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The use of the suffix ‘dis’ connotes negativity which often implies misfortunate or unfortunate situation or circumstances. In the case of disability, ‘dis’ connotes the opposite of an individual’s ability. You are either able or not able presenting a binary representation of disabled people. This representation according to Swain is “Cliché, stereotyped and archetypal” (Swain, 2004: 100). Worrell believes that representation of disability is often negative and the effects of these representations have consequences on the social construction of disability. This is more apparent for people with physical disabilities, hearing impairments and cognitive disabilities. First hand accounts articulate social exclusion, stigmatisation and oppression as a result of the complex dynamics of media representations. Worrell however, opines that the media often influences society while the content of media is equally influenced by society (Worrell, 2018). This research offers an exploration into people’s perceptions of the representations of disability and disabled people in the British press. It will investigate how journalists represent disabled people and the justifications for these representations. A qualitative approach was employed, implementing focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews with people who have experience with disability. Additionally, a directed content analysis was conducted. The study argues that journalists adopt detrimental narratives through the technique of framing; these include patronising tones, sympathetic tones as well as an exclusionary discourse. These perceptions influence the socially constructed identity of disabled people through the way in which journalists frame stories. The major findings reveal that disabled people are represented in the British press with a; patronising tone, sympathetic tone and exclusion. While the reason they are represented in this way is as a result of; the perceptions of disability and unexpected achievements. The study also demonstrates the reasons that British press write about disability in the way that they do. These factors include; awareness of disability, disability avoidance, lack of understanding about disability, sensationalised stories, editorial pressure and diversity of opinion and biases. These factors influence journalist’s comments and educational content of the British press. The study also reveals the impact that the stigma of disability has on the rights and the voice of disabled people, promoting marginalisation and inequality. Drawing on the insights generated in this research, the affirmative model that was originally proposed by John Swain and Sally French (2000) could be implemented by journalists. This will allow journalists to write in a way that has a positive impact upon the representations of disability i and validate the experiences of disabled people. Furthermore, the affirmative model would improve the representations of disability and disabled people in the British press and allow journalists to embrace disabled people’s individual identity and differences. This study contributes to the growing body in the research of the representations of disability in the British press and the validity of the affirmative model.

This work presents an investigation into alloying effects on cobalt/nickel-based polycrystalline superalloys for gas turbine applications, focusing primarily on the Al/Cr ratio and C/B levels. Screening of the microstructure, physical properties and mechanical behaviour was carried out on alloys to elucidate the optimum alloying balance. Compositions between 10Cr-13.5Al and 13Cr-11Al were reviewed to determine the maximum Al and Cr that could be accommodated before five alloys with varying C and B contents were fabricated. Finally, two powder metallurgy (PM) alloys, V208G and V208H were characterised along with their ingot metallurgy (IM) counterparts. Alloying with more than 11.5 at.% Al led to extensive B2 NiAl precipitation, increased density, a reduced γ′ solvus and diminished secondary γ′ area fraction. NiAl did provide a beneficial effect to the alloy’s oxidation performance, while increasing the Co:Ni dramatically decreased oxidation performance. This elevated Co:Ni was also found to be detrimental to a number of other alloy properties. Cr levels above 12.5 at.% were found to encourage decomposition of carbides after long term ageing at elevated temperatures. NiAl prevailed in alloys containing 13Cr-11.5Al, complicating interpretation of the slow strain rate tensile testing (SSRTT) behaviour. C was found to form Zr-rich MC and Mo-rich M23C6 while B promoted Mo-rich MB2 borides. Carbides were beneficial to SSRTT behaviour at 750°C, an increased C content encourages creation of carbo-nitrides (instead of C being lost as CO or CO2). Carbides at the surface experienced oxidation and volume expansion while their depths remained unoxidised. Atom probe tomography (APT) revealed unoxidised regions of carbides had nitrided. Formation of carbo-nitrides appeared to strengthen alloys during SSRTT. Scanning transmission electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDX) revealed that the oxidised carbides were enveloped in a layer of alumina. Borides oxidised, a discrete layer of B was found in the oxide scale in focussed ion beam mass spectroscopy (FIB-SIMS). V208G and V208H were fabricated via both IM and PM with compositions selected to build on the previous findings. V208H confirmed 11.5 at.% Al content is sufficient for B2 NiAl formation while V208G displayed no presence of NiAl, suggesting the optimum Al content lies between 11.5 at.% and 10 at.%. V208G had satisfactory oxidation behaviour without V208H’s NiAl providing Al for alumina. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that the alloys have a small freezing range and an increased processing window compared to a current nickel-based superalloy. Open Access

Interview guides (English, Portuguese, Kriol). (DOCX 33Â kb)

COREQ checklist. (DOCX 116Â kb)