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Introduction: Soft tissue encompasses the supportive connective tissue of various organs and the other nonepithelial, extra skeletal structures excluding the viscera, lymphoreticular system and meninges. The aim & objectives were to study the histopathological spectrum of various soft tissue tumours (STTs), to know the proportion of benign, intermediate and malignant soft tissue tumours and to know the age, gender and site distribution of these tumours. Materials and Methods: It was a pro spective study of 100 cases carried out at the Department of Pathology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra. All specimens were received in 10% buffered formalin and processed through standard paraffin embedding technique. Sections of 3-5 micrometre thickness were cut and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin stain. All STTs were classified as per the 2013 WHO classification. Results: Out of the 100 cases of STTs, 90% were benign, 2% were intermediate and 8% were malignant. Sarcomas showed a predominance above the sixth decade. STTs showed a male preponderance with a male to female ratio of 1.3, while a female predominance was seen in the malignant STTs. Majority of the STTs were located on the extremities (35%), followed by the head and neck region (32%). Adipocytic tumours (55%) were the most common STTs, followed by nerve sheath tumours (18%) and vascular tumours (14%). Conclusion: In spite of various ancillary techniques like special stains, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization (ISH) and molecular genetics, histopathological examination remains the gold standard for proper diagnosis of soft tissue tumours. Keywords: Soft tissue, Histopathology, Benign, Malignant, Lipoma, Sarcoma.

© 2015 Elsevier Ltd Membrane adsorption hybrid system (MAHS) was evaluated for the removal of phosphate from a high rate membrane bioreactor (HR-MBR) effluent. The HR-MBR was operated at permeate flux of 30 L/m2 h. The results indicated that the HR-MBR could eliminate 93.1 ± 1.5% of DOC while removing less than 53% phosphate (PO4-P). Due to low phosphate removal by HR-MBR, a post-treatment of strong base anion exchange resin (Dowex∗21K-XLT), and zirconium (IV) hydroxide were used as adsorbent in MAHS for further removal of phosphate from HR-MBR effluent. It was found that the MAHS enabled to eliminate more than 85% of PO4-P from HR-MBR effluent. Hence, HR-MBR followed by MAHS lead to simultaneous removal of organics and phosphate in a reliable manner. The experiments were conducted only for a short period to investigate the efficiency of these resins/adsorbents on the removal of phosphorus and high rate MBR for organic removal.

The high-spin states in 153Ho, have been studied by 139 57 La(20Ne, 6n) reaction at a projectile energy of 139 MeV at Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), Kolkata, India, utilizing an earlier campaign of Indian National Gamma Array (INGA) setup. Data from gamma-gamma coincidence, directional correlation and polarization measurements have been analyzed to assign and confirm the spins and parities of the levels. We have suggested a few additions and revisions of the reported level scheme of 153Ho. The RF-gamma time difference spectra have been useful to confirm the half-life of an isomer in this nucleus. From the comparison of experimental and theoretical results, it is found that there are definite indications of shape coexistence in this nucleus. The experimental and calculated lifetimes of several isomers have been compared to follow the coexistence and evolution of shape with increasing spin., Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review C as a regular article

Background: Intrusive luxation injuries often result in severe damage to the tooth, periodontal ligament and pulpal tissue. Furthermore, treatment outcome is often unpredictable because of the large number of injury related variables which influence choice of treatment and prognosis. This report presents the case of a 9-year-old boy with a 6 mm intruded permanent maxillary central incisor with an open apex. Methods: The treatment option chosen was to wait and watch for ‘spontaneous re-eruption’. At the end of two weeks, the tooth showed signs of pulp necrosis and external root resorption. A palatal mucoperiostal flap was reflected and endodontic access was established, following which an intracanal medicament of calcium hydroxide was applied. By the end of the fifth month, there was radiographic evidence of apical barrier formation and by the tenth month, the tooth had re-erupted to the level of the adjacent central incisor. Root canal treatment was completed at the end of 24 months and the root was reinforced using a glass fibre post. Results: At the last follow-up visit (40 months after trauma), the tooth was asymptomatic and radiographic examination showed satisfactory periapical and periodontal healing. Conclusions: Spontaneous re-eruption is possible, even in severely intruded teeth with open apices.

