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1. New Approaches to Low-Energy Calibration of Cryogenic Detectors

Author

E. Fascione, R. Underwood, R. Germond, M. Peterson-Galema, W. Rau, M. Ghaith, and P. Di Stefano

Subjects
Physics, Work (thermodynamics), Range (particle radiation), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Dark matter, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Wavelength, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, business, Energy (signal processing), Light-emitting diode
Abstract

Searches for dark matter with cryogenic detectors are pushing to lower energy thresholds at each development stage. Consequently, new approaches for detector calibration at the proposed energy scales are necessary. In the case of SuperCDMS SNOLAB, energy thresholds in the range of a few eV are expected. In this paper, we are reporting R&D work for new ideas to calibrate cryogenic detectors in the eV range utilizing LEDs of various wavelengths operated at cryogenic temperatures.

Published
2020
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2. Light Dark Matter Search with a High-Resolution Athermal Phonon Detector Operated Above Ground

Author

E. Azadbakht, C. W. Fink, C. Cartaro, R. Mahapatra, M. A. Bowles, S. Banik, Eric W. Hoppe, H. Neog, R. A. Cameron, John L. Orrell, C. Bathurst, R. Calkins, D. A. Bauer, S. S. Poudel, D. MacDonell, V. Novati, M. H. Kelsey, M. Diamond, P. Cushman, P. Lukens, Yu Kai Chang, P. Pakarha, J. K. Nelson, Tarek Saab, N. Mast, L. Wills, J. Winchell, R. Partridge, L. V. S. Bezerra, Fernando Ponce, Ziqing Hong, H. G. Zhang, N. Herbert, H. R. Harris, P. L. Brink, D. W. P. Amaral, L. Zheng, M. J. Wilson, D. J. Sincavage, W. A. Page, Bernard Sadoulet, M. Chaudhuri, Blas Cabrera, J. Street, Martin E. Huber, A. E. Robinson, E. Lopez Asamar, N. Mirabolfathi, É. M. Michaud, Bedangadas Mohanty, A. J. Mayer, A. Li, H. Coombes, Noah Kurinsky, I. J. Arnquist, L. Hsu, J. Sander, T. C. Yu, Sunil Golwala, K. Fouts, A. Jastram, J. D. Morales Mendoza, R. W. Schnee, M. Ghaith, Amy Roberts, D. Toback, Ruth Lawrence, T. Binder, Bruno Serfass, A. Kubik, Matt Pyle, T. Aralis, J. Corbett, J. Camilleri, D. Jardin, Matthew Fritts, H. Meyer Zu Theenhausen, V. K. S. Kashyap, C. Stanford, M. I. Hollister, R. Bhattacharyya, Vuk Mandic, E. Michielin, D. H. Wright, A. Sattari, E. Reid, S. J. Yellin, Tsuguo Aramaki, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, R. Ren, F. De Brienne, G. Gerbier, R. Germond, I. Alkhatib, B. A. Hines, S. Zuber, Betty A. Young, Seema Verma, B. von Krosigk, Yu. G. Kolomensky, S. L. Watkins, S. Nagorny, E. Fascione, John Wilson, D. B. MacFarlane, David G. Cerdeño, R. Bunker, Emily Z. Zhang, V. Iyer, R. Chen, R. Podviianiuk, R. Underwood, Ben Loer, Jodi Cooley, A. N. Villano, S. M. Oser, Xingbo Zhao, T. Reynolds, I. Ataee Langroudy, D. Barker, M. L. di Vacri, S. Scorza, W. Rau, N. Chott, and UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Above Grounds, Phonon, Dark matter, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Cryogenic Detectors, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Light Dark Matter, Scattering Cross Section, 0103 physical sciences, Energy Resolutions, Dark Matter Searches, 010306 general physics, Light dark matter, Physics, Dark Matter Particles, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, Detector, Resolution (electron density), Física, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Particle, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Energy (signal processing), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present limits on spin-independent dark matter-nucleon interactions using a $10.6$ $\mathrm{g}$ Si athermal phonon detector with a baseline energy resolution of $\sigma_E=3.86 \pm 0.04$ $(\mathrm{stat.})^{+0.19}_{-0.00}$ $(\mathrm{syst.})$ $\mathrm{eV}$. This exclusion analysis sets the most stringent dark matter-nucleon scattering cross-section limits achieved by a cryogenic detector for dark matter particle masses from $93$ to $140$ $\mathrm{MeV}/c^2$, with a raw exposure of $9.9$ $\mathrm{g}\cdot\mathrm{d}$ acquired at an above-ground facility. This work illustrates the scientific potential of detectors with athermal phonon sensors with eV-scale energy resolution for future dark matter searches., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, this version includes ancillary files from official data release

