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Introduction and aim: E-selectin, a cell adhesion molecule depicting nexus with oxidative stress in hyperglycemia has been documented in several other clinical conditions. The present study centers around the putative role of E-selectin as a biomarker of diabetic nephropathy linked to oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: 150 type 2 diabetics in the age group of 35 - 50 years were classified into three groups, comprising 50 each, based on albuminuria. Fifty healthy age and gender matched individuals constituted the control. Extracellular E-selectin and Insulin were quantitated appropriately. Measurement of HbA1c and microalbumin were also enabled. Routine biochemistry analyses were undertaken, based on established automated procedures. The study was initiated only following approval accorded by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: E-selectin levels in serum were significantly associated with Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (UACR) and Insulin resistance in the light of estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate. Conclusion: E-selectin levels could thus act as a putative biomarker of diabetic nephropathy linked to oxidative stress, as observed in insulin resistant type 2 diabetes.

Aluminium (Al) based composites enhance the mechanical and wear behavior by heat treatment. The quenching factors like cooling agent, cooling rate and temperature of cooling are expected to influence the hardness, tensile, and wear behavior of the Al MMCs. This research shows the outcomes of a sequence of experiments to find the wear and mechanical behavior of the Al6061-Al2O3-MoS2 hybrid composites are quenched with different quenching agents. Hardening of the developed hybrid composites was carried out at 510ºC for the time period of 2 hours. Later, the same composite samples were quenched in ice cubes and water separately. Finally, age-hardening was done at 180ºC temperature for 4 hours and then the samples were cooled under room temperature. Heat treated hybrid composites were subjected to evaluate the hardness, tensile, and wear behavior. The outcomes reveal that the heat treatment significantly enhances the wear and mechanical behavior of hybrid composites. High mechanical strength and improved wear characteristics were observed in the hybrid composites which were quenched using ice cubes. The fractured surface of the tensile test samples and the wornout surface of wear test specimens were studied using a SEM analysis.

Aluminum composites exhibit high resistance to wear and corrosion, possess high strength, offer durability and more such properties. In this study, Al7075, reinforced with nano size SiC - Gr was produced by a stir casting technique and its microstructure and mechanical behavior were evaluated. Reinforcements were added in the range of 0 - 3 wt. %. The microstructure study, tensile and compression strength of the developed hybrid Metal Matrix Composites have been analyzed and examined. From the investigational study, it was found that the reinforcements are evenly dispersed in the base material. The porosity and density of the developed composites were found to be enhanced. The mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile and compressive strength of the developed MMCs could be improved by addition of SiC particulates compared to base material. Further, the strength of developed hybrid composites was found to be decreased by adding of solid lubricant such as graphite (Gr) particulates along with hard ceramic particulates. Finally, fractured surface of the tensile test specimens were analysed using a SEM analysis.

Economic-emission load dispatch minimizes fuel cost factors and gas emissions to provide optimal performance in generation units in a power plant, ensuring demand supply. The first variable is definitive to maintain business continuity, and the second to assure compliance with environmental legislation and no environmental harm. This work investigates the application of a new computational optimization technique known as the Search and Rescue Optimization Algorithm (SAR), which improves searching capability by employing specified parameters. This algorithm has three effective parameters and works with all generators to minimize the cost and emission while satisfying the defined demand. Simulations were run on multiple IEEE test systems with varying demand values. The obtained findings were compared to each other as well as to the results of other procedures mentioned in the literature. The acquired results appear to be superior to those achieved by other metaheuristics algorithms.

