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The task of calculating the productivity of collective scientific subjects is a relevant issue in scientometrics. This study formalized the problem of assessing productivity trends of collective scientific subjects. The TWPR-CI method for calculating the performance based on the modified PageRank algorithm is described. Formulas for calculating productivity have been derived that make it possible to take into account a change in the productivity of collective scientific subjects over time. The indicators of the basic average absolute change in performance and the chain average relative change in performance were chosen as the basis. To select promising, from the point of view of scientific work, collective subjects, preference is given to those whose basic average absolute change in productivity is positive or the chain average relative change in productivity exceeds unity. Verification of the method for assessing performance trends of collective scientific entities based on the modified PageRank algorithm using the public dataset Citation Network Dataset was carried out. The dataset includes more than 5million scientific publications and 48million citations. The citation of scientific publications of 27,500collective scientific subjects for the period from 2000 to 2022 was analyzed. For this period, for 15 selected collective scientific subjects, performance is calculated using the TWPR-CI method, as well as estimates of productivity trends based on their average relative change. There are three classes of collective scientific subjects according to productivity trends. The results indicate the relevance of the proposed method for quantifying the productivity trends of collective scientific entities (higher education institutions, scientific institutes, laboratories, and other institutions engaged in scientific activities)

The research aims to identify successful control practices and shortcomings of strategic planning and organization of scientific activity in modern-day Ukrainian universities. The paper shows the analysis of the scientific activity managing experience at Poltava V. G.Korolenko National Pedagogical University (here and after PNPU) with further correlation with the practice in other educational institution of Ukraine. The study presents the results of monitoring the opinion of 140 scientific and pedagogical staff members of PNPU, 31 heads of departments of other Ukrainian universities and 24 representatives of young scientist councils of the country regarding the assessment of their own activities and the importance of indicators of scientific work based on a Likert type scale questionnaire. The descriptive statistics methodology was used to analyze the answers to gather dater to formulate the proposals for improving the efficiency of scientific activity of the staff. The author analyzes the communication channels between the administration (rector’s office, deputy deans for scientific work, department heads) and scientific and pedagogical staff; determining the level of communication to ensure awareness of the creation of grading. The article presents views on the principles of rating scoring, the correlation of individual and collective contribution, the unreasonable equivalence of all components in rating formation, and the mixing of scientific and other types of activity. The study raises the question of a mixture of concepts – the annual scientific rating with the image of a scientist, the Hirsch index. There is an interpretation of the differences between the tool for stimulating scientific work and the help to activate structural units (the international department, the department of postgraduate studies, the administration for providing free internships or free scientometric publications). Remarks are given regarding the development of a system of material incentives that would be felt by individual scientific and pedagogical workers and structural units, which would make it impossible for the time duration of the set of low (often zero) indicators of scientific work due to disappointment with the degree of evaluation of one’s own work. The question was raised that the rating should take into account the diversity of specialties of the higher education institution and the uniqueness of the work of the staff. The need to give educators the right to choose a field in which they will be able to express themselves and to ensure an appropriate rating that will affect the calculation of additional fees is expressed (as an example, ratings of scientific, methodical, social image work; scientific work is calculated based on the results of the publication of a scientific product, methodical – by the consequences of the implementation of the educational component, the introduction of methodological developments and can be formed taking into account the assessment of the quality of teaching by students, the social image will be formed based on the results of career guidance, socio-cultural, image, educational work of the educator)., Метою дослідження є виявлення успішних практик контролю й недоліків стратегічного планування та організації наукової діяльності в сучасних українських університетах. У роботі проведено аналіз досвіду організації наукової діяльності в Полтавському національному педагогічному університеті імені В.Г.Короленка (тут і далі – ПНПУ) з подальшим співвіднесенням із практикою в інших навчальних закладах України. У дослідженні подано результати моніторингу думки 140 науково-педагогічних працівників ПНПУ, 31завідувача кафедр інших українських університетів та 24представників рад молодих учених країни щодо оцінки власної діяльності та важливості показників наукової роботи на основі опитувальника шкали Лайкерта. Методику описової статистики використано для: аналізу відповідей, збору даних, формулювання пропозицій стосовно підвищення ефективності наукової діяльності співробітників. Автор аналізує канали зв’язку між адміністрацією (ректорат, заступники деканів з наукової роботи, завідувачі кафедр) та науково-педагогічним персоналом; визначає рівень комунікації для забезпечення усвідомлення існування градації оцінки. У статті трактовано погляди на принципи рейтингових набору балів, співвіднесення індивідуального та колективного внеску, нерозуміння рівнозначності усіх складових у формуванні рейтингу та змішування наукової й інших видів діяльності. Дослідження порушує питання міксу понять – щорічного наукового рейтингу з іміджем науковця, індексом Гірша. Відбувається тлумачення відмінностей між інструментом стимулювання наукової роботи та засобами активізації структурних підрозділів (міжнародного відділу, відділу аспірантури, адміністрації по забезпеченню безкоштовного стажування чи безоплатних наукометричних публікацій). Надано зауваження щодо розробки системи матеріального стимулювання, яку б відчували окремі науково-педагогічні працівники та структурні підрозділи, що унеможливило б набір низьких (часто нульових) показників наукової роботи через розчарування ступенем оцінки власної роботи. Підняте питання того, що рейтинг повинен враховувати різноплановість спеціальностей закладу вищої освіти та унікальності роботи персоналу. Висловлено потребу надавати освітянам право обирати сферу, в якій вони матимуть змогу проявити себе та забезпечити відповідний рейтинг, що впливатиме на нарахування доплат (як приклад, рейтинги наукової, методичної, соціально-іміджевої роботи, коли наукова робота обраховується за результатами оприлюднення наукового продукту, методична – за наслідками виконання освітнього компоненту, впровадження методичних розробок і може формуватися з урахуванням оцінки студентами якості викладання, соціально-іміджева – формуватиметься за результатами профорієнтаційної, соціокультурної, іміджевої, виховної роботи освітянина).