Published
2020
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3. Erratum: First Dark Matter Constraints from a SuperCDMS Single-Charge Sensitive Detector [Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 , 051301 (2018)]

Author

Betty A. Young, C. Cartaro, A. Kennedy, A. Phipps, Blas Cabrera, Chitrasen Jena, E. Fascione, D. H. Wright, Jodi Cooley, J. V. Leyva, Noah Kurinsky, R. Mahapatra, M. H. Kelsey, W. Rau, T. Binder, C. Stanford, Xingbo Zhao, E. Azadbakht, S. Scorza, E. H. Miller, P. L. Brink, Danielle Speller, J. Street, Amy Roberts, S. J. Yellin, Tsuguo Aramaki, P. Di Stefano, A. N. Villano, Matthew Fritts, S. M. Oser, R. Calkins, B. von Krosigk, Vuk Mandic, H. E. Rogers, R. Agnese, H. R. Harris, M. A. Bowles, T. Reynolds, H. Qiu, A. E. Robinson, V. Iyer, P. Lukens, W. A. Page, C. W. Fink, J. Sander, M. Stein, Martin E. Huber, Bruno Serfass, S. L. Watkins, John Wilson, D. Barker, I. J. Arnquist, D. Jardin, D. A. Bauer, S. Banik, Eric W. Hoppe, J. K. Nelson, S. S. Poudel, W. Baker, B. Cornell, T. Doughty, Fernando Ponce, A. Reisetter, L. Hsu, Ziqing Hong, J. D. Morales Mendoza, John L. Orrell, J. So, X. Zhang, N. Mirabolfathi, D. MacDonell, R. Underwood, Bedangadas Mohanty, A. Scarff, D. Toback, Tarek Saab, N. Mast, G. Gerbier, M. J. Wilson, Ben Loer, Hiromasa Tanaka, R. K. Romani, M. Pepin, David G. Cerdeño, T. Aralis, Matt Pyle, M. Ghaith, A. Kubik, Kartik Senapati, R. Partridge, Sunil Golwala, Yen-Yung Chang, J. Winchell, Bernard Sadoulet, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, E. Lopez Asamar, Ruth Lawrence, R. Germond, R. Bunker, R. W. Schnee, and P. Cushman

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Detector, Dark matter, General Physics and Astronomy, Charge (physics)
Abstract

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051301.

Published
2019
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4. Energy loss due to defect formation from 206Pb recoils in SuperCDMS germanium detectors

Author

I. J. Arnquist, Steve Yellin, D. Toback, Dennis Wright, R. Mahapatra, Nicholas Mast, Andrew Scarff, Todd Doughty, Vijay Iyer, Lauren Hsu, Allison Kennedy, Betty A. Young, Danika MacDonell, Amy Roberts, Dan Jardin, R. Germond, Vuk Mandic, Matt Pyle, P. Cushman, Jorge Morales, A. N. Villano, Dan Bauer, S. M. Oser, John L. Orrell, Matthew Wilson, Kartik Senapati, Francisco Ponce, Alan Robinson, Ryan Underwood, Concetta Cartaro, Belina von Krosigk, Hang Qiu, J. Street, William Page, Brett Cornell, Jodi Cooley, S. L. Watkins, Ben Loer, Andrew Kubik, M. Pepin, Eric W. Hoppe, Hirohisa Tanaka, Michael Bowles, R. Calkins, J. Sander, E. H. Miller, David G. Cerdeño, Angela Reisetter, Xiaohe Zhang, Rusty Harris, T. Aralis, Samir Banik, Jon Wilson, Paul Brink, Eleanor Fascione, N. Mirabolfathi, Bedangadas Mohanty, Wolfgang Rau, Matthew Stein, Blas Cabrera, Richard Lawrence, Elias Lopez-Asamar, Sudip Poudel, Matt Fritts, Bruno Serfass, Silvia Scorza, Chitrasen Jena, Noah Kurinsky, Elham Azadbakht, R. Bunker, Muad Ghaith, D'Ann Barker, Bernard Sadoulet, Hannah Rogers, Philippe Di Stefano, R. W. Schnee, Tyler Reynolds, Sunil Golwala, Yen-Yung Chang, Tom Ren, Jack Nelson, William Baker, R. Partridge, Pat Lukens, Martin E. Huber, Danielle Speller, Ziqing Hong, Gilles Gerbier, C. W. Fink, Michael Kelsey, Tali Figueroa, Robert Agnese, Joshua Winchell, Xuji Zhao, Tsuguo Aramaki, Tarek Saab, and Thomas Binder

