Search

The Western Atlantic goby Ctenogobius boleosoma (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) was found at the Agri River mouth, south Italy. It is the northwesternmost record of an alien goby recorded in the Mediterranean Sea. The present record confirms the presence of C. boleosoma in the Mediterranean Sea, recently reported only by the DNA barcoding of larvae collected in the mesopelagic depths of the Levant Sea. The present record of adult individuals, including ripe females, indicates an established population present in shallow estuarine waters matching the species’ native habitat conditions. The morphology and coloration of Mediterranean C. boleosoma are described and discussed. A detailed description of the cephalic lateral-line system of C. boleosoma is given for the first time. Ten species of the Mediterranean alien gobies are most likely Lessepsian migrants. Three gobiid aliens are Indo-Pacific gobies not present in the Red Sea and probably introduced by shipping. The alien gobies include only one Atlantic species and the Eastern Atlantic ingression component is lacking compared to the other alien fishes in the Mediterranean Sea. Indo-Pacific gobies have been quite successful in the colonization in Mediterranean and in the establishment of the Levant populations. However, contrary to other alien fishes, gobies show limited distribution across the Mediterranean Sea, with almost all alien gobies still being restricted to the Levant.

A 60-year-old patient came to the IIER due to abdominal pain for 2 days, associated with flu with cough. The patient treated schistosomiasis twice without effects. During physical examination and complementary exams, she presented ecchymosis in the midline of the abdomen, normal platelet level, giant hematoma in the rectus abdominais muscle without periportal changes. A careful retrospective analysis shows inconsistency between the initial platelet levels and the severe progression of the clinical. The investigation and confirmation of thrombocytopenia is very important, and some medical center recommend manual counting through blood smears. Prospective studies are needed to know how platelet measurements should be performed in schistosomiasis.

Aims The proximal tibia (PT) is the anatomical site most frequently affected by primary bone tumours after the distal femur. Reconstruction of the PT remains challenging because of the poor soft-tissue cover and the need to reconstruct the extensor mechanism. Reconstructive techniques include implantation of massive endoprosthesis (megaprosthesis), osteoarticular allografts (OAs), or allograft-prosthesis composites (APCs). Methods This was a retrospective analysis of clinical data relating to patients who underwent proximal tibial arthroplasty in our regional bone tumour centre from 2010 to 2018. Results A total of 76 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Mean age at surgery was 43.2 years (12 to 86 (SD 21)). The mean follow-up period was 60.1 months (5.4 to 353). In total 21 failures were identified, giving an overall failure rate of 27.6%. Prosthesis survival at five years was 75.5%, and at ten years was 59%. At last follow-up, mean knee flexion was 89.8° (SD 36°) with a mean extensor lag of 18.1° (SD 24°). In univariate analysis, factors associated with better survival of the prosthesis were a malignant or metastatic cancer diagnosis (versus benign), with a five- and ten-year survival of 78.9% and 65.7% versus 37.5% (p = 0.045), while in-hospital length of stay longer than nine days was also associated with better prognosis with five- and ten-year survival rates at 84% and 84% versus 60% and 16% (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, only in-hospital length of stay was associated with longer survival (hazard ratio (HR) 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08 to 0.66). Conclusion We have shown that proximal tibial arthroplasty with endoprosthesis is a safe and reliable method for reconstruction in patients treated for orthopaedic oncological conditions. Either modular or custom implants in this series performed well. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(9):733–740.

A new scientific and artistic collaboration project aims to develop and produce seven tangible prototypes responding to complex contemporary scenarios. The projec fosters transdisciplinary collaborations and new encounters between sciences and the arts.

This study aimed to (1) compare the oncological results of patients who underwent re-excision after unplanned excision with those who underwent planned excision and (2) analyze the impact of local recurrences on oncological outcomes.Patients with soft tissue sarcoma who had been treated in our center between 2000 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups: Group PE (Planned excision; n=345) and group UE (Unplanned excision; n=145). Two groups were compared in terms of local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), metastasis-free survival (MFS), and overall survival (OS). Local recurrences effects over MFS and OS were also analyzed.There were 26 (17.9%) local recurrences in the UE group and 30 (8.7%) local recurrences in the PE group (P=0.005). There was no difference in MFS and OS between study groups (P=0.278 and P=0.848, respectively). Five years MFS rates of UE and PE groups were 76.4% and 73.6%, and five-year OS rates of UE and PE groups were 70.3% and 73.9%, respectively (P=0.417, P=0.656). Patients with local recurrence had a 1.96 times higher risk of metastasis than patients without local recurrence (P=0.008). Patients with local recurrence had 1.65 times higher risk of mortality than patients without local recurrence (P=0.047).Although local recurrence is much more common in the UE group, this outcome does not seem to affect MFS or OS. These results indicate that similar outcomes can be achieved if UE patients are referred and appropriately treated with wide re-resections.Level III, Therapeutic Study.

Aim: To investigate the effect of incorporating bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate (BMP) lipid into a lipid nanoparticle and the functional transport of mRNA by the formulated nanoparticles in vivo. Materials & methods: The nanoparticles were prepared from ionizable lipid, 1,2-distearoyl- sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine, cholesterol, 1,2-dimyristoyl- sn-glycerol PEG 2000, BMP and formulated mRNA encoding human erythropoietin. We measured the effect of BMP on physicochemical properties and impact on functional efficacy to transport mRNA to its target cells/tissue as measured by protein expression both in vitro and in vivo. Results: Lipid nanoparticles composed of BMP displayed increased endosomal membrane fusion and improved mRNA delivery to the cytosol. Conclusion: The results establish the foundation for future development of these nanoparticulated entities by designing new BMP derivatives and correlating structures to enhanced pharmacokinetic profiles.

Human Factor (HF) monitoring under the critical CBRN environment reduces the likelihood of errors or injuries by first responders who carry out operations within an unknown workspace. Indeed, thanks to the monitoring, analysis and assessment of physical and mental workload and manual handling of equipements by first responders, it is possible to increase safety, efficiency and effectiveness. The IoT and Edge computing, contextualizing the collected data, promises to enhance the CBRN situational awareness by working on the HFs aspects with a view to context-aware reasoning. IoT and edge computing enabling technologies envisage operators needs and behaviours by gathering information about biophysiological conditions, emotional state and operational data by first responders.This study aims to introduce the edge computer for data fusion in tactical networks and computational services, fully integrated in IoT solutions of remote monitoring of HFs. These latter, related to Human Performance and health of responders, may prove useful as innovative tools in CBRN incident management.

The present article shall analyse how organizations can activate stakeholder participation processes. Specifically, this article examines select participatory projects that were identified, developed and implemented within a network of Italian social cooperatives focusing on work integration. An area, therefore, in which worker participation is geared at pursuing explicit social objectives whilst enhancing innovative capacity, thus improving overall competitiveness and economic sustainability. Within this context, the paper focuses in particular on the organizational processes and schemes that promote stakeholder empowerment and active involvement, beyond the existence of formal governance structures and management bodies. The paper is structured in two parts. The first draws from the literature to analyse the importance of participation within companies, focusing on social enterprises, and discusses the structural and procedural features of inclusive governance. The second part examines the experience of the CAUTO network of social cooperatives in Italy and its participatory practices, paying particular attention to the key features of the organizational context in which they arose, the project structure that characterized them, and their replicability in other contexts.

IntroductionToday, alternative strategies based on the use of bioactive compounds have been proposed to reduce mycotoxin contamination and limit the use of chemical fungicides.MethodsIn the present work, several by-products collected from the agri-food chain (i.e., red and white grape marc, red grapevine leaves, grape seeds and stalks, pear, apple, green beans, tomato, and spent hops) were subjected to green extraction protocols (i.e., steam distillation, Ultrasound-Assisted, and Naviglio® extraction) to obtain extracts rich in polyphenols and terpenes. Each extract was assessed in vitro for its ability to inhibit the development of the main mycotoxigenic species and related mycotoxins.Results and DiscussionAspergillus flavus and A. carbonarius were significantly reduced by pear (from −45 to −47%) and grape marc (from −21 to −51%) extracts, while F. graminearum was shown to be highly influenced by grape stalk, pear, and grape marc extracts (−24% on average). On the contrary, F. verticillioides was inhibited only by pear (−18%) and to a very low and negligible extent by apple (−1%) and green beans (−3%). Regarding the reduction of mycotoxins, the extracts were able to inhibit OTA from 2 to 57%, AFB1 from 5 to 75%, and DON from 14 to 72%. The highest percentages of reduction were obtained against FBs (from 11 to 94%), ZEN (from 17 to 100%), and Alternaria toxins (from 7 to 96%). In conclusion, this work provided promising results for the production of bioactive extracts obtained from agri-food by-products, which could be exploited as potential biofungicides against the development of mycotoxigenic fungi and related mycotoxins.

