ha. The feeding spectra of ruff and perch in the lake overlap only with respect to eggs, the ruff using eggs more actively. Predation is peculiar only to perch, while even fish whose size is less than 14 cm (the average size of the transition to predation for Karelia) hunt at a time when there is a lot of other food in the reservoir. As the perch passes to summer feeding, its diet becomes more diverse. Some benthic organisms are replaced by others, an air fraction appears, the perch's diet includes fish in summer and spring; nutrition becomes more active: the average stomach fullness index increases from 7.3 to 145.6‰.

The purpose of the research is to develop an effective feed additive with an optimal content of raw protein in combination with flavoring additives for ducklings, which allows to increase zoo technical and economic indicators with broiler technology of fattening young animals. Research methods. A scientific and production experiment was conducted on three groups of analog ducklings from a daily age to 49 days old. The studied indicators are: the dynamics of live weight by fattening phases, absolute and average daily growth, the safety of young animals, feed conversion, slaughter indicators, the European fattening efficiency indicator, the profitability of meat production. Results. The use of compound feeds with an optimal level of protein content in combination with flavoring additives prepared on the basis of developed feed additives intended for fattening broiler ducklings in the fattening phases contributes to an increase in: live weight by 11.4 %, the safety of young animals by 3 %, feed consumption and conversion by 3.9 and 7.6 %, slaughter yield of 1.1 %, the European fattening efficiency indicator from 246 to 308 units and the profitability of meat production by 24.5 %. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a complex feed additive has been developed, which, according to the age periods of fattening, includes three varieties: “Prestart”, intended for intensive fattening of young animals from daily to 10 days of age inclusive, “Start” for ducklings from 11 to 21 days and “Finish” from 22 to 49 days. The rate of introduction of the additive is 30 % of the mass of mixed feed. The composition of the supplement includes high-protein feeds, premixes, amino acids and flavoring substances (monosodium glutamate, acetic and citric acids, a mixture of phytogenics: oregano, cinnamon, red pepper).

BACKGROUND: The most common malignant neoplasm of the endocrine system is thyroid cancer. In Russia, as in other countries of the world, the incidence rate is steadily increasing. Thus, it is extremely important to assess the problem of health disorders due to thyroid cancer within the framework of socially significant disability caused by malignant neoplasms in the Russian Federation. AIMS: To analyze the spectrum of types and degree of disability in people with disabilities due to thyroid cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The article presents the results of the analysis of the spectrum of the main types of disability in the general contingent of disabled people due to thyroid cancer among the adult population of Moscow (20152019). RESULTS: The dynamics of disability both in the contingent of first recognized and in the contingent of re-recognized disabled people (VPI and PPI) was characterized by an increase in the number of disabled people and the transformation of the structure of general disability. There is a clear change in the ratio towards an increase in the share of PPI from 55.1% in 2015. up to 68.0% in 2019, while the share of VPI decreased from 44.9% in 2015 to 32.0% in 2019. The predominant gender cohort was women, and the age category was the elderly. The main types of life restrictions were the restriction of the ability to self-serve (98.6% of the VPI and 97.9% of the PPI), to work (94.7% of the VPI and 94.6% of the PPI) and to move (21.3% of the VPI, 21.8% of the PPI). A low proportion of restrictions on the ability to control ones behavior, learning, communication and orientation was revealed (0.31.2%). The first degree of disability prevailed in the contingents of VPI and PPI (p 0.0001). In the contingent of men, the proportion of disabled people with the third degree of disability was higher compared to the contingent of women. CONCLUSION: Dynamic assessment of the degree of severity of functional disorders and associated life restrictions should be carried out at all stages of medical and social rehabilitation in order to monitor the effectiveness of medical and rehabilitation measures, assess the quality of life and prevent progression (secondary prevention of disability).

The effect of the toxicant 2,3',4,4',6-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-119) on the growth, chlorophyll content, and PSII activity of C. sorokiniana cells was investigated. A strong negative effect of the toxicant was observed at PCB concentration of 0.05 μg mL

Subthalamic nucleus (STN) beta-triggered adaptive deep brain stimulation (ADBS) has been shown to provide clinical improvement comparable to conventional continuous DBS (CDBS) in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) with less energy delivered to the brain and less stimulation induced side-effects. However, several questions remain unanswered. First, there is a normal physiological reduction of STN beta band power just prior to and during voluntary movement. ADBS systems will therefore reduce or cease stimulation during movement and could therefore compromise motor performance compared to CDBS. Second, beta power was smoothed and estimated over time periods of 400ms or longer in most previous ADBS studies. A shorter smoothing period could have the advantage of being more sensitive to changes in beta power which could enhance motor performance. In this study, we addressed these two questions by evaluating the effectiveness of STN beta-triggered ADBS using a standard 400ms and a shorter 200ms smoothing window during reaching movements. Results from 13 people with PD showed that STN beta-triggered ADBS is effective in improving motor performance during reaching movements as it better preserves gamma oscillation than CDBS in people with PD, and that shortening the smoothing window does not result in any additional behavioural benefit. ADBS significantly improved tremor compared with no DBS but was not as effective as CDBS. When developing ADBS systems for PD, it might not be necessary to track very fast beta dynamics; combining beta, gamma, and motor decoding might be more beneficial with additional biomarkers needed for optimal treatment of tremor.

Tests on propane pyrolysis in a two-sectioned flow reactor have shown that the introduction of ethylene into the feed mixture leads to an increase in the propylene yield. Under certain conditions, the ethylene content in the mixture at the inlet and outlet of the reactor remains constant. At high temperatures, the process can be accompanied by the formation of tarry products. The absence of oxygen-containing byproducts makes the cocracking of propane and ethylene more attractive than the oxidative pyrolysis of propane.

The condensation of 1-alkylisatines with malononitrile and 8-hydroxyquinoline or 5,5-dimethyl-cyclohexane-1,3-dione in the presence of an aqueous solution of trimethylamine proceeds regioselectively as a one-pot three-component domino process to form spiro[chromene-4,3'-indoline] and spiro(indoline-3,4'-pyrano[3,2-h]quinoline).

The problems in the formation of the diaspora’s socio-economic potential are poorly studied by modern science. The article defines the notion of the diaspora’s socio-economic potential. The factors that determine the uniqueness of the Armenian diaspora phenomenon are identified, including professional specialization specifics, labor skills, ethnic entrepreneurship, aggregation of property and capital, socio-demographic structure, corporatism, social solidarity and cohesion and social capital. The Armenian diaspora, which formed in Russia in the 17th century, is a conventional diaspora with deep historical roots. Its influence on the economy, social policy, culture, interethnic relations and other spheres of life of the population in the host country and country of origin is steadily increasing. New opportunities for continued development of the Armenian diaspora opened up along with the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union in the post-Soviet space and Armenia’s accession to the EAEU. The secret of the advancement of the Armenian diaspora as an ethnocultural and ethnopolitical phenomenon is rooted in the peculiarities of formation of its socio-economic potential throughout the entire history of good-neighborly relations between Russia and Armenia. A methodological strategy and an applied sociological research model, as well as tools for studying the Armenian diaspora’s socio-economic potential in the context of EAEU integration processes have been created. In order to study the problem further, authors intend to conduct a questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews in the Moscow agglomeration, Krasnoyarsk and Stavropol regions, which will allow to reveal the attitude of members of the Armenian diaspora to various aspects of life: migration and repatriation intentions, the degree of cohesion and corporatism, subjective assessments of the contribution of the Armenian diaspora to Russia’s and Armenia’s socio-economic development, as well as to assess the EAEU integration trends. Based on the results of the sociological study, scientific recommendations will be developed to improve the efficiency of using the Armenian diaspora’s socio-economic potential for the sake of improving the quality of life and social well-being of citizens of Russia and Armenia, and the advancement of EAEU integration processes.

The article considered a critical appraisal of the modernization theory in its mono-paradigm frames and offers a heterodox conceptual meaning of modernization. Obviously, the varieties of methodological ap- proaches to that important theoretical topic would have to be much more comprehensive than con- temporary interpretations of linear pattern mainstream theories propose. Rethinking the conceptual foun- dations of the existing interpretation of the very concept is the model of adaptive modernization. Protect- ing its own matrix core, the system carries out partial correction of specific parameters, in which there is a lag, to increase their own vitality. Constructive changes are intra-systemic and occur within the existing order, without destroying its foundations, main institutional structures, and preserve the generic socio- cultural genotype Modernization, as reception of foreign cultural innovations (technical and technological) with their appropriate adaptation to the endogenous conditions, is an adequate adaptive response of a so- cial system to external risks or exogenous origin impact.

The textbook gives a general idea of innovations and modern business models. The concept and role of innovations in the modern world are considered, including the theory of innovations and their classification, the structure and dynamics of the innovation process; the concept of a business model, types of business models, as well as the development of business modeling in the digital economy are highlighted. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the direction of training "Management".

The textbook provides general information about the operating modes of electrical systems and substations, methods for calculating short-circuit currents and selecting electrical equipment for substations and power grids, classification of substations is given, designs of manual control transformers, high-voltage and low-voltage substations are considered, issues of their relay protection, requirements of electrical installation rules and technical operation rules for the device and operation of substations. It is intended for students of the training direction 13.03.02 "Electric power and electrical engineering", and can also be useful for students of secondary vocational education, masters and electrical engineers who improve their technical level on the job.

Periodic features of neural time series data, such as local field potentials (LFP), are often quantified using power spectra. While the aperiodic exponent of spectra is typically disregarded, it is nevertheless modulated in a physiologically-relevant manner and was recently hypothesised to reflect excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance in neuronal populations. Here, we used a cross-species in vivo electrophysiological approach to test the E/I hypothesis in the context of experimental and idiopathic Parkinsonism. We demonstrate in dopamine-depleted rats that aperiodic exponents and power at 30-100 Hz in subthalamic nucleus (STN) LFPs reflect defined changes in basal ganglia network activity; higher aperiodic exponents tally with lower levels of STN neuron firing and a balance tipped towards inhibition. Using STN-LFPs recorded from awake Parkinson’s patients, we show that higher exponents accompany dopaminergic medication and deep brain stimulation (DBS) of STN, consistent with untreated Parkinson’s manifesting as reduced inhibition and hyperactivity of STN. These results suggest that the aperiodic exponent of STN-LFPs in Parkinsonism reflects E/I balance, and might be a candidate biomarker for adaptive DBS.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common joint diseases worldwide. Unfortunately, clinical methods lack the ability to detect OA in the early stages. Timely detection of the knee joint degradation at the level of tissue changes can prevent its progressive damage. Here, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) in the NIR range was used to obtain optical markers of the cartilage damage grades and to assess its mechanical properties. It was observed that the water content obtained by DRS strongly correlates with the cartilage thickness (R = .82) and viscoelastic relaxation time (R = .7). Moreover, the spectral parameters, including water content (OH-band), protein content (CH-band), and scattering parameters allowed for discrimination between the cartilage damage grades (10

The accident rate in road transport remains unacceptably high, and in order to reduce it, it is necessary to take into account all the factors affecting this process. In this regard, the process of long-term braking deserves special attention, which negative processes require the creation of additional braking systems (retarder brakes) for vehicles operating in mountainous areas, primarily in the field of passenger transportation. Transmission retarder brakes that provide sufficient braking performance have a number of disadvantages that inhibit their use. Existing engine retarder brakes provide insufficient deceleration, and studies were carried out at the Kuban State Agrarian University (KubSAU) to improve their efficiency. After a theoretical analysis, the compressor brake mode was experimentally investigated. The increased pressure was created in the intake manifold and at the end of the compression stroke, air from the cylinder was released through a special valve back into the system, due to which the braking effect was created. The carried out experiments confirmed the possibility of a significant increase in the engine braking torque in the compressor brake mode, when both valves are closed - the exhaust after the exhaust manifold and the intake in front of the carburetor, and compressed air is supplied to the intake manifold at different pressures. Then the braking torque increases in comparison with engine braking by more than 3 times.

The integrated cavity absorption meter is designed to measure the seawater absorption coefficient spectra which are necessary for studying ocean productivity and heat balance. The performed numerical simulations of a light field structure made it possible to improve the measurement technique. Its results showed that the use of the Lambertian model allows to reduce the calculation time by two orders of magnitude with an acceptable loss of accuracy for these calculations. It is shown that in the case of an integrating sphere made of fluorilon, the use of different volume scattering functions does not affect the calculation result, which is not true in the case of using a sphere with a mirror coating. The effect of an air layer between quartz and fluorilon is considered, and the applicability of the diffusion approximation is verified. Examples of field measurements of the seawater absorption coefficient and its components performed in different water areas of the World Ocean in 2020–2022 are presented.

Aim. To analyze the methods of teaching analytical toxicology in the National University of Pharmacy (NUPh). Materials and methods. Analytical, systematic, logical methods of teaching the discipline, as well as scientific publications of domestic and foreign scientists were used. Results. The topicality of teaching the discipline “Analytical toxicology” at the Department of Analytical Chemistry and Analytical Toxicology of the NUPh (Kharkiv) has been discussed in the article. The features of teaching the discipline in current conditions have been analyzed. The possibility of conducting the chemico-toxicological analysis, which results are necessary for solving many legal and other important issues, has been described. The main tasks facing analytical toxicology, its difference from analytical chemistry and other pharmaceutical disciplines, as well as the significance of the knowledge gained by applicants for higher education that they need in their further practical activities have been considered. The structure of the educational process when studying the discipline “Analytical toxicology”, including theoretical and practical sections, is presented. Modern chemical and physicochemical methods of analysis widely used in analytical toxicology have been described. Conclusions. To train applicants for higher education in the specialty 226 “Pharmacy, Industrial pharmacy”, the study of the discipline “Analytical toxicology”, which is closely related to chemical, biological and medical disciplines, is important. The knowledge gained by applicants for higher education makes it possible to correctly understand the fundamentals of analytical toxicology, apply the theoretical and practical skills obtained in their further practical activities and become fully qualified specialists in the field of chemico-toxicological analysis. Key words: analytical toxicology; analytical chemistry; chemico-toxicological analysis; intoxication; toxicant.

The phytoplankton activity was analyzed in June 2015 in Onega Bay of the White Sea. The chlorophyll a concentration, as well as cell abundance and cell biomass, were assessed in natural phytoplankton samples and individually for the picoplankton fraction. These data were compared with the results of additional optical measurements for the same water samples. A strong correlation (R2 = 0.82) was found between chlorophyll absorbance (~680 nm, absorbance spectra) and in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence intensity. Мicroalgae had a high level of photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm > 0.4). The picoplankton fraction was characterized by less efficient photosynthesis, probably due to the presence of cyanobacteria. The picoplankton fraction contributed a few percent to the total biomass, whereas its contribution to the total chlorophyll fluorescence intensity reached up to 40%.

The article deals with issues related to the application of modeling in the interests of aircraft certification. The technique of numerical flood modeling based on the numerical solution of Navier–Stokes equations with a free surface is proposed. Verification of the technique was carried out on the tasks about water fluctuations in the tank under the action of gravity, cylinder movement in the liquid and ball drop in the liquid. In all cases, good convergence of simulation results with experimental data is shown. Validation of the method was performed on the task of sinking the vessel model with damage in the bottom and on board. Complex model hull movements were studied due to changing buoyancy properties as a result of water leakage inside the hull during the sinking. Comparison of calculated and experimental data shows their qualitative and quantitative consistency at the initial stage of the dive. By the example of modeling the flooding of the passenger aircraft model, the practical application of the developed method for certification is shown. It was found that at the initial moment of time after an unplanned landing on the water, the front and rear emergency exits are located above the waterline, and the buoyancy time of the aircraft is sufficient for its emergency exit.

BackgroundIn Essential tremor (ET), involuntary shaking of the upper limbs during isometric muscle contraction closely reflects the patterns of neural activity measured in the thalamus - a key element of the tremorgenic circuit. Phase-specific deep brain stimulation (DBS) builds upon this observation while using accelerometery of the trembling limb to trigger repetitive electrical perturbations to the thalamus and surrounding areas at a specific time within the tremor cycle. This closed-loop strategy has been shown to induce clinically significant postural tremor relief while delivering less than half the energy of conventional DBS.ObjectiveThe main aim of the study was to evaluate treatment efficacy across different contexts and movement states.MethodsWe used accelerometery and a digitizing tablet to record the peripheral tremor dynamics of 4 DBS implanted ET patients while alternating stimulation strategies (no stimulation, continuous open-loop and phase-specific) and movement states (intermittent posture holding and spiral drawing).ResultsIn addition to observing a suppressive effect of phase-specific DBS on both postural and kinetic tremor, our results reinforce the key role of phase-specificity to achieve tremor control in postural motor states and highlight the difficulty of quantifying phase-dependent effects during continuous movement. Moreover, this study supports the hypothesis that ET patients with more stable tremor characteristics benefit the most from phase-specific DBS.ConclusionsBy creating a better understanding of the dynamic relationship between central and peripheral tremor activity, this study provides important insights for the development of effective patient and context-specific therapeutic approaches for ET.

The article deals with the peculiarities of notarial activities in the context of restrictive measures introduced in connection with the coronavirus pandemic, in particular, analyses the prospects for the development of electronic notarial services, and examines the issues of criminal liability for the public dissemination of false information in the context of the protective function of a notary.

The results of an analysis of the incidence of thyroid cancer (thyroid cancer) in the Russian Federation (20082018) are presented. With increasing age, the incidence of thyroid cancer increases. Dominated by people aged 55 years and above (52.9%). Over the 10-year period (20082018), the increase in the rough indicator of the incidence of thyroid cancer was 49.03%, the standardized 43.5%. The prevalence of thyroid cancer among the population of the Russian Federation in 2018 amounted to 114.1 per 100,000 population, which is 52.5% higher than in 2008 (74.8). This is due to several reasons: the demographic aging of the population, an increase in the incidence rate, and an improvement in the detection of the disease among the population (from 17.4% in 2008 to 34.3% in 2018). There was an increase in the share of thyroid cancer patients registered in oncological institutions of the Russian Federation for 5 years or more from the moment of diagnosis (from 61.6% to 68.8%, respectively), and the index of accumulation of patients with thyroid cancer (from 12.4 to 13.9 respectively). In the cohort of thyroid cancer patients, identified actively, the proportion of patients with a tumor process of stage III was 77.7%, and with a running tumor process (stage IIIIV) 21%. There is a differentiation of the territories of the Russian Federation both in terms of early detection and morphological verification of thyroid cancer, and the volume of radical treatment and the use of various methods for its implementation.

Aim to evaluate the efficiency and usefulness of augmented reality (AR) technology using HoloLens glasses for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). Materials and methods From July to December 2019, a total of 5 patients with localized kidney cancer (cT1aN0M0) underwent AR-assisted LRP. The mean RENAL score was 6 points (5-8). Preoperatively, all patients underwent contrast-enhanced multispiral computed tomography (MSCT). The three-dimensional reconstructions of the kidney, tumor, part of the abdominal aorta with the renal artery and its branches, part of the inferior vena cava with the renal vein were segmented with color coding and connected into a single virtual 3D model, which was loaded into the program in order to display image in AR glasses. The duration of surgery and thermal ischemia, type and frequency of intraoperative complications, as well as the time spent on preparing the 3D model and the Microsoft HoloLens device were evaluated. To assess the feasibility of using AR technology intraoperatively, a Likert scale was filled out by the surgeon. Results It took 10 (9-11) hours to prepare the model, including time to optimize the model and to set up its display and interactions. The setup of HoloLens required an average of 7.8 (5- 12) min. The total duration of the operation and the period of warm ischemia was 108 (90-120) and 20 (15-25) min, respectively, while intraoperative blood loss was 160 (110-250) ml. In all cases, a negative surgical margin was found. The surgeon who performed all the operations assessed the use of AR technology with the HoloLens device as highly beneficial in all clinical cases. Conclusion The use of AR technology with a HoloLens holographic device during LPN can lead to improved treatment outcomes.

In clinical practice, we use the term “fusiform aneurysm” for local expansion of artery. Under this generic term specialists understand heterogeneous arterial pathology, which is very important for diagnosis and choosing the treatment. We conducted an analysis of scientific literature published in 1987–2019, including 63 foreign and 4 Russian sources devoted to pathogenesis and types of non-saccular aneurysms. Among non-saccular aneurysms, dolichoectatic aneurysms are distinguished, rather of genetically or non-atherosclerotic origin and fusiform aneurysm acquired due to dissection processes. Features of mechanisms of their formation, variants of clinical course and methods of treatment are presented.