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Introduction: Solitary fibrous tumor is a neoplasm of mesenchymal origin with benign and malignant forms. We aimed to present a case of solitary fibrous tumor which developed in a patient operated for laryngeal cancer and originated from diaphragm in the light of the literature. Case report: A 61-year-old male patient with tracheostomy with an undiagnosed lesion that appears to be almost 10 cm was referred to our clinic. Since it was a large volume mass, we chose to perform a thoracotomy over thorachoscopic approach. Discussion: Although solitary fibrous tumors most commonly occur in the pleura but may also originated from diaphragm, and our case is valuable that originates from diaphragmatic since there are less than 5 reported cases in literature for past two decades. Conclusion: Even in the case of recurrence, the main treatment remains as total surgical excision. Solitary fibrous tumors are usually detected because of compression symptoms. That is the main reason why we chose thoracotomy.

Clear cell tumor of the lung is a rare benign tumor. The current study presents the case of a 60-yearold man who had an abnormal pulmonary nodule at chest x-ray. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the patient’s lung showed a 2x2x1.5 cm solitary nodule in the anterior segment of the left upper lobe. The patient underwent a lobectomy for the tumor. The pathologic examination revealed sheets of large round or polygonal cells with clear cytoplasm and immunoreactive positivity for HMB-45 and NSE. Investigation with PET/CT scan showed no evidence of renal disease. This case provides a very rare example of a solitary pulmonary nodule as clear cell carcinoma. The patient showed no evidence of recurrence or metastasis after three years postoperatively.

Summary The role of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) in diagnosing endobronchial lung cancers has not been elucidated. The definitive combination of procedures that offers the best diagnostic yield following fiberoptic bronchoscopy remains controversial. This study was designed to investigate the diagnostic yield of transbronchial needle aspiration and other cytologic and histologic diagnostic procedures (i.e., forceps biopsy, brushing, and washing) and to assess the optimal combination for diagnosing endobronchial lung cancers. This prospective study included 95 patients presenting with visible tumors detected during bronchoscopic procedure as either an exophytic endobronchial lesion (EEL) or submucosal-peribronchial disease (SPD). Transbronchial needle aspiration, forceps biopsy, brushing, and washing were performed in all patients, and 91 patients were diagnosed. Rates of positive results were 75.8% for needle aspiration, 71.6% for forceps biopsy, 61.1% for brushing, and 32.6% for washing. Needle aspiration was used as the sole diagnostic method in 11, forceps biopsy was the sole diagnostic method in 5, and brushing was the sole diagnostic method in 4 patients. Washing was not used as the sole diagnostic method in any case. Forceps biopsy yielded the highest diagnostic rate for an EEL (86.4%); however, when compared with needle aspiration (77.9%), no significant difference was observed between these two procedures (P = 0.302). In patients with a diagnosis of SPD, needle aspiration was determined to be the sole diagnostic method in eight patients. In this group of patients, the highest rate of diagnosis was achieved with needle aspiration (72.2%), and when compared with forceps biopsy (47.2%), a significant difference between the two procedures (forceps biopsy versus needle aspiration) was observed (P = 0.049). By adding transbronchial needle aspiration to the conventional diagnostic methods (forceps biopsy, brushing, and washing), the rate of diagnosis increased from 82.1% to 95.8% (P = 0.001), and in patients with a diagnosis of SPD, this rate increased from 69.4% to 94.4% (P = 0.008). In patients with a diagnosis of an EEL, addition of needle aspiration led to an increase in diagnostic yield but this difference was not statistically significant (89.8% versus 96.6%, P = 0.250). In endobronchial lung cancers, transbronchial needle aspiration is a safe method that can be used together with conventional diagnostic procedures to increase the diagnostic yield and should be considered a valuable diagnostic tool, particularly in cases of SPD. The highest rate of diagnostic yield in this study was obtained using a combination of forceps biopsy, transbronchial needle aspiration, and brushing; washing did not contribute to this high rate.

Thoracic endometriosis, rarely encountered, is characterized with the localization of functional endometrium tissue in pleura, lung parenchyma or tracheobronchial system. A 28 years old female patient visited our clinic with complaints of cough and shortness of breath for the last two months. Right-sided massive pleural effusion was detected in the chest radiography and thorax computed tomography. Exudative fluid was aspirated with a haemorrhagic appearance on thoracentesis. Cytology was evaluated as suspicious. "Signet ring cells" were reported in pleural biopsy. Diagnostic biopsy was performed by video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) on the patient whose fiber-optic bronchoscopy was normal. The histopathological diagnosis was reported as "pleural endometriosis". Chemical pleurodesis was applied with asbestos-free chalk. The thorax HRCT (high resolution computed tomography) performed during menstruation was normal. Thoracentesis was needed 3 times for recurrent pleural effusion in the follow-ups and then parietal pleurectomy was performed. The patient is in postoperative 10th month follow-up and evaluated as normal clinically and as radiologically. Pleural endometriosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in female patients with infertility with chest symptoms. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery can be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of these patients and chemical pleurodesis and parietal pleurectomy should be considered among the treatment options.

Bronchopleural fistula is an important cause of mortality and morbidity after pulmonary resection. The use of fibrin glue to reduce the tension and number of sutures in the bronchial stump was assessed in this prospective study of 20 patients between June 2002 and May 2003. They all had a high risk of bronchopleural fistula development because of bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, lung abscess, diabetes mellitus, preoperative neoadjuvant radiotherapy, or residual tumor at the surgical margin. After pulmonary resection, the bronchial stump was closed with separate nonabsorbable sutures supported with fibrin glue. Bronchopleural fistula was observed in only 1 (5%) patient during 6.45 ± 3.09 months of follow-up. There was no postoperative mortality. Closing the bronchial stump with an appropriate technique and supporting it with fibrin glue were considered effective in preventing bronchopleural fistula development after pulmonary resection in high-risk patients.