Subjects
Energy loss, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Physics - Applied Physics, Threshold energy, chemistry, Frenkel defect, Cryogenic Dark Matter Search, Energy (signal processing), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The Super Cryogenic Dark Matter Search experiment (SuperCDMS) at the Soudan Underground Laboratory studied energy loss associated with Frenkel defect formation in germanium crystals at mK temperatures using in situ $^{210}$Pb sources. We examine the spectrum of $^{206}$Pb nuclear recoils near its expected 103 keV endpoint energy and determine an energy loss of $\left(6.08\pm0.18\right)$ %, which we attribute to defect formation. From this result and using TRIM simulations, we extract the first experimentally determined average displacement threshold energy of $\left(19.7^{+0.6}_{-0.5}\right)$ eV for germanium. This has implications for the analysis thresholds of future germanium-based dark matter searches., 4 Figures, Two data files, One data release description file

Published
2018

5. Results from the Super Cryogenic Dark Matter Search Experiment at Soudan

Author

Tarek Saab, N. Mast, A. N. Villano, S. M. Oser, P. L. Brink, C. Cartaro, T. Reynolds, H. R. Harris, D. A. Bauer, W. A. Page, B. Welliver, S. S. Poudel, W. Baker, N. Mirabolfathi, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, R. Partridge, A. Kennedy, J. J. Yen, Jodi Cooley, Blas Cabrera, Betty A. Young, B. Cornell, Chitrasen Jena, D. H. Wright, D. Balakishiyeva, A. Phipps, S. Banik, Eric W. Hoppe, J. D. Morales Mendoza, Noah Kurinsky, Xingbo Zhao, A. E. Robinson, Yu Kai Chang, T. Binder, S. Scorza, Matthew Fritts, D. Barker, Bernard Sadoulet, Vuk Mandic, Sunil Golwala, I. J. Arnquist, G. Godfrey, Amy Roberts, P. Di Stefano, Martin E. Huber, M. H. Kelsey, S. J. Yellin, Tsuguo Aramaki, D. Jardin, John Wilson, M. Stein, D. O. Caldwell, L. Hsu, P. Cushman, E. Lopez Asamar, R. Agnese, R. Underwood, D. Toback, J. Hall, Miguel Daal, J. K. Nelson, X. Zhang, M. Peñalver Martinez, Bedangadas Mohanty, Matt Pyle, M. A. Bowles, B. von Krosigk, A. Jastram, Kartik Senapati, J. Sander, Hiromasa Tanaka, John L. Orrell, D. MacDonell, K. Schneck, E. Fascione, M. Pepin, V. Iyer, R. W. Schnee, R. Basu Thakur, K. L. Page, R. Calkins, T. Doughty, H. E. Rogers, H. Qiu, P. Redl, B. Loer, B. Serfass, E. H. Miller, R. Germond, Yi Chen, P. Lukens, Ziqing Hong, M. J. Wilson, Danielle Speller, M. Ghaith, A. Kubik, R. Mahapatra, J. Street, David G. Cerdeño, G. Gerbier, R. Bunker, A. Reisetter, and W. Rau

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Weakly interacting massive particles, 0103 physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Cryogenic Dark Matter Search, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, Event (particle physics)
Abstract

We report the result of a blinded search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) using the majority of the SuperCDMS Soudan data set. With an exposure of 1690 kg d, a single candidate event is observed, consistent with expected backgrounds. This analysis (combined with previous Ge results) sets an upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP–nucleon cross section of 1.4×10−44 (1.0×10−44) cm2 at 46 GeV/c2. These results set the strongest limits for WIMP–germanium-nucleus interactions for masses >12 GeV/c2.

