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In this paper, we analyse the correlation of the public expenses by functions with real GDP growth, elaborating a model of estimating and forecasting the main public expenses in some selected Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries: Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Bulgaria and Romania. These countries have not adopted the euro yet. This paper presents several forecasting models for the CEE countries public expenditures, during 2015–2016. The models offer a base for the analysis of the potential budgetary implications of the government policies for the target countries. A short- and mid-term forecast for public expenditure is an important part of the modern methods of governmental management for the Central and Eastern European countries. This involves taking into account a wide range of factors, from GDP, inflation, demographic evolution and age share, to public expenditure type correlation. Such a forecast can be obtained with the help of artificial neural networks (ANNs), using the application GMDH Shell, which proved its ability to create complex and accurate forecasts for the economic, social and financial domains.

The aim of this paper is to present a comparative approach of the deposit guarantee funds in different European countries for underlying the advantages or disadvantages for the banking systems and the features of these funds so we can conclude which one is better for the deponents and for the banking systems as a whole.

Massive amounts of data are collected across social media sites, mobile communications, business environments and institutions. In order to efficiently analyze this large quantity of raw data, the concept of Big Data was introduced. This new concept is expected to help education in the near future, by changing the way we approach the e-learning process, by encouraging the interaction between students and teachers, by allowing the fulfilment of the individual requirements and goals of learners. The paper discusses aspects regarding the evolution of Big Data technologies, the way of applying them to e-Learning and their influence on the academic environment. Also, we have designed a three-step system architecture for a consortium of universities, based on actual software solutions, having the purpose to analyze, organize and access huge data sets in the Cloud environment. We focused our research on exploring unstructured data using the graphical Gephi tool.

The privatization has as purpose to reestablish the functionality of a type of property under the public agreement. The privatization of banks brings both positive and beneficial aspects, but also some notions with a negative impact that influence the capital markets and banking system. Among the benefits we can include: the increase of the effectiveness and performance of the banking operations, the implementation of some effective structures that lead to the gradual integration of the banking system into the greatly developed economies, the improvement and perfecting of the bank services. In Romania, the privatization of banks started rather late and in some cases it turned up to be very difficult. Romanian banking system is dominated by the Austrian and Greek investors. The Romanian banking system is very concentrated, but the intermediation level is still lower than in other European or Eastern European countries.

Business Intelligence(BI) technologies are trying to help people understand the data much faster, so that they can decide better and faster and eventually make a move forward towards the accomplishment of the objectives of the business. The key goals which are behind BI objectives are the growth of organizational efficiency and output.We will deal with two aspects concerning the factor “time”, a very important element in the management of sales and those are: - the diminution of time to obtain the reports of analysis – this thing results from an analysis done in some Romanian companies which have implemented BI solutions.- the effective accomplishment of the reports of analysis concerning the evolution in different periods of time (daily, weekly, monthly, annually, etc) of some economical indicators useful in the management of sales.

This paper presents an analysis of the Romanian card market in the last decade, based on the statistic data, against other Eastern European Countries and its perspectives in the next years. The use of cards is important for banks, due to the significant interests and tax gained this way, but Romanian market is still underdeveloped because of the population behavior in the payment area and due to the lack of the card acceptance infrastructure at the merchants for a long period of time. In Romania, there are still many cards with a cash-withdrawals function, but the Romanian card industry has a great potential, because it was underdeveloped. The crisis was an opportunity on the market cards because the credit products have dropped significantly and banks had to develop other banking products, realized the importance of the cards and began to invest in infrastructure.

TNCs have several advantages over local firms in using new technologies for export activity. They have large internal reserves of skill, technical support, experience and finance to design and implement the learning process. They have access to major export markets, established marketing channels and well-known brand names. They can transfer particular components or processes from a production chain to a developing country and integrate it into an international system. Such supply-side upgrading needs government support. Moreover, a policy to induce TNCs to enter more advanced activities by offering such incentives as specialized infrastructure and skills can accelerate the upgrading process. With a completely passive policy, TNC exports can remain at low, technologically too small, levels. Thus, a TNC dependent export strategy needs a proactive element for dynamic competitiveness. More important, an FDIdependent strategy is not a substitute for building domestic capabilities.

The banking sector manifests abstentions in what concerns the granting of loans to economical agents in agriculture, and it doesn’t seem to be any competition between banks concerning the offer of this banking product. The commercial banks use their own funds for agriculture’s lending in a small measure and in the conditions in which the respective loans are guaranteed by different funds or agencies. Beginning with 2003 there have been conditions that agriculture’s lending market to be labeled with an expansion process in Romania, as a consequence of the start off of the rural financing project clinched between Romania and The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development in 2001. Another important factor is constituted by the improvement of the legal framework concerning the agricultural insurances.

Measuring customer satisfaction can be considered a tool for monitoring, evaluation and quality improvement processes and internal activities, to reflect the degree to which organizations achieve their objectives and goals. The quality of management and the quality of various products have become critical coordinates of the competitiveness, so that the firms are determined to use the methods and techniques of quality management as their economic development engines. Customer’ satisfaction has become one of the most important goals for companies operating in the Romanian market. It is also a necessary tool for providing information about customer’s needs and behavior. Talking of satisfaction, the consumer always seeks to compare the performance of the product, with certain standards and they have required to inform themselves and to reflect upon purchasing the product. To a better analyze of the degree of satisfaction, we implemented a model based on a questionnaire that allows us to detect and evaluatee the reasons for the satisfaction / dissatisfaction of the consumers in terms of quality regarding Dacia cars on the Romanian market.

WOS: 000473289000012, Considering the high current account deficits worldwide and the growing importance of tourism to GDP in many countries, the impact of the exchange rate fluctuations on the tourism demand and on the current account of the balance of payments became crucial during the last decades. That is why many researchers focused on studying this impact in the context of different exchange rate regimes. Tourism has a significant positive impact on Spain's trade balance, because Spain ranks 1st globally if we consider tourist arrivals. FED proceeded to many adjustments of its currency against other currencies to boost tourism industry. Thus, we estimated the impact of the exchange rate on trade balance in tourism with Turkey in the short and long run by using the non-linear ARDL cointegration approach because Turkey is the one of the main trade partner of Spain and this bilateral relation has not been studied so far in the economic literature. Our results show that the Euro depreciation boosts Turkey tourist arrivals, while the Euro appreciation is not significant for Spain's tourism balance. Based on these results, we designed some policy recommendations.