[EN] Students of Pharmacy Degree at the University of Salamanca can choose to carry out their Final Degree Project (TFG, subject of 7 ECTS) during their curricular internship in Community or Hospital Pharmacy. This TFG should be related to professional activity at the Pharmacy and is supervised by the Associate Professor in charge of supervising the internship as well. These TFGs have special characteristics from others, due to the fact that they are carried out in a professional environment and supervised by associate professors who do not carry out more teaching than that established in these practices. In this context, a multidisciplinary and innovative network, capable of detecting the specific needs of students, professors and tutor pharmacists, was proposed in order to plan actions that would provide a solution to idetinicated needs. Innovation lies in the collaboration and integration of skills from different subjects, which allows the best use of personal and material resources and facilitates the qualification of pharmaceutical professionals and associate professors for the supervision and co-supervision of the TFG. The creation of this multidisciplinary network has been a very positive experience for all those involved and presents possibilities for expansion and improvement in the future., [ES] Los estudiantes del Grado en Farmacia de la Universidad de Salamanca pueden optar por realizar su Trabajo Fin de Grado (TFG, asignatura de 7 créditos ECTS) durante su estancia de prácticas curriculares en Farmacia Comunitaria u Hospitalaria. Este TFG debe versar sobre alguna actividad realizada en la misma y bajo la tutela del Profesor Asociado de Ciencias de la Salud que se le asigna durante sus Prácticas Tuteladas. Estos TFG tienen características especiales debido a que se realizan en el entorno profesional, tutorizados por profesores asociados que son profesionales farmacéuticos cuya única actividad docente consiste en la colaboración en dichas prácticas. Así surge la necesidad de establecer una colaboración y crear una red de trabajo entre los entes implicados que promueva la máxima utilización de los recursos personales y materiales de las Farmacias donde los estudiantes realizan prácticas externas y que facilite la cualificación de los profesionales farmacéuticos y de los profesores asociados para la tutela y co-tutela de los TFG. La creación de esta red multidisciplinar ha resultado una experiencia muy positiva para todos los involucrados y presenta posibilidades de ampliación y mejora en el futuro.

Zusammenfassung: Der Prozess, den Studierende der Pädagogischen Hochschule Zug von der ersten Begegnung mit wissenschaftlichen Theorien und Methoden bis zur Präsentation ihrer Bachelorarbeit durchlaufen, ist vielschichtig und multiperspektivisch. Er wird von verschiedenen Akteurinnen und Akteuren aus Ausbildung, Forschung, Entwicklung und Beratung konzipiert und begleitet.

The scientific audiovisual work is a work, when the authors represent the facts and scientific theories , using light and sound as an artistic material. Due to the presence in works of this scientific layer, the representatives of science world appear in film crew besides representatives of typical film professions. They play different roles on film production. They can speak out on the screen or perform the role of so-called scientific consultants. The speech on screen can be a scientific work (similar to classic academic lecture). Film producer concludes agreements on audiovisual production with scientists, who perform on the screen. The role of scientist can come down also to a consultation for substantive correctness of verbal comment or either for comment translation correctness on audiovisual work it is possible both, the conclusion of agreement on audiovisual production or a separate agreement relative to “review” of verbal comment. In these agreements the sides foresee that the scientist receive the remuneration for participation in film production. The Author makes the assessment that the scientists are not film creators, therefore they do not receive additional remuneration for film distribution. For this reason the remuneration for participation in film production should be set up at the level, which would consider expected incomes from scientific audiovisual work exploitation.

Albrecht von Graefe (1828–1870) is the founder of this archive (1854) and the founder of modern ophthalmology. In 2020, the anniversary of his death will be observed for the 150th time. The “German Ophthalmological Society” (DOG), also a Graefe foundation (1857), has therefore proclaimed a “Graefe year.” In Berlin, his hometown, several Graefe-monuments exist. Ophthalmology owes Albrecht von Graefe numerous first discoveries such as excavation of the optic disc in glaucoma (1855), iridectomy in glaucoma (1857), or central artery occlusion (1859). But his after-effects are not only based on his clinical and scientific merits but also on his extraordinary, fascinating personality, which can be characterized by his spirit of internationality, friendship, self-criticism, love of truth, and modesty. Graefe became a myth not only because of his early death but also because he had apart from great successes, to accept human misfortunes at the same time. Albrecht von Graefe can be regarded as the conscience of ophthalmology in Germany.

