1. Patterns of alluvial deposition in Andean lake consistent with ENSO trigger
- Author
-
Hagemans, Kimberley, Nooren, Kees, de Haas, Tjalling, Córdova, Mario, Hennekam, Rick, Stekelenburg, Martin C.A., Rodbell, Donald T., Middelkoop, Hans, Donders, Timme H., Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Landdegradatie en aardobservatie, Landscape functioning, Geocomputation and Hydrology, Geomorfologie, Palaeo-ecologie, Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Landdegradatie en aardobservatie, Landscape functioning, Geocomputation and Hydrology, Geomorfologie, and Palaeo-ecologie
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,Archeology ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Evolution ,Fluvial ,01 natural sciences ,Deposition (geology) ,Debris flow ,Behavior and Systematics ,Flood layer ,El Niño ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Global and Planetary Change ,Ecology ,Laguna Pallcacocha ,Lithostratigraphy ,Sediment ,Geology ,Andean meteorology ,Oceanography ,Archaeology ,Stratigraphy ,Clastic rock ,Alluvium - Abstract
The laminated sediment record from Laguna Pallcacocha, Ecuador, is widely used as a sensitive recorder of past variability in the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. However, limited knowledge of local meteorology, hydrogeomorphic processes, and the lateral variability of the lacustrine stratigraphy have resulted in some ambiguity in proxy interpretation. In this study, we report new high-resolution meteorological data, hydrogeomorphic mapping of the catchment and geochemistry of the lake’s sediments. We show that the fine clastic layers are deposited from alluvial activity in the catchment related to intensive rainfall events originating from the Pacific. Frequency analyses of the geochemistry of the sediments indicates that the clastic layers in L. Pallcacocha fall into the characteristic ENSO frequency band and most likely record Eastern Pacific and Coastal Pacific El Nino events. We also illustrate that recent debris flow deposition has resulted in an abrupt avulsion of the main fluvial channels, redirecting sediment input between the lake’s two basins and possibly influencing the lithostratigraphy of the sediment package of L. Pallcacocha.
- Published
- 2021