The inclusive cross sections of the $\alpha$-particles produced in the reaction $^{6}$Li+$^{159}$Tb have been measured at energies around the Coulomb barrier. The measured cross sections are found to be orders of magnitude larger than the calculated cross sections of $^{6}$Li breaking into $\alpha$ and $d$ fragments, thus indicating contributions from other processes. The experimental cross sections of $1n$-stripping and $1n$-pickup processes have been determined from an entirely different measurement, reported earlier. Apart from incomplete fusion and/ $d$-transfer processes, the $1n$-stripping process is found to be a significant contributor to the inclusive $\alpha$-particle cross sections in this reaction.

Malignant mixed mullerian tumors (MMMT) are also known as malignant mixed mesodermal tumors, carcinosarcomas, or sarcomatoid carcinomas. They are relatively rare tumors typically occurring in nulliparous and postmenopausal women. The most common site is the uterus. In ovaries, the reported incidence in the literature is

Complete and incomplete fusion cross sections for $^{6}$Li+$^{159}$Tb have been measured at energies around the Coulomb barrier by the $\gamma$-ray method. The measurements show that the complete fusion cross sections at above-barrier energies are suppressed by $\sim$34% compared to the coupled channels calculations. A comparison of the complete fusion cross sections at above-barrier energies with the existing data of $^{11,10}$B+$^{159}$Tb and $^{7}$Li+$^{159}$Tb shows that the extent of suppression is correlated with the $\alpha$-separation energies of the projectiles. It has been argued that the Dy isotopes produced in the reaction $^{6}$Li+$^{159}$Tb, at below-barrier energies are primarily due to the $d$-transfer to unbound states of $^{159}$Tb, while both transfer and incomplete fusion processes contribute at above-barrier energies., Comment: Phys. Rev. C (accepted)

We examine the marginal effects of decentralized public health spending by incorporating estimates of behavioural responses to changes in public health spending through benefit incidence analysis. The analysis is based on a panel dataset of 207 Indonesian districts over a 4-year period from 2001 to 2004. We show that district-level public health spending is largely driven by central government transfers, with an elasticity of public health spending with respect to district revenues of around 0.9. We find a positive effect of public health spending on utilization of outpatient care in the public sector for the poorest two quartiles. We find no evidence that public expenditures crowd out utilization of private services or household health spending. Our analysis suggests that increased public health spending improves targeting to the poor, as behavioural changes in public health care utilization are pro-poor. Nonetheless, most of the benefits of the additional spending accrued to existing users of services, as initial utilization shares outweigh the behavioural responses.

Measurement of fusion cross sections for the 6,7Li + 24Mg reactions by the characteristic gamma-ray method has been done at energies from below to well above the respective Coulomb barriers. The fusion cross sections obtained from these gamma-ray cross sections for the two systems are found to agree well with the total reaction cross sections at low energies. The decrease of fusion cross sections with increase of energy is consistent with the fact that other channels, in particular breakup open up with increase of bombarding energy. This shows that there is neither inhibition nor enhancement of fusion cross sections for these systems at above or below the barrier. The critical angular momenta (lcr) deduced from the fusion cross sections are found to have an energy dependence similar to other Li - induced reactions., Comment: 1 .pdf file

The elastic scattering for $^6$Li+$^{64}$Ni system was measured in the bombarding energy range of 13 MeV $\leq$ $E_{lab}$ $\leq$ 26 MeV. A phenomenological optical model analysis was performed and the behaviour of the surface strengths of the potential components with decreasing energy was extracted. A further analysis of the measured angular distributions, along with the existing data for $^6$Li+$^{58}$Ni, was performed with two different model potentials - one with the folded potential normalized with a complex factor (OMP1) and the other with a {\it hybrid} potential composed of a renormalized folded real and a phenomenological imaginary (OMP2) potential components - were used in the calculation. All the model potentials predict similar energy dependent behaviour for the interaction potential around the barrier. The observed energy dependence of the strengths of the real and imaginary potentials corroborate with the dispersion relation prediction for both the $^6$Li+$^{64}$Ni and $^6$Li+$^{58}$Ni systems. Though the evidence of breakup is distinct in the energy variation of the potential strengths, close to the barrier the variation is more in the line of conventional threshold anomaly. Also the threshold behaviour of the interaction potential does not indicate any distinct isotopic dependence., Comment: 23 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in Nuclear Physics A

Lipomas of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are rare. They are usually submucosal, but rarely involve the muscle layer or serosa. Most ot submucosal lipomas of GIT are present in the colon (65-75%), small intestine (25%) and rarely in stomach or jejunum. These lesions are usually asymptomatic and rarely are incidentally found in autopsies. During lifetime, they are detected when they cause intussusceptions and obstructive symptoms. These lesions can also rarely become ulcerated causing symptoms that come to notice. The present case report is of submucous lipoma in the terminal ileum. A 45-year-old female came complaining of pain in the abdomen, gradually increasing over a period of 4 days. Computerized tomography scan revealed a mass in the submucosa. She was operated, and histopathology examination confirmed the mass as lipoma in the submucosa as well as within the muscle layer of the small intestine.

Complete fusion excitations for 11,10B+159Tb have been measured at energies around the respective Coulomb barriers, and the existing complete fusion measurements for 7Li+159Tb have been extended to higher energies. The measurements show significant reduction of complete fusion cross sections at above-barrier energies for both the reactions, 10B+159Tb and 7Li+159Tb, when compared to those for 11B+159Tb. The comparison shows that the extent of suppression of complete fusion cross sections is correlated with the -separation energies of the projectiles. Also, the two reactions, 10B+159Tb and 7Li+159Tb were found to produce incomplete fusion products at energies near the respective Coulomb barriers, with the - particle emitting channel being the favoured incomplete fusion process in both the cases., 10 pages, 4 figures To be published in Phys. Letts. B

Background: Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in selected groups can produce an indication of secular trends of the infection. In this article, we studied the trend of HIV infection in voluntary blood donors over a period of 7 years. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a blood bank of a tertiary care hospital. More than 16,500 donors were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HIV infection over a period of 7 years. Statistical Analysis: Trend analysis was performed to identify the year-wise HIV positivity pattern among the blood donors during the study period. Cochrane-Armitage Chi square for linear trend was applied to the data to observe whether there was any significant decline in HIV seropositivity among the blood donors. Results: In our study, the seroprevalence of HIV declined from 0.57% in 2006 to 0.18% in 2012. This declining trend tended to be statistically significant (Cochrane-Armitage Chi square for linear trend 3.65, P = 0.056). Conclusion: This study indicated the decreasing trend of HIV seropositivity among voluntary blood donors. Long-term surveillance of blood donors can provide important information on the course of the HIV pandemic.

Tubercular breast abscess is a rare clinical entity and affects women from mainly the Indian subcontinent. It often mimics breast carcinoma and pyogenic breast abscess clinically. Routine laboratory investigations are not helpful in the diagnosis. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or biopsy is essential for diagnosis, and tuberculous culture when positive may be very useful to start antitubercular treatment.

Heterotropic bone formation or intraocular osseous metaplasia is a rare finding. Trauma, chronic inflammation, and long-standing retinal detachment are some of the common etiological factors associated with the onset of intraocular ossification. We report a case of a 16-year-old girl with a history of blunt trauma 6 years back, who complained of right eye blindness. Right eye enucleation was done which on histopathological examination revealed pre-retinal lamellar bone with fatty marrow. We diagnosed her case as intraocular ossification in phthisis bulbi.

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with many neurological illnesses. The status of Vitamin D in Nepalese ischemic stroke patients is still unknown. This study aims to assess the status of vitamin D and its association with stroke risk factors in patients with acute ischemic stroke from Central Nepal. Methods: A total of 60 patients with ischemic stroke were included in the study. Their clinical profile and Vitamin D status were assessed. Frequency distribution, Pearson χ2test and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed for statistical analysis using SPSS-IBM 20. Results: The median (IQR) age of the patient was 65 (53.25, 70.75) years, ranging from 18-87 years. Thirty-four (56.7%) were males. Fourty-eight (80%) patients had hypertension and 34 (56.7%) were smoker. Previous stroke was present in six (10%) cases. Thirty-seven (61.6%) patients had low levels of Vitamin D out of which 26 (43.3%) had vitamin D insufficiency and 11 (18.3%) had vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D level was significantly associated with previous history of stroke (P=0.043). Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency occurs in patients with ischemic stroke. Previous episodes of stroke with low vitamin D levels could be a cause of recurrent strokes. Further studies are necessary to establish the role of vitamin D in acute ischemic stroke in Nepalese population. Keywords: deficiency; nepal; stroke; vitamin D.