�� ���������������������� ���������������� ���������������������� ������������������������ �������������������������� ������������������ �� �������������������������������� ���������������� �� ���������������� ������������������ ������ �������������� ������������������������, �������������������� �� ������������ �������������� ����������., In the modern methodology, there is a variety of theoretical concepts and methodological approaches to creating a portfolio as a way of recording, accumulating and evaluating scientific works.

Die klassische Dokumentation findet heute im Backoffice vieler Informationseinrichtungen statt, ohne dass sie namentlich genannt wird. Ihre Kernanliegen müssen aber eher stärker als in der Vergangenheit im Studium der Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft und anderen Ausbildungsgängen sowie bei Einführungen in das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten in allen Studiengängen berücksichtigt werden., Today, classical documentation takes place in the back office of many information institutions without being mentioned by name. However, its characteristic teaching content must be taken into account in the study of library and information science rather more than in the past. This applies to introductory courses to scientific work also.

Читателю предлагается интервью с известным российским историком биологии и организатором науки, доктором биологических наук, профессором Еленой Борисовной Музруковой. Она проработала около полувека в Институте истории естествознания и техники им. С .И. В авилова РАН, имела большой опыт руководства Центром социокультурных проблем истории науки и техники, Отделом истории биологических и химических наук, также была научным руководителем аспирантов и соискателей учёных степеней, возглавляла коллективные исследования, финансируемые различными научными фондами. Е.Б. Музрукова была свидетелем, а иногда и участником, событий, происходивших в истории института, поддерживала тесные контакты с историками биологии Санкт-Петербургского филиала ИИЕТ РАН и до сегодняшнего дня продолжает руководить диссертационным советом Д 002.051.02 по специальности «история науки и техники (биологические науки)». Интервью было взято и расшифровано Р.А. Фандо, учеником Е.Б. Музруковой., he reader is offered an interview with a renowned historian of biology and organiser of science, doctor of biological, Professor elena borisovna muzrukova. She has worked at the S.I. Vavilov Institute for the history of Science and technology of the russian academy of Sciences for more than fifty years, headed the centre for Sociocultural Problems in the history of Science and technology and the department for the history of biological and chemical Sciences for many years, worked as thesis supervisor for postgraduate students and degree applicants, and led research projects funded by various scientific foundations. e.b. muzrukova has witnessed, and sometimes participated in, the events in the history of the Institute, maintained close contacts with the historians of biology from its St. Petersburg branch, and still remains the head of the dissertation Panel d 002.051.02 for the history of Science and technology (biological Sciences). the interview was taken and transcribed by r.a. fando, a former supervisee of e.b. muzrukova.

The paper focuses on the issues of ethics and passion in the work of a scientist. The growing interest in ethical issues within science is linked to the changes we are currently experiencing and the increasing sensitivity to the need to develop and adhere to ethical standards of research. At the heart of the highest standards in scientific work is the accepted way of working and living of scientists involved in the creation of scientific knowledge. The presented analyses direct our attention towards questions about the possible relationship between science and the scientist’s valuable life, about the development of science in the context of changes and challenges currently occurring in science, and finally about the ethos of science and the scientist, for whom passion is one of the sources of freedom and power to construct one’s own identity.

Those awe-inspiring dinosaur skeletons on display in museums do not spring fully assembled from the earth. Technicians known as preparators have painstakingly removed the fossils from rock, repaired broken bones, and reconstructed missing pieces to create them. These specimens are foundational evidence for paleontologists, and yet the work and workers in fossil preparation labs go largely unacknowledged in publications and specimen records. In this book, Caitlin Wylie investigates the skilled labor of fossil preparators and argues for a new model of science that includes all research work and workers. Drawing on ethnographic observations and interviews, Wylie shows that the everyday work of fossil preparation requires creativity, problem-solving, and craft. She finds that preparators privilege their own skills over technology and that scientists prefer to rely on these trusted technicians rather than new technologies. Wylie examines how fossil preparators decide what fossils, and therefore dinosaurs, look like; how labor relations between interdependent yet hierarchically unequal collaborators influence scientific practice; how some museums display preparators at work behind glass, as if they were another exhibit; and how these workers learn their skills without formal training or scientific credentials. The work of preparing specimens is a crucial component of scientific research, although it leaves few written traces. Wylie argues that the paleontology research community's social structure demonstrates how other sciences might incorporate non-scientists into research work, empowering and educating both scientists and nonscientists.

In ihrer wissenschaftlichen Abschlussarbeit weisen angehende Lehrpersonen nach, dass sie die Ansprüche wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens mit dem Anspruch eines Berufsfeldbezugs verbinden können. Der folgende Beitrag zeigt auf, wie wissenschaftliche Abschlussarbeiten an den Ausbildungsinstitutionen der Lehrpersonenbildung in der Schweiz verfasst werden und in deren Ausbildungscurricula verankert sind. Dazu wurden bei den Institutionen erhobene Fragebogendaten in Verbindung mit ebenfalls eingegangenen narrativen Porträts deskriptiv ausgewertet. Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen den Hochschulen sowie zwischen den Studiengängen «Vorschul-/Primarschulstufe» und «Sekundarstufe I» werden präsentiert und diskutiert. (DIPF/Orig.), In their final theses, prospective teachers demonstrate their ability to reconcile the demands of academic work with the requirement of making reference to the professional field. The following article shows how such theses are written at Swiss teacher education institutions and how they are embedded in the training curricula. To this end, questionnaire data and narrative portraits that had been provided by the institutions were analysed by descriptive means. The article presents and discusses differences and parallels both between the institutions and between the study programmes for pre-school/primary-school and secondary-level-I teaching.

