122 results on '"Saad Rehman"'
Search Results
2. CoRAE: Energy Compaction-Based Correlation Pattern Recognition Training Using AutoEncoder
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M. Dilshad Sabir, Muhammad Fasih Uddin Butt, Ali Hassan, Saad Rehman, Mehwish Mehmood, and Abdulah Jeza Aljohani
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General Computer Science ,General Engineering ,General Materials Science ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Published
- 2023
3. A Comprehensive Review on Melatonin Compound and its Functions in Different Fungi and Plants
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Waqar Ali Shah, Abdullah Javed, Naveed Ali Ashraf, Hassan Bashir, Asad Nadeem Pasha, Syed Ali Zafar, Mujahid Ali, Mubashar Hussain, and Rao Saad Rehman
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General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
This study summarizes the importance of melatonin in different plants and fungi. In this review, we discussed the biosynthetic pathway of melatonin, its metabolites, and its oxidative reduction. Melatonin is a molecule derived from tryptophan, with pleiotropic activity. It is present in nearly every organism. Its synthetic course depends on the organism in which it resides. The tryptophan to the melatonin pathway, for example, varies in plants and animals. It is thought that the synthetic mechanism for melatonin was inherited in eukaryotes from bacteria caused by endosymbiosis. Nevertheless, the synthetic pathways of melatonin in microorganisms are unknown. The metabolism of melatonin is exceptionally complex with these enzymatic processes developed out of cytochrome C. As well as the enzymatic degradation, melatonin is metabolized by interactive pseudoenzymes and free radicals processes.
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- 2022
4. Regulatory Role of DNA Methylation and Its Significance in Plants
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Waqar Ali Shah, Naveed Ali Ashraf, Abdullah Javed, Asad Nadeem Pasha, Hassan Bashir, Syed Ali Zafar, Mujahid Ali, and Rao Saad Rehman
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Geography, Planning and Development ,Development - Abstract
DNA methylation is a well-known epigenetic modification that is essential for gene regulation and genome stability. Anomalies in plant development can result from aberrant DNA methylation patterns. DNA methylation is much more important in plants with more complicated genomes when it comes to growth and abiotic stress tolerance. Dynamic regulation via de novo methylation, maintenance of methylation, and active demethylation, which are catalysed by diverse enzymes that are targeted by different regulatory mechanisms, results in a unique DNA methylation state. We explain DNA methylation in plants, including methylating and demethylating enzymes and regulatory changes, as well as the coordination of methylation and demethylation activities by a mechanism known as the methylstat. We also explain the roles of DNA methylation in regulating transposon silencing, gene expression, and chromosome interactions, as well as the intervention of DNA methylation in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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- 2022
5. Molecular Mechanisms behind the Regulation of Rice Tiller Angle: An Update
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Abdullah Javed, Naveed Ali Ashraf, Muhammad Usama Saeed, Hassan Bashir, Mujahid Ali, Syed Ali Zafar, Asad Nadeem Pasha, and Rao Saad Rehman
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Materials Chemistry - Abstract
Crop plant architecture is an important agronomic trait that contributes greatly to crop yield. Tiller angle is one of the most critical components that determine crop plant architecture, which in turn substantially affects grain yield mainly owing to its large influence on plant density. Gravity is a fundamental physical force that acts on all organisms on earth. Plant organs sense gravity to control their growth orientation, including tiller angle in rice (Oryza sativa). This review summarizes recent research advances made using rice tiller angle as a research model, providing insights into domestication of rice tiller angle, genetic regulation of rice tiller angle, and shoot gravitropism. Finally, we propose that current discoveries in rice can shed light on shoot gravitropism and improvement of plant tiller angle in other species, thereby contributing to agricultural production in the future.
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- 2022
6. Tapping into the Unsung Potential of CRISPR/CAS Technology in Agriculture
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Mubashar Hussain, Faiza Rashid, Hassan Bashir, Asad Nadeem Pasha, Muhammad Ahmad, Syed Ali Zafar, Mujahid Ali, and Rao Saad Rehman
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fungi ,Geography, Planning and Development ,food and beverages ,Development - Abstract
Over the last few years, the use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) for genetic manipulation has transformed life science. CRISPR was first found in bacteria and archaea as an adaptable immune system, and later modified to create specific DNA breaks in living cells and creatures. Various DNA alterations can occur throughout the cellular DNA repair process. Since the first demonstration of CRISPR in plant genome editing in 2013, there has been much progress in fundamental crop research and plant improvement. Plants can use the CRISPR toolset to do programmable genome editing, epigenome editing, and transcriptome regulation. However, the difficulties of plant genome editing must be properly understood and answers sought. With an emphasis on achievements and prospective utility in plant biology, this review aims to provide an instructive assessment of the current advancements and discoveries in CRISPR technology. CRISPR will, in the end, not only make fundamental research easier, but it will also speed up plant breeding and germplasm development. In the light of global climate change, as well as present agricultural, environmental, and ecological concerns, the use of CRISPR to improve germplasm is extremely significant.
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- 2022
7. Chromosomal Engineering through CRISPR– Cas Technology: A Way Forward
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Ameer Hamza Hafeez, Nabi Ahmad, Muhammad Ahmad, Muhammad Waseem, Mujahid Ali, Syed Ali Zafar, Asad Nadeem Pasha, and Rao Saad Rehman
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General Medicine - Abstract
The breeding of crops is dependent on the potential to interrupt or maintain genetic links between characteristics, and the availability of genetic variability. CRISPR-Cas is a new genome-editing technique that has made it possible for breeders to introduce regulated and site-specific genetic diversity while simultaneously improving qualities with high efficacy. The existence of genomic linkage is a barrier in transferring desirable features among domesticated species from their wild counterparts. One way to address this issue is to create mutants with deficiencies in the meiotic recombination machinery, thereby enhancing global crossover frequencies between homologous parental chromosomes. Although this seemed to be a promising approach at first, thus far, no crossover frequencies could be enhanced in recombination-cold regions of the genome. Consequently, attempts have been made to induce site-specific DSBs in both somatic and meiotic plant cells by utilizing CRISPR–Cas techniques to achieve preset crossovers among homologs. Nonetheless, this method has not yielded significant heritable homologous crossings which were recombination-based. Lately, CRISPR–Cas has been used to achieve hereditary chromosomal rearrangements (CRs), including translocations and inversions, in plants. This method allows for the development of megabase CRs by DSB repair through non-homologous end-joining after insertion of DSBs in somatic plant cells. This technique may potentially make it possible to restructure genomes on a more global scale, culminating in the creation not just of synthetic plant chromosomes, but also that of new plant species.
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- 2022
8. CRISPR-Cas Mediated Genome Editing: A Paradigm Shift towards Sustainable Agriculture and Biotechnology
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Asad Raza, Muhammad Ahmad, Muhammad Waseem, Muhammad Saqib Naveed, Asad Nadeem Pasha, Mujahid Ali, Syed Ali Zafar, and Rao Saad Rehman
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General Medicine - Abstract
CRISPR–Cas genome editing technology developed from prokaryotes has transformed the molecular biology of plants past all assumptions. CRISPR–Cas, which is distinguished by its resilience, relatively high specificity, and easy implementation, enables specific genetic modification of crops, allowing for the creation of germplasms with favorable characters and the development of innovative, highly efficient agricultural systems. Moreover, many new biotechnologies in the framework of CRISPR–Cas platforms have bolstered basic research as well as synthetic biology toolkit of plants. In this article, initially, we provide a brief overview of CRISPR–Cas gene editing, emphasis on the modern, most specific gene-editing techniques, such as prime and base editing. Following that, the major role of CRISPR–Cas in plants in enhancing pesticide and disease resistance, quality, yield, breeding, and faster domestication are next discussed. In this review, we discuss the current advancements in plant biotechnology linked to CRISPR–Cas, such as CRISPR–Cas gene control, reagent conveyance, multiplexed gene editing, directed evolution, and mutagenesis. In the end, we talk about how this innovative technology may be used in the future.
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- 2022
9. Plant Pan-genomes: A New Frontier in Understanding Genomic Diversity in Plants
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Asad Raza, Ameer Hamza Hafeez, Muhammad Waseem, Asad Nadeem Pasha, Muhammad Ahmad, Mujahid Ali, Syed Ali Zafar, and Rao Saad Rehman
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General Medicine - Abstract
The comparison of several associated species and plant genome sequencing efforts has increased in recent years. The inflated level of the genomic variety leads to the discovery that the single reference genomes may not reflect the variability in a species, resulting in the evolution of a pan-genome idea. Pan-genomes exhibit a species' genetic variability and contain mutant genes lacking in some individuals and essential genes present in all individuals. Mutant gene classifications often reveal cross-species parallels, including genes for abiotic and biotic stresses generally concentrated within mutant gene groupings. Here we discuss the history of pan-genomics in plants, investigate the causes of gene variation, deletion, and existence and demonstrate why pan-genomes might assist crop genetics and breeding research.
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- 2022
10. Abscisic Acid Mediated Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants
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Muhammad Waseem, Muhammad Ahmad, Muhammad Saqib Naveed, Asad Pasha, Mubashar Hussain, Syed Ali Zafar, Mujahid Ali, and Rao Saad Rehman
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fungi ,food and beverages ,General Medicine - Abstract
Abiotic stress is one of the major environmental stresses that decrease crop growth and yield even in irrigated soils worldwide. An important plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a vital role in addressing various stresses, such as thermal or heat stress, high salinity level, heavy metal stress, low temperature, drought, and stress on radiation. Its role is well explained in different processes for development, including germination of seed, stomata closure, and dormancy. Abscisic acid works through alteration of the gene expression levels and subsequently analyzing the cis and trans-regulatory components for receptive promoters. It is considered to have an interaction with the signaling elements of processes taking part in stress response and seed development. In general, a plant can be vulnerable or tolerant to stress when the correlated actions of different stress-reacting genes are considered. Many transcription factors are required for the regulation of expression of abscisic acid-responsive genes through interacting with their specific cis-acting components. Therefore, the mechanism behind it should be understood to make the plants stress-tolerant. This review explains the significance and function of ABA signaling concerning specific stress, the management of abscisic acid biosynthesis, and transcription factors (TFs) associated with stress tolerance.