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the organism that causes tuberculosis to develop (TB). In 2019, 10 million individuals worldwide contracted tuberculosis, with 1.4 million people dying from the disease each year (World Health Organization, 2021). Hydrazones-hydrazide-based drugs have been shown to be bactericidal against M. tuberculosis replication. Objectives: We herein intended to synthesize a series of acid hydrazones (3a-3l) by condensing 4-nitrobenzohydrazine with substituted aromatic acids in ethanol at room temperature. Materials and Methods: All newly synthesized compounds were characterized by standard spectroscopic techniques. Synthesized compounds were then tested for anti-mycobacterial analysis, H37Rv strains. Molecular docking analysis was performed for three crystal structures of 1ENY, 1TED and 2FUM Mycobacterium tuberculosis receptors. Results: Among all tested molecules, 3i (MIC: 50 μg/mL) and 3b (MIC: 50 μg/mL) were found to best ligands for further development of new anti-TB drug. We noticed that our proposed molecules were having higher docking scores that corresponding standard anti-TB agents such as Ciprofloxacin and Isoniazid. Synthesized compounds were found to have Drug-Likeness properties when tested with Lipinski’s filter for drug-likeness. Conclusion: From our current study, we wish to propose N'-arylidene-4-nitrobenzohydrazides as anti-TB agents. Agents with such system can be developed in future for developments into active lead molecules.

In this work, we have presented an efficient approach for classification of text and non-text document information from real time office documents images which are bilingual using a deep learning approach i.e., U-net architecture for experimentation purpose. We have created our own dataset containing 2000 document images. Initially pre-processing is applied on the input document images proposed method is compared with other existing methods and obtained accuracy of 99.62% different performance measure i.e., (Specificity, Sensitivity, Precision, F1-Score) used in the experimentation.

Background: L-proline is a natural amino acid having secondary amine functionality and acts as a bifunctional catalyst (organo-catalyst). The amino-functional group acts as Lewis base type while carboxylic acids act as Brønsted acid type catalysts. It catalyzed different asymmetric syntheses, including known reactions such as Aldol condensation, Mannich reaction, Michael Addition, Knoevenagel condensation, Hantzsch synthesis, OXA-Michael Henry tandem, Ullmann reactions, Wieland-Miescher ketone synthesis, Robinson annulation, Biginelli reaction, α- amination. It is also an essential catalyst for synthesizing heterocyclic skeletons such as coumarin, spiro-oxindoles, imidazoles, benzimidazoles, quinoxalines, podophyllotoxin, benzothiazoles, isoxazolidines, phenothiazines, aziridine, indole, 1,5-benzodiazepines, pyridine, and quinazolines. Objective: In this review, we had the objective to critically summarize the use of proline and proline derivatives as catalysts of multicomponent reactions performed in various media and leading to synthetically and biologically relevant heterocycles, a very important class of compounds that constitutes over 60% of drugs and agrochemicals. Methods: All scholarly articles for L-Proline catalyzed reactions were retrieved from ScienceDirect, Google Scholar , PubMed, etc. Results and Conclusion: Given the importance of L-Proline based reactions, it has been observed to have tremendous applications in organic chemistry. It can also act as a 'Green catalyst'.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an organism that causes tuberculosis (TB). In 2019, 10 million individuals worldwide contracted tuberculosis, with 1.4 million people dying from the disease each year (World Health Organization, 2021). Hydrazones- hydrazide-based drugs have been shown to be bactericidal against M. tuberculosis replication.We herein intended to synthesize a series of acid hydrazones (3a-3l) by condensing 4-nitrobenzohydrazine with substituted aromatic acids in ethanol at room temperature.All newly synthesized compounds were characterized by standard spectroscopic techniques. Synthesized compounds were then tested for anti-mycobacterial activity against H37Rv strains. Molecular docking analysis was performed for three crystal structures of 1ENY, 1TED and 2FUM Mycobacterium tuberculosis receptors.Among all tested molecules, 3i (MIC: 50 μg/mL) and 3b (MIC: 50 μg/mL) were found to be the best ligands for further development of new anti-TB drug. We found that our proposed molecules have higher docking scores, corresponding standard anti-TB agents, such as ciprofloxacin and isoniazid. Synthesized compounds were found to have druglikeness properties when tested with Lipinski's filter for drug-likeness.Our current study proposes N'-arylidene-4-nitrobenzohydrazides as anti-TB agents. Agents with such system can be developed in future for development into active lead molecules.

Introduction: Post operative pain relief is desired goal after tonsillectomy, infiltration of local anesthetic with or without adjuvant can reduce post tonsillectomy pain. Objective: To compare the postoperative analgesic efficacy and side-effects of peritonsillar-infiltration of ropivacaine with or without dexmeditomidine. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients aged 4-14 years posted for tonsillectomy under GA were randomly assigned in two groups of 30 each. In group R: Inj. ropivacaine (0.5%) 0.2ml/kg and in group RD: Inj.ropivacaine (0.5%) 0.2 ml/kg + Inj. dexmeditomidine 1mcg/kg were infiltrated in peritonsillar fossa post tonsillectomy. Patient were monitored for post-operative pain using VAS score, CHEOPS score and Wong baker pain rating scale at 30 minute, 1hr, 2hr, 4hr, 10 hr, 16hr and 24hr, pain on deglutination, time to first analgesic requirement, total dose of analgesics requirement in 24 hr postoperatively, amount of bleeding and parent’s satisfaction score. Results: VAS score, CHEOPS and Wong baker pain rating scale were comparable in both the groups at 30 min, 1hr, 2hr (P >0.05) but it was significantly low in group RD as compared to group R at 4hr, 10hr, 16hr and 24hr (P Conclusion: We concluded, peritonsillar infiltration of ropivacaine with or without dexmeditomidine is effective method for post-tonsillectomy pain relief. Addition of dexmeditomidine was found to prolong duration, decrease analgesic requirement and improve parent’s satisfaction score. Keywords: Tonsillectomy, Visual analog score, CHEOPS, Wong baker pain rating scale, Ropivacaine and dexmeditomidine.

Introduction: It is important for parturient to have less pain and to ambulate early in order to prevent venous thrombosis and to facilitate child care. Transversusabdominis plane (TAP) block is a recent peripheral nerve block technique which is used for the lower abdominal wall surgical procedure. Materials and Methods: Study was carried out in 60 patients. Patients were randomly divided in two groups of 30 patients each by computer generated random no. method. After completion of caesarean section under spinal anesthesia, TAP block was given with 15 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine bilaterally in group Band with 15 ml of 0.25% ropivacaine bilaterally in group R. Pain severity was measured by Visual Analog Scale. Total dose and frequency of rescue analgesics required in 24 hours, effect on hemodynamic variables, side effects & complications if any were noted. Result: VAS score have significantly less in group R (PPP Conclusion: There has been growing interest in regional nerve block techniques in recent era with significant results on efficacy, as they decrease the requirement of supplemental analgesia. TAP block is a very effective technique with excellent efficacy after various abdominal surgeries including cesarean section. Keywords: TAP block, Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine.

An attempt is made to find out the structural and magnetic properties of Al3+ and Gd3+ doped nickel ferrite in this literature. The substitution of doping creates additional phases in the respective materials, which plays an important role in many technological applications due to their controlled physical properties. Over the substitution of Al3+ and Gd3+ in pure NiFe2O4 decrease in the saturation magnetization (Ms) and Curie temperature (Tc) of the nickel ferrite. Therefore, NiFe1.96Al0.02Gd0.02O4 nanoparticles were synthesized and investigated for their structural and magnetic properties considering a good candidate for high-frequency applications. NiFe1.96Al0.02Gd0.02O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by employing the sol-gel auto-combustion technique using glycine as a fuel. X-ray diffraction studies of NiFe1.96Al0.02Gd0.02O4 nanoparticles were carried out to study the structural parameter and phase purity. XRD pattern revealed the presence of Bragg’s reflections which belong to the cubic spinel structure. The crystallite size (t) was estimated using Debye-Scherrer’s formula and found to be 21.18 nm which is again determined by the Williamson-Hall method and found to be 20.69 nm following our expectations. The measurement of magnetic parameters was carried out by M–H plot which was recorded using pulse-field hysteresis loop tracer at room temperature. Using the M-H plots the values of saturation magnetization (Ms), remanence magnetization (Mr), and coercivity (Hc) were recorded as 34.59 emu/g, 12.14 emu/g, and 291 Oe respectively.

A Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) transceiver utilized for a single antenna FMCW radar in this research. However, the Transmitter (Tx) leakage is too hard in single antenna FMCW based on CMOS technology. To overcome this issue, a comprehensive leakage cancelling method was introduced in this research, which is able to withdraw the leakages produced by balanced structure, lossy substrate with extra area/power and antenna reflection. Power Divider (PD) passive device is used based on three-way transformer to divide the Differential Input Signal (DIS) to three input in three output orthogonal orders. Gilbert Mixer (GM) was used in proposed transceiver architecture instead of passive mixers to improve linearity and bandwidth at a low intermediate frequency. Neutralization capacitors with differential cascade amplifier was done in Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) to find gain and stability for receiver part. In this research, the GM based FMCW transceiver was implemented with 140 GHz bandwidth in 45nm CMOS technology. The experimental outcome showed that the GM-FMCW transceiver improved the performance of and compared to exiting transceiver designs.

Digital systems interfaced networks predominantly govern present day society. Authentication of an individual is of greater importance for security and protection of a robust network-based world. Biometric recognition is one of the interests for researchers to cater this need. Person identification based on voice recognition using mean clustering and medoid clustering approaches are implemented and analyzed here. The pre-emphasized speech signal acquired by microphone is subjected to silence removal and endpoint detection. The time series speech waveform thus obtained is subjected to MFCC and pitch computation. Three classes of c-means: Hard c-means, fuzzy c-means, and rough c- means algorithms are implemented and compared with three classes of medoid algorithms: hard c-medoid, fuzzy c-medoids, and rough c-medoid. The fuzzy c-medoid algorithm outperforms the other voice-recognition systems in terms of recognition accuracy.

A highly efficient magnetically separable nano cobalt ferrite catalyst was synthesized via the sol-gel auto combustion method, characterized by powder XRD, SEM, TEM, UV–Visible, FT-IR, magnetic study, and BET isotherm analysis. The synthesized material was found to be an efficient heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst for the synthesis of 2-aryl benzimidazole derivatives via solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis. The notable features of this new protocol include solvent-free reaction, cost-effectiveness, good yields, and environmental friendliness to afford the products within a short reaction time along with easy recovery and reuse of the nano catalyst.

A highly efficient magnetically recoverable cobalt ferrite nano-catalyst was prepared by sol-gel autocombustion method using glycine as green fuel. The prepared material has been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning. An investigation of its catalytic activity showed it to be a heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst for the synthesis of substituted benzimidazoles. The aqueous ethanol used as green solvent for the reaction. The nm size range of these particles facilitates the catalysis process, as an increased surface area available for the reaction. The easy separation of the catalyst by an external magnet and their recovery and reuse in next cycle reaction are additional benefits.

A profoundly effective magnetically recoverable nano zinc ferrite nanocatalyst was fabricated by means of sol-gel auto ignition strategy. The synthesized nanocatalyst has been completely portrayed by standard techniques for structural, morphological, compositional, surface, magnetic, dielectric, optical and photoluminescence properties individually. The x-ray diffraction pattern affirmed the arrangement of cubic spinel structure with an average crystallite size of 21 nm. FE-SEM images uncovered the circular morphology with nanometric average grain measure (37 nm). The surface area, pore volume and pore radius was observed to be 39.812 m2 g−1, 3.41 cc g−1 and 1.34 nm individually from BET analysis. VSM investigation demonstrated the superparamgnetic nature of the prepared sample with moderate magnetization value and negligible coercivity. The optical band gap deduced from UV–vis spectra was observed to be 2.098 eV. Every one of these properties of zinc nanoferrite makes them brilliant contender for microwave radiation absorption. Further, a proficient and versatile microwave irradiated solvent free synthesis of chalcone derivatives has been developed using prepared zinc nanoferrite catalyst. The remarkable highlights of this new protocol are solvent free reaction, economical cheapness, eco-friendliness, high yields, reduced reaction times and easy recovery and reuse of zinc ferrite nanocatalyst.

Cyanoacrylates are solvent free adhesives that cure rapidly when pressed into a thin film between two surfaces. Their ease availability and use in various formulations made them attractive to manufacturers a wide variety of medical devices. Unfortunately, earlier generations of cyanoacrylates had several limitations, such as poor thermal resistance and peel strength. Subsequent developments in cyanoacrylate technology have greatly expanded the performance of these adhesives. This rubber-toughened, surface-insensitive, thermally resistant cyanoacrylate offers advantages over earlier toughened products which has been recently patented. compatiblity that flexes with the skin and remains inherent for longer time. This stronger, flexible bond may allow its use on longer incisions. This technology has a proposed the production of several cyanoacrylate adhesives of different ester radical lengths, by introducing a new degradation and stabilization system of cyanoacrylate oligomers depoly- merisation. As compared to the known methods the cyanoacrylate technology is cleaner, faster and simple.

This study examines Self-concept in relationship with Family environment among adolescents. The study involved a total of 137 adolescents in the age group from 17-19 years, Adolescents’s Self Concept Scale – CSCS and CYDS Family Environment Scale was used to measure self-concept and family environment among adolescents. Then the data was scored and statistically analyses by using t-test and correlation. The result of the study revealed that there is no significant difference between male and female adolescents in their self-concept, and also there is no significant difference between male and female in their family environment. There is a highly significant positive correlation between self concept and family environment among adolescents.

Nitriles have been prepared from different aromatic aldehydes by a one‐pot process using hydroxylamine hydrocloride and molecular iodine in the presence of dimethylsulphoxide.

The efficacy of supravital staining in the detection of malignancies in oro and oropharyngeal lesions and its role in the detection of malignant changes in premalignant lesions were studied. This prospective study comprises 90 cases of clinically suspicious lesions and it was done over a period of 3 years. Most of the patients had multiple risk factors for the development of malignancy. All underwent staining with a modified solution of 1% toluidine blue (TB). In our study the overall sensitivity was 97.29% and the specificity was 62.5%.

Neuroborreliosis has very low prevalence in Kentucky and coma due to Lyme disease is uncommon in North America. A patient diagnosed with Lyme disease in Kentucky, based on coma, typical inflammatory changes on brain imaging, and a positive ELISA resulted in an erroneous clinical impression. Diagnosis should have been confirmed by a positive result on Western Blot, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. Physicians must apply careful consideration before diagnosing a rare disease in areas where that condition is uncommon without first eliminating other differential options. Neuroborreliosis clinicalfindings are nonspecific and often require confirmatory testing, especially in nonclassical case presentations.

Nitriles have been prepared from different aromatic aldehydes by a one‐pot process using hydroxylamine hydrocloride and molecular iodine in the presence of dimethylsulphoxide.

This paper presents the results of seismic response analysis of layered ground in Ahmedabad City during the earthquake in Bhuj on 26(th) January 2001. An attempt has been made to understand the reasons for the failure of multistoreyed buildings founded on soft alluvial deposits in Ahmedabad. Standard Penetration test at a site very close to the Sabarmati river belt was carried out for geotechnical investigations. The program SHAKE91, widely used in the field of earthquake engineering for computing the seismic response of horizontally layered soil deposits, was used to analyse the soil profile at the selected site considering the ground as one dimensional layered elastic system. The ground accelerations recorded at the ground floor of the Regional Passport Staff Quarters building, which is very close to the investigated site, was used as input motion. Also, Finite Element Analysis was carried out for different configurations of multistorey building frames for evaluating their natural frequencies and is compared with the predominant frequency of the layered soil system. The results reveal that the varying degree of damage to multistorey buildings in the close proximity of Sabarmati river area was essentially due to the large amplification of the ground and the near resonance condition.