AbstractUnderstanding research methodology and information literacy are two important things in writing scientific papers systematically and structured manner and producing perfect work. In this community service, we focus on how to provide basic level training on the application of research methods and information literacy; this is useful not only for writing scientific papers but also for providing a solid basis for processing data and sorting information more accurately measurably and correctly. Furthermore, this community service will continue to be developed so that SMA Negeri 3 Semarang gets the best things in terms of technological knowledge and research. To face global competition, research methodology and information literacy become a guide for producing works that can positively contribute to society. Therefore, this training is very useful to develop the things that have been mentioned above. The method used is to conduct needs analysis, research, interviews to find out the problem, then the implementation of training activities for students at SMA Negeri 3 Semarang. The result of this community service is that students will understand the basics of research methodology as the basic concept of writing scientific papers and the basic concepts of information literacy to be able to sort or select information and/or data more accurately so that the scientific work produced can be of high quality and provide a positive impact on society. Furthermore, this service will continue to be held to improve competence, general (visible) and specific knowledge (invisible) for students and teachers at SMA Negeri 3 SemarangKeywords: Information literacy, Knowledge, Research methodology, Scientific work AbstrakMemahami metodologi penelitian dan literasi informasi merupakan dua hal penting dalam penulisan karya ilmiah secara sistematis dan terstruktur serta menghasilkan sebuah karya yang sempurna. Pada pengabdian masyarakat ini, kami berfokus bagaimana memberikan pelatihan tingkat dasar mengenai penerapan metode penelitian dan literasi informasi, hal ini berguna tidak hanya untuk penulisan karya ilmiah tetapi memberikan dasar yang kuat dalam mengolah data dan memilah informasi secara lebih akurat, terukur dan benar. Lebih jauh lagi, pengabdian masyarakat ini akan terus dikembangkan agar SMA Negeri 3 Semarang mendapatkan hal-hal yang terbaik dari sisi pengetahuan teknologi dan riset. Dalam rangka menghadapi persaingan global, maka metodologi penelitian dan literasi informasi menjadi sebuah panduan untuk menghasilkan karya-karya yang dapat memberikan kontribusi positif kepada masyarakat. Oleh sebab itu, pelatihan ini sangat berguna untuk mengembangkan hal-hal yang sudah disebutkan di atas. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah melakukan analisis kebutuhan, riset, wawancara untuk mengetahui masalah, kemudian pelaksanaan kegiatan pelatihan terhadap siswa di SMA Negeri 3 Semarang. Hasil dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah siswa memahami dasar-dasar metodologi penelitian sebagai konsep dasar penulisan karya ilmiah dan konsep dasar literasi informasi, sehingga siswa dapat memilih informasi dan/atau data secara lebih akurat sehingga karya ilmiah yang dihasilkan dapat berkualitas tinggi dan memberikan dampak positif kepada masyarakat. Lebih lanjut, pengabdian ini akan terus diadakan guna meningkatkan kompetensi, pengetahuan umum dan khusus bagi siswa dan guru di SMA Negeri 3 Semarang.Kata kunci: Karya ilmiah, Literasi informasi, Metodologi penelitian, Pengetahuan

Басецкий, И. И. Кто продолжит развитие оперативно-розыскной науки в Российской Федерации (сыскологии) в широком смысле? / И. И. Басецкий // Вестник Академии МВД Республики Беларусь. - 2019. - № 1. - С. 226 - 229 Рассматриваются основные положения научного творчества А.Ю. Шумилова, его многотомной монографии, посвященной оперативно-разыскной науке в Российской Федерации, сыскологии в широком и узком смыслах слова. Анализируются подходы к указанной проблеме в Беларуси, возможности и особенности становления и развития идей А.Ю. Шумилова в Академии МВД. = The article discusses the main provisions of the scientific work of A.Y. Shumilov, his multi-volume monograph devoted to detective science in the Russian Federation, the science investigation in the broad and narrow senses. The approaches to this problem in Belarus are analyzed, as well as the opportunities and features of formation and development of the ideas of A.Y. Shumilov at the Academy of MIA.

В статье рассматриваются вопросы становления грантовой поддержки научной деятельности в Российской Федерации, виды государственных грантов для поддержки научной деятельности, особенности их правового режима, перспективы развития грантовой поддержки научной деятельности в России., The article addresses the issues of establishment of grant support of scientific work in Russian Federation, types of state grants for support of scientific work, specifics of their legal regime, trens of development of grant support of scientific work in Russia.