Published
2018
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6. Susceptibility or resistance to Leishmania infection is dictated by the macrophages evolved under the influence of IL-3 or GM-CSF

Author

B, Saha, A, Saini, R, Germond, P J, Perrin, D M, Harlan, and T A, Davis

Subjects
Mice, Inbred BALB C, Interleukin-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Macrophages, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer, In Vitro Techniques, Adoptive Transfer, Interleukin-12, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Interferon-gamma, Mice, Animals, Female, Immunization, Interleukin-3, Leishmania major
Abstract

Although enhanced monocytopoiesis is a hallmark of leishmaniasis, its significance in determining the course of the disease has not been addressed. While the number of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-secreting cells increases in the draining lymph nodes in a resistant mouse strain (C57BL/6) during disease, in a susceptible strain (BALB/c) the number of interleukin-3 (IL-3)-secreting cells increases. Treatment of BALB/c mice with anti-IL-3 antibody significantly reduces the disease score. Bone marrow macrophages derived under stimulation with IL-3 (IL-3-Mphi) or GM-CSF (GM-Mphi) differ functionally. GM-Mphi are significantly more responsive to IFN-gamma-induced augmentation and more refractory to IL-4-mediated suppression of anti-leishmanial activity than IL-3-Mphi. LPS-induced IL-12 and TNF-alpha secretion by both the susceptible and resistant strain-derived macrophage subsets are down-regulated. Despite down-regulation of IL-12 secretion, GM-Mphi favor expansion of IFN-gamma-secreting cells and IL-3-Mphi favor IL-6-dependent expansion of the IL-4-secreting Th subset. Adoptive transfer of leishmanial antigen-pulsed IL-3-Mphi and GM-Mphi prior to infection either aggravated or reduced the disease score, respectively, in BALB/c mice. Anti-IL-6 treatment reverted the Th subset profile not only in vitro but also in vivo, resulting in a reduced disease score in both infected BALB/c mice and IL-3-Mphi recipients. The disease score in IL-3-Mphi recipients is also reduced significantly after anti-IL-4 treatment.

Published
1999

7. CTLA4 (CD152) modulates the Th subset response and alters the course of experimental Leishmania major infection

Author

B, Saha, S, Chattopadhyay, R, Germond, D M, Harlan, and P J, Perrin

Subjects
Mice, Inbred BALB C, Immunoconjugates, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, Th1 Cells, Antigens, Differentiation, Abatacept, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Interferon-gamma, Mice, Th2 Cells, Antigens, CD, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Animals, CTLA-4 Antigen, Female, Interleukin-4, Leishmania major
Abstract

Since both the nature and the amplitude of an antigen-specific T cell response are dependent on co-stimulatory signals, we have investigated the role of CD28/CD152-mediated T cell co-stimulation in the regulation of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. CD28-deficient mice and their wild-type littermates are equally susceptible to Leishmania major infection. Whole anti-CD152 antibody significantly exacerbates the disease while anti-CD152 Fab ameliorates the disease in genetically susceptible BALB/c mice but not in C57BL/6, a resistant strain. The anti-CD152-induced exacerbation of the disease is accompanied by increased IL-4-secreting cell number, diminished parasite-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and augmented anti-2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP) IgG1 in response to TNP-leishmanial antigen crude soluble antigen (CSA), suggesting an exaggerated Th2 type of response. Anti-CD152 Fab-mediated amelioration of the disease is associated with increased IFN-gamma-secreting cell number, increased parasite-specific DTH response and enhanced IgG2a isotype in response to TNP-CSA suggesting a Th1 type of response. Unlike TNP-CSA, TNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin does not induce the change in Ig isotype, indicating that the immunomodulatory effect of anti-CD152 is antigen specific. Anti-CD152 antibody-induced early change in Th subsets suggests an important role for CD152 in determining the course of L. major infection, perhaps by alteration of Th subset differentiation.

Published
1998

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