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- 2022
11. Fast Intra Mode Selection in HEVC Using Statistical Model
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Hameedur Rahman, Imran Ashraf, Inzamam Mashood, Amir Ijaz, Hashim Ali, Saad Rehman, Ammar Armghan, Junaid Tariq, and Ayman Alfalou
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Biomaterials ,Mechanics of Materials ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Modeling and Simulation ,Statistical model ,Pattern recognition ,Artificial intelligence ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Intra mode ,Selection (genetic algorithm) ,Computer Science Applications - Published
- 2022
12. A Hybrid Duo-Deep Learning and Best Features Based Framework for燗ction燫ecognition
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Muhammad Naeem Akbar, Farhan Riaz, Ahmed Bilal Awan, Muhammad Attique Khan, Usman Tariq, and Saad Rehman
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Biomaterials ,Mechanics of Materials ,Modeling and Simulation ,G400 Computer Science ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Computer Science Applications - Abstract
Human Action Recognition (HAR) is a current research topic in the field of computer vision that is based on an important application known as video surveillance. Researchers in computer vision have introduced various intelligent methods based on deep learning and machine learning, but they still face many challenges such as similarity in various actions and redundant features. We proposed a framework for accurate human action recognition (HAR) based on deep learning and an improved features optimization algorithm in this paper. From deep learning feature extraction to feature classification, the proposed framework includes several critical steps. Before training fine-tuned deep learning models – MobileNet-V2 and Darknet53 – the original video frames are normalized. For feature extraction, pre-trained deep models are used, which are fused using the canonical correlation approach. Following that, an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO)-based algorithm is used to select the best features. Following that, the selected features were used to classify actions using various classifiers. The experimental process was performed on six publicly available datasets such as KTH, UT-Interaction, UCF Sports, Hollywood, IXMAS, and UCF YouTube, which attained an accuracy of 98.3%, 98.9%, 99.8%, 99.6%, 98.6%, and 100%, respectively. In comparison with existing techniques, it is observed that the proposed framework achieved improved accuracy.
- Published
- 2022
13. Traffic Aware Data Gathering Protocol for VANETs
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Maryam Gillani, Hafiz Adnan Niaz, Ata Ullah, Muhammad Umar Farooq, and Saad Rehman
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General Computer Science ,General Engineering ,General Materials Science - Published
- 2022
14. Exploring Careers in Medicine: Implementation and Perceived Value of a Multi-Specialty Elective
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Eriny S Hanna, Sarah P. Pourali, Charlotte M Brown, Michelle K. York, Michael A. Pilla, Saad Rehman, Melissa E. Day, and Amy Fleming
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Value (ethics) ,Medical education ,ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION ,education ,Specialty ,Medical school ,Specialty choice ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Education ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Psychology ,Curriculum ,Original Research ,Career development - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Choosing a medical specialty is one of the most crucial and difficult decisions made during medical school. Given that specialty exposure is among the most important factors in decision-making, the Careers in Medicine (CiM) multi-specialty elective was designed to provide clerkship students an avenue to explore three or more specialties of interest during a single elective. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine using anonymous surveys and de-identified written reflections submitted by students enrolled in the CiM course between August 2015 and June 2018. Data were analyzed using a mixed-methods approach. RESULTS: The majority of students reported the elective guided them in ruling out (80%) and ruling in (65%) specialties. About half (51%) of students decided between the procedural versus critical-thinking dichotomy. Finally, 80% of students reported that they would take the course again rather than a focused elective. Major themes identified from student reflections included course attributes, specialty impacts, and student values. DISCUSSION: Implementation of a multi-specialty elective during the clerkship year was an effective way to help students understand their career values, gain early exposure to specialties not featured in core clinical curriculums, and determine future fields of interest. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-021-01311-0.
- Published
- 2021
15. A Framework for Classification of Gabor Based Frequency Selective Bone Radiographs Using CNN
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Farhan Hussain, Ali Hassan, Saad Rehman, Rehan J. Nemati, Muhammad Abbas, Muhammad Ajmal Azad, Saddaf Rubab, and Farhan Riaz
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Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Radiography ,010102 general mathematics ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Preprocessor ,Pattern recognition ,Artificial intelligence ,0101 mathematics ,business ,01 natural sciences ,Convolutional neural network - Abstract
The automatic classification of bone texture into healthy or osteoporotic cases presents a major challenge since there is no visual difference between the two cases. This classification requires an inspection of the fine granularity in the bone radiographs which is usually difficult with a naked eye. We have proposed a novel method in this paper, that can be used for the classification of bone radiographs into healthy or osteoporotic cases. We mimic the observations of the physicians by preprocessing the bone radiographs with Gabor filters bearing a high frequency. Later, we design and utilize a convolutional neural network wherein filtered images are fed as input to the system which classifies the images into their respective classes. The proposed algorithm has been validated on a bone radiograph challenge dataset. Our results depict that the method proposed in this research exhibits very good results in terms of classification. A comparison of the proposed and the contemporary research methods has also been shown in this paper. The experimental results show that by exploiting high frequency Gabor filters and employing the convolutional neural network architecture, good results in performing the classification of bone radiographs are achieved.
- Published
- 2021
16. TiQSA: Workload Minimization in Convolutional Neural Networks Using Tile Quantization and Symmetry Approximation
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Muhammad Shafique, Saad Rehman, Ali Hassan, Muhammmad Abdullah Hanif, and Dilshad Sabir
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General Computer Science ,reduced workload ,Convolutional neural network ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Convolution ,Reduction (complexity) ,020204 information systems ,ComputingMethodologies_SYMBOLICANDALGEBRAICMANIPULATION ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,winograd transform ,General Materials Science ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Mathematics ,Quantization (signal processing) ,General Engineering ,Order (ring theory) ,Approximation algorithm ,particle of swarm convolution layer optimization ,Kernel (image processing) ,tile quantization approximation ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,symmetry approximation ,lcsh:TK1-9971 ,Algorithm ,MNIST database - Abstract
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in the Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based applications face stringent constraints, like limited memory capacity and energy resources due to many computations in convolution layers. In order to reduce the computational workload in these layers, this paper proposes a hybrid convolution method in conjunction with a Particle of Swarm Convolution Layer Optimization (PSCLO) algorithm. The hybrid convolution is an approximation that exploits the inherent symmetry of filter termed as symmetry approximation and Winograd algorithm structure termed as tile quantization approximation. PSCLO optimizes the balance between workload reduction and accuracy degradation for each convolution layer by selecting fine-tuned thresholds to control each approximation’s intensity. The proposed methods have been evaluated on ImageNet, MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, SVHN, and CIFAR-10 datasets. The proposed techniques achieved $\sim 5.28\text{x}$ multiplicative workload reduction without significant accuracy degradation ( $\sim 1.08\text{x}$ less multiplicative workload as compared to state-of-the-art Winograd CNN pruning. For LeNet, $\sim 3.87\text{x}$ and $\sim 3.93\text{x}$ was the multiplicative workload reduction for MNIST and Fashion-MNIST datasets. The additive workload reduction was $\sim 2.5\text{x}$ and $\sim 2.56\text{x}$ for the respective datasets. There is no significant accuracy loss for MNIST and Fashion-MNIST dataset.
- Published
- 2021
17. Latitudinal wind power resource assessment along coastal areas of Tamil Nadu, India
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Saad Rehman, A Mohd Mohandes, Mahbub Alam, and Narayanan Natarajan
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Wind power ,Meteorology ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Wind direction ,language.human_language ,Wind speed ,Latitude ,Work force ,Work (electrical) ,Mechanics of Materials ,Tamil ,language ,Environmental science ,Resource assessment ,business - Abstract
Globally, the wind power capacities are growing every passing year, which is an indicative of social and commercial acceptance of this technology by a larger section of the populations. In Indian perspective, the wind power capacities are also increasing with annual additions of new capacities and most of the development work is taking place in the southern part and that too in Tamil Nadu state. Research work in the area of accurate wind power assessment is being conducted to optimize the utilization of wind power and at the same time efforts are being exerted to enhance the operation and maintenance capabilities of the local skilled and semi-skilled work force. This study utilizes 38 years of hourly mean wind speed data from seven locations for providing the accurate wind power assessment and understanding the longitudinal behavior of its characteristics. The wind speed is found to be increasing with decreasing latitudes and having lesser variation in wind direction fluctuations, simply means conversing wind direction to narrower bands. Kanyakumari is identified as the most probable wind power deployment site with annual energy yield of 227.55 MWh and capacity factor of 34% followed by Vedaranyam, and Thoothukudi, as second and third priority sites with respective annual yields of 223.36 MWh and 218.73 MWh.
- Published
- 2020
18. Predicting No-shows at a Student-Run Comprehensive Primary Care Clinic
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Robert F. Miller, Saad Rehman, Lauren Slesur, Joseph R. Starnes, and Neil Holby
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Male ,Percentile ,Students, Medical ,Student Run Clinic ,Names of the days of the week ,Reminder Systems ,MEDLINE ,Psychological intervention ,Logistic regression ,Appointments and Schedules ,Humans ,Medicine ,Service quality ,Models, Statistical ,Primary Health Care ,business.industry ,Online database ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Tennessee ,Patient Compliance ,Female ,Medical emergency ,Family Practice ,business - Abstract
Background and Objectives: Missed appointments represent a significant challenge to the efficient and effective provision of care in the outpatient setting. High no-show rates result in ineffective use of human resources and contribute to loss of follow-up. Shade Tree Clinic (STC) is a student-run, comprehensive primary care clinic that serves more than 350 Middle Tennessee residents. This study aimed to use available data to predict no-shows to improve clinic efficiency and service quality. Methods: Data were pulled from clinic scheduling software for all appointments at STC between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2015. Weather data were added for each appointment date using an online database. Multivariable logistic regression was used to create models from these historical data. Results: A total of 13,499 appointments were included with an overall show rate of 69.2%. The final model contained previous show rate (OR 1.063; P
- Published
- 2019
19. SP7.2.2 Fascial defect closure in laparoscopic incisional/ventral hernia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized, controlled trials
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Muhammad S Sajid, Parv Sains, Mansoor Khan, Saad Rehman, and Muhammad Sajjad Akhtar
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Defect closure ,Randomized controlled trial ,business.industry ,law ,Meta-analysis ,Ventral hernia ,medicine ,Surgery ,business ,law.invention - Abstract
Aims Closure of fascial defect (CFD) during laparoscopic incisional/ventral hernia repair (LIVHR) remains a controversial issue which requires further investigations to reach a solid conclusion. The objective of this study is to present a systematic review comparing the outcomes of randomized controlled trials evaluating the defect closure versus no-defect closure in patients undergoing LIVHR. Methods A systematic review of randomized, controlled trials reporting the fascial defect closure in patients undergoing LIVHR until January 2021 published in Embase, Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central and Cochrane databases was performed using the principles of meta-analysis. Results A total of four RCTs involving 443 patients were included. In the random effects model analysis, using the statistical software Review Manager, defect closure during LIVHR showed no difference in hernia recurrence (risk ratio (RR), 0.89; 95% CI, 0.31, 2.57; z = 0.21; P = 0.84). In addition, the post-operative complications (RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.41, 1.16; z = 1.41; P = 0.16), duration of operation (Standardized mean difference (SMD), -0.04; 95% CI, -0.52, 0.43; z = 0.18; P = 0.86) and hospital stay (SMD, 0.27; 95% CI, -0.02, 0.56; z = 1.80; P = 0.07) were also statistically similar in both groups. CFD was associated with an increased post-operative pain score (SMD, 1.82; 95% CI, 0.61, 3.03; z = 2.95; P = 0.003). Conclusion Fascial defect closure in patients undergoing LIVHR does not demonstrate any superiority over no-defect closure in terms of recurrence, post-operative morbidity, post-operative pain duration of operation and length of hospital stay.
- Published
- 2021
20. SP2.2.6An audit on core surgical trainees’ operating theatre experience to improve compliance against JCST training quality indicators
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Nandu Nair, Haseeb Khawar, David Luke, and Saad Rehman
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Core (anatomy) ,Training quality ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Surgery ,Operations management ,Audit ,business ,Compliance (psychology) - Abstract
Aims The primary aim of this study was to audit the experience of core surgical trainees in operating theatres with a view to devise some interventions to improve the quality of theatre experience. Methods This study was a prospective audit that involved filling out a set proforma by all core surgical trainees working in a busy surgical department of a tertiary care university hospital. The proforma included a breakdown of questions to signpost indicators of quality experience and check compliance with the Joint Committee on Surgical Training (JCST) guidelines. It was completed with particular consideration given to the experience while trainees were on their CEPOD week to facilitate accuracy and relevance of feedback. Results 8 core surgical trainees filled out the proforma. 75% of trainees had the opportunity to reflect the case with the senior surgeon. Lowest compliance was shown for pre-operative discussion of crucial learning points with the senior surgeon. Only 50% of trainees had a chance to do a briefing pre-operatively which is one of the JCST quality indicator for core surgical trainees. Conclusion This audit demonstrates the potential for improvement in the operating theatre experience of junior surgical trainees considering JCST Quality Improvement indicators. A checklist may be introduced to achieve maximum utilisation of the finite training opportunities available to current junior surgical trainees. A loop closing audit after the checklist will be able to assess the change in practice and theatre experience.
- Published
- 2021
21. SP7.1.3 An integrated and upgraded meta-analysis of published randomized, controlled trials exploring the role of oral metronidazole as post-operative proctological analgesic agent
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Kausik Ray, Saad Rehman, Karim Iqbal, Muhammad S Sajid, Parv Sains, and Moaz Hamid
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Randomized controlled trial ,business.industry ,law ,Meta-analysis ,Internal medicine ,Analgesic ,Oral metronidazole ,Medicine ,Surgery ,Post operative ,business ,law.invention - Abstract
Aims Proctological procedures such as haemorrhoidectomy have been reported with significant post-operative pain affecting quality of life as well as capacity to perform daily activities. The objective of this article is to explore the role of conventionally used antibiotic metronidazole as a proctological analgesic. Methods A systematic review of the randomized, controlled trials reporting the use of oral metronidazole as post-operative proctological analgesic agent in patients undergoing haemorrhoidectomy published on Embase, Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central and Cochrane databases was performed using the principles of meta-analysis. Results A total of eight randomized, controlled trials on 447 patients were included in this study. In the random effects model analysis using the statistical software Review Manager, the use of oral metronidazole as a post-operative proctological analgesic agent was significantly associated with the reduced pain score on day 1 (Standardized mean difference (SMD), -0.56; 95% CI, -1.04, -0.07; z = 2.26; P = 0.02), day 3 (SMD, -0.82; 95% CI, -1.33, -0.31; z = 3.15; P = 0.002) and day 7 (SMD, -1.48; 95% CI, -2.51, -0.45; z = 2.82; P = 0.005). There was significant heterogeneity (Tau2 = 0.39, chi2 = 38.38, df = 7, [p = 0.00001]; I2 = 82 %) among included studies. Conclusion The use of oral metronidazole as a post-operative proctological analgesic agent following haemorrhoidectomy seems to have proven clinical advantages and may routinely be used.
- Published
- 2021
22. Learning curves in minimally invasive pancreatic surgery: a systematic review
- Author
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Gayle Fung, Menazir Sha, Basir Kunduzi, Farid Froghi, Saad Rehman, and Saied Froghi
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Pancreatectomy ,Robotic Surgical Procedures ,Humans ,Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ,Surgery ,Laparoscopy ,Pancreas ,Learning Curve ,Pancreaticoduodenectomy - Abstract
Background The learning curve of new surgical procedures has implications for the education, evaluation and subsequent adoption. There is currently no standardised surgical training for those willing to make their first attempts at minimally invasive pancreatic surgery. This study aims to ascertain the learning curve in minimally invasive pancreatic surgery. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Embase and Web of Science was performed up to March 2021. Studies investigating the number of cases needed to achieve author-declared competency in minimally invasive pancreatic surgery were included. Results In total, 31 original studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria with 2682 patient outcomes being analysed. From these studies, the median learning curve for distal pancreatectomy was reported to have been achieved in 17 cases (10–30) and 23.5 cases (7–40) for laparoscopic and robotic approach respectively. The median learning curve for pancreaticoduodenectomy was reported to have been achieved at 30 cases (4–60) and 36.5 cases (20–80) for a laparoscopic and robotic approach respectively. Mean operative times and estimated blood loss improved in all four surgical procedural groups. Heterogeneity was demonstrated when factoring in the level of surgeon’s experience and patient’s demographic. Conclusions There is currently no gold standard in the evaluation of a learning curve. As a result, derivations are difficult to utilise clinically. Existing literature can serve as a guide for current trainees. More work needs to be done to standardise learning curve assessment in a patient-centred manner.
- Published
- 2021
23. IoT-based Accident Detection and Emergency Alert System for Motorbikes
- Author
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Shaheryar Ahmad Khan, Saad Rehman, Umar Shahbaz Khan, and Arshia Arif
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Tilt sensor ,Tilt (optics) ,Computer science ,business.industry ,GSM ,Emergency alert system ,Real-time computing ,Crash ,Detection rate ,General Packet Radio Service ,Internet of Things ,business - Abstract
This paper proposes the design of an accident detection system for motorcycles that notifies the emergency contact of the injured motorcycle driver about their precise location so that necessary medical help can be provided timely. The proposed system is based on a tilt sensor that calculates the inclination of the motorcycle and then transmits notification to the concerned people through SMS and GPRS via an online server using a GSM module. The main contribution of this paper is that the developed system has extensively been tested in real time scenario and data has been collected from ten different bikes to determine an optimum tilt angle. Moreover, crash tests have also been performed. The system has a detection rate of 97.33%.
- Published
- 2021
24. Expelled kidney stones classification using feature fusion
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Khurram Shahzad, Faisal Azam, Saddaf Rubab, Saad Rehman, Ayman Alfalou, and Junaid Ali Khan
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Feature fusion ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Classifier (linguistics) ,medicine ,Pattern recognition ,Kidney stones ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,medicine.disease - Abstract
Stone accumulation in kidney is a typical disease/ sickness in most countries all around the world. Its frequency rate is continually expanding. It has been observed that, the classification of renal stones prompts an imperative decrease of the re-occurrence. The classification of stones based on particular texture, surface highlights and lab examinations are a standout amongst the most utilized strategies. In this paper we use dataset of explicitly intended for top captured pictures of 454 expelled kidney stones which extracted through urinary or surgical procedure for classification purpose. In this paper different techniques have been learned and applied the specialist’s defined framework to arrange them into defined classes then perform classification process. In this paper we use feature fusion technique to collect as much as possible features. We select VGG16, InceptionV3 and ALEX features for fusion using serial feature fusion method. We choose C-SVM and F-KNN classifier to get improved accuracy of same dataset and predict better correctness’s with the possibilities of expansion of the dataset measure. In initial testing classification accuracy recorded at 83.43%, FNR 19.25%, Precision Rate 88.48% and Sensitivity of 86.51% on CSVM, later on the best testing classification accuracy recorded at 99.5%, FNR 0.1%, Precision Rate 99.90% and Sensitivity of 99.96% on F-KNN.
- Published
- 2021
25. Pervasive blood pressure monitoring using Photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor
- Author
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Ali Hassan, Saad Rehman, Muhammad Ajmal Azad, Junaid Arshad, Muhammad Imran, and Farhan Riaz
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computer_science ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Systems ,Wearable computer ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,Pattern recognition ,02 engineering and technology ,Signal ,Identification (information) ,Blood pressure ,Autoregressive model ,Hardware and Architecture ,Histogram ,Photoplethysmogram ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Blood pressure monitoring ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Software - Abstract
Preventive healthcare requires continuous monitoring of the blood pressure (BP) of patients, which is not feasible using conventional methods. Photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals can be effectively used for this purpose as there is a physiological relation between the pulse width and BP and can be easily acquired using a wearable PPG sensor. However, developing real-time algorithms for wearable technology is a significant challenge due to various conflicting requirements such as high accuracy, computationally constrained devices, and limited power supply. In this paper, we propose a novel feature set for continuous, real-time identification of abnormal BP. This feature set is obtained by identifying the peaks and valleys in a PPG signal (using a peak detection algorithm), followed by the calculation of rising time, falling time and peak-to-peak distance. The histograms of these times are calculated to form a feature set that can be used for classification of PPG signals into one of the two classes: normal or abnormal BP. No public dataset is available for such study and therefore a prototype is developed to collect PPG signals alongside BP measurements. The proposed feature set shows very good performance with an overall accuracy of approximately 95%. Although the proposed feature set is effective, the significance of individual features varies greatly (validated using significance testing) which led us to perform weighted voting of features for classification by performing autoregressive modeling. Our experiments show that the simplest linear classifiers produce very good results indicating the strength of the proposed feature set. The weighted voting improves the results significantly, producing an overall accuracy of about 98%. Conclusively, the PPG signals can be effectively used to identify BP, and the proposed feature set is efficient and computationally feasible for implementation on standalone devices.
- Published
- 2019
26. Approximate Proximal Gradient-Based Correlation Filter for Target Tracking in Videos: A Unified Approach
- Author
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Muhammad Abbas, Haris Masood, Ali Hassan, Farhan Riaz, Aimal Khan, and Saad Rehman
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Multidisciplinary ,Markov chain ,business.industry ,Computer science ,010102 general mathematics ,Image processing ,Motion detection ,Tracking (particle physics) ,01 natural sciences ,Filter (video) ,Motion estimation ,Computer vision ,Minification ,Artificial intelligence ,0101 mathematics ,business ,Particle filter - Abstract
Video cameras are among the most commonly used devices throughout the world which results in imaging technology being one of the most important areas for research and development. Imaging technology requires constant research as it is used in crucial applications such as video conferencing and surveillance. In the field of image processing, motion detection and estimation are fundamental steps in extracting information on objects segmented from their backgrounds. In this paper, a cohesive approach is presented that uses two algorithms for motion estimation and detection. The proposed method is able to detect moving objects using maximum average correlation height (MACH) filter. Upon obtaining the accurate coordinates of an object of interest from the MACH filter, the next part of the algorithm starts tracking the object. For tracking, a particle filter is used to estimate the motion of the object using a Markov chain. To enhance the accuracy of particle filter, an approximate proximal gradient algorithm is employed for unconstrained minimization of the particles which restricts the tracking process to target templates (most essential information) only. Finally, a comparison between the proposed algorithm and recent similar algorithms is made that demonstrates the minimization of tracking errors using the proposed technique.
- Published
- 2019
27. On the mutual information of relaying protocols
- Author
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Saad Rehman, Muhammad Abbas, Aimal Khan, and Ayaz Ahmad
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Computer science ,business.industry ,ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,020302 automobile design & engineering ,Data_CODINGANDINFORMATIONTHEORY ,02 engineering and technology ,Mutual information ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Metric (mathematics) ,Computer Science::Networking and Internet Architecture ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Code (cryptography) ,Relay network ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Performance metric ,Incremental redundancy ,Computer Science::Information Theory ,Computer network - Abstract
The end-to-end performance metric for a conventional relay network with chase combining is the total Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) delivered at the destination. However, the accumulated mutual information at the destination is the most suitable metric for a relay network which performs code combining (incremental redundancy) instead of chase combining at the destination. This paper investigates the accumulated mutual information acquired at the destination in an Amplify-and-Forward (AF), Decode-and-Forward (DF), and Coded Cooperation (CC) relay network. So far, the analytical comparison of the accumulated mutual information for the different relaying protocols is not reported in the literature. In this paper, it is proved analytically that the mutual information of a relay network with coded cooperation is always greater than or equal to the mutual information of decode-and-forward and amplify-and-forward for the case when all the relays can decode successfully. Moreover, it is also shown that the mutual information of a network with coded cooperation is always greater than or equal to that of a decode-and-forward relay network.
- Published
- 2018
28. Abstract 13645: Cardiologist Evaluation of Patients With Type 2 Myocardial Infarction
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Saad Rehman, Joshua Cohen, Muthiah Vaduganathan, David S. Olshan, Avinainder Singh, Jinghan Cui, Maeve Jones-O'Connor, Sean M. Murphy, Cian P. McCarthy, James L Januzzi, and Jason H. Wasfy
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Cardiology ,cardiovascular diseases ,Myocardial infarction ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,medicine.disease - Abstract
Introduction: Type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI) is common and associated with recurrent cardiovascular events. How often T2MI patients are evaluated by a cardiologist and the association between these evaluations and diagnostic testing and treatments are unknown. Hypothesis: T2MI patients evaluated by a cardiologist are more likely to undergo cardiovascular testing and be placed on therapies for ischemic heart disease (IHD). Methods: We identified adjudicated patients with T2MI at Massachusetts General Hospital between October 2017 and May 2018. We examined baseline characteristics, diagnostic testing performed, and discharge medications, stratified by cardiologist evaluation during their admission. Results: We identified 359 patients with T2MI. During admission, 207 patients (57.7%) were evaluated by a cardiologist; 120 (33.4%) received a cardiology consultation and 87 (24.2%) were admitted to a cardiology service. Patients evaluated by a cardiologist were more likely to have hyperlipidemia (67.1% vs 52%, p=0.005), known CAD (58.9% vs. 38.8%, p Conclusions: Fewer than 60% of patients with T2MI were evaluated by a cardiologist during their admission and those that did were more likely to undergo further cardiovascular testing and to be discharged on therapies for IHD. Most T2MI patients did not have an outpatient cardiology follow-up visit after their event.
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- 2020
29. Cardiologist Evaluation of Patients With Type 2 Myocardial Infarction
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David S. Olshan, Avinainder Singh, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Saad Rehman, Jason H. Wasfy, Sean P. Murphy, Cian P. McCarthy, Joshua Cohen, James L. Januzzi, and Maeve Jones-O'Connor
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Coronary angiography ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Aspirin ,Chest Pain ,business.industry ,MEDLINE ,Myocardial Infarction ,Chest pain ,medicine.disease ,Text mining ,Cardiologists ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Humans ,Myocardial infarction ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,medicine.drug - Published
- 2020
30. Spoof detection for fake biometric images using feature-based techniques
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Abdullah Bilal, Syed Muhammad Saad, Sara Tehsin, and Saad Rehman
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Authentication ,Biometrics ,Computer science ,Image quality ,business.industry ,Metric (mathematics) ,Feature based ,Pattern recognition ,Artificial intelligence ,Single image ,business ,Reliability (statistics) - Abstract
Ensuring the actual presence of a genuine legitimate trait as opposed to a fake self-manufactured synthetic is a major problem in bio-metric authentication. The proposed system's objective is to improve the reliability of bio metric recognition systems through the use of image quality evaluation. The proposed technique uses general image quality features derived from a single image to distinguish between legitimate and impostor samples, making it optimal for applications with a very low degree of complexity. In the proposed method, we are using publicly available ATVSFir_ DB dataset of iris which makes it highly competitive. We have also tested the algorithm on self-generated dataset for authenticity and rigorous testing purposes. The results acquired from the experimental phase were satisfying and authentic. The proposed method is able to achieve an averaged accuracy of 99.1% for the ATVS-Fir_DB dataset and 99.9% for the self-generated dataset.
- Published
- 2020
31. A Long Short-Term Memory Biomarker-Based Prediction Framework for Alzheimer’s Disease
- Author
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Anza Aqeel, Ali Hassan, Muhammad Attique Khan, Saad Rehman, Usman Tariq, Seifedine Kadry, Arnab Majumdar, and Orawit Thinnukool
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Memory, Short-Term ,Alzheimer Disease ,Alzheimer’s ,long short-term memory ,artificial neural network ,machine learning ,Humans ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Biochemistry ,Instrumentation ,Biomarkers ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
The early prediction of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can be vital for the endurance of patients and establishes as an accommodating and facilitative factor for specialists. The proposed work presents a robotized predictive structure, dependent on machine learning (ML) methods for the forecast of AD. Neuropsychological measures (NM) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers are deduced and passed on to a recurrent neural network (RNN). In the RNN, we have used long short-term memory (LSTM), and the proposed model will predict the biomarkers (feature vectors) of patients after 6, 12, 21 18, 24, and 36 months. These predicted biomarkers will go through fully connected neural network layers. The NN layers will then predict whether these RNN-predicted biomarkers belong to an AD patient or a patient with a mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The developed methodology has been tried on an openly available informational dataset (ADNI) and accomplished an accuracy of 88.24%, which is superior to the next-best available algorithms.
- Published
- 2022
32. Future Challenges, Benefits of Internet of Medical Things and Applications in Healthcare Domain
- Author
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M.L Rao, Gulraiz JJ, A Farooq, and Saad Rehman
- Abstract
Internet of Medical Things (IOMT) is playing vital role in healthcare industry to increase the accuracy, reliability and productivity of electronic devices. Researchers are contributing towards a digitized healthcare system by interconnecting the available medical resources and healthcare services. As IOT converge various domains but our focus is related to research contribution of IOT in healthcare domain. This paper presents the peoples contribution of IOT in healthcare domain, application and future challenges of IOT in term of medical services in healthcare. We do hope that this work will be useful for researchers and practitioners in the field, helping them to understand the huge potential of IoT in medical domain and identification of major challenges in IOMT. This work will also help the researchers to understand applications of IOT in healthcare domain. This contribution will help the researchers to understand the previous contribution of IOT in healthcare industry.
- Published
- 2020
33. Detection of moving human using optimized correlation filters in homogeneous environment
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Saddaf Rubab, Naeem Akbar, Ahmad Bilal, Saad Rehman, Sara Tehsin, and Rupert Young
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Correlation ,Background subtraction ,Computer science ,Homogeneous ,business.industry ,Computer vision ,Artificial intelligence ,Invariant (mathematics) ,Color space ,business - Abstract
Detection of a moving human is challenging for real-time systems. Misdetection in high alert security areas may lead to heavy losses. This paper presents an optimized approach to avoid this misdetection in sensitive areas. Rotation invariant optimized correlation filters are used for detection of humans. Some pre-processing algorithms such as background subtraction and color space conversion have been linked to the correlation filters to minimize processing time and maximize the accuracy of target detection. The experimental tests of the proposed methodology validate that better accuracy can be achieved if the proposed optimized approach is utilized for moving human detection in real-time systems. In future work, the proposed approach will be extended to detect human activity at night and thermal imagery.
- Published
- 2020
34. Improved Burst Detection for Physical Layer of SDR Wideband Waveform using Zadoff-Chu Sequence
- Author
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Saad Rehman, Haseeb-ur-Rehman, Muhammad Zeeshan, Tabinda Ashraf, and Shoab A. Khan
- Subjects
business.industry ,Computer science ,Physical layer ,Overhead (computing) ,Waveform ,Software-defined radio ,Wideband ,business ,Zadoff–Chu sequence ,Throughput (business) ,Computer hardware ,Synchronization - Abstract
The demands of high throughput in networking radio communication system require the use of wideband networking waveform in software defined radio (SDR). The design of physical layer of any SDR waveform involves a crucial stage of burst detection as part of timing synchronization. In this paper, an efficient burst detection algorithm based on novel usage of Zadoff-chu sequence is proposed. The burst detection algorithm is Data Aided (DA) and is based on proposed time domain repetitive training sequence designed by using Zadoff-Chu sequence. The proposed technique reduces re-transmission overhead and thus increases throughput of the overall system. It is shown through simulation results that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing Golay sequence based burst detection by approximately 1.5 dB. This improvement in performance is achieved without increase in the computational complexity.
- Published
- 2020
35. Composite filtering strategy for improving distortion invariance in object recognition
- Author
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Saad Rehman, Asim D. Bakhshi, and Ahmed Bilal Awan
- Subjects
Difference of Gaussians ,Logarithm ,Contextual image classification ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition ,Pattern recognition ,02 engineering and technology ,Filter (signal processing) ,01 natural sciences ,010309 optics ,0103 physical sciences ,Signal Processing ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Preprocessor ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Artificial intelligence ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Classifier (UML) ,Scaling ,Software - Abstract
Correlation-based pattern recognition filtering methods such as the eigenextended maximum average correlation height (EEMACH) filter is considered an effective tool in object recognition applications. However, these approaches require exclusive training for all possible distortions including in-plane as well as out-of-plane rotation, scale and illumination variations. The overall training process is exhaustive and requires training of filter banks to handle specific types of distortion separately. To overcome the aforementioned limitations, the authors propose a new difference of Gaussian (DoG)-based logarithmically preprocessed EEMACH filter which can manage multiple distortions in a single training instance while ensuring inherent control over illumination variations. The DoG-based logarithmic treatment exploits inherent capabilities of logarithmic preprocessing to manage scale and in-plane rotations. By reducing the number of classifier instances to one third, it not only reduces the computation complexity of the process to 33%, but also enhances the object recognition performance. The cumulative improvement is up to 2.73% in case of rotations and 10.8% in case of scaling by incorporating reinforced edges due to DoG operation. The resultant filter displays significantly enhanced recognition performance leading to a higher percentage of correct machine decisions, especially when an input scene contains multiple distortions.
- Published
- 2018
36. A unified analytical framework for distributed variable step size LMS algorithms in sensor networks
- Author
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Houbing Song, Alagan Anpalagan, Muhammad Omer Bin Saeed, Azzedine Zerguine, Saad Rehman, and Waleed Ejaz
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,Diffusion (acoustics) ,Computer science ,Location awareness ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,computer.software_genre ,Least mean squares filter ,Variable (computer science) ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,computer ,Algorithm ,Wireless sensor network ,5G ,Drawback - Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) is helping to create a smart world by connecting sensors in a seamless fashion. With the forthcoming fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems, IoT is becoming increasingly important since 5G will be an important enabler for the IoT. Sensor networks for IoT are increasingly used in diverse areas, e.g., in situational and location awareness, leading to proliferation of sensors at the edge of physical world. There exist several variable step-size strategies in literature to improve the performance of diffusion-based Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm for estimation in wireless sensor networks. However, a major drawback is the complexity in the theoretical analysis of the resultant algorithms. Researchers use several assumptions to find closed-form analytical solutions. This work presents a unified analytical framework for distributed variable step-size LMS algorithms. This analysis is then extended to the case of diffusion based wireless sensor networks for estimating a compressible system and steady state analysis is carried out. The approach is applied to several variable step-size strategies for compressible systems. Theoretical and simulation results are presented and compared with the existing algorithms to show the superiority of proposed work.
- Published
- 2018
37. Unique application of awake tracheoscopy and endobronchial ultrasound in the management of tracheal mucoepidermoid carcinoma
- Author
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Harold N. Lovvorn, Saad Rehman, Christopher T. Wootten, Sivakumar Chinnadurai, and Otis B. Rickman
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Risk Assessment ,Endosonography ,Resection ,03 medical and health sciences ,Rare Diseases ,0302 clinical medicine ,Palliative resection ,Mucoepidermoid carcinoma ,Bronchoscopy ,Occlusion ,medicine ,Humans ,Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ,Endobronchial ultrasound ,business.industry ,Primary anastomosis ,respiratory system ,medicine.disease ,Asthma ,Dyspnea ,Treatment Outcome ,030228 respiratory system ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Pediatric malignancy ,Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid ,Female ,Tracheal Neoplasms ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Radiology ,Deglutition Disorders ,Emergency Service, Hospital ,business ,Airway - Abstract
Background Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the trachea is a rare pediatric malignancy that presents unique challenges in diagnosis, operative management, and surveillance. Methods and results We present a 17-year-old girl with primary tracheal mucoepidermoid carcinoma presenting in acute respiratory distress due to near-total occlusion of the tracheal airway. An algorithmic approach to preoperative planning was developed to evaluate and remove the tumor endoscopically without compromising oxygenation. After initial palliative resection, endobronchial ultrasound was uniquely applied to evaluate depth of tumor invasion, and subsequent tracheal resection with primary anastomosis was performed as curative treatment. Conclusion Removal of distal tracheal masses can be performed safely with the implementation of an algorithmic approach to tumor visualization and resection. Endobronchial ultrasound can be used to evaluate the extent of tumor invasion and plan for definitive resection.
- Published
- 2018
38. Active contour‐based clutter defiance scheme for correlation filters
- Author
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Asim D. Bakhshi, Muhammad Abbas, Saad Rehman, and Ahmed Bilal Awan
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Active contour model ,Computer science ,business.industry ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Pattern recognition ,02 engineering and technology ,Reduction (complexity) ,Correlation ,Filter design ,Distortion ,Pattern recognition (psychology) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Clutter ,Artificial intelligence ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business - Abstract
The negative impact of clutters on correlation output still remains the problem not handled in correlation pattern recognition (CPR) paradigm. Some of the known impacts caused by the presence of clutters include pronounced side-lobe generation and reduction in height of correlation peak. The occurrence of the side-lobes results in the distortion of actual correlation output while making the class decision a difficult task. Whereas, reduction in correlation height may cause class decisions to go wrong. The authors propose a novel clutter defiance strategy based on object segmentation through active contours approach thus evading a negative effect on the correlation output. Instead of allowing clutters to participate in CPR-based classification decision they recommend blocking irrelevant details to avoid distortion in the correlation process. An appropriate tweaking in the optimal logarithmic maximum average correlation height filter design yields a performance gain up to 80% in the correlation peak to side-lobe ratio, thus making it well pronounced to classify the true class objects correctly. The improvement remains consistent throughout the range of in-plane angular distortions against synthetically cluttered challenging images.
- Published
- 2019
39. Underutilization of Cardiac Rehabilitation for Type 2 Myocardial Infarction
- Author
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Sean P. Murphy, Cian P. McCarthy, Joshua Cohen, Muthiah Vaduganathan, James L. Januzzi, Maeve Jones-O'Connor, Jason H. Wasfy, Saad Rehman, Avinainder Singh, and David S. Olshan
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Rehabilitation ,Extramural ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Retrospective cohort study ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,medicine.disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Coronary thrombus ,Internal medicine ,cardiovascular system ,medicine ,Cardiology ,cardiovascular diseases ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Myocardial infarction ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
Although the concept of myocardial infarction (MI) occurring in the absence of coronary thrombus was first identified in 1939, it was 2007 before the term type 2 MI , referring to infarctions related to supply–demand imbalance, was first introduced into clinical practice [(1)][1]. Since then, our
- Published
- 2019
40. Trajectory based vehicle counting and anomalous event visualization in smart cities
- Author
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Shoab Ahmad Khan, Richard Jiang, Saad Rehman, Muhammad Abbas, Abdul Rauf, and Fozia Mehboob
- Subjects
Computer Networks and Communications ,Computer science ,Event (computing) ,business.industry ,Frame (networking) ,020207 software engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Object (computer science) ,Tracking (particle physics) ,Glyph (data visualization) ,Visualization ,Match moving ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Trajectory ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Computer vision ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Software - Abstract
Motion pattern analysis can be performed automatically on the basis of object trajectories by means of tracking videos; an effective approach to analyse and to model the traffic behaviour; is important to describe motion by taking the whole trajectory whereas it’s more essential to identify and evaluate object behaviour online. In this paper, pattern detection approach is presented which takes spatio-temporal characteristic of vehicle trajectories. A real time system is built to infer and track the object behaviour quickly by online performing trajectory analysis. Every independent vehicle in the video frame is tracked over time. As the anomaly behaviour occurs, glyph is generated to show it occurrences. Vehicle counting is done by estimating the trajectories and compared with Hungarian tracker. Several surveillance videos are taken into account for the performance checking of system. Experimental results demonstrated that proposed method in comparison with the state of the art algorithms, provides robust vehicle density estimation and event information i.e., lane change information.
- Published
- 2017
41. Students' participation in collaborative research should be recognised
- Author
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Aditya Borakati, Kenneth McLean, Thomas M. Drake, Ewen M. Harrison, Sivesh K. Kamarajah, Chetan Khatri, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Minaam Abbas, Muhammad Abdalkoddus, Areej Abdel-Fattah, Reem Abdelgalil, Haweya Abdikadir, Ryan Adams, Sarah Adams, Inioluwa Adelaja, Abiola Adeogun, Helena Adjei, Amirul Adlan, Hussamuddin Adwan, Sara Aeyad, Raiyyan Aftab, Amir Afzul, Vani Agarwal, Hosam Aglan, Medha Agrawal, Rishi Agrawal, Fiza Ahmed, Sobia Akhtar, Onyinye Akpenyi, Maithem Al-Attar, Muhammed Al-Ausi, Waleed Al-Khyatt, Alia Al-Mousawi, Zainab Al-Nasser, Anand Alagappan, Justin Alberts, Maryam Alfa-Wali, Abdulmajid Ali, Adnan Ali, Tamara Ali, Bilal Alkhaffaf, Rachael Allen, Kassem Alubaidi, Edemanwan Andah, Richard Anderson, Kirstine Andrew, Andrew Ang, Eshen Ang, Theophilus Anyomih, James Archer, Matt Archer, Steven Arnell, Matthew Arnold, Esha Arora, Nadeem Ashraf, Raees Ashraf, Jordan Ashwood, Usama Asif, Andrew Atayi, Sameera Auckburally, Ralph Austin, Sultana Azam, Aishah Azri Yahaya, Fiyin Babatunde, Simon Bach, Roudi Bachar, Abdul Badran, Caroline Baillie, Edward Balai, Alexander Baldwin, Vartan Balian, Danielle Banfield, Jonathan Bannard-Smith, Connor Barker, Behrad Barmayehvar, Jane Barnfield, David Bartlett, Richard Bartlett, Kwaku Baryeh, Siddharth Basetti, Kellie Bateman, Michael Bath, Andrew Beamish, William Beasley, Simon Beecroft, Ardit Begaj, Gurpreet Beghal, Jessica Belchos, Katarzyna Bera, Tara Bergara, Anna Betts, Aneel Bhangu, Gayathri Bhaskaran, Amina Bhatti, Mihai Bica, Caitlin Billyard, Emily Birkin, Jane Blazeby, Harry Blege, Natalie Blencowe, Christopher Blore, Alex Boddy, Matthew Boissaud-Cooke, Anita Bolina, William Bolton, David Bosanquet, Doug Bowley, Kathryn Boyce, Graham Branagan, Jessica Brayley, Joanna Brecher, Kristina Bresges, Emily Briggs, Ryan Broll, Damien Brown, Elliot Brown, Leo Brown, Robin Brown, Rory Brown, Connor Bruce, Pepa Bruce, Rory Buckle, Emily Budd, Richard Buka, Dermot Burke, Joshua Burke, Alisha Burman, Laura Burney, Amy Burrows, Mohammed Bux, Ronan Cahill, Clementina Calabria, Julian Camilleri-Brennan, Amy Campbell, Bill Campbell, Matthew Cant, Yun Cao, Sophie Carlson, Grace Carr, Luke Carr, Rebecca Carr, Richard Carr, Eleanor Cartwright, Alice Castle, Kirsty Cattle, Daniel Cave, Stephen Chapman, Alexandros Charalabopoulos, Sanjay Chaudhri, Ahmad Chaudhry, Paresh Chauhan, Priyesh Chauhan, Ryad Chebbout, Yunzi Chen, Louisa Chenciner, Jingjie Cheng, Natalie Cheng, Lin Chew, Zenab China, Abhishek Chitnis, Praminthra Chitsabesan, Paul Choi, Sarah Choi, Mariam Choudhry, Chern Choy, Claudia Ciurleo, Henry Claireaux, Peter Coe, Simon Cole, Katy Concannon, Edward Cope, Olivia Corbridge, Jessica Court, Louise Cox, Anna Craig-Mcquaide, Ben Cresswell, Lauren Crozier, Neil Cruickshank, Lucy Cuckow, Helen Cui, Elspeth Cumber, Sarah Cumming, Olivia Cundy, Melissa Cunha, Pedro Cunha, Laura Cunliffe, Jazleen Dada, Prita Daliya, Jeffrey Dalli, Ian Daniels, James Daniels, Ahmed Daoub, Sabeera Dar, Emma Das, Kaustuv Das, Emily Davies, Gareth Davies, Kirsty Davies, Kristen Davies, Rachel Davies, Victoria Dawe, Joshua Lucas de Carvalho, Katie De Jong, Katherine Deasy, Praveena Deekonda, Sahil Deepak, Henal Desai, Karishma Desai, Ryan Devlin, Nishat Dewan, Akashdeep Dhillon, Priya Dhillon, Tanya Dhir, Salomone Di Saverio, Julia Diamond, Peter Dib, Panagiotis A. Dimitriadis, Shiva Dindyal, Matthew Doe, Ciaran Doehrty, Tara Dogra, Arpan Doshi, Alison Downey, Joseph Doyle, Ashleigh Draper, Sarah Duff, Joseph Duncumb, Sophie Dupre, Justine Durno, Michal Dzieweczynski, Nicola Eardley, Sarah Easby, Sam Easdon, Hamdi Ebdewi, Lydon Eccles, Jacob Edwards, Padma Eedarapalli, Mohamed Elbuzidi, Patrick Elder, Lucy Elliott, Malaz Elsaddig, Ysabelle Embury-Young, Sophie Emesih, Alec Engledow, William English, Christos Episkopos, Jonathan Epstein, Rahim Esmail, Taher Fatayer, Nicolò Favero, Nicola Fearnhead, Maxine Feldman, Evelyn Fennelly, Stephen Fenwick, Lucie Ferguson, Stuart Fergusson, Petros Fessas, Isabel FitzGerald, J. Edward Fitzgerald, Harry Fitzpatrick, Daniel Fletcher, Tonia Forjoe, Beniamino Forte, Alex Fowler, Benjamin France, Abraham Francis, Niroshan Francis, Sunil Francis, Sam Freeman, Vicky Fretwell, Teresa Fung, Hugh Furness, Michael Gallagher, Stuart Gallagher, Chuanyu Gao, Lothaire Garard, Shona Gardner, Andrew Gaukroger, Daniel George, Simi George, Jamal Ghaddar, Ali Ghaffar, Shamira Ghouse, Amanda Gilbert, Ashveen Gill, Francesco Giovinazzo, Carey Girling, Lolade Giwa, James Glasbey, Paul Glen, Mary Goble, Jenna Godfrey, Shreya Goel, Wenn Goh, Kajal Gohil, Shyam Gokani, David Gold, David Golding, Andrea Gonzalez-Ciscar, Ross Goodson, Melissa Gough, Shubhangi Govil, Thomas Gower, Christopher Graham, Sam Gray, Patrick Green, Samuel Greenhalgh, Kyriacos Gregoriou, Rhiannon Gribbell, Mary Catherine Gribbon, Charlotte Grieco, Emma Griffiths, Ewen Griffiths, Nathan Griffiths, Sara Griffiths, Cathleen Grossart, Daniel Guerero, Christianne Guillotte, Rishi Gupta, Claire Guy, Adam Gwozdz, James Haddow, Shazia Hafiz, Constantine Halkias, Elisabeth Hall, Hasseb Hamid, Emma Hamilton, Gurvinder Singh Harbhajan Singh, John Hardman, Rhiannon Harries, Rhydian Harris, Suzanne Harrogate, Megan Harty, Jessica Harvey, Rahima Hashemi, Ahmed Hassane, Helen Hawkins, Thomas Hawthorne, John Hayes, Phoebe Hazenberg, Harry Heath, Madhusoodhana Hebbar, R. Heer, Roisin Hegarty O'Dowd, David Henshall, Philip Herrod, Elizabeth Hester, Emily Heywood, Nick Heywood, Frances Hill, James Hill, Kirsty Hill, May Ho, Marianne Hollyman, David Holroyd, Joseph Home, Steve Hornby, Laura Horne, Charlotte Horseman, Huma Hosamuddin, Amy Hough, George Hourston, Nathan Hudson-Peacock, Belinda Hughes, Katie Hughes, Isabel Huppatz, Penelope Hurst, Mahrukh Hussain, Shoaib Fahad Hussain, Syeda Hussain, Imogen Hutchings, Bilal Ibrahim, Lema Imam, Rory Ingham, Rose Ingleton, Rizwan Iqbal, Jenny Isherwood, Abdurrahman Islim, Omar Ismail, Shashank Iyer, Toby Jackman, Prashant Jain, Nadeem Jamal, Sabine Jamal, Ellen James, Nirmitha Jayaratne, Nathan Jeffreys, Hiral Jhala, Courtney Johnson, Zoe Johnston, Conor Jones, Emma-Jane Jones, Keaton Jones, Victor Jones, Roshan Joseph, Dilan Joshi, Holly Joyce, Claire Joyner, Aditya Kale, Sagar Kanabar, Lina Kanapeckaite, Hadyn Kankam, Sarantos Kaptanis, Edward Karam, Dimitrios Karponis, Anne Karunatilleke, Veeru Kasivisvanathan, Geeta Kaur, Samina Kauser, Nigel Keelty, Denise Kelly, Jessica Kennett, Molly Kerr, Ahmed Kerwan, Apoorva Khajuria, Mostafa Khalil, Mehnoor Khaliq, Ayushah Khan, Hamzah Khan, Haroon Khan, Maaz Khan, Maria Khan, Shahab Khan, Kaywaan Khan, Rachel Khaw, Ashni Kheterpal, Parisa Khonsari, Miraen Kiandee, Samuel Kim, Suji Kim, Sung-Hee Kim, Harry King, Anna Kinsella, Ajit Kishore, Stefan Klimach, Angelos G. Kolias, Anna Kolodziejczyk, Chia Yew Kong, Tseun Han James Kong, Omar Kouli, Sebi Kukran, Sevi Kukran, Geev Kumaran, Vladislav Kutuzov, Chris Laing, Georgina Laing, Kulvinder Lal, Peter Lalor, Joel Lambert, Sai Geethan Lambotharan, Eve Lancaster, Jasmine Latter, Michelle Latter, Kenny Lau, Alexa Lazarou, Madeline Leadon, Gabriel Lee, Jeyoung Lee, Kathryn Lee, Matthew Lee, Samuel Lee, Zong Lee, Edward Leung, Thomas Lewis, Hansen Li, Mimi Li, Wan Jane Liew, Yao Ren Liew, Alexander Light, Lydia Lilis, Diana Lim, Hui Lim, Joseph Lim, Zhi Lim, Siyin Liu, James Lloyd, Andrew Logan, Priya Loganathan, M. Long, Lydia Longstaff, Luisa Lopez Rojas, Richard Lovegrove, Jack Lowe-Zinola, Byron Lu Morrell, Joshua Luck, Andreas Luhmann, Surabhika Lunawat, Jon Lund, Cong Luo, Lorna Luo, Iona Lyell, Panagis Lykoudis, Jonathan Macdonald, Aliya Mackenzie, Conor Magee, Pooja Mahankali-Rao, Kamal Mahawar, Mehreen Mahfooz, Faisal Mahmood, Samir Makwana, Tom Malik, Sohaib Mallick, Jyothis Manalayil, Tinaye Mandishona, Sudhakar Mangam, Maniragav Manimaran, Natarajan Manimaran, Chris Manson, Sufyan Mansoor, Fatima Mansour, Alejandro Marcos Rodrigo, Nicholas Markham, Maria Marks, Paul Marriott, Hannah Marsden, Laura Martin, Tiago Martins, John Mason, Luke Mason, Mariam Masood, Nikhil Math, Ginimol Mathew, Jacob Matthews, Jonathan Mayes, Ursula Mc Gee, Ross Mcallister, Sandra Mcallister, Scott Mccain, Conor Mccann, Emmet Mccann, Cathal McCarthy, Gillian Mccoll, Greg Mcconaghie, Ace Mcdermott, Frank McDermott, Rachel Mcdougall, Mark McDowell, Gordon McFarlane, Richard McGregor, Doug McKechnie, Jillian McKenna, Scott McKinstry, Georgia Mclachlan, E. Mclean, Elizabeth McLennan, Angus McNair, Kenneth Mealy, Lauren Mecia, Alexander Mehta, Aidan Mellan, Arathi Menon, Donald Menzies, Zhubene Mesbah, David Messenger, George Miller, Aseem Mishra, Sona Mistry, Tahira Mohamed, Nisha Mohamed Mushaini, Midhun Mohan, Ameerah Mohd Azmilssss, Ajay Mohite, Krishna Moorthy, Jalal Moradzadeh, Richard Morgan, Gabriella Morley, Alice Mortimer, Hannah Mownah, Paul Moxey, Gagira Mudalige, Umarah Muhammad, Samuel Munday, Ben Murphy, Ciaran Murphy, Caoimhe Murray, Hannah Murray, Michael Murray, Mohammed Ibrar Murtaza, Jameel Mushtaq, Ameer Mustafa, Shams Mustafa, Laura Myers, Sam Myers, Adeeb Naasan, Kiran Nadeem, Hanzla Naeem, Prashant Naik, Arun Nair, Keshav K. Nambiar, Muhammad Naqi, Zehra Naqvi, Yan Ning Neo, Georgia Irene Neophytou, Jonathan Neville, Tom Newman, Benjamin Ng, Guat Ng, Jing Qi Ng, Vincent Ng, Zhan Herr Ng, Maire Ni Bhoirne, James Nicholas, Gary Nicholson, George Ninkovic-Hall, Gemma Nixon, Mike Norwood, Toby Noton, Romman Nourzaie, Richard Novell, Donald Nyanhongo, James O'Brien, Rory O'Kane, Stephen O'Neill, Hugh O'Sullivan, Thomas Oakley, Chinomso Ogbuokiri, Oluwafunto Ogunleye, Su Oh, Emezie Okorocha, James Olivier, Rele Ologunde, Sharif Omara, Alice Ormrod, Caroline Osborne, Joanna Osmanska, Raisah Owasil, Sebastian Owczarek, Ezgi Ozcan, Sri Palaniappan, Francesco Palazzo, Abbas Palkhi, Gargi Pandey, James Park, Jennifer Parker, Anna Parry, James Parsonage, Lauren Passby, Bhavi Patel, Bhavik Patel, Chantal Patel, Dinisha Patel, Kirtan Patel, Panna Patel, Pratiksha Patel, Trupesh Patel, Mariasoosai Pathmarajah, Amogh Patil, Pradeep Patil, Yusuf Patrick, Jessica Pearce, Lyndsay Pearce, Colin Peirce, Bryony Peiris, Amy Pendrill, Sreelata Periketi, Michael Perry, George Petrov, Charlotte Phillips, Grace Pike, Ana Catarina Pinho-Gomes, Parhana Polly, Arachchige Ponweera, Yanish Poolovadoo, Raunak Poonawala, Petya Popova, Dimitri Pournaras, Brooke Powell, Praveena Prabakaran, Esha Prakash, Tapani Pratumsuwan, Anusha Prem Kumar, Helen Puddy, Michael Pullinger, Nikita Punjabi, Oliver Charles Putt, Omar Qadir, Mubasher Qamar, Patrick Quinn, Arham Qureshi, Mohamed Rabie, Angus Radford, Anand Radhakrishnan, Ansh Radotra, Nasir Rafiq, Aria Rahem, Nahim Rahman, Syed Rahman, Ramesh Rajagopal, Nick Rajan, Nikitha Rajaraman, Sumetha Rajendran, Liandra Ramachenderam, Divya Ramakrishnan, Denisha Ramjas, James Rammell, Ritika Rampal, George Ramsay, Ratan Randhawa, Ellis Rea, Stephanie Rees, Saad Rehman, Salwah Rehman, Nabila Rehnnuma, Melina Rejayee, Zakaria Rob, Charlotte Roberts, Grace Roberts, Ben Roberts, Harry Robinson, Stephen Robinson, Ailin Rogers, Alex Rogers, William Rook, Talisa Ross, Chloe Roy, Azelea Rushd, Duncan Rutherford, Michael Saat, Kaushik Sadanand, Rebecca Sagar, Harkiran Sagoo, Arin Saha, Kapil Sahnan, Mohammed Salik Sait, Saif Sait, Damien Salekin, Mostafa Salem, Nadia Salloum, Emma Sanders, Jasmesh Sandhu, N. Sandhu, Lorna Sandison, Laura Sandland-Taylor, Ron Sangal, Chandan Sanghera, Josephine Saramunda, Lauren Satterthwaite, Moritz Schramm, Rupert Scott, Chloe Searle, Harkiran Seehra, Juan Jose Segura-Sampedro, Harpreet Kaur Sekhon Inderjit Singh, Shaikh Sanjid Seraj, Ishani Seth, Rajiv Sethi, Apar Shah, Mario Shaid, Shafaque Shaikh, Awad Shamali, Elizabeth Sharkey, Abhi Sharma, Neil Sharma, Sachin Sharma, Aniruddh Shenoy, Maleasha Shergill, Shahram Shirazi, Imran Siddiqui, Raykal Sim, Lucy Simmonds, Andrew Simon, William Simpson, Bharpoor Singh, J. Singh, Prashant Singh, Anant Sinha, Sidhartha Sinha, Robert Sinnerton, Chaamanti Sivakumar, Brendan Skelly, Richard Slater, Samuel Small, Neil Smart, Yat Wing Smart, Alexander Smith, Charlotte Smith, Jason Smith, Rebecca Smith, Scott Smith, Peter Sodde, Zhi Min Soh, Aniket Sonsale, Ahmed Soualhi, John Spearman, Robert Spencer, Harry Spiers, Philip Stather, Michael Stoddart, Bradley Storey, Howard Stringer, Thomas Stringfellow, Ben Stubbs, Niv Sukir, Nivian Sukirthan, Yasir Suleman, Aparnah Sureshkumar, Ashwin Suri, Timen Swartbol, Hyder Tahir, E. Tian Tan, Huai Ling Tan, Laura Tan, Alethea Tang, Priyal Taribagil, Yao Zong Tay, Beth Taylor, Zara Taylor, Alexandra Thatcher, Rachel Thavayogan, Michael Thomaa, Daniah Thomas, Jenny Thomas, Paul Thomas, Thomas Pinkney, Chris Thompson, Mag Ting, Ethan Toner, Godwin Tong, Jared Torkington, Molly Traish, Miles Triniman, John Trotter, Kwong Tsang, Sanchit Turaga, Hannah Turley, James Turner, Tomas Urbonas, Alexandra Urquhart, Nimai Vadgama, Aashay Vaidya, Gijs van Boxel, Swati Vara, Massimo Varcada, Rebecca Varley, Dee Varma, Martinique Vella-Baldacchino, Sara Venturini, Naina Verma, Saurabh Verma, Gabrielle Vernet, Mark Vipond, Alex von Roon, Qasim Wadood, Kathryn Waite, Lewis Walker, Nathan Walker, Jonathan C.M. Wan, Liyang Wang, Xue Wang, Alex Ward, Thomas Ward, Nienke Warnaar, Lloyd Warren, Oliver Warren, Sam Waters, Angus Watson, Laura Jayne Watson, Dominic Waugh, Daniel Weinberg, Malcolm West, Carla White, Tim White, Katharine Whitehurst, Robert Whitham, Tharindri Wijekoon, Manuk Wijeyaratne, Richard Wilkin, Alex Wilkins, Adam Williams, Gethin Williams, Luke Williams, Robert Williams, Andrew Williamson, Jacinthe Willson, Andrew Wilson, Holly Wilson, James Wilson, Lizzie Wilson, Megan Wilson, Michael Wilson, Rebekah Wilson, Tim Wilson, Evelina Woin, Esther Wright, Jenny Wright, Nicholas Wroe, Joanne Wylie, Yiwang Xu, Satheesh Yalamarthi, Angela Yan, Narisu Yang, Eda Yardimci, Ibrahim Yasin, Ismael Yasin, Noor Yasin, Joseph Yates, Jih Dar Yau, Tricia Yeoh, Joshua Yip, Cissy Yong, Vasudev Zaver, Tatiana Zhelezniakova, and Adreana Zulkifli
- Subjects
Medical education ,Manchester Cancer Research Centre ,business.industry ,ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/mcrc ,MEDLINE ,General Medicine ,030230 surgery ,Collaborative research ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Foundation Programme ,Medicine ,Surgery ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business - Published
- 2017
42. Self-Organizing Hierarchical Particle Swarm Optimization of Correlation Filters for Object Recognition
- Author
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Muhammad Omer Bin Saeed, Saad Rehman, Mohammad S. Alam, Muhammad Abbas, Ali Hassan, Farhan Riaz, Rupert Young, and Sara Tehsin
- Subjects
QA75 ,General Computer Science ,Computer science ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,object recognition ,010309 optics ,Correlation ,Distortion ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,TA0329 ,General Materials Science ,Multi-swarm optimization ,Cluster analysis ,optimal trade-off ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition ,Particle swarm optimization ,Pattern recognition ,G400 Computer Science ,Correlation filter ,Filter (video) ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,hierarchical particle swarm optimization ,lcsh:TK1-9971 ,Algorithm - Abstract
Advanced correlation filters are an effective tool for target detection within a particular class. Most correlation filters are derived from a complex filter equation leading to a closed form filter solution. The response of the correlation filter depends upon the selected values of the optimal trade-off (OT) parameters. In this paper, the OT parameters are optimized using particle swarm optimization with respect to two different cost functions. The optimization has been made generic and is applied to each target separately in order to achieve the best possible result for each scenario. The filters obtained using standard particle swarm optimization (PSO) and hierarchal particle swarm optimization (HPSO) algorithms have been compared for various test images with the filter solutions available in the literature. It has been shown that optimization improves the performance of the filters significantly.
- Published
- 2017
43. Network-on-Chip based MPSoC architecture for k-mean clustering algorithm
- Author
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Arslan Shaukat, Sajid Gul Khawaja, Saad Rehman, M. Usman Akram, and Shoab A. Khan
- Subjects
Hardware architecture ,Speedup ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Computer science ,Message passing ,k-means clustering ,02 engineering and technology ,Parallel computing ,MPSoC ,Bottleneck ,020202 computer hardware & architecture ,Network on a chip ,Artificial Intelligence ,Hardware and Architecture ,Scalability ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Cluster analysis ,Throughput (business) ,Algorithm ,Software - Abstract
Data and image segmentation plays pivotal role in the application of machine learning. k-means, as a tool for unsupervised clustering, is a widely used algorithm for segmentation due to its inherent simplicity and efficiency. k-means partitions datasets into subsets based on their fitness value. As such k-means is a well suited algorithm for implementation on hardware platform such as Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) but requires high computation time. Hardware accelerators can help in reducing the computation complexity of the algorithm. In this paper, we present a simplified multicore based scalable hardware architecture for implementation of k-means. Mean and fitness modules in proposed architecture are further unfolded to further enhance the speed of k-means clustering algorithm. The unfolding factor has to be selected by keeping the area of the target device in check. In the proposed architecture, the cores are further connected through Network on Chip (NoC) interconnect network which allows for higher scalability while elevating the bottleneck of message passing. The performance of our MPSoC architecture has been evaluated with respect to Average Speedup, Average Throughput and Area consumption with and without use of NoC interconnect. Finally, we compare the use of different NoC interconnect models with respect to maximum Operating Frequency, average Throughput and Area overhead.
- Published
- 2016
44. A Study of Solid Waste Management in Karachi City
- Author
-
Syed Noman Waheed, Adil Afzal, Syed Muhammad Umer, Wardah Sabir, and Saad Rehman
- Subjects
Solid waste management ,Waste management ,municipalities ,waste disposal ,illegal dumping ,lcsh:H1-99 ,Business ,recycling ,lcsh:Social sciences (General) ,lcsh:L7-991 ,lcsh:Education (General) - Abstract
There is a growing problem of waste management faced by developing countries. Karachi is the biggest city of Pakistan having a population of approximately 24 million. Statistics indicate that on a daily basis, about 12,000 tons of solid waste is generated in Karachi alone, of which forty percent can be found on the city streets. Improper management of solid waste is causing the spread of infectious diseases and environmental pollution. This study examines how the solid waste management process is implemented in Karachi and the challenges faced by the responsible authorities. Solid waste management combines all activities performed in order to keep the city clean on a regular basis and handle waste collection and disposal, sewerages, water treatment, recycling, and health and hygiene issues. This study is qualitative in nature and the mediums of observations and interviews were used to collect data. A total of twenty respondents were interviewed using both structured and unstructured questions. These included residents of selected areas of Karachi as well as municipal officials who are responsible for solid waste management in the city. Results revealed that the citizens are dissatisfied with the current strategies of solid waste management implemented by the municipalities. The public thinks that the municipalities are ill-equipped to handle the developing situation of substantial waste in the city due to which they have to confront many problems. The municipalities, on the other hand, were found to be underfunded and ineffective in the department of solid waste management and therefore, they lack the proper instruments to ensure their efficiency. Residents of Karachi were also a contributing element in the growing waste problem by means of their participation in activities such as illegal dumping and violation of laws. With the ratio of solid waste, increasing per day in the urban center, there is an immediate need to implement major steps to improve the current situation. A more consolidated strategy for solid waste management needs to be designed and implemented which streamlines the processes of waste collection and disposal. Citizens of Karachi also need to be educated on how they can play their part in reducing the quantity of solid waste through the promotion of habits such as recycling.
- Published
- 2016
45. Application of the GRACE, TIMI, and TARRACO Risk Scores in Type 2 Myocardial Infarction
- Author
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James L. Januzzi, Cian P. McCarthy, Sean P. Murphy, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Saad Rehman, Avinainder Singh, Joshua Cohen, Maeve Jones-O'Connor, Jinghan Cui, David S. Olshan, and Jason H. Wasfy
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adverse outcomes ,medicine.medical_treatment ,MEDLINE ,Myocardial Infarction ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Risk Assessment ,Severity of Illness Index ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,International Classification of Diseases ,Internal medicine ,Severity of illness ,Medicine ,Humans ,cardiovascular diseases ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Myocardial infarction ,Registries ,Acute Coronary Syndrome ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,Extramural ,Thrombolysis ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,Cardiology ,Female ,Myocardial infarction diagnosis ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,TIMI - Abstract
The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) and Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk scores are validated to predict risk of adverse outcomes among patients with type 1 myocardial infarction (MI). Type 2 MI (T2MI) is common and is associated with significant mortality, yet the
- Published
- 2019
46. SHAPE CONTEXT BASED CLUTTER DEFIANCE IN LOGARITHMIC CORRELATION FILTERS
- Author
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Farhan Riaz, Ahmed Bilal Awan, Saad Rehman, and Asim D. Bakhshi
- Subjects
Correlation ,Logarithm ,Clutter ,Shape context ,Statistical physics ,Mathematics - Published
- 2019
47. Enhanced target recognition employing spatial correlation filters and affine scale invariant feature transform
- Author
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Akber Gardezi, Phil Birch, Chris Chatwin, Usman Malik, Rupert Young, and Saad Rehman
- Subjects
Spatial correlation ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Frequency domain ,Scale-invariant feature transform ,Clutter ,Pattern recognition ,Image processing ,Artificial intelligence ,Affine transformation ,Invariant (mathematics) ,business ,Object detection - Abstract
A spatial domain optimal trade-off Maximum Average Correlation Height (SPOT-MACH) filter has been shown to have advantages over frequency domain implementations of the Optimal Trade-Off Maximum Average Correlation Height (OR-MACH) filter as it can be made locally adaptive to spatial variations in the input image background clutter and normalized for local intensity changes. This enables the spatial domain implementation to be resistant to illumination changes. The Affine Scale Invariant Feature Transform (ASIFT) is an extension of previous feature transform algorithms; its features are invariant to six affine parameters which are translation (2 parameters), zoom, rotation and two camera axis orientations. This results in it accurately matching increased numbers of key points which can then be used for matching between different images of the object being tested. In this paper a novel approach will be adopted for enhancing the performance of the spatial correlation filter (SPOT MACH filter) using ASIFT in a pre-processing stage enabling fully invariant object detection and recognition in images with geometric distortions. An optimization criterion is also be developed to overcome the temporal overhead of the spatial domain approach. In order to evaluate effectiveness of algorithm, experiments were conducted on two different data sets. Several test cases were created based on illumination, rotational and scale changes in the target object. The performance of correlation algorithms was also tested against composite images as references and it was found that this results in a well-trained filter with better detection ability even when the target object has gone through large rotational changes.
- Published
- 2019
48. Hardware design of correlation filters for target detection
- Author
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Sara Tehsin, Naeem Akbar, Rupert Young, Haseeb ur Rehman, and Saad Rehman
- Subjects
Correlation ,Software ,Hardware implementations ,Biometrics ,Section (archaeology) ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Automatic target detection ,business ,Computer hardware - Abstract
Correlation filters have been implemented in software and have proven very effective for automatic target detection, biometric verification and security applications. In this paper, these filters are implemented in hardware keeping in view their importance in real time applications. Hardware implementations are compared with results generated through software. These vary by as little as 10-4 which is demonstrated in the experimental section of the paper. The hardware design of these filters is implemented in LabView which can be subsequently employed in real-time security applications. This design may be expanded for other advanced variants of correlation filters in future work.
- Published
- 2019
49. A Novel NLP Application to Automatically Generate Text Extraction Concepts from Textual Descriptions
- Author
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Mudassar Adeel Ahmed, Imran Ahsan, Muazzam A. Khan, Muhammad Abbas, and Saad Rehman
- Subjects
Class (computer programming) ,Authentication ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Sorting ,computer.software_genre ,Automatic summarization ,Domain (software engineering) ,Information extraction ,Text mining ,Test case ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer ,Natural language processing - Abstract
Text summarization has become a sophisticated approach for the quick searching, automatic sorting, abstract generating etc., to the large amount of data. The involvement of complete study of passage and extra time is needed to generate the essence of any content. Subsequently, Natural Language Processing is an information extraction approach to automatically extract the artifacts from the textual descriptions. Moreover, NLP is often applied to generate the various element of concerns like essential terms, class models, test cases from the initial Textual descriptions. However, it is usually required to study complete passage to extract relevant information from textual content that makes this process time consuming. This research article proposed a novel and fully automatic NLP methodology to generate crux from content. As a part of research, a tool Efficient Text Summary from Text (ETST) is developed. Research authentication is achieved through the implementation of two state-of-the-art case studies. The experimental outcome proved that our suggested Natural Language Processing methodology is novel and fully automatic and is also useful for the future researchers of this domain.
- Published
- 2019
50. METRICS AND TOOLS THAT ARE AVAILABLE FORTESTING SCALABILITY
- Author
-
Saad Rehman, Muhammad Abbas, and Anila Umar
- Subjects
Computer science ,Distributed computing ,Scalability - Published
- 2019
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