Статья посвящена жизни и научной деятельности известного отечественного протозоолога, зоолога и паразитолога, выдающегося педагога и организатора науки, члена-корреспондента АН СССР, профессора Ю.И. Полянского. Для её написания использованы собственные воспоминания автора, который учился и работал на кафедре зоологии беспозвоночных Ленинградского государственного университета, когда ею руководил профессор Полянский, а также значительное число статей, посвящённых учёному при его жизни или сразу после смерти и несколько аудиозаписей его выступлений 1960–1980-х гг. Также использованы аудиозаписи и воспоминания коллег учёного и автобиографическая книга Ю.И. Полянского «Годы прожитые», подготовленная им и изданная (1997) после его смерти. Автор статьи регулярно общался с профессором Полянским в конце 1980 — начале 1990-х гг. по линии Ленинградского отделения Всесоюзного общества протозоологов и как соруководитель его последнего аспиранта., The article is devoted to life and scientific activity of the famous national protozoologist, the zoologist and the parasitologist, the outstanding teacher and the organizer of science, the corresponding member of Academy of Sciences of the USSR, professor Yu.I. Poljansky. For its writing own memoirs of the author of publication, who studied and worked at the Department of Invertebrate Zoology of the Leningrad State University when it was headed by professor Poljansky and also considerable number of articles directed, at life or right after death devoted to the scientist and several audio recordings of his performances of the 1960–1980th are used. Audio recordings and memoirs of colleagues of the scientist and the autobiographical book by Yu.I. Poljansky «The years lived» prepared by it and published after his death (1997) are also used. The author of this article regularly communicated with professor Poljansky at the end of 1980 — the beginning of the 1990th through the Leningrad branch of All-Union society of protozoologists and as the co-tutor of his last PhD student

This development research aims to produce teaching material products to compile web-media scientific papers used by students in scientific Indonesian courses in tertiary institutions. The development model used is the ADDIE model which includes analyze, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The development of teaching materials products takes into account four aspects, namely content / substance, visual appearance (user interface), user experience (user experience), and language. Product assessment was carried out in four groups, namely experts in scientific writing, learning media experts, practitioners, and students. The results of the assessment of the four groups obtained a percentage of 86.6% which stated that the teaching material product was very feasible and ready to be implemented.Abstrak: Penelitian pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk untuk menghasilkan produk bahan ajar menyusun karya ilmiah bermedia web yang digunakan mahasiswa dalam matakuliah Bahasa Indonesia Keilmuan di Perguruan Tinggi. Model pengembangan yang digunakan adalah model ADDIE meliputi analyze, design, development, implementation, dan evaluation. Pengembangan produk bahan ajar ini memperhatikan empat aspek, yaitu isi/substansi, tampilan visual (user interface), pengalaman pengguna (user experience), dan bahasa. Penilaian produk dilakukan kepada empat kelompok, yaitu ahli penyusunan karya ilmiah, ahli media pembelajaran, praktisi, dan mahasiswa. Hasil penilaian dari keempat kelompok tersebut mendapatkan persentase sebesar 86,6% yang menyatakan bahwa produk bahan ajar sangat layak dan siap untuk diimplementasikan.

This article describes the research dissemination activities of lecturers and researchers in Indonesia. Data were collected through an online survey with 39 questions distributed to respondents via social media from 21 to 31 July 2020. Thirty out of 77 respondents completed the online questionnaire. The results identified variables, such as resources available for dissemination, planning and targeting dissemination activity, evaluating the effects, and capturing research influence. The results revealed that almost all respondents realised the importance of dissemination and wanted to participate. The results show that 80% dissemination activities are conducted through academic journals. Assistance and instruction from specialize divisions or institutions are needed for the dissemination process so that results are maximally employed and so that the role of research is increased in policymaking. Although only 3 % researchers evaluated their research, when asked about the influence of their research, most researchers provided examples of the influence of their research. Researchers understand the importance of dissemination and have been putting it into practice. Researchers require clear guidance from institutions that can assist them in the dissemination process from the planning stage to dissemination.

The role of a scientist in society is undoubtedly extremely important. This thesis was particularly confirmed by the global events of the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century, when the spread of the COVID-19 virus revealed the helplessness of humanity in the face of a pandemic. Only intensive scientific work, having an interdisciplinary character, gives hope to stop the development of the spread of the virus. It turned out that it is scientists who are necessary to reduce mortality and morbidity, as well as the negative effects of a pandemic on the economy and public health. In this regard, it is worth discussing whether the scientific work of scientists is satisfying for them? Nowadays, the scientist is demanded for immediate effects of scientific research, implementation of inventions tailored to the emerging needs, and quick solutions to the problems of a dynamically changing society. However, along with the growing social expectations towards researchers, is their work increasingly appreciated? The aim of this article is getting to assess the level of satisfaction with scientific work among researchers and to identify the factors that influence its level. The article presents the results of research conducted on a random sample of 763 academics from Poland. The conducted scientific studies have established that: (1) The level of satisfaction of researchers concerning their own scientific work depends on employment conditions, as well as the social significance of the research carried out, (2) the level of satisfaction from work is closely correlated with the scientific opportunities of researchers (that is, the possibility of academic and didactic work, contact with students and co-workers) and negatively correlated with the necessity to carry out administrative work, and (3) the majority of Polish researchers are proud of their scientific achievements and treat their profession as a passion or vocation.

В статье представлена история развития Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Поволжский научно-исследовательский институт селекции и семеноводства имени П.Н. Константинова», созданного в 1993 году на базе Кинельской государственной селекционной станции им. П.Н. Константинова основанной в 1933 году. За годы научно-практической деятельности селекционерами создано более 120 сортов, гибридов и линий различных сельскохозяйственных культур, 53 из них занесены в Государственный реестр селекционных достижений, допущенных к использованию в 2018 году. По Самарской области доля сортов селекции института занимает от 30% до 60% посевных площадей., The article presents the history of the development of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Povolzhsky Scientific Research Institute of Selection and Seed Growing named after P.N. Konstantinov », Established in 1993 on the basis of the Kinel State Selection Station. P.N. Konstantinov founded in 1933. Over the years of scientific and practical activity, breeders have created more than 120 varieties, hybrids and lines of various agricultural crops, 53 of them are listed in the State Register of Selection Achievements, approved for use in 2018. According to the Samara region, the share of plant breeding varieties ranged from 30% to 60% of the acreage.

в данной научной статье рассматриваются вопросы виктимологической профилактики преступления насильственного характера в практике зарубежных стран. Кроме этого, на основе анализа результатов научных исследований разработаны соответствующие рекомендации., This article is devoted to the issues that analyses approaches on Viktimological preventive measures of coercion against persons and basing on the results promotes proposals on that sphere.

The author evokes the human and scientific dimension of the personality of Professor Razvan Theodorescu, the Vice-President of the Romanian Academy. His remarkable research results and the outstanding achievements brought his fame and recognition both nationally and internationally. His scientific work contributes to a better understanding of the Byzantine Christian spirituality and its influence on the Romanian Mediaeval art and civilization.

This paper considers the main directions in the field of scientific and research work activation of students, young scientists and teaching staff. In the first part of this paper the main types of students’ scientific and research work (SSRW) are enumerated. The recommendations are given on motivation of students for scientific and research work accomplishment. The system of scientific and research work organization developed for teachers and students in Tomsk Polytechnic University is presented. A new technology of efficient research work arrangement is a scoring system of teachers’ activity assessment. Every faculty member gets points for personal scientific and research activity. Teaching load for the next term is spread among the teachers of the department following the results of obtained points.

В работе проанализирована переписка С.Ф. Платонова с учениками и коллегами, позволяющая представить главу кафедры русской истории Петербургского университета в качестве научного руководителя. В статье делается вывод о коммуникативном характере научного лидерства С.Ф. Платонова. Также выявляются черты С.Ф. Платонова-руководителя, позволяющие говорить о нем как патроне в науке. С помощью писем характеризуются диссертационные поиски учеников С.Ф. Платонова 18901910 гг. Делается вывод об усвоении рядом учеников С.Ф. Платонова эмпирического научного метода, а также описываются случаи перехода учеников С.Ф. Платонова к другим ученым Петербургского университета, что способствовало расширению научной проблематики школы., The article presents an analysis of S.F. Platonov's correspondence with his students and colleagues, which makes it possible to introduce the head of the department of Russian history as a research advisor at St. Petersburg University. The work concludes about communicative nature in S.F. Platonov's scientific leadership. The article identifies the features of Platonov as a leader, which makes it possible to recognize him as a patron in science. The letters allowed us to characterize dissertational searches of S.F. Platonov's students in 1890-1910. The conclusion emphasizes that some of his students accepted the empirical scientific method of their teacher. It also describes the cases when S.F. Platonov's students joined other scientists at St. Petersburg University, which contributed to the expansion of the school scientific problems.

Objectives: To identify underlying causes for failure of medical thesis projects and the constantly high drop-out rate in Germany from the supervisors' perspective and to compare the results with the students' perspective. Setting: Cross-sectional survey. Online questionnaire for survey of medical thesis supervisors among the staff of Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany. Published, earlier longitudinal survey among students for comparison. Participants: 1069 thesis supervisors participated. Data extraction and synthesis: Data are presented using descriptive statistics, and the χ2 test served to compare the results among supervisors with the earlier data from the longitudinal survey of doctoral students. Primary and secondary outcomes: Not applicable. This survey is an observational study. Results: Of 3653 potential participants, 1069 (29.3%) supervising 3744 doctoral candidates participated in the study. Supervisors considered themselves to be highly motivated and to offer adequate supervision. On the other hand, 87% stated that they did not feel well prepared for thesis supervision. Supervisors gave lack of timeliness of doctoral students and personal differences (p=0.024 and p=0.001) as the main reasons for terminating thesis projects. Doctoral students predominantly mentioned methodological problems and difficult subjects as critical issues (p=0.001 and p

O presente artigo pretende evidenciar a importância de (re)conhecer as visões deformadas dos professores sobre o trabalho científico, para a partir daí poderem consciencializar e modificar as suas próprias concepções epistemológicas acerca da natureza da ciência e da construção do conhecimento científico. Afirma-se que o trabalho colaborativo de grupos de docentes, quando da realização de workshops, é bem mais produtivo e positivo do que o trabalho individual na detecção de tais visões. Enumeram-se sete visões deformadas; aliás, abundantemente referidas na literatura, aqui intencionalmente extensa. Caracterizam-se tais visões deformadas e desenvolvem-se sobre elas considerações que ajudam à reflexão. Por outro lado, referem-se as características do trabalho científico e tecem-se orientações epistemologicamente mais adequadas, por sua vez capazes de ajudar a (re)pensar e a qualificar o trabalho científico. Sugerem-se implicações para o ensino das ciências e, num contexto mais vasto, para a Nova Didática das Ciências. Recent researches suggest that quite frequently science teachers perspectives about the nature of science and on scientific knowledge construction are inadequate. Researches also suggest that such inadequate perspectives may influence through science teaching the images held by students about the nature of science and of the scientific knowledge. This paper presents the main features of seven teachers' perspectives with an extensive review of related research studies. Alternative views based on pos-positivist frameworks are then outlined as well as their implications for science teaching.

Un projet de recherche scientifique cristallise plusieurs tensions temporelles. Étudié en tant que dispositif, il transforme les pratiques de recherche et particulièrement les pratiques de communication. Dans le cas de la recherche en écologie, l’expérimentation en milieu naturel, emblème de la modernisation de la discipline, introduit la temporalité de phénomènes naturels difficilement maîtrisables. L’étude du projet Inbioprocess permet de suivre les pratiques communicationnelles de gestion du temps afin de concilier le travail expérimental en milieu naturel et le suivi d’un planning de projet. Pour cela, matériaux ethnographiques et discursifs sont complétés par des entretiens. L’action B du projet est centrée sur le détournement d’un bras de rivière dont la réalisation se confronte à certaines difficultés. Cette contribution met en évidence le rôle des productions discursives comme trace du rapport au temps et comme prise sur les événements naturels. Si les chercheurs naturalisent des critères temporels pour l’évaluation, l’écriture permet de faire récit de l’imprévisibilité. De même, la circulation de documents est à l’origine d’une nécessaire complémentarité des temps. Nous montrons également l’importance des pratiques d’ajustement et les risques liés à une hiérarchisation du temps court du projet sur le temps long de l’équipe. La gestion communicationnelle des temporalités apparaît comme un élément central de la réalisation d’un projet scientifique. A scientific research project tends to crystallize various tensions linked to time constraints. When studied as a characteristic set up, as a device in its own right, we notice that it transforms research practices and more specifically, communication practices. In the particular case of ecology, field experiment (the sign of a modernized ecology) brings along difficulties linked to the manageability of natural phenomenons and their own temporality. We examine time management practice - as well as communication about this practice - during the Inbioprocess project, in order to understand how scientists deal both with field experiment and planning constraints. Data include ethnographical and discursive material as well as interviews. Action B of the project consisted in diverting the water away from one branch of a river, during which scientists had to face delays and changes due to technical difficulties. This paper stresses the function of discursive production as a record of temporality as well as an attempt to control natural phenomenons. While scientists naturalize time criteria for evaluation, writing allows them to turn unpredictability into a narrative account. Moreover, document circulation gives the different temporalities in action a necessary complementarity. We stress the importance of adjustment practices and the risks of organizing temporalities into a hierarchy that gives more visibility to the short time of the project, rather than to the team’s longer temporality. The communicational management of temporalities appears as a central issue when pursuing a scientific project. Un proyecto de investigación científica cristaliza diversas tensiones temporales. Estudiado como dispositivo, el proyecto transforma las prácticas de investigación, especialmente las de comunicación. En el campo de la ecología, la experimentación en medio natural, emblema de la modernización de la disciplina, introduce la temporalidad de fenómenos naturales difícilmente controlables. El estudio del proyecto Inbioprocess explora las prácticas comunicacionales de gestión del tiempo que buscan conciliar el trabajo experimental en medio natural y el respeto de la agenda de proyecto (planning). Para dicho estudio se presentarán materiales etnográficos y discursivos, completados por entrevistas. La acción B del proyecto concierne el desvío de un brazo de río cuya realización se enfrenta a algunas dificultades. Esta contribución muestra el rol de las producciones discursivas como marcas de la relación al tiempo y como formas de asir los acontecimientos naturales. Si los investigadores naturalizan los criterios temporales para la evaluación, la escritura permite crear un relato a partir de lo imprevisible. Asimismo, la circulación de documentos origina una necesaria complementariedad de tiempos: aquí se muestra la importancia de las prácticas de adaptación y los riesgos ligados a una jerarquización del tiempo corto del proyecto sobre el tiempo largo del equipo. La gestión comunicacional de las temporalidades aparece entonces como un elemento central en la realización de un proyecto científico.

The First Mediterranean Seminar on Science Writing, Editing & Publishing (SWEP 2016) was held in Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina from 2nd to 3rd December 2016. It was organized by Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, running concurrent sessions as part of its Annual Meeting titled “ “Days of AMNuBiH - Theory and Practice in Science Communication and Scientometrics”. Hotel Bosnia in the city centre was the chosen venue. On the first day, nineteen presentations on various issues of science writing and publication ethics were delivered by speakers from Croatia, Serbia, Macedonia, Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina and the UK (Asim Kurjak, Milivoj Boranić, Doncho Donev, Osman Sinanović, Miro Jakovljević, Enver Zerem, Dejan Milošević, Silva Dobrić, Srećko Gajović, Izet Mašić, Armen Yuri Gasparyan, Šekib Sokolović, Nermin Salkić, Selma Uzunović, Admir Kurtčehajić, Edin Begić and Floreta Kurti). Each presentation had a take-home message for novice and seasoned authors, encountering numerous problems in non-Anglophone research environment. Lecturers, who were internationally recognized editors of regional journals, generously shared their experience of adhering to the best ethical guidance. Elegant presentations by Srećko Gajović (Editor-in-Chief of the Croatian Medical Journal) and Armen Yuri Gasparyan (past Chief Editor of the European Science Editing) showcased their accomplishments that strengthened ties between authors from all over the world. Gasparyan reflected on educational resources of editorial associations, such as the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), and called not just to declare the adherence to, but also to enforce their ethical guidance in daily practice. Editors of Medical Archives, Croatian Medica Journal, Vojnosanitetski Pregled, Psychiatria Danubina, Acta Informatica Medica, Materia Socio-Medica, The Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstretics and Gynecology, Acta Medica Saliniana and Medicinski Glasnik presented their editorial strategies aimed at attracting best authors and resolving problems with authorship, conflicts of interest, and plagiarism. Topical education on science writing and editing was considered as an inseparable part of continuing professional development in biomedicine. Armen Yuri Gasparyan (UK) was offered an opportunity to interact with more than 70 participants, attending the SWEP 2016 on the second day. The lecturer talked about author contributions, disclosures of conflicts of interests, plagiarism of ideas and words, research performance and impact indicators, and targeting ethical journals. Topics were presented in a way to help non-Anglophone authors, reviewers and editors avoid common ethical problems. Dr Gasparyan stressed the importance of regularly arranging such meetings across Balkan and Mediterranean countries to eradicate plagiarism and other forms research misconduct. The organizers of the SWEP 2016 awarded selected keynote speakers with certificates of lifetime achievement in journal editing, and decided to run the Seminar annually with support of Balkan and Mediterranean editors and publishers. The SWEP 2016 marked a turning point in the process of regional developments since all attending editors opted for nurturing enthusiasm of the organizers and launching the Mediterranean Association of Science Editors and Publishers (MASEP). The Seminar was a great success with its impressive scientific and social activities. It attracted more than 100 students, researchers, editors, and publishers from Bosnia & Herzegovina and neighbouring countries. Proceedings, in the form of short reports, were published in Acta Informatica Medica and archived in PubMed Central. New friendships were forged between regional experts in editing and young specialists during those unforgettable two days of intensive discussions and informal interactions (a-y).

This article explores the significance for academic staff members of research groups established and formalised as part of research strategies at university faculties. It also explores the levels of participation and stresses the importance of such group-related activities with regard to the level of participation, perceived impact on research quality and researcher training. The study is based on data from a survey and in-depth interviews with academic staff at Norwegian universities as well as document reviews. It provides evidence that formalised research groups can have a positive effect on the quality of individual research as well as researcher training. The study reveals significant differences between fields of science with regard to the importance of such groups for research activities and quality. Nevertheless, it finds that they contribute to more institution-based research, and also in subjects and qualifications where the research has primarily been conducted on an individual basis, such as in the humanities. These groups cannot simply be understood as a legitimating device for scientific communities due to changing funding and steering criteria; rather they manifest themselves as modes of academic work serving as a supplement to, rather than substitute for, other forms of cooperation. Keywords: research groups; organisational structure; academic collaboration; scientific work; research modes (Published: 29 November 2016) Citation: NordSTEP 2016, 2: 33896 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/nstep.v2.33896

A development of regional geography at the University of Belgrade was gradual and connected with a development of geography. It was only after the Second World War that regional geography was founded as a scientific discipline and teaching subject. As such it encompassed all the elements of the geographic environment. Several factors influenced its foundation. Regional geography had ups and downs during its development. A controversy over regional geography lasted long which made young scientists avoid that subject matter for a lime. It was Milorad Vasović who was weighed down by the greatest burden of that violent controversy. But in time, the situation changed. In teaching regional geography was presented with two courses and teaching staff had more members. In the 90ies this discipline entered new crisis again since in the period 1990 1996 all professors who had participated in its consolidation were retired leaving only two professors and two assistants as teaching staff. Future generations will judge the achievements of regional geography in the second half of the twentieth century Regionalna geografija kao naučna disciplina i nastavni predmet na Univerzitetu u Beogradu utemeljena je tek posle Drugog svetskog rata. Na formiranje ovakvog pred meta uticalo je više faktora. Dugotrajna polemika oko regionalne geografije, uslovila je da mladi kadrovi izvesno vreme nisu bili zainteresovani, niti su se opredeljivali za rad u ovoj problematici. Međutim, došlo je do poboljšanja statusa regionalne geografije.

Letter of recommendation for E. D. Ball.

Letter of recommendation for E. D. Ball.