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In mills and agricultural fields grains are collected by means of number of labors and more time consumption. In order to limit the time and work wages a simple mechanical heaping machine is been constructed to handle with less labors. The main objective of this project is to heap the paddy and also to clean the garden in an effective manner with simple adjustments and less remuneration. In this machine the driving shaft of the wheel is welded with sprockets on either side of the shaft. Grain collecting machines it is operated fully in a mechanical means. In modern grain handling machines, the grains are collected by means of vacuum suction and it requires external power supply.

In 2019 we found moss praying mantis around the forest in the Bedugul Area of Bali, Indonesia. This species belongs to the family Mantidae, subfamily Nanomantinae, and predicted as member of Calofulcinia genus based on diagnostics of morphological characteristics, behavior, and habitat. Information about the morphological characteristics and data from the molecular sequencing database of the genus Calofulcinia has been very limited. In this research, the barcoding DNA of mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (mtCOI) of the species is noted using paired primers LCO1490 and HCO2198. Based on the sequence analysis (identity matrix and phylogeny analysis), the moss mantis from Bali has low similarity and genetic relationship with other Mantodea species from GenBank database. The data indicate the moss mantis from Bali has not been reported previously. In addition, the distribution of moss mantis species in Bedugul, Bali, Indonesia has just been described and recorded.

ATM or Automated Teller Machines are widely used by people nowadays. Performing cash withdrawal transaction with ATM is increasing day by day. ATM is very important device throughout the world. The existing conventional ATM is vulnerable to crimes because of the rapid technology development. A total of 270,000 reports have been reported regarding debit card fraud and this was the most reported form of identity theft in 2021. A secure and efficient ATM is needed to increase the overall experience, usability, and convenience of the transaction at the ATM. In today's world, the area of computer vision is advancing at a breakneck pace. The recent progress in biometric identification techniques, including finger printing, retina scanning, and facial recognition has made a great effort to rescue the unsafe situation at the ATM. Specifically, the goal of this project is to give a computer vision method to solve the security risk associated with accessing ATM machines. This project proposes an automatic teller machine security model that uses electronic facial recognition using Deep Convolutional Neural Network. If this technology becomes widely used, faces would be protected as well as their accounts. Face Verification Clickbait Link will be generated and sent to bank account holder to verify the identity of unauthorized user through some dedicated artificial intelligent agents, for remote certification. However, it obvious that man’s biometric features cannot be replicated, this proposal will go a long way to solve the problem of account safety making it possible for the actual account owner alone have access to his accounts. This eliminates the possibility of fraud resulting from ATM card theft and copying. The experimental results on real-time datasets demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed approach over state-of-the-art deep learning techniques in terms of both learning efficiency and matching accuracy. By using this real time dataset, the proposed system achieves the highest accuracy with 97.93%

A graph G is an undirected finite connected graph. A function f : V (G) → [0, 1] is called a fractional dominating function if, ∑u∈N[v]f (u) ≥1, for all v ∈ V, where N [v] is the closed neighborhood of v. The weight of a fractional dominating function is w (f) = ∑v∈V(G)f (v). The fractional domination number γf (G) has the least weight of all the fractional dominating functions of G. In this paper, we analyze the effects on γf (G) of deleting a vertex from G. Additionally, some bounds on γf (G) are discussed, and provide the exactness of some bounds. If we remove any leaves from any tree T, then the resulting graphs are , where |l| is the number of leaves. Some of the results are proved by the eccentricity value of a vertex e (v).

The future holds the possibility of hospitals sharing medical images obtained through non-invasive systems to patients remotely. The advent of cloud and the storage and deployment of medical healthcare images in the cloud has resulted in the increased need for application of Cryptographic techniques to protect them from unauthorized access and malicious attacks. The Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) standard is more compatible across medical imaging instruments globally. The pixel data of DICOM images requires more privacy and security. A novel ECDS based cryptographic approach is suggested to encrypt the original DICOM image as well as the ROI pixel data extracted from DICOM images. Results computed experimentally have proved that medical image encryption via ECDH is more robust, efficient and faster than existing medical image encryption schemes.

An increase in water demand for drinking, agriculture, and industries necessitates the treatment of water and wastewater. Among various conventional treatment techniques available, adsorption is found to be one of the most economical and feasible methods. Adsorbents from plant biomass are effective for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants. Cassava has gained attention among researchers during the past decades due to its plentiful availability and resilient characteristics. Even though cassava contains cyanogenic glucosides as toxins, it is used in industries for development of various products. Cassava stem, rhizome, peel, and bagasse are industrial residues that are generated in abundance. The present review focusses on factors affecting adsorption using cassava residues, adsorbent preparation and activation methods, equilibrium, mass transfer, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies of adsorption.

Due to their great complexity, expensive diagnosis, and subjective human interpretation, dermatological illnesses are one of the severe health challenges of today. When there are fatal illnesses like melanoma, which have a tendency to slowly spread throughout the body, they are best diagnosed in their early stages because this increases the likelihood of a successful treatment. Malignant melanoma, another name for melanoma, is the worst type of skin cancer and the cause of 75% of deaths from the disease. In 2022, it is anticipated to rank as the fifth most typical cancer for both males (57,180 instances) and women (42,600 cases). It's essential due to the high mortality rate connected with melanoma to find the first signs so they can be properly and quickly addressed. Skin biopsies are still used to diagnose skin cancer, however studies reveal that using new computer technologies like image processing mechanisms in processes connected to early diagnosis of this malignancy can enable discovery at an early stage that may heal the patient. The suggested model is built using a Convolutional Neural Network in conjunction with image processing software to create a better structure and increase accuracy. Phases involving data collection and preprocessing, CNN model creation, and detection make up our model's design. Early diagnosis will be aided by this, especially with the set photos of lesions on the skin. Skin cancer can be detected and can be distinguished from benign skin cancer and melanoma using lesion features including symmetry, colour, size, form, etc. When the model has been trained using the dataset of melanoma lesion images, user input data is handled. The user is presented with the results as high or low risks, and melanoma may be treated early on with little surgery.

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are entirely controlled by hospitals, not patients, making it difficult to obtain medical advice from individual hospitals. Patients need to keep tabs on their health details and take back control of their medical data. The rapid development of blockchain technology has facilitated large-scale healthcare, including medical records and patient-related data. The technology provides comprehensive and immutable patient records and free access to electronic medical records for providers and treatment portals. To ensure the validity of the blockchain-connected EHR, the Improved Attribute-Based Signature Scheme (IASS) has considerable powers, allowing patients to approve messages based on attributes but not validated. In addition, it avoids the problem of having multiple authorities without a single or central source of trust for generating and distributing patient public/private keys and fits into the blockchain model for distributed data storage. By sharing a secret, pseudo-random activity seed between authorities, the protocol resists collusive attacks by corrupt officials. The technology provides patients with a comprehensive, immutable record and free access to their EHR from providers and treatment portals. To ensure the validity of blockchain-connected EHRs, propose an attribute-based multi-authority signature scheme that authorizes messages based on their attributes without revealing any information.

Sleep apnea (SA) is highly prevalent in the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) population. However, the impact of SA on mortality in ESRD is unclear. This study investigates the relationship between SA and mortality in ESRD. The United States Renal Data System was queried in a retrospective cohort study to identify ESRD patients aged 18–100 years who initiated hemodialysis between 2005 and 2013. Diagnoses of SA and comorbidities were determined from International Classification of Disease-9 codes and demographic variables from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Form-2728. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association of SA with mortality controlling for multiple variables. Of 858,131 subjects meeting inclusion criteria, 587 were found to have central SA (CSA) and 22,724 obstructive SA (OSA). The SA cohort was younger and more likely to be male and Caucasian compared to the non-SA cohort, with more diagnoses of tobacco and alcohol use, hypertension, heart failure, and diabetes. Both CSA (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29–1.56) and OSA (aHR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.32–1.37) were associated with increased mortality. Other variables associated with increased mortality included age, dialysis initiation with a catheter or graft, alcohol use, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Factors associated with decreased mortality included female sex, black race, Hispanic ethnicity, diagnosis of heart failure or diabetes, and an ESRD etiology of glomerulonephritis or polycystic kidney disease. Since a diagnosis of either OSA or CSA increases mortality risk, early identification of SA and therapy in this ESRD population may improve survival.

In naval applications generally, the pleated discrete pore non-woven layer filter element is used. Filters used for such applications require maximized filtration rate, lower pressure drop, higher permeability, effective pore size distribution and good filtration efficiency. In other most common wire mesh filter element types, the geometric parameters are well defined and can easily be modelled. In the case of non-woven layer filter elements the pores are arranged in a randomly distributed manner and the modelling becomes difficult. In this present study a new approach was contemplated for modelling the same. The fluid flow through the filter element is by percolation phenomenon. Using Darcy’s law approach, the pressure drop across the filter element for different flow rates, were found analytically by considering the flow resistance in axial, radial and circumferential directions. The theoretical prediction made by CFD analysis is correlated with actual model behaviour and a good degree of correlation is obtained which shows the efficacy of this method for wider use in similar application.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is recognized as the leading cause of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infection in children, accounting for a significant proportion of pediatric mortality. Macrolides are the first-line treatment for M. pneumoniae infections. However, the extensive use of macrolides in clinical practice resulted in the emergence of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMP), which has a negative impact on treatment outcomes. Hence, in the present study, MRMP was determined in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Real-time PCR detected M. pneumoniae in 41 of 348 clinical samples. Sanger sequencing revealed that none of the isolates were associated with the A2063G or A2064G base mutation, which confers macrolide resistance, in domain V of the 23S rRNA gene. Although MRMP was not observed in children with CAP in our study, healthcare practitioners should be vigilant about the potential risk of MRMP infections.

High-fidelity large-eddy simulations (LESs) of a 4:1-aspect-ratio rectangular screeching jet are conducted at two underexpanded nozzle pressure ratios and nonheated flow conditions. To identify key numerical requirements for obtaining physically realistic jet screech in rectangular nozzles, a detailed assessment of mesh resolution and the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FW-H) surface design is performed. Sufficiently fine grids are required in the jet shear layers and jet potential core to obtain accurate shock cell positions and jet spreading. To save computational costs, the FW-H sampling surface can be placed fairly close to the jet turbulence. In the region containing the jet initial shear layers and the supersonic core, the sampling surface can be placed near the 5–10% contour levels with respect to the maximum turbulent kinetic energy; and in regions further downstream, the sampling surface can be placed near the 20–25% contour levels. The LES results match closely with experimental measurements in terms of flow velocity and near- and far-field acoustics. The broadband noise spectra calculated by LESs agree very well with the experiment between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. For the stronger screech case, LESs are able to capture the screech tones within 2–5 dB as microphone measurements; whereas for the weaker screech case, the screech tones from LESs are weaker than measured values.

Pengabdian masyarakat yang bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat dalam mencegah penyakit hipertensi. Berdasarkan hasil diagnosa komunitas, masih banyak didapatkan masyarakat yang terkena hipertensi. Selain itu, berdasarkan informasi yang diperoleh menunjukan masih rendahnya pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai hipertensi. Metode yang digunakan dalam edukasi; perencanaan dan persiapan berupa perizinan, serta mengundang masyarakat sasaran; pelaksanaan dan proses berupa penyajian materi dan penutupan; monitoring dan evaluasi, monitoring dari program ini adalah dengan selalu membooster pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat, evaluasi dari program ini dapat dilihat dari peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap masyrakat. Hasil penyuluhan menunjukan peningkatan pengetahuan mengenai penyakit hipertensi. Tenaga kesehatan dan pihak puskesmas dapat membantu masyarakat dengan memberikan penyuluhan tentang penyakit hipertensi dan memperhatikan kesehatannya terkhusus permasalahan penyakit hipertensi

One of the problems that occurred in Cipasung Village is regarding the legal awareness of the community and the resolution of disputes/conflicts between citizens was not resolved properly so that the law did not apply effectively. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to: (1) Explain and analyze the effectiveness of law in society; (2) Explain and analyze How the Implementation in increasing the effectiveness of law in Cipasung Village, Lemahsugih District, Majalengka Regency, West Java. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach, with a descriptive method. The effectiveness of law in society is determined by various factors; legal factors, law enforcement factors, facilities factors, community legal awareness factor, and legal culture factor. The implementation of increasing the effectiveness of law in Cipasung Village is by carrying out several programs, namely the literacy room program, nature school, discussions with village officials and the community regarding law, purposes and functions of law, procedures & methods for solving legal problems, legal awareness, and legal culture. With these programs, it will increase public knowledge and legal awareness so that the law can be applied effectively inCipasung Village.

Electricity is one of the basic needs of this society. Currently we have to go nearby the conventional meter and note the electricity consumption which is a tedious task when bill payer is in distant place. Thus, to automate this process IOT takes place which can save time by automating remote data collection. This paper gives the development of a cost-effective NodeMcu based smart electricity which includes the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The NodeMcu board is employed element to coordinate the activities of the device and a Blynk server acting as a central server receiving all the data sent by the created system. Other components like AC voltage sensor (ZMPT101B), AC current sensor (SCT-013-030), LCD display which helps the user to read the values instantly from system and other RLC elements are used to measure the required quantities. Also, this paper has open source IOT server called Blynk 2.0 which is an analytic platform which can access the cloud and enables the user to live monitor the status of the meter using both Website and application.

A nanofluid is a fluid that accommodates nanometer-sized particles (10–9 ), called nanoparticles. These fluids implement a colloidal suspension of nanoparticles in a base fluid. The nanoparticles used in nanofluids are frequently made of metals, oxides, carbides, or carbon nanotubes. Usual base fluids include water, ethylene glycol, and engine oil. In this program, silver-doped copper oxide is used as nanoparticles. This nanoparticle has been prepared by the green synthesis method. The radiator's job is to eliminate heat from the engine. The effect of using nanofluids in a vehicle radiator was investigated. Increasing the nanoparticle volume concentration leads to improved heat transfer. The radiator size using nanofluids is revised to lose the same heat as water. The simplest option is to treat the nanofluid as a fluid with changed properties. Then, all that is needed is to recalculate the fluid properties and use any CFD software to simulate flow and heat transfer. And writing a UserDefined Function (UDF) for CFD Modeling Using a C programme or a C function that can be dynamically loaded with ANSYS Fluent to enhance its standard features

Today’s healthcare sectors are driven and work to rescue patients as soon as possible by giving them the right care and treatment. A healthcare monitoring system works in two ways: by keeping track of the patient’s activities and overall health. For prompt treatment, such as giving the right and suitable medication, administering an injection, and providing additional medical help, nursing supervision is required. Wearable sensors are fixed or connected to the patient’s body and can follow their health. These IoT medical gadgets let clinicians diagnose patients and comprehend the processes from remote. However, the amount of data produced by IoT devices is so large that it cannot be handled manually. A model for automated analysis is required. Convolution Neural Network with Long-Short Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) was therefore suggested in this study as a Hybrid Deep Learning Framework (HDLF) for a Patient Activity Monitoring System (PAMS) that brings all healthcare activities with its classes. To incorporate medical specialists from all over the world and enhance treatment outcomes, the framework offers an advanced model where patient activities, health conditions, medications, and other activities are distributed in the cloud. An effective architecture for Wearable Sensor Network-based Human Action Recognition that combines neural network Simple Recurrent Units (SRUs) and Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs). For assessing the multimodal data input sequence, deep SRUs and a variety of internal memory states is utilized in this research. Furthermore, for addressing the concerns about accuracy oscillations or instability with decreasing gradients, a deep GRUs to store and learn the knowledge is conveyed to the future state. The analysis suggests that CNN-LSTM is then contrasted with some of the currently used algorithms, and it is found that the new system has a 99.53% accuracy rate. The difference between this accuracy result and the current value is at least 4.73%.

Enhanced DSSC efficiencies were attained in the presence of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) as a co-adsorbent in multi-donor ferrocenyl dyes.

Amplified expression of mutations in proteins is an important hallmark of malignant cancer. In all RAS-mutant human cancers, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is considered the most RAS-fanatic cancer, with a frequency of 100% KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma virus) mutation. In the present work, curcumin, a dietary phytochemical, was used to design a series of novel curcumin analogues aiming to regulate KRAS protein. The molecular docking study revealed the ligand efficacy and binding affinity of designed curcumin analogues against target proteins. Drug-like behaviour and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) prediction of identified molecules were done, and most of the pharmacokinetic parameters were found to be quite satisfactory and within an acceptable range. Three of the most potent drug candidates have been synthesized and characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR, and LC-MS spectral analysis. Results of the in vitro anti-proliferative activities of curcumin analogues showed persuasive anticancer activity against the PANC-1 cell lines. The present study will be helpful in exploring the new series of cogent curcumin analogues as anticancer agents.

Remediation of xenobiotics from wastewater is highly essential due to its harmful impacts. Several chemical and physical processes are used to recover xenobiotics from wastewater, including ion exchange, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and ultrafiltration. However, the biological method of employing microalgae, has aroused the scientific community’s interest due to its cheap operating costs and effectiveness in absorbing and/or removing organic and elemental contaminants from wastewater. Chlorella vulgaris was used as a biological absorbent, in the remediation of domestic wastewater (DWW). The results of this work indicated that C. vulgaris, effectively eliminated pollutants and improved the physicochemical characteristics of wastewater such as pH, DO, alkalinity. Simultaneously, it also decreased BOD, COD, suspended solids, heavy metals (HMs) such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and nutrient load (phosphate and nitrate) of DWW. Effective remediation of the pollutants was attained within 4h of C. vulgaris cultivation. The removal of toxic compounds such as 4-methoxy carbonyl benzo hydrazide, benzamine 4,4’ methylene bis, acetamide, and N-(2-methyl phenyl), was confirmed with GC-MS analysis. The removal of polysulfides and aliphatic bromo compounds was evident from the FTIR studies. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between physicochemical variables and algal biomass. Hence, the current study recommends biological wastewater treatment,by utilizing C. vulgaris as an effective and eco-friendly option, for removing pollutants and restoring the physicochemical properties of water.

In wireless sensor networks (WSN), clustering is treated as an energy efficient technique employed to achieve augmenting network lifetime. But, the process of cluster head (CH) selection for stabilized network operation and prolonged network lifetime remains a challenging issue in WSN. In this research, presents a novel Hybridization of Pigeon Inspired with Glowworm Swarm Optimization (HPIGSO) algorithm based clustering innovation in WSN. This innovative HPIGSO algorithm integrates the good characteristics of Pigeon Inspired Optimization (PIO) algorithm and Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO) algorithm. The proposed algorithm operates on three major stages namely initialization, cluster head selection and cluster construction. Once the nodes are deployed, the initialization process takes place. Followed by, Base Station (BS) executes the HPIGSO algorithm and selects the cluster heads effectively. Subsequently, nearby nodes joins the cluster head and becomes cluster members, thereby cluster construction takes place. Finally, the cluster members send the data to cluster heads which is then forwarded to the base station via inter-cluster communication. The performance of the proposed HPIGSO method has been evaluated and compared with QOGSO, PIOA-DS, ALO, GOA and FFOA. Finally the proposed HPIGSO algorithm provides prolonged the lifetime of WSN over the existing clustering techniques.

In this study, we show that adding halloysite nanotubes (HNT) to carbon black (CB)-packed acrylic rubber (ACM) composites improves their thermal properties. The thermo-oxidative stability, thermal stability, and dynamic mechanical properties of ACM composites (filled simply with 70 phr CB) and ACM hybrid composites comprising a fixed amount of CB (60 phr) and a variable amount of halloysite nanotubes (HNT) (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 phr) were investigated. As evidenced by the oxidation induction time analysis, hybrid structures support a higher degree of antioxidation in composites reinforced with twin fillers than composites reinforced just with CB. ACM composites with dual fillers had greater breakdown temperatures (temperatures at 10% weight loss (T10) and 50% weight loss (T50)) and char residue concentration at 600°C than ACM conventional composites, according to thermogravimetric tests. The activation energy of the thermal disintegration of ACM composites, as determined by the Kissinger and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa techniques, shows that the addition of HNT improves the thermal stability of ACM composites. The storage modulus of ACM composites was increased by 79 percent at 30°C when 10 phr of black filler was replaced with 6 phr of tubular HNT, according to additional viscoelastic experiments.

The research purposes is to explain the comparison of the legal division of powers in the constitution in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and in the Constitution of the Republic Democratic Timor Leste. The division of powers within a country, both in Indonesia and in Timor Leste, are stipulates in a constitution, in this case a state that protects and guarantees the implementation of human rights and other civil rights and limits its powers in a balanced manner between the interests of state administrators and their citizens. The research method used in this study was normative legal research. In addition, this research also applied comparative legal research method is a research methodology carried out by comparing one legal system to another, an activity in which experts compare the positive legal system of a nation to that of other nations. In this case, legal comparison of Indonesia and Timor Leste. The novelty of this research is to examine and analyze comparative law on the distribution of power in the constitutions of Indonesia and Timor Leste, it can be explained that there is a difference in the division of power. In Indonesia there is constitutive power, executive power, legislative power, judicial power, examining/inspective power, and monetary power, while in Timor Leste it is based on the constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste division of power consisting of the power of the president, the power of the national parliament, the power of the government and the power of the court.

Background In this study, the literature was systematically reviewed to investigate the effect of hydrogen peroxide concentrations on bleaching effect and tooth sensitivity.Data Sources: Electronic databases were screened, and hand searched. Searched electronic databases are PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Ovid Medline, Elsevier science direct, Wiley online library, Grey literature, Embase.Materials and Methods: A systematic review on controlled clinical trials MeSH terms used are (hydrogen peroxide) AND (bleaching) AND (tooth sensitivity). A trial on the bleaching effect and tooth sensitivity with various hydrogen peroxide concentrations were included. PRISMA guidelines were followed, and the PICO model was used. Cochrane risk assessment tool for randomized controlled trials was used.Results: A total of 5 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The analysis showed that high hydrogen peroxide concentration has a better bleaching effect accompanied by tooth sensitivity. Low hydrogen peroxide concentration also has a bleaching effect slightly minimal from the former, followed by less tooth sensitivity.Conclusion: This study concludes that the hydrogen peroxide with higher concentration is effective in bleaching and with lower concentration is less likely to produce tooth sensitivity

Background: Resin infiltration is a new therapeutic technique for WSLs (white spot lesions) that may bridgenonoperative and operative treatment options. It’s a minimally invasive procedure for filling, reinforcing,and stabilizing demineralized enamel without drilling or compromising good tooth structure. It has alsobeen found to slow the progression of caries in lesions that are too advanced to be treated with fluoride. Thecurrent investigation of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy of ICON® resin infiltration on WSLs.This literature review was conducted and reported according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items forSystematic Review and Metaanalysis) statement. Seven databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, OVIDMEDLINE, EMBASE, Grey Literature, Wiley Online Library) were used. The MeSH terms used were ‘Icon resininfiltration, ‘ white spot lesions, and ‘clinical trials. PICOS analysis of Population- Participants with white spotlesions; Intervention- Icon Resin Infiltration; Comparison- Comparing with other different therapies; Outcome-Regression or disappearance of lesions; Study design- Randomized controlled trials. Five cross-sectional studieswere included in this systematic review for the quality assessment of the efficacy of Icon resin infiltration onwhite spot lesions. All five studies reported a statistically significant difference between the Icon resin infiltration,lesion loss ratio, and color change. This systematic review concludes that the Icon resin infiltration on white spotlesion is effective during the initial period, i.e. first three months. Over time there is a color change in its masking.However, it is effective in reducing the lesion loss ratio.

Objective: In this study, the literature was systematically reviewed to evaluate the effect of play way a game based oral health education on oral hygiene of school children.Data Sources: Electronic databases were screened and hand searched. Searched electronic databases are PubMed, Cochrane library, Ovid Medline, Elsevier science direct, Wiley online library, Grey literature, Embase.Materials and Methods: Systematic literature review of clinical trials evaluating the effect of play way a game based oral health education on oral hygiene of school children by following PRISMA - Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. PICO model was used for population, intervention, comparison and outcome assessment. Cochrane risk assessment tool was used for bias analysis.Results: A total of 5 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The p-value is less than 0.05 showing that all the studies were statistically significant. Therefore, game-based oral health education is superior to conventional oral health education.Conclusion: This systematic review concludes that game-based oral health education effectively improves the oral hygiene of school children than conventional oral health education.

PT Borneo Indobara telah melakukan kegiatan reklamasi dan revegetasi sejak 2009 di area pit Batulaki, Sebamban, Kusan dan Girimulya. Permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah kegiatan penimbunan material batuan penutup (overburden) di area rencana reklamasi memiliki tantangan keterbatasan ketersediaan material tanah pucuk (topsoil) yang akan ditimbun sebagai media tanam yang akan digunakan untuk kegiatan revegetasi, sehingga membutuhkan material overburden untuk menjadi tanah guna mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman di area reklamasi PT Borneo Indobara. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses pembentukan tanah pada material overburden di area reklamasi tahun tanam 2013, 2015 dan 2018, guna mendukung keberhasilan reklamasi secara berkelanjutan di PT Borneo Indobara. Bagaimana hubungan antara umur tanam, pertumbuhan tanaman, morfologi serta kondisi cuaca di area penelitian dapat mempengaruhi proses pembentukan tanah. Proses pembentukan tanah pada material overburden membutuhkan bantuan material organic dari serasah . Serasah merupakan lapisan tanah bagian atas yang terdiri dari bagian tumbuhan yang telah mati seperti guguran daun, ranting dan cabang, bunga dan buah, kulit kayu serta bagian lainnya, yang menyebar di permukaan tanah di bawah hutan sebelum bahan tersebut mengalami dekomposisi (Departemen Kehutanan, 1997).Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah dengan membandingan data parit uji dari beberapa lokasi sampel tanah di area reklamasi, kualitas tanah pada kedalaman tertentu di setiap parit uji, selain itu juga melakukan perhitungan biomassa pada daerah penelitian. Korelasi antara beberapa variable disebut diatas dapat memberikan input bagi perusaahaan untuk dapat mempercepat proses pembentukan tanah agar keberhasilan reklamasi dapat dapat dicapai sesuai target. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proses pembentukan tanah di batuan penutup overburden terlihat pada parit uji tahun tanam 2013, indikatornya adalah adanya akar yang sudah mampu menembus lapisan overburden pada kedalaman 40 – 60 cm. Hubungan antara tahun tanam dengan keasaman tanah (pH tanah) korelasi (a=0.001, r2 =0.6819) Hubungan tahun tanam dengan tinggi tanaman (cm) juga ada hubungan (a=0.001, r =0.677). Hubungan dengan diameter tanaman (a=0.001, r =0.697) artinya memiliki tingkatan hubungan yang kuat. Area tanam 2013, 2015 dan 2018 memiliki bulan basah rata-rata 10 – 10,2 bulan tiap tahunnya, dengan curah hujan rata-rata 218 – 235 mm, sehingga masuk kategori sangat basah.