Bittium nanum (Mayer, 1864) Plate 2 A 1 -A 2 * Cerithiopsis nana Mayer 1864: 66: 6, fig. 46 (in text fig. 49; lapsus). Cerithiopsis scabra Olivi — Mayer 1864: 67 [non Murex scaber Olivi, 1792, = Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)]. Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)— Dautzenberg 1889: 41. Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)— Morton et al. 1998: 64, 88-89, 97. Bittium cf. latreillii (Payraudeau, 1826) — Martins et al. 2009: 58, figs. 33-34 [non Bittium latreillii (Payraudeau, 1826)]. Bittium nanum (Mayer, 1864) — Moreno 2011: 61, figs. 1-32. Type material. Single specimen height 5.0 mm, width 2.0 mm, Praia and Prainha (Pleistocene localities), Santa Maria Island, Azores; whereabouts unknown (Beu 2017:165). Santa Maria material examined. Maximum height 4.9 mm, width 2.0 mm. DBUA-F 1296-2 (1), Malbusca, Santa Maria Island, Azores, Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene. Original description. “ Obwohl dieses kleine Ding wahrscheinlich quartär ist und also wohl auch lebend vorkömmt, so muss ich es doch als neu ansehen, indem nicht gelungen ist, trotz Nachfragen bei den Herrn Deshayes und Hoernes und gelegentlichem Nachsehen in Reeve, ein benanntes Analogon dafür zu finden. Oberflächlich betrachtet, sieht dieses Schneckchen der Cerithiopis scabra ähnlich; allein bei genauer Prüfung entdeckt man, dass sein Bau bedeutend von dem der genannten Art abweicht. Eine viel grössere Aehnlichkeit besitzt die Species mit Cerithium lignitarum: es ist fast ein Miniaturbild davon; doch fehlt ihr unter Anderem der Columellarzahn. Von C. tubercularis und Verwandten scheidet sie das ganz verschiedene, sehr enge Körnernetz. Es ist nicht zu bezweifeln, dass diese organische Form ausgewachsen und zwerghaft sei; die Menge der gleich grossen Stücke, welche der Tuff von Praia und Prainha, in Gesellschaft von fast lauter kleinen Arten birgt spricht entschieden daf̧r [Although this little thing is probably Quaternary and therefore is probably also extant, I nevertheless have to consider it new, in that it has not been possible to find a named analogue for it, despite inquiries with Mr. Deshayes and Hoernes and occasional look in Reeve. Generally, this snail looks similar to Cerithiopis [sic] scabra; however, close examination reveals that its construction differs significantly from that of the mentioned species. The species has a much greater similarity with Cerithium lignitarum: it is almost a miniature version of it; but it lacks, among other things, the columellar tooth. From C. tubercularis and relatives it is separated in the very different, very narrow granular network. There is no doubt that this organic form is fully grown and dwarf-like; the number of specimens of the same size, from the tuff of Praia and Prainha, in the assemblage with almost all small sizes, speaks decisively for it]” (Mayer 1864: 66). Latin description. “ Testa minuta, turrito-conica, turgidula, solidula interdum varicosa; anfractibus 7, applanatis, sutura profunda separatis, primis serie 2, ultimis series 4 granulorum transversas exhibentus; granis majuscolis, densis in serie longitudinali recta dispositis; apertura subquadrata, in canalem brevem exenute; labio simplici ” (Mayer 1864: 66). Revised description. Shell small, turriculate, with tall, moderately slender spire. Protoconch and earliest whorls missing. Five weakly convex teleoconch whorls preserved with periphery at abapical cord, just above suture. Suture weakly impressed. Sculpture on penultimate whorl of about 14 low ribs and five cords forming small, rounded tubercles at sculptural intersection. Last whorl weakly convex, moderately constricted at base, bearing six tuberculose cords above the level of the aperture, single varix placed just above outer lip; base slightly concave, delimited by double smooth peribasal cords bearing five further smooth cords medially. Aperture ovate, outer lip thin, convex, ending in short siphonal canal. Columella slightly thickened, almost rectilinear. Columellar callus narrow, poorly developed. Discussion. We have interpreted this specimen to represent Cerithiopsis nana Mayer, 1864. The wide apical angle and the strongly tubercular sculpture agree with the rather schematic picture given by Mayer (1864: pl. 6, fig. 46). The presence of a varix on the last whorl and cords over the base suggest that this is a Bittium Gray, 1847, rather than a member of the Cerithiopsidae. The type material was collected from the deposits of Praia and Prainha which are Pleistocene in age. Mayer (1864: 67) misidentify specimens from the Pliocene locality of Feteirinhas (= Ponta das Salinas) as Cerithiopsis scabra (Olivi, 1792) [= Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)]. We confirm its presence in the Lower Pliocene assemblages of Santa Maria and add the locality of Malbusca. Moreno (2011) recognized the species as occurring in the extant Azorean faunas and it is one of the most abundant components of the rocky shore environments (Costa & Ávila 2001). The species was confused by numerous authors with similar congeners such as B. reticulatum (da Costa, 1778) (Mac Andrew 1856; Dautzenberg 1889; Nobre 1924, 1930; Azevedo 1990, 1991; Azevedo & Gofas 1990; Bullock et al. 1990; Morton 1990; Bullock 1995; Morton & Britton 1995; Ávila et al. 1997, 1998, 2000; Morton et al. 1998) or B. latreillii (Payraudeau, 1826) (Martins et al. 2009). European Bittium species are in some cases difficult to separate in the absence of the protoconch, which is missing in the Azorean fossil material. The specimen at hand is characterized by relatively flat whorls, weakly impressed suture, finely beaded sculpture with six rows of beads on the penultimate and last whorls above the aperture, and the base delimited by a double peribasal cords plus five further weaker smooth cords entirely covering the base. This species is most similar to the extant Bittium latreillii. The Azorean species seems to have a wider apical angle, the number of ribs and cords is similar, but the cords are more closely spaced and develop strong tubercles on all the cords whereas in B. latreillii the beading weakens from the adapical cord downwards. Bittium lacteum (Philippi, 1836) also has strongly beaded cords but it is immediately separated by having fewer cords on the whorls and on the base. Bittium incile Watson, 1897, reported from to Madeira, Selvagens, Canary Islands and the Mediterranean, differs in having only three or occasionally four spiral rows of tubercles (Verduin 1976: 114). Bittium depauperatum Watson, 1897, was described as endemic from Madeira and was later found also in the Canary Islands (Hernández et al. 2011). Bittium reticulatum differs in only having four spiral cords of which the first and second are more closely spaced than the third and fourth and has numerous varices distributed over all the teleoconch whorls. Based on the scant material available, we provisionally accept this taxon as valid. Mayer (1864: 66) considered the specimen available to him to be Quaternary. A specimen from the DBUA-F collection is labelled as coming from Lower Pliocene strata, and at Malbusca only Pliocene deposits occur. We tentatively include the specimen herein although we remain uncertain if the specimen is Pliocene or Pleistocene, and Bittium nanum may have been endemic in the Azores since at least lower Pliocene times and is still present and an abundant component of rocky shore habitats. Distribution. Lower Pliocene:?Atlantic, Santa Maria Island, Azores (Bronn in Reiss 1862; Mayer 1864). Present-day: Azores (Moreno 2011; Cordeiro et al. 2015)., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on pages 33-34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Mayer, K. (1864). Die Tertiar-fauna der Azoren und Madeiren. Zurich, published by the author. Z ¸ rich: vi + 107 pp. + 7 pls.","Olivi, G. (1792) Zoologia Adriatica, ossia catalogo ragionato degli animali del golfo e delle lagune di Venezia; preceduto da una dissertazione sulla storia fisica e naturale del golfo; e accompagnato da memorie, ed osservazioni di fisica storia naturale ed economia. Remondini F. L. G., Bassano, 334 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 60887","Costa, E. M. da (1778) Historia naturalis testaceorum Britanniae. Millan, White, Elmsley & Robson, London, XII + 254 + VIII pp.","Dautzenberg, P. (1889) Contribution a`la faune malacologique des Iles Ac ¸ ores. Re´sultats des dragages effectue´s par le yacht l' Hirondelle pendant sa campagne scientifique de 1887. Re´vision des mollusques marins des Ac ¸ ores. Re´sultats des Campagnes Scientifiques du Prince de Monaco, 1, 1 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13198","Morton, B., Britton, J. C. & de Frias Martins, A. M. (1998) Ecologia Costeira dos Acores. Sociedade Afonso Chaves, Ponta Delgada, Acores, x + 249 pp.","Payraudeau, B. C. (1826) Catalogue descriptif et Methodique des annelides et des mollusques de l'i ˆ le de Corse. s. n., Paris, 218 pp.","Martins, A. M. F. de, Borges, J. P., Aivila, S. P., Costa, A. C., Madeira, P. & Morton, B. (2009) Illustrated checklist of the infralittoral molluscs off Vila Franca do Campo. Ac ¸ oreana, 6, 15 - 103.","Moreno, D. (2011) Bittium nanum (Gastropoda, Cerithiidae), una especie valida de las islas Azores. Iberus, 29, 59 - 74.","Beu, A. G. (2017) Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae). Records of the Australian Museum, 69, 119 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 2201 - 4349.69.2017.1666","Costa, A. C. & Avila, S. P. (2001) Macrobenthic mollusc fauna inhabiting Halopteris spp. subtidal fronds in S \" o Miguel Island, Azores. Scientia Marina, 65 (2), 117 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2001.65 n 2117","Mac Andrew, R. (1856) Report on the marine testaceous Mollusca of the North-East Atlantic and neighbouring Seas and the physical conditions affecting their development. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, London, 158 pp.","Nobre, A. (1924) Contribuicies para a fauna dos Acores. Anais do Instituto de Zoologia da Universidade do Porto, 1, 41 - 90.","Nobre, A. (1930) Materiais para o estudo da fauna dos Acores. Instituto de Zoologia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, 108 pp.","Azevedo, J. M. N. & Gofas, S. (1990) Moluscos marinhos litorais da ilha das Flores. Expedic \" o Cientifica Flores 1989 (Relatorio Preliminar). Relatorios e Comunicacles do Departamento de Biologia da Universidade dos Acores, 18, 83 - 87.","Bullock, R. C., Turner, R. D. & Fralick, A. (1990) Species richness and diversity of algal - associated micromolluscan communities from S \" o Miguel, Acores. Acoreana, 2, 39 - 58.","Morton, B. (1990) The intertidal ecology of ilheu de Vila Franca - a drowned volcanic crater in the Azores. Acoreana, 2, 3 - 20.","Bullock, R. C. (1995) The distribution of the molluscan fauna associated with the intertidal coralline algal turf of a partially submerged volcanic crater, the Ilheu de Vila Franca, S \" o Miguel, Azores. Acoreana, 4, 9 - 55.","Morton, B. & Britton, J. C. (1995) Partitioning of shell resources by Aspydosiphon muelleri (Sipuncula) and Anapagurus laevis (Crustacea) in the Azores. Acoreana, 4, 65 - 77.","Avila, S. P. & Azevedo, J. M. N. (1997) Shallow-water molluscs from the Formigas islets, Azores, collected during the \" Santa Maria e Formigas 1990 \" scientific expedition. Acoreana, 8 (3), 323 - 330.","Philippi, R. A. (1836) Enumeratio molluscorum siciliae cum viventium tum in tellure tertiaria fossilium quae in itinere suo observavit auctor. Schropp, Berlin, XIV + 268 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 100735","Watson, R. B. (1897) On the marine Mollusca of Madeira. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 26, 233 - 327. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1897. tb 00033. x","Verduin, A. (1976) On characters, variability, and distribution of the European marine gastropods Bittium latreilii (Payraudeau) and Bittium lacteum (Philippi). Basteria, 40, 133 - 142.","Reiss, W. (1862) Mittheilungen u ¨ ber die tertia ¨ ren Schichten von Santa Maria, der su ¨ dlichsten der Azoren, und ihre organischen Einschlu ¨ sse. Nebst Beschreibung dieser letzten und Abbildung der neuen Arten, von H. G. Bronn. Neues Jahrbuch fu ¨ r Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefactunkunde, 1862, 1 - 48."]}

Genus Clathrella Récluz, 1864 Type species. Nerita costata Brocchi, 1814 (= Fossarus clathratus Philippi, 1844) (Reìcluz 1864: 251), by monotypy. Pliocene, Italy., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on page 97, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Brocchi, G. (1814) s. n. In: Conchiologia fossile subapennina, con osservazioni geologiche sugli Apennini e sul suolo adiacente. Vols. 1 - 2. Stamperia Reale, Milano, pp. 1 - 240 & 241 - 712, 16 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11569","Philippi, R. A. (1844) Enumeratio molluscorum siciliae cum viventium tum in tellure tertiaria fossilium, volumen secundum. Anton, E., Halis Saxonum, 303 pp.","Reicluz, M. C. (1864) Observations sur le genre Fossar (Fossarus). Journal de Conchyliologie, 12, 247 - 251."]}

Erato mayeri nov. sp. Plate 3 H 1 -H 3, I 1 -I 3 Erato laevis Gray —Bronn in Reiss 1862: 25. Erato laevis Donovan — Mayer 1864: 81. Type material. Holotype DBUA-F 1189 -C1, height 7.7 mm, width 5.3 mm (Plate 3 H 1 -H 3), Pedra-que-pica; paratype DBUA-F 1291-1, height 8.9 mm, width 6.0 mm (Plate 3 I 1 -I 3), Ponta dos Frades. Santa Maria Island, Azores. Other material. Maximum height 8.9 mm, width 6.0 mm. DBUA-F 830- A (1), DBUA-F 1292-C (2), Ponta dos Frades; DBUA-F 469 (1), DBUA-F 1058-C (1), DBUA-F 471-G (2), Ponta do Castelo; DBUA-F 1189-C2 (1), Pedra-que-pica, Santa Maria Island, Azores, Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene. Type locality. Pedra-que-pica, Santa Maria Island, Azores. Type stratum. Touril Complex. Age. Lower Pliocene, Zanclean Etymology. Named after Karl David Wilhelm Mayer-Eymar (1826–1907), Franco-Swiss palaeontologist and geologist, in recognition of his pioneering work on the Santa Maria fossil assemblages. Erato gender feminine. Diagnosis. Erato species of medium size for genus, solid, without pustules or dorsal sulcus, greatly thickened outer lip with finely denticulate inner edge, two terminal folds. Description. Shell medium sized for genus, solid, pyriform. Protoconch and spire whorls covered by callus, spire short. Last whorl greatly inflated, moderately constricted at anterior terminal. Dorsum smooth, rounded, without dorsal sulcus. Aperture about 90% of total height, straight and narrow. Outer lip greatly thickened; smooth, inner edge finely denticulated. Columella almost straight, inner edge obscured by matrix, two terminal folds variably developed. Discussion. Erato mayeri nov. sp. is represented by several relatively well-preserved individuals in the Santa Maria Lower Pliocene assemblages. The outer lip is invariably greatly thickened and the inner labial teeth very fine. There are two folds in the terminal area strongly (Fig. 3 H 1) to weakly (Fig. 3 I 1) developed. The NE Atlantic and Mediterranean Erato voluta Montagu, 1803 differs in being higher spired, having stronger outer lip denticles and a single terminal fold. The Azorean species is most like E. prayensis Rochebrune, 1882, reported from present-day Cabo Verde and northwestern Africa, with which it shares a low spire, fine denticulation and bearing two folds at the terminal end of the columella. However, the shells of the extant West African species are characterised by surface pustules placed around the spire and subsutural area. None of the Santa Maria specimens have pustules. The Pliocene Mediterranean Erato species were reviewed by Fehse & Landau (2002). Of these, the Azorean species is most similar in profile to Erato subalata Sacco, 1894, but in that species the adapical portion of the outer lip is somewhat alate and it has strong apertural dentition that covers the inner half of the outer lip and the abapical portion of columella. Erato pieris De Stefani & Pantanelli, 1879, is larger shelled and again has stronger apertural dentition. In having weak apertural dentition, the Azorean species is most like E. elongata Seguenza, 1880, but that species is more elongate, has a narrower outer lip, and especially the anterior terminal is more produced. Erato pernana Sacco, 1894, like the Azorean species, has a bifid terminal fold but is smaller and stockier. The diversity of Erato in the European Pliocene was much greater than it is today, with different species present along the European Eastern Atlantic Frontage (see Van Dingenen et al. 2016) at the level of NW France (subtropical Pliocene French-Iberian palaeobiogeographic Province) and the Mediterranean (tropical Pliocene Mediterranean-West African Province) (Fehse & Landau 2002). All these species disappeared sometime between the mid-Pliocene cooling event and the Pleistocene, leaving only E. voluta, along the European Atlantic coast, Madeira, Canary Islands, and into the Mediterranean (Hernández et al. 2011: 158), and E. prayensis in Cabo Verde and NW Africa. Distribution. Lower Pliocene: Atlantic, Santa Maria Island, Azores (Bronn in Reiss, 1862; Mayer, 1864)., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on pages 54-55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Reiss, W. (1862) Mittheilungen u ¨ ber die tertia ¨ ren Schichten von Santa Maria, der su ¨ dlichsten der Azoren, und ihre organischen Einschlu ¨ sse. Nebst Beschreibung dieser letzten und Abbildung der neuen Arten, von H. G. Bronn. Neues Jahrbuch fu ¨ r Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefactunkunde, 1862, 1 - 48.","Mayer, K. (1864). Die Tertiar-fauna der Azoren und Madeiren. Zurich, published by the author. Z ¸ rich: vi + 107 pp. + 7 pls.","Montagu, G. (1803) Testacea britannica, or natural history of British shells, marine, land and the fresh water, including the most minute: systematically arranged and embellished with figures. Romsey, London, XXXVII + 606 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 33927","Rochebrune, A. T. (1882) Diagnoses d'especes nouvelles pour la faune de l'archipel du Cap-Vert. Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris, Series 7, 6, 24 - 32.","Fehse, D. & Landau, B. (2002) Contributions to eratoid systematics (Mollusca, Gastropoda). 2. Late Miocene Eratoidae from Sceaux-d'Anjou (Loire Basin, France), with descriptions of new taxa. Cainozoic Research, 1, 91 - 110.","Sacco, F. (1894) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 15. Fam. Cypraeidae Gray 1824. Carlo Clausen, Torino, 74 pp., 3 pls.","De Stefani, C. & Pantanelli, D. (1879) Di una nuova Daudebardia italiana. Bullettino della Societa Malacologica Italiana, 5 (1 - 3), 11 - 12.","Seguenza, G. (1880) Le formazioni terziarie nella provincia di Reggio (Calabria). Memorie della Classe di Scienze Fisiche Matematiche e Naturali della Reale Accademia dei Lincei, 6 (1879), 1 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 40049","Van Dingenen, F., Ceulemans, L. & Landau, B. M. (2016) The lower Pliocene gastropods of Le Pigeon Blanc (Loire-Atlantique, northwest France). 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research, 16 (2), 109 - 219."]}

Monoplex comptus (A. Adams, 1855) Plate 4 D 1 -D 2 * Triton comptus A. Adams 1855: 312. Tritonium secans Bronn in Reiss 1862: 28, pl, 1, fig.10. Tritonium secans Bronn — Mayer 1864: 72, pl. 7, fig. 52. Triton ridleyi E. A. Smith 1890: 489, pl. 30, fig. 1. Lampusia gracile (Reeve) — Dall 1889: 227, pl. 29, fig. 2 (non Triton gracilis Reeve, 1844 = Triton pfeifferianus Reeve, 1844). Cymatium comptum (A. Adams, 1855)— Yen 1942: 215, pl. 18, fig. 112. Cymatium (Septa) gemmatum (Reeve, 1844) — Clench & Turner 1957: 222, pl. 110, fig. 2, pl. 113, fig. 6, pl. 125, fig. 1-2 (non Triton gemmatus Reeve, 1844). Cymatium (Septa) vespaceum (Lamarck, 1822) — Warmke & Abbott 1961: 101, pl. 18b (non Triton vespaceum Lamarck, 1822). Cymatium (Septa) vespaceum (Lamarck, 1822) — Kilias 1973: 193, fig. 139 (non Triton vespaceum Lamarck, 1822). Cymatium (Septa) vespaceum (Lamarck, 1822) — Abbott 1974: 163, fig. 1754 (non Triton vespaceum Lamarck, 1822). Cymatium (Septa) vespaceum (Lamarck, 1822) — Rios 1975: 79, pl. 79, fig. 322 (non Triton vespaceum Lamarck, 1822). Cymatium vespaceum (Lamarck, 1822) — Hinton 1978: 30, fig. 9 (non Triton vespaceum Lamarck, 1822). Cymatium (Septa) vespaceum (Lamarck, 1822) — Kay 1979: 223, fig. 79E (not 79F) (non Triton vespaceum Lamarck, 1822). Cymatium (Septa) vespaceum (Lamarck, 1822) — Saunders 1980: 5, upper fig. (non Triton vespaceum Lamarck, 1822). Cymatium (Septa) vespaceum (Lamarck, 1822) — Coelho et al. 1981: 124, fig. 9 (non Triton vespaceum Lamarck, 1822). Cymatium vespaceum (Lamarck, 1822) — Garcia-Talavera 1983: 108, pl. 5, fig. 2 (non Triton vespaceum Lamarck, 1822). Cymatium (Septa) comptum. (A. Adams, 1855)— Rios 1985: 75, pl. 27, fig. 329. Cymatium (Septa) comptum (A. Adams, 1855)— Springsteen & Leobrera 1986: 113, pl. 31, fig. 3a-b. Cymatium (Turritriton) comptum (A. Adams, 1855)— Garcia-Talavera 1987: 253, pl. 2, fig. 5. Cymatium (Turritriton) comptum (A. Adams, 1855)— Lai 1989: 125, fig. 44. Cymatium (Turritriton) comptum (A. Adams, 1855)— Henning & Hemmen 1993: 99, pl. 21, fig. 5. Cymatium (Septa) comptum (A. Adams, 1855)— Rios 1994: 89, pl. 29, fig. 345. Cymatium comptum (A. Adams, 1855)—Kubo, in Kubo & Kurozumi 1995: 75, fig. 9. Cymatium vespaceum (Lamarck, 1822) — Wellens & Wils 1997: 79, fig. 14 (non Triton vespaceum Lamarck, 1822). Cymatium (Monoplex) comptum (A. Adams, 1855)— Beu 1998b: 86, fig. 23i, 26a-k. Cymatium (Monoplex) comptum (A. Adams, 1855)— Beu 1999: 21, fig. 35. Cymatium (Monoplex) comptum (A. Adams, 1855)— Okutani 2000: 287, pl. 142, fig. 11. Cymatium (Turritriton) comptum (A. Adams, 1855)— Redfern 2001: 62, pl. 31, fig. 263A, B, pl. 109, fig. 263C. Cymatium comptum amphiatlanticum (A. Adams, 1855) — Garcia-Talavera & de Vera 2003: 202, fig. 1-5. Cymatium (Monoplex) comptum (A. Adams, 1855)— Zhang & Ma 2004: 147, text-fig. 91. Cymatium (Monoplex) comptum (A. Adams, 1855)—Beu & Segers in Poppe 2008: 644, pl. 267, fig. 1, 3, 4, 7, 8. Monoplex comptus (A. Adams, 1855)— Beu 2010: 149, pl. 36, figs. 10, 14. Cymatium comptum (A. Adams, 1855)—Hernández et al. 2011: 172, fig. 53L. Santa Maria material examined. Maximum height 25.0 mm, width 14 mm. Two fragments from Pinheiros, Santa Maria Island, Azores, Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene. Discussion. Tritonium secans Bronn, 1862 was based on four fragments, two from Pinheiros, one from Feteirinhas (= Ponta das Salinas) and one from Cré. No further material is available, but the figure undoubtedly represents a Monoplex species, which in our opinion is M. comptum (A. Adams, 1855). The specimen illustrated by Bronn in Reiss (1862: pl, 1, fig.10; refigured pl. 4, fig. 4 D 1) and by Mayer (1864: pl. 7, fig. 52; refigured pl. 4, fig. 4 D 2) is undoubtedly the same specimen, but the illustrator has highlighted the primary spiral cords much more strongly in Mayer’s illustration. For full discussion and comparison with related congeners, see Beu (2010: 149). This species and Aspa marginata (Gmelin, 1791) are the two amphiatlantic species present in the Azorean Pliocene assemblages. Distribution. Lower Pliocene: eastern Atlantic, Santa Maria Island, Azores (Bronn in Reiss 1862; Mayer 1864). Lower Pleistocene: eastern Atlantic, Moín formation, Costa Rica. Pleistocene or Holocene: Atlantic, Panama; Red Sea, Egypt (NHMW coll.). Present-day: western Atlantic, Bermuda, Carolinian biogeographic province, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean to Brasil; eastern Atlantic, Canary Islands, Indian Ocean, and Red Sea (all references from Beu 2010)., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on pages 61-62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Adams, A. (1855) Monographs of the genera Eulima, Niso, Leiostraca, Obeliscus, Pyramidella, and Monoptygma. In: Sowerby, G. B. II (Eds.), Thesaurus conchyliorum, or monographs of genera of shells. Vol. 2. Sowerby, G. B., London, pp. 793 - 825.","Reiss, W. (1862) Mittheilungen u ¨ ber die tertia ¨ ren Schichten von Santa Maria, der su ¨ dlichsten der Azoren, und ihre organischen Einschlu ¨ sse. Nebst Beschreibung dieser letzten und Abbildung der neuen Arten, von H. G. Bronn. Neues Jahrbuch fu ¨ r Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefactunkunde, 1862, 1 - 48.","Mayer, K. (1864). Die Tertiar-fauna der Azoren und Madeiren. Zurich, published by the author. Z ¸ rich: vi + 107 pp. + 7 pls.","Smith, E. A. (1890) Report on the marine molluscan fauna of St. Helena. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 18, 247 - 317.","Dall, W. H. (1889) Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877 - 78) and in the Caribbean Sea (1879 - 80), by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer \" Blake \", Lieut. - Commander C. D. Sigsbee, U. S. N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N., commanding, 29: Report on the Mollusca. 2. Gastropoda and Scaphopoda. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoo ¨ logy, 18, 1 - 492.","Yen, T. C. (1942) A review of Chinese gastropods in the British Museum. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 24, 170 - 289.","Clench, W. J. & Turner, R. D. (1957) The family Cymatiidae in the western Atlantic. Johnsonia, 3, 189 - 244.","Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. (1822) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans verte`bres, pre´sentant des characte`res ge´ne´raux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales espe`ces qui s'y rapportent, pre´ce´de´e d'une introduction offrant la de´termination des caracte`res essentiels de l'animal, sa distinction du ve´ge´tal et des autres corps naturels; enfin, l'exposition des principes fondamentaux de la zoologie, 7. Lamarck, Paris, 711 pp.","Warmke, L. G. & Abbott, R. T. (1961) Caribbean seashells. A guide to the marine mollusks of Puerto Rico and other West Indian islands, Bermuda and the lower Florida Keys. Livingston Publishing, Narberth, Pennsylvania, x + 348 pp.","Kilias, R. (1973) Gastropoda / Prosobranchia Cymatiidae. Das Tierreich 92, Berlin Lieferung, 235 pp.","Abbott, R. T. (1974) American Seashells. 2 nd Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, New York, 663 pp., 24 pls.","Rios, E. C. (1975) Brazilian marine mollusks iconography. Fundac ¸ aTo Cidade do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 331 pp.","Hinton, A. (1978) Guide to Shells of Papua New Guinea. Robert Brown and Associates, Port Moresby, 74 pp.","Kay, E. A. (1979) Hawaiian marine shells. Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Section 4. Mollusca. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publications, XVIII + 653 pp.","Saunders, G. D. (1980) A reconciliation of available information on the superfamily Cymatiacea in the waters around Europe, in the Mediterranean Sea, and in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. 1. La Conchiglia, 12 (134 / 135), 3 - 10.","Coelho, A. C. dos Santos, Matthews, H. R. & Leal, J. H. N. (1981) Superfamilia Tonnacea do Brasil. VI - Familia Cymatiidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 56, 111 - 136.","Garcia-Talavera, F. (1983) Los moluscos gasteropodos anfiatlanticos. Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, 365 pp.","Rios, E. C. (1985) Seashells of Brazil. Museu Oceanograifico, Fundac ¸ aTo Universidade do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 328 pp.","Springsteen, F. J. & Leobrera, F. M. (1986) Shells of the Philippines. Carfel Seashell Museum, Manila, 377 pp.","Garcia-Talavera, F. (1987) The family Ranellidae, Gray, 1854 (= Cymatiidac, Iredale. 1913) in the Atlantic, zoogeographical. Considerations. Bolletino Malacologico, 23, 243 - 258.","Lai, K. Y. (1989) The family Cymatiidae of Taiwan. Bulletin of Malacology of the Republic of China, 14, 107 - 128.","Henning, T. & Hemmen, J. (1993) Ranellidae and Personidae of the world. Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 263 pp.","Rios, E. C. (1994) Seashells of Brazil. 2 nd Edition. Museu Oceanografico, Fundacao Universidade do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 368 pp.","Kubo, H. & Kurozumi, T. (1995) Molluscs of Okinawa. Okinawa-shuppan, Okinawa, 263 pp.","Wellens, W. & Wils, E. (1997) Red Sea Mollusca. Part 1. Class: Gastropoda. Family: Ranellidae, Gloria Maris, 35 (6), 74 - 80.","Beu, A. G. (1998 b) Indo-West Pacific Ranellidae, Bursidae and Personidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda). A monograph of the New Caledonian fauna and revisions of related taxa. Reisultats des Campagnes Musorstom, 19. Meimoires du Museium National d'Histoire Naturelle, 178, 1 - 255.","Beu, A. G. (1999) Ranellidae, Bursidae and Personidae (Gastropoda: Tonnoidea) of Yamaguchi Prefecture, western Honshu, Japan. Journal of the Malacozoological Association of Yamaguchi: The Yuriyagai, 7, 1 - 91.","Okutani, T. (2000) Marine mollusks in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 1173 pp.","Redfern, C. (2001) Bahamian Seashells. A Thousand Species from Abaco, Bahamas. Bahamianseashells. com Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, 124 pp.","Garcia-Talavera, F. & De Vera, A. (2003) Description of a new subspecies of Cymatium (Gastropoda, Ranellidae) from the Atlantic Ocean. Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 14 (3 - 4), 201 - 212.","Zhang, S. P. & Ma, X. T. (2004) Fauna Sinica. Invertebrata. Vol. 34. Mollusca, Gastropoda, Tonnacea. Science Press, Beijing, VIII + 243 pp.","Poppe, G. T. (2008) Philippine marine mollusks. Vol. 1. Conchbooks, Hackenheim, 769 pp.","Beu, A. G. (2010) Neogene tonnoidean gastropods of tropical and South America: contributions to the Dominican Republic and Panama Paleontology Projects and uplift of the Central American Isthmus. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 377 - 378, 1 - 550.","Gmelin, J. F. (1791) Caroli a Linnei systema natura per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, disserentis, synonymis, locis etc. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata, cura J. F. Gmelin. 1 (6). Vermes testacea. G. E. Beer, Lipsiae, pp. 3021 - 4120."]}

Xenophora sp. Plate 4 F Xenophora sp. — Ávila et al. 2015b: 67. Xenophora sp. — Dávid et al. 2021: 5. Xenophora sp. — Ávila et al. 2022: 81. Santa Maria material examined. Maximum height 70.0 mm, diameter 147.0 mm. Large internal mould Casa dos Fósseis Museum, Santa Maria (collection Dalberto Pombo). Figueiral; several internal moulds from LNEG collection (unnumbered); several internal moulds seen in situ in Baía de Nossa Senhora, Vinhas do Sul, Santa Maria Island, Azores, Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene. Discussion. Several large internal moulds of Xenophora have been found from several outcrops around Santa Maria. We cannot indicate which species they represent, but the genus is relatively thermophilic, and species with large specimens are associated with fully tropical environments. Distribution. Lower Pliocene: Atlantic, Santa Maria Island, Azores (Ávila et al. 2015 b, 2022; David et al. 2021)., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on page 64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Avila, S. P., Ramalho, R., Habermann, J., Quartau, R., Kroh, A., Berning, B., Johnson, M., Kirby, M., Zanon, V., Titschack, J., Goss, A., Rebelo, A. C., Melo, C., Madeira, P., Cordeiro, R., Meireles, R., Bagaco, L., Hipolito, A., Uchman, A., Da Silva, C. M., Cach \" o, M. & Madeira, J. (2015 b) Palaeoecology, taphonomy, and preservation of a lower Pliocene shell bed (coquina) from a volcanic oceanic island (Santa Maria Island, Azores, NE Atlantic Ocean). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 430, 57 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2015.04.015","David, A., Uchman, A., Ramalho, R. S., Madeira, J., Melo, C., Madeira, P., Rebelo, A. C., Berning, B., Johnson, M. E. & Avila, S. P. (2021) Diverse bioerosion structures in lower Pliocene deposits from a volcanic oceanic island: Baia de Nossa Senhora section, Santa Maria Island, Azores (Central Atlantic Ocean). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 569, 110 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2021.110284","Avila, S. P., Ramalho, R., Silva, C. M. da, Johnson, M. E., Uchman, A., Berning, B., Quartau, R., Madeira, P., Melo, C., Rebelo, A. C., Baptista, L., Arruda, S., Gonzalez, E., Rasser, M. W., Hipolito, A., Cordeiro, R., Meireles, R., Raposo, V., Pombo, J., Camara, R., Kirby, M. X., Titschack, J., Habermann, J. M., Vullo, R., Kroh, A., Lipps, J. H., Cach \" o, M. & Madeira, J. (2022) Os fosseis de Santa Maria (Acores). 2. Pedra-que-pica: uma historia com 5 milhles de anos. Nova Grafica Lda, Observatorio Vulcanologico e Geotermico dos Acores, Lagoa, 160 pp.","Landau, B. M. & Harzhauser, M. (2022) The Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona, southern Spain. Part 14: Clavatulidae (Gastropoda, Conoidea). Cainozoic Research, 22 (1), 45 - 72."]}

Turbo hartungi Bronn, 1861 Plate 1 D 1 -D 5 * Trochus Hartungi Bronn in Hartung 1861: 118, figs. 1 a-c. Trochus Hartungi Br. in Hrtg.—Bronn in Reiss 1862: 32. Turbo Hartungi Bronn — Mayer 1864: 60, pl. 6, fig. 39. Type material. Single specimen height 25.0 mm, width 25.0 mm, Ponta dos Matos, Santa Maria Island, Azores; whereabouts unknown (Beu 2017: 165). Santa Maria material examined. Maximum height 9.0 mm, width 8.0 mm. DBUA-F 1295-1 (1), Malbusca (east cave), Santa Maria Island, Azores, Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene. Original description. “ Eine lose senkrecht durchgespaltene Steinerfüllte Schale ohne Mūndung, von der Form und Grösse unseres Turbo fimbriatus und des Trochus patulus, erstem von unten und letztem von oben ähnlich. Er ist 25 Mm. hoch und breit. Die Oberseite breit kegelförmig, spitz, mit seichter Naht und flachen Windungen. Der Querschnitt der inneren Höhle ist rundlich, etwas quer (in der Zeichnung (b) breiter, weil der Querbruch schief auf die Achse geht). Die Unterseite scheint wenig gewölbt; die Schale in der Nabelgegend sehr dick, theilweise in Folge der Auflagerung einer der oberen und inneren Seite des letzten Umgangs entsprechenden Schalen-Schicht auf die des vorletzten, wodurch auch der Nabel gänzlich verdeckt worden zu sein scheint. Der äussere Umfang der 5-6 Umgänge ist von oben nach unten breit abgerundet; die Höhe der Gewind-Seite verhält sich zu der der Nabel-Seite = 3:2. Letzte zeigt in der Nähe des Nabels eine seichte Spiralfurche, die eine glatte flache Nabel-schwiele einzufassen scheint; darum eine breite glatte und nur fein strahliggestreifte Spiralzone; dann ganz in der Nähe des äusseren Umfangs und auf der gewölbten Aussenfläche selbst 7 an Grösse abwechselnd etwas ungleiche rundliche Spiral-Reife (c), über welche auf der schief abfallenden Oberseite der Windung noch 7–8 andere folgen, die, gleich ihren etwas engeren Zwischen-räumen und gleich jenen vorigen, parallel zur Mündung schief gestreift sind. Nur oben nächst der Naht treten diese Streifen weiter aus einander und werden stärker; so dass die 2—3 obersten Spiral-Reife undeulich werden und ein wellig-knotiges Ansehen bekommen, so dass der Naht-Reif etwa 36 schiefe Knötchen auf der letzten Windung trägt. Der nächst vorhergehende Umgang des Gewindes zeigt unterhalb dieser welligen Spiralzone nur noch 3 einfache Reife [An almost vertically split stone-filled shell without aperture, of the shape and size of our Turbo fimbriatus and the Trochus patulus, similar to the former from below and the latter from above. It is 25 mm in height and width. The upper side broadly cone-shaped, pointed, with shallow suture and flat whorl. The cross-section of the inner cavity is roundish, somewhat transverse (in the drawing (b) wider, because the transverse fracture runs obliquely to the vertical axis). The underside seems to be slightly convex; the shell in the umbilical region is very thick, partly as a result of the accumulation of a shell layer corresponding to the upper and inner side of the last whorl on that of the penultimate one, whereby the umbilicus seems to have been completely covered. The periphery of the 5-6 whorls is broadly rounded throughout from top to bottom; the height of the whorls side relative to the umbilical side [height-width ratio] is = 3:2. The base shows a shallow spiral groove near the umbilicus, which seems to surround a smooth flat umbilical callus; leaving therefore a broad smooth and only finely spirally striate zone; then very close to the curved periphery 7 irregular spirals of alternating strength (c), above which 7-8 further spirals on the shoulder, which are like the previous spirals somewhat narrower than their interspaces and parallel to the aperture and obliquely striated. Only near the suture are the cords stronger and wider spaced; so that the 2-3 uppermost spirals become subobsolete and wavy-nodular, about 36 oblique nodules on the last whorl. The penultimate whorl bears only 3 simple spirals below the wavy spiral adjacent to the suture.]” (Bronn in Hartung 1861: 118). Revised description. Shell small, turbiniform. Protoconch paucispiral, 1.5 flattened whorls. Teleoconch of five whorls, first two whorls flattened to shoulder, shoulder sharply angled, straight below to suture. Shoulder bearing small open spines. Third whorl subsutural ramp becoming increasingly convex, portion below shoulder covered by succeeding whorl. Suture relatively deep, undulating around shoulder spines. Sculpture of rounded cords of slightly irregular strength interrupted by close set strongly prosocline growth lines weakly beading some of the cords, two subsutural cords strongly beaded. Last whorl slightly concave in subsutural area strongly convex mid-whorl, flattened at base, imperforate. Spiral sculpture on last whorl not persisting onto base. Aperture rounded, peristome complete, outer lip simple, columella roundly excavated, columella callus thickened, completely closing umbilicus. Intraspecific variability. Only one specimen is at hand but fits relatively well with the original figure (Bronn in Hartung 1861: figs. 1 a-c). The subsutural row of beads and base devoid of spiral cords is well illustrated (figs. 1 a-c). The whorls in the specimen at hand are possibly slightly more convex than in Bronn’s figures and the base of the outer lip less produced. Discussion. Generic placement in the genus Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 is based on the flattened protoconch and earliest teleoconch whorl with spines produced at the shoulder, similar to that seen in the genus Bolma Risso, 1826, but subsequent whorls are smooth and convex. A detailed molecular phylogeny of the Turbinidae is not yet available. However, the preliminary work by Williams & Ozawa (2006) showed that Turbo, in its widest sense, was not monophyletic. Today Turbo is a tropical Indo-Pacific genus. Neogene Atlantic and European records of Turbo are scarce. Turbo neuvillei Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917 from the Atlantic Lower Miocene Aquitanian of France is, in our opinion, a member of the genus Marmarostoma Swainson, 1829, a genus which still occurs in the Caribbean today. Turbo saltus Olsson, 1922 from the Lower Pleistocene Moin Formation of Caribbean Costa Rica is a Taenioturbo Woodring, 1928 species. In the NHMW coll. (ex. Landau coll.) are specimens of an undescribed species of true Turbo from the Lower Pliocene Gurabo Formation of the Dominican Republic. Today, there are five species of Turbo reported in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico: Turbo angelvaldesi Ortea & Espinosa, 1996 (a species endemic to the Gulf of Mexico); Turbo cailletii P. Fischer & Bernardi, 1857; Turbo canaliculatus Hermann, 1781; Turbo castanea Gmelin, 1791; and Turbo haraldi Robertson, 1957 (endemic from the Caribbean). However, these are all sculptured and may be members of the genus Marmarostoma rather than Turbo. The validity of these genera in the extant species needs to be confirmed by molecular data before we can attempt to apply them to fossil forms. Therefore, if we consider Marmarostoma a synonym of Turbo, it was present in the Caribbean and mid-Atlantic islands in the Lower Pliocene and is still present today in the Caribbean. If Turbo is considered a separate genus from Marmarostoma, then true Turbo was present in the Caribbean and mid-Atlantic islands during the Lower Pliocene but does not occur in the Atlantic today. The presence of Turbo in the Azores suggests tropical water temperatures. Distribution. Lower Pliocene: Atlantic, Santa Maria, Azores (Bronn in Hartung 1861; Bronn in Reiss 1862; Mayer 1864)., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on pages 26-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Reiss, W. (1862) Mittheilungen u ¨ ber die tertia ¨ ren Schichten von Santa Maria, der su ¨ dlichsten der Azoren, und ihre organischen Einschlu ¨ sse. Nebst Beschreibung dieser letzten und Abbildung der neuen Arten, von H. G. Bronn. Neues Jahrbuch fu ¨ r Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefactunkunde, 1862, 1 - 48.","Mayer, K. (1864). Die Tertiar-fauna der Azoren und Madeiren. Zurich, published by the author. Z ¸ rich: vi + 107 pp. + 7 pls.","Beu, A. G. (2017) Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae). Records of the Australian Museum, 69, 119 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 2201 - 4349.69.2017.1666","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Risso, A. (1826) Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe me´ridionale et principalement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes-Maritimes. 4. Mollusques. Levrault, Paris, 439 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58984","Williams, S. T. & Ozawa, T. (2006) Molecular phylogeny suggests polyphyly of both the turban shells (family Turbinidae) and the superfamily Trochoidea (Mollusca: Vetigastropoda). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 39, 33 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2005.12.017","Olsson, A. A. (1922) The Miocene of northern Costa Rica. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 9, 177 - 339.","Woodring, W. P. (1928) Miocene mollusks from Bowden, Jamaica. 2. Gastropods and discussion of results. Carnegie Institution of Washington DC, Washington, 564 pp.","Ortea, J. & Espinosa, J. (1996) Dos especies y on subgenero de prosobranquios (Mollusca: Gastropoda) marinos nuevos del Golfo de Mexico. Avicennia, 4 / 5, 103 - 110.","Fischer, P. & Bernardi, A. C. (1857) Descriptions d'especes nouvelles. Journal de Conchyliologie, 5 (3), 292 - 300, pls. 8 - 9.","Hermann, J. (1781) Erste brief ¸ ber einige Petrefakten anden herausgeben. Der Naturforscher, 16, 50 - 56, pl. 2.","Gmelin, J. F. (1791) Caroli a Linnei systema natura per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, disserentis, synonymis, locis etc. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata, cura J. F. Gmelin. 1 (6). Vermes testacea. G. E. Beer, Lipsiae, pp. 3021 - 4120.","Robertson, R. (1957) The subgenus Halopsephus Rehder, with notes on the western Atlantic species of Turbo and the subfamily Bothropomatinae Thiele. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 47 (9), 316 - 319."]}

Aspa marginata (Gmelin, 1791) Plate 4 C * Buccinum marginatum Gmelin, 1791: 3486. Buccinum marginatum L. — Brocchi 1814: 332, pl. 4, fig. 17. Cassis marginata — Borson 1821: 228, pl. 1, fig. 19. Murex retusus Borson 1821: 59, pl.1, fig. 3. Ranella laevigata Lamarck 1822: 154. Ranella marginata — Brongniart 1823: 65, pl. 6, fig. 7. Eione inflata Risso 1826: 172. Ranella marginata L. — Sassi 1827: 479. Ranella brocchii Bronn 1828: 533 (in synonymy of R. marginata, form α). Ranella marginata Brongniart —de Serres 1829: 114. Ranella marginata L. — Bronn 1831: 31. Murex depressus Grateloup 1833: 97. Ranella laevigata Lam. — Grateloup 1840, pl. 29, figs. 1-3. Buccinum pleurotoma Calcara 1841: 61, pl. 2, fig. 6. Ranella laevigata Lam. — Philippi 1844: 183. Ranella laevigata Lamk. — Michelotti 1847: 254. Ranella marginata Sow. — Sismonda 1847: 39. Ranella marginata Mart. — D’Orbigny 1852: 76. Ranella (Aspa) laevigata Lam. —H. & A. Adams 1853: 106. Ranella marginata Brong. —Ĥrnes 1856: 214, pl. 21, figs. 7-11. Ranella marginata Sow., Brgn., Bast. etc.—Bronn in Reiss 1862: 27. Ranella marginata Martini — Mayer 1864: 73. Ranella marginata Brongn. —Pereira da Costa 1867: 152, pl. 18, figs. 2-3. Ranella laevigata Lamk. — D’Ancona 1872: 176, pl. 8, figs. 3a, b, 4a, b. Ranella (Aspa) marginata (Mart.) — Bellardi 1873: 243. Ranella marginata, Martini — Fontannes 1879: 39, pl. 4, fig. 4. Ranella (Aspa) marginata (Mart.) — Sacco 1904: 40, pl. 11, figs. 13-15. Apollon (Aspa) depressus (Grateloup) —Cossmann & Peyrot 1924: 606, pl. 16, figs. 1-2, pl. 17, figs. 8-9. Apollon (Aspa) marginatus (Mart.) — Montanaro 1935: 82, pl. 7, fig. 4. Apollon (Aspa) marginatus (Mart.) var. depressa Grat. — Montanaro 1935: 83, pl. 7, fig. 5. Ranella marginata Bon. — Friedberg 1951: 123, pl. 7, fig. 1. Bursa (Ranella) marginata (Brocchi) —Erünal-Erentöz 1958: 50, pl. 7, figs. 7, 8. Aspa (Aspa) marginata (Martini 1777) —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 142, pl. 38, figs. 8-9. Gyrineum (Aspa) marginatum (Martini, 1777) — Pelosio 1966: 130, pl. 39, fig. 5. Bursa (Aspa) marginata depressa Grateloup, 1840 — Strausz 1966: 251, pl. 29, figs. 5-6, pl. 63, figs. 14-18. Gyrineum (Aspa) marginata (Martini, 1777) — Palla 1967: 966, pl. 72, fig. 7. Aspa marginata (Martini, 1777) — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 184, pl. 43, figs. 17, 18. Gyrineum (Aspa) marginatum (Martini) — Mastrorilli 1969: 118, pl. 8, fig. 1. Gyrineum sp. — Mastrorilli 1969: 118, pl. 8, fig. 2. Gyrineum (Aspa) marginata (Martini, 1777) — Caprotti 1970: 172, pl. 6, fig. 8. Gyrineum (Aspa) marginatum (Martini) f. depressa (Grateloup) — Marasti 1973: 91, pl. 20, fig. 9. Gyrineum (Aspa) marginata (Gmelin, 1790) — Malatesta 1974: 273, pl. 23, fig. 6. Apollon (Aspa) marginatus (Martini) — Fekih 1975: 120, pl. 37, fig. 5. Gyrineum (Aspa) marginata (Martini, 1777) — Martinell 1979: 144, pl. 5, figs. 3-4. Gyrineum (Aspa) marginata (Martini, 1777) —González Delgado 1988: 140, pl. 5, figs. 12-13. Aspa marginata (Gmelin, 1791) — Poppe & Goto 1991: 132, pl. 24, figs. 4-5. Bufonaria (Aspa) marginata (Gmelin, 1791) — Robinson 1991: 340, pl. 14, figs. 11-12. Bufonaria (Aspa) marginata (Gmelin, 1791) — Cavallo & Repetto 1992: 76, fig. 147. Gyrineum (Aspa) marginata (Martini, 1777) — Ba&lstrok;uk 1995: 210, pl. 18, figs. 6-7. Bufonaria (Aspa) marginata (Gmelin, 1791) — Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. 1997: 242, figs. 905-906. Bufonaria marginata (Martini, 1777) — Solsona 1998: 332, pl. 24, fig. 1. Bufonaria (Aspa) marginata (Gmelin, 1791) — Landau et al. 2004b: 69, pl. 5, figs. 6, 7, pl. 10, fig. 2. Bufonaria marginata (Gmelin, 1791) —Rolán 2005: 99, pl. 30, figs. 433-434. Bufonaria marginata (Gmelin in Linné, 1791)—Chirli 2008: 105, pl. 38, figs. 5-16. Aspa marginata (Gmelin, 1791) — Landau et al. 2009: 78, pl. 9, figs. 1, 2. Aspa marginata (Gmelin, 1791) — Sosso & Dell’Angelo 2010: 27, 36, unnumbered figure bottom centre. Aspa marginata (Gmelin, 1791) — Landau et al. 2011: 19, pl. 8, figs. 7, 8. Bufonaria marginata (Gmelin, 1791) —Hernández et al. 2011: 512, figs. 56 M-O. Aspa marginata (Gmelin, 1791) — Landau et al. 2013: 131, pl. 19, fig. 9. Bursa scrobilator (Linnaeus, 1758) — Kovács & Vicián 2017: 93, figs. 46-47. Aspa marginata (Gmelin, 1791) — Boschele et al. 2021: 21, pl. 13, fig. 3, pl. 14, fig. 31. Aspa marginata (Gmelin, 1791) — Brunetti 2022, p. 38, fig. 49. Santa Maria material examined. Maximum height 28.0 mm, width 20.0 mm. DBUA-F 946-1 (1), DBUA-F 1428- 1 (1), DBUA-F 1428- A (1), Ponta dos Cedros; DBUA-F 1283-C (1), Ponta do Castelo; DBUA-F 165-3 (1), Baía da Cré, Santa Maria, Azores, Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene. Description. “Shell medium-sized, very solid, ovate, dorsoventrally compressed, with very short spire and globose last whorl. Protoconch dome-shaped, of 3-3.5 smooth convex whorls, diameter 2700 µm, height 1910-1850 µm, with a medium-sized nucleus, diameter 380 µm, diameter first whorl 640 µm. Junction with teleoconch sharply delimited, prosocline. Teleoconch of four depressed whorls, with periphery at abaxial suture on spire whorls; suture impressed, irregular or slightly undulating. First half teleoconch whorl convex, with sculpture of five rounded spiral cords and 12-14 prosocline rounded axial ribs; small-rounded tubercles formed at the sculptural intersections. First varix after first half teleoconch whorl. Intermediate whorls flat-sided, sculpture weakening abapically; cords more numerous than on early whorls, alternating in strength on most specimens, axial ribs subobsolete. Most abapical primary cord becomes slightly stronger, forming weak carina, bearing a row of small tubercles. Sculpture weakens further on last few whorls, cords becoming flattened, carina and tubercles disappearing. Varices present down entire teleoconch at intervals of 180º, aligned to form two ridges up opposing side of shell. Last whorl globose, approximately 80% of total height, regularly convex in profile, apertural side somewhat depressed, dorsal side slightly gibbous. Sculpture of flattened spiral cords, irregular or alternate in strength, separated by finely incised grooves. In many specimens sculpture absent from last whorl, surface completely smooth. Aperture elongate-ovate, about 70% total height, weakly convex, slightly flared abapically. Outer lip thickened by poorly delimited labial varix, bearing five to six groups of denticles within, each group consisting of two to four denticles. Anal canal very long, straight and narrow. Siphonal canal short, relatively narrow, abaxially recurved. Centre of columella deeply concave, bearing one broad parietal ridge delimiting medial border of anal canal, irregular ridges below and three to four denticles on abapical portion. Parietal callus strongly thickened, forming prominent parietal pad. Columellar callus thickened, closely adherent, expanded over abapical half of base. Siphonal fasciole very short, strongly abapically recurved, bearing four to five narrow flattened cords.” (Landau et al. 2004b: 70). Discussion. Landau et al. (2004b: 70) considered the mid Miocene to present-day populations to represent a single species, Aspa marginata (Gmelin, 1791), forming part of an evolutionary lineage with Aspa subgranulata (d’Orbigny, 1852) ancestral to it. The Lower Miocene A. subgranulata has a relatively tall, pointed spire with tubercles on the spire whorls, whereas Pliocene Mediterranean forms have a smooth depressed spire. Middle Miocene specimens examined (Paratethys, eastern Proto-Mediterranean; NHMW coll.) have intermediate spire characters. The Azores specimen is low-spired, typical of the Pliocene form. Since Miocene times, this species has suffered a range contraction due to cooling events and today is found off the coast of West Africa from Morocco to Angola. It is also reported from Madeira, Canaries and Cabo Verde archipelagos. This species is also of note as it was recorded by Robinson (1991:340, pl. 14, figs. 11-12) from the Lower Pleistocene of Costa Rica. This and Monoplex comptus (A. Adams, 1855) are the two Plio/Pleistocene amphiatlantic species present in Azorean Pliocene assemblages. Distribution. Lower Miocene: Paratethys (Burdigalian): Hungary (Steininger 1973; Harzhauser 2004a); Proto-Mediterranean (Burdigalian): Colli Torinesi, Italy (Bellardi 1873). Middle Miocene: Paratethys (Langhian-Serravallian): Vienna Basin, Austria (Hörnes 1853; Glibert 1963; Schultz 1998; Landau et al. 2009a), Poland (Friedberg 1912; Ba&lstrok;uk 1995; Ba&lstrok;uk & Radwanski 1996), Bulgaria (Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960), Hungary (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954; Strausz 1966; Kovács & Vicián 2017), Bosnia (Atanackoviìc 1985), Romania (Hoernes & Auinger 1884; Boettger 1906), Ukraine (Zelinskaya et al. 1968). Proto-Mediterranean Sea (Serravallian): Karaman Basin, Turkey (Erünal-Erentöz 1958). Upper Miocene: Atlantic (Tortonian): Cacela Basin, Portugal (Pereira da Costa 1867), France (Cossmann & Peyrot 1924), Seville, southwestern Spain (Cárdenas et al. 2019); Proto-Mediterranean (Tortonian): Po Basin, Italy (Bellardi 1873; Montanaro 1935; Glibert 1963 a; Marasti 1973; Boschele et al. 2021). Lower Pliocene: Atlantic, Santa Maria Island, Azores (Bronn in Reiss 1862; Mayer 1864), Guadalquivir Basin, Spain (González Delgado 1988; Landau et al. 2011; Brunetti 2022); western Mediterranean, NE Spain, (Martinell 1979; Solsona 1998), Rousillon Basin, France (Fontannes 1879; Glibert 1963 a; Chirli & Richard 2008), Morocco (Lecointre 1952); central Mediterranean, Italy (Bellardi 1873; Pelosio 1967; Caprotti 1974; Malatesta 1974; Cavallo & Repetto 1992; Chirli 2008; Sosso & Dell’Angelo 2010), Tunisia (Fekih 1975). Upper Pliocene: western Mediterranean, Estepona Basin (Landau et al. 2004b), central Mediterranean, Italy (Bellardi 1873; Glibert 1963 a; Palla 1967; Caprotti 1970; Malatesta 1974), Sicily (Glibert 1963 a), Algeria (Glibert 1963 a). Lower Pleistocene: Caribbean, Moin Formation, Costa Rica (Robinson 1991; Beu 2010). Present-day: West Africa, Morocco to Angola, Madeira; occasionally in the Canaries (Hernández et al. 2011) and Cabo Verde, at depths 6-60 m (Poppe & Goto 1991)., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on pages 59-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Gmelin, J. F. (1791) Caroli a Linnei systema natura per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, disserentis, synonymis, locis etc. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata, cura J. F. Gmelin. 1 (6). Vermes testacea. G. E. Beer, Lipsiae, pp. 3021 - 4120.","Brocchi, G. (1814) s. n. In: Conchiologia fossile subapennina, con osservazioni geologiche sugli Apennini e sul suolo adiacente. Vols. 1 - 2. Stamperia Reale, Milano, pp. 1 - 240 & 241 - 712, 16 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11569","Borson, S. (1821) Saggio di orittografia piemontese. Memorie della Reale Academia di Scienze di Torino, 26, 297 - 364.","Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. (1822) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans verte`bres, pre´sentant des characte`res ge´ne´raux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales espe`ces qui s'y rapportent, pre´ce´de´e d'une introduction offrant la de´termination des caracte`res essentiels de l'animal, sa distinction du ve´ge´tal et des autres corps naturels; enfin, l'exposition des principes fondamentaux de la zoologie, 7. Lamarck, Paris, 711 pp.","Brongniart, A. (1823) Me´moire sur les terrains de se´diment supe´rieurs calcare´o-trappe´ens du Vicentin, et sur quelques terrains d'Italie, de France, d'Allemagne, etc., qui peuvent se rapporter a`la me ˆ me e´poque. Levrault, F. G., Paris, IV + 86 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9097","Risso, A. (1826) Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe me´ridionale et principalement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes-Maritimes. 4. Mollusques. Levrault, Paris, 439 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58984","Sassi, A. (1827) Saggio geologico sopra il bacino terziario di Albenga. 5. Giornale Ligustico de Scienze, Letteri ed Arti, 1, 467 - 484.","Bronn, H. G. (1828) Verzeichniss der bei dem Heidelberger Mineralien-Komptoir verka ¨ uflichen Konchylien-, Pflanzenthier, und anderen Versteinerungen. Zeitschrift fu ¨ r Mineralogie, 2, 529 - 544.","Serres, M. de (1829) Geognosie des terrains tertiaires, ou tableau des principaux animaux inverteibreis des terrains marins tertiaires du Midi de la France. Pomathio-Durville, Montpellier, 276 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 145101","Bronn, H. G. (1831) Italiens Tertia ¨ r-Gebilde und deren organische Einschlusse. In: Ergebnisse meiner naturhistorisch- o ¨ konomischen Reisen. Karl Groos, Heidelberg, pp. I - XII + 1 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59236","Grateloup, J. P. S. de (1833) Tableau des coquilles fossiles qu'on rencontre dans les terrains calcaire tertiaires (faluns) des environs de Dax, dans le De´partement des Landes. 1 - 12. Bulletins d'Histoire Naturelle de la Socie´te´Linne´enne de Bordeaux, 6 (32, 33 & 34), 31 - 48 (1833 a) (7), 90 - 100 (1833 b) (8) & 159 - 164 (1833 c) (9).","Grateloup, J. P. S. de (1840) Conchyliologie fossile du Bassin de l'Adour (6 e`me me´moire), famille des ne´ritace´s (Trache´lipodes opercule´s). Me´moire sur les coquilles fossiles de cette famille observe´dans les couches terrains marins supe´rieurs du Bassin de l'Adour, aux environs de Dax (Landes). Actes de la Socie´te´Linne´enne de Bordeaux, 11, 109 - 146.","Calcara, P. (1841) Memoria sopra alcune conchiglie fossili rinvenute nella contrada di Altavilla. Stamperia d'Antonio Muratori, Palermo, 86 pp.","Philippi, R. A. (1844) Enumeratio molluscorum siciliae cum viventium tum in tellure tertiaria fossilium, volumen secundum. Anton, E., Halis Saxonum, 303 pp.","Michelotti, G. (1847) Description des fossiles des terrains mioce`nes de l'Italie septentrionale. Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (2). Also as: Ouvrage publie´par la socie´te´Hollandaise des Sciences, et accompagne´d'un atlas de 17 planches. A. Arns & Compie, Leiden, 408 pp.","Sismonda, E. (1847) Synopsis methodica animalium invertebratorum pedemontii fossilium (exceptis speciebus ineditis). Typis Regiis, Augustae Taurinorum, VIII + 62 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14409","d'Orbigny, A. (1852) Prodrome de pale´ontologie stratigra phique universelle des animaux mollusques et rayonne´s, faisant suite au cours e´le´mentaire de pale´ontologie et de ge´ologie stratigraphique, 3. Victor Masson, Paris, 196 pp.","Adams, H. & Adams, A. (1853 - 1854) s. n. In: The genera of recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. John van Voorst, London, pp. 1 - 256 (1853) + 257 - 484 (1854).","Reiss, W. (1862) Mittheilungen u ¨ ber die tertia ¨ ren Schichten von Santa Maria, der su ¨ dlichsten der Azoren, und ihre organischen Einschlu ¨ sse. Nebst Beschreibung dieser letzten und Abbildung der neuen Arten, von H. G. Bronn. Neues Jahrbuch fu ¨ r Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefactunkunde, 1862, 1 - 48.","Mayer, K. (1864). Die Tertiar-fauna der Azoren und Madeiren. Zurich, published by the author. Z ¸ rich: vi + 107 pp. + 7 pls.","D'Ancona, C. (1872) Malacologia pliocenica italiana. Fascicolo II. Generi: Pisania, Ranella, Triton, Fasciolaria, Turbinella, Cancellaria, Fusus. G. Barbera, Firenze, pp. 55 - 141, pls. 8 - 15. [reissued 1873: Memorie per servire alla Descrizione della Carta Geologica d'Italia, 2, 173 - 259, pls. 8 - 15].","Bellardi, L. (1873) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 1. Cephalopoda, Pteropoda, Heteropoda, Gasteropoda (Muricidae e Tritonidae). Stamperia Reale, Torino, 261 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12269","Fontannes, F. (1879 - 1880) Les inverte´bre´s du bassin tertiaire du Sud-Est de la France. Les mollusques plioce`nes de la Valle´edu Rho ˆ ne et du Roussillon. 1. Gaste´ropodes des formations marines et saumatres. Georg, Lyon & F. Savy, Paris, VIII + 276 pp., 12 pls. [pp. 1 - 76 published in 1879, remainder in 1880] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13209","Sacco, F. (1904) I Molluschi dei terreni terziari del Piemonte e della Liguria. 30. Aggiunte e correzioni. Considerazioni generali. Indice generale dell'opera (con 1400 figure). Carlo Clausen, Torino, xxxvi + 203 pp., 31 pls.","Montanaro, E. (1935) Studi monografici sulla malacologia Miocenica Modenese. 1. I molluschi Tortoniani di Montegibbio. Palaeontographia Italica, Nuova Serie 5, 35, 1 - 84.","Friedberg, W. (1951) Mie ˛ czaki mioceniskie ziem Polskich i Krajoiw Przyleglych (Mollusca miocenica Poloniae et regionum Vicinarum). 1. Si limaki (Gasteropoda). Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne, Krakoiw, 234 pp.","Martini, F. H. W. (1777) Neues systematischen Conchylien Cabinet geordnet und beschrieben (...) Vol. 3. Raspe G. N., Nu ¨ rnberg, VI + 434 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 120020","Kojumdgieva, E. M. & Strachimirov, B. (1960) Les fossiles de Bulgarie. 7. Tortonien. Acadeimie des Sciences de Bulgarie, Sofia, 317 pp.","Pelosio, G. (1966 - 1967) La malacofauna dello stratotipo del Tabianiano (Pliocene inferiore) di Tabiano Bagni (Parma). Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 5, 101 - 183.","Strausz, L. (1966) Die Mioza ¨ n-Mediterranen Gastropoden ungarns. Akade´miai Kiado´, Budapest, 692 pp.","Palla, P. (1967) Gasteropodi pliocenici della Bassa Val d'Elsa (Toscana Occidentale). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 73, 931 - 1020.","Zelinskaya, V. A., Kulichenko, V. G., Makarenko, D. E. & Sorochan, E. A. (1968) Paleontologicheskiy Spravochnik. 2. Bruyukhonogiye ' lopatonogiye mollyuski paleogena ' miotsena Ykranini. (Paleontological Reference Book 2. Gastropoda and scaphopod mollusks of the Paleogene and Miocene of Ukraine). Academy of Sciences, Ukrainian SSR, Institute of Geological Sciences, Kiev, 281 pp.","Mastrorilli, V. (1969) I molluschi del Pliocene ligure nella col- lezione dell'Istituto di Geologia dell'Universita`di Genova, e i microfossili delle formazioni che li ricettavano. 1. I re- perti provenienti dalle marne di Genova. Atti dell'Istituto di Geologia dell'UniversitaI di Genova, 7, 85 - 228.","Caprotti, E. (1970) Mesogastropoda della stratotipo piacenziano (Castell'Arquato, Piacenza). Natura, Atti della Societa`Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 61, 121 - 187.","Marasti, R. (1973) La fauna tortoniana del T. Stirone (limite Parmense-Piacentino). Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 12, 76 - 120.","Malatesta, A. (1974) Malacofauna pliocenica Umbra. Memorie per Servire alla Carta Geologica d'Italia, 13, 1 - 498.","Fekih, M. (1975) Paleoecologie du Plioce`ne marin au nord de la Tunisie. Annales des Mines et de la Ge´ologie, 27, 1 - 195.","Martinell, J. (1979) Mesogastropoda del Plioceno del Emporda (Girona). 1. Descriptiva y sistematica. Studia Geologica Salmanticensia, 15, 85 - 165.","Poppe, G. T. & Goto, Y. (1991) European seashells. 1. Polyplacophora, Caudofoveata, Solenogastra, Gastropoda. Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 352 pp.","Robinson, D. G. (1991) The systematics and paleoecology of the prosobranch Gastropods of the Pleistocene Moiin Formation of Costa Rica. PhD dissertation, Tulane University, 748 pp.","Cavallo, O. & Repetto, G. (1992) Conchiglie fossili del Roero. Atlante iconografico. Associazione Naturalistica Piemontese Memorie (Associazione Amici del Museo ' Federico Eusebio'), 2, 1 - 251.","Baluk, W. (1995) Middle Miocene (Badenian) gastropods from Korytnica, Poland. 2. Acta Geologica Polonica, 45, 1 - 255.","Giannuzzi-Savelli, R., Pusateri, F., Palmeri, A. & Ebreo, C. (1997) Atlante delle conchiglie marine del Mediterraneo. Vol. 2. Caenogastropoda 1. Discopoda-Heteropoda. La Conchiglia, Roma, 258 pp.","Solsona, M. (1998) Paleobiologia dels mesogastero`podes del Plioce`del Mediterrani nord-occidental. Unpublished Tese de Doutoramento, Departamento d'Estratigrafia i Paleontologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 540 pp.","Landau, B. M., Beu, A. & Marquet, R. (2004 b) The early Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona, southern Spain. 5. Tonnoidea, Ficoidea. Palaeontos, 5, 35 - 102.","Landau, B. M., Harzhauser, M. & Beu, A. G. (2009) A revision of the Tonnoidea (Caenogastropoda, Gastropoda) from the Miocene Paratethys and their palaeobiogeographic implications. Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 149 (1), 61 - 109.","Sosso, M. & Dell'Angelo, B. (2010) I fossili del Rio Torsero. Editing Marginalia, Cartotectonica Beusi srl, Prato, 95 pp.","Landau, B. M., Silva, C. M. da & Mayoral, E. (2011) The lower Pliocene gastropods of the Huelva Sands Formation, Guadalquivir Basin, southwestern Spain. Palaeofocus, 4, 1 - 90.","Landau, B. M., Harzhauser, M., I ˙ slamog ˇ lu, Y. & Silva, C. M. da (2013) Systematics and palaeobiogeography of the gastropods of the middle Miocene (Serravallian) Karaman Basin, Turkey. Cainozoic Research, 11 - 13, 3 - 584.","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Kovacs, Z. & Vician, Z. (2017) Middle Miocene Tonnoidea and Ficoidea (Caenogastropoda) assemblagesfrom Letkes (Hungary). Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica, 34, 75 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.17111 / FragmPalHung. 2017.34.75","Boschele, S., Dominici, S., Massimo Bernardi, M. & Avanzini, M. (2021) Fossili cenozoici della Valsugana. Catalogo della \" Collezione Boschele \". Parte VII. Studi Trentini di Scienze Naturali, 101, 5 - 52.","Brunetti, M. M. (2022) Malacofaune plioceniche della Valle del Guadalquivir, Spagna. Edizione Danaus. Privately published, s. n., 147 pp.","Adams, A. (1855) Monographs of the genera Eulima, Niso, Leiostraca, Obeliscus, Pyramidella, and Monoptygma. In: Sowerby, G. B. II (Eds.), Thesaurus conchyliorum, or monographs of genera of shells. Vol. 2. Sowerby, G. B., London, pp. 793 - 825.","Steininger, F. (1973) Die Molluskenfaunen des Ottnangien. In: Senes ˇ, J. (Eds.), Chronostratigraphie und Neostratotypen. Mioza ¨ n der zentralen Paratethys. 3. Die Innviertler, Salgoitarjainer, Baintapusztