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Gibbons (Hylobatidae) are exclusively arboreal small apes only inhabiting in tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia [1]. Gibbons in Nomascus have 52 chromosomes and adult males and females are almost the same body size.

Gibbons (Hylobatidae) are exclusively arboreal small apes only inhabiting in tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia [1]. Gibbons in Nomascus have 52 chromosomes and adult males and females are almost the same body size.

To achieve the goal of “carbon peak, carbon neutralization”, the proportion of renewable energy access will continue to increase, which will bring a severe test to the balance adjustment ability of the new power system, and the demand for flexible adjustment and real-time balance of the power system will continue to increase. However, pumped storage power stations and grid-side energy storage facilities, which are flexible peak-shaving resources, have relatively high investment and operation costs. 5G base station energy storage to participate in demand response can share the cost of energy storage system construction by power companies and communication operators to achieve a win-win situation between the communication system and the power system. Based on the analysis of the feasibility and incremental cost of 5G communication base station energy storage participating in demand response projects, combined with the interest interaction mechanism of all parties in the project, this paper proposes a business model for 5G energy storage to participate in the grid collaboration and interaction to improve the profit model of various market players, thereby promoting the penetration rate of the project.

This article examines the effect of ambient temperature, day length, weather conditions, and seasonality on daily path length (DPL) of a free-ranging group of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) using an auto-released GPS collar. Data were collected from December 17, 2003 to October 22, 2004 at Laojunshan in northwestern Yunnan province, China. The average DPL of the monkey group was 909+/-472 m (n=291), with the shortest distance being 180 m and the longest distance 3,626 m. Ambient temperature and day length were found to affect DPL. Both factors were positively correlated with DPL, which means that the monkey group traveled greater distances on longer and warmer days. At the study site, three distinct seasons were identified, and DPL did not vary significantly across these periods. The time of sunrise was not correlated with DPL. Nevertheless, we sometimes observed the group starting its daily trip later on cloudy days than on sunny days. Furthermore, weather conditions (e.g. rainy, cloudy, and sunny) did not influence the average DPL of the study group. Overall we found that the primary factors affecting DPL in R. bieti were day length and ambient temperature, especially daily highest temperature.

Ren conducted year-round observations on sexual behaviors of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys in Shanghai Wild Animal Park from May 2000 to May 2001, which confirmed quantitatively that the species is a rigorous seasonal breeder with a single birth season between late March and early June. Lactation continues until the infant reaches about 1.5 years or it dies. Accordingly, the interbirth interval is ca. 18–20 mo. The results also confirm that females regulate the timing of reproduction. To avoid mating competition their conception times differ from one another, and they conceive between October and December. Three focal females maintained proceptive activities with significant durations due to their different ages and mating choice. If new babies died in the same year the mothers resumed sexual activity on different days. Apart from female peak mating times there is no significant difference among them regarding the regularity of their sexual activities. Temporal differences in birth peaks at different locations might be due to latitude.

Geophagy is common in extant nonhuman primate species, but the exact reasons for it across species remain unclear. Previous diet studies on Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) were only focused on organic materials (plants and small animals). There are no reports on R. bieti exhibiting geophagy in the field before this study. This study was carried out at Xiangguqing in the Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve from June 2008 to May 2009. We recorded the behavior of geophagy and collected samples of soil consumed by the monkeys there and analyzed their content in a laboratory. We identified a total of eight sites where the monkeys consumed soil in the home range during the study period. The total time spent ingesting soil was 13,690 seconds. 20 adult males, 34 adult females except lactating mothers, and 12 immatures without infants were seen to eat soil throughout this study. Average time spent in soil-eating bouts differed significantly among age/sex classes. This study suggests that particular age/sex classes or individuals in certain states of society and health will predictably display a behavioral pattern of geophagy. Our data indicate that geophagy in R. bieti is best explained as a response to nutrient deficiency, as soil consumed by the monkeys was significantly higher in calcium, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, and sodium. Although R. bieti consumes iron- rich soil, control samples that were not consumed also had high levels of iron, suggesting that high altitude alone is not a sufficient explanation for geophagy in this species.

A single screen terahertz frequency selective surface (FS) using the improved split ring resonators (SRRs) is designed in this paper. The resonance unit of an improved SRR consists of an open seam metal patch, while the physical size of the open seam metal patch will directly affect the stepped impedance characteristics. In the paper, LC equivalent circuit model for the improved SRR unit structure is established to extract the equivalent circuit model parameters. Then the relationship between the fundamental frequency of the FSS formula and the harmonics is obtained from the basic theory of the transmission line. Compared to the traditional uniform SRR, the control of multi-band in the improved SRR is more flexible. It is an outstanding characteristic for multi-band FSS design. Based on this characteristic, the triple-band terahertz FSS centered at 0.46, 0.86 and 1.03 THz respectively is designed successively, which can be used in radio astronomy application. By using HFSS 13.0 electromagnetic software simulation, many important indicators such as the key parameters that affect the transmission characteristics of the FSS, periodic intervals, miniaturization degree and the sensitivity of the incidence angle have been studied and analyzed. Both the theoretical analysis and simulated results demonstrate the validity of the method. The triple-band FSS using the improved SRR has a lot of reformative performances. It is shown that the reflection coefficients of triple-band FSS using the improved SRR are -37.6 dB, -13 dB, and -19.6 dB, respectively. On the other hand, it owns the stable frequency response characteristics in the 0°–60° range, which is beneficial to a large incidence angle. In addition, a high degree of miniaturization and the low loss characteristics are the another two significant advantages of this FSS. This triple-band FSS with improved SRR has potential applications in the terahertz frequency radio astronomy polarizer, beam splitter, mirror and resonator mirror, etc.

A miniaturization dual-band metamaterial (MM) model with a unit cell of hybrid-aligned hairpin split ring resonator (SRR) is proposed in this letter. The unit cell of this MM structure is a hairpin SRR, and the proposed dual-band MM is designed for security applications of wireless local-area networks (WLAN) at 2.4 GHz and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) at 3.5 GHz. Furthermore, a flexible substrate is adopted to improve the flexibility and practicability of the MM. Both simulated and measured results show that the center frequencies of the dual-band MM can be allocated by properly choosing the dimension parameters of the SRR. In addition, the MM are simulated at different angles of incidence, and the results reveal that the MM can operate quite well over a range of angles of incidence. Finlly, the current distribution in the MM has also been investigated to explain the mechanism of the dual-band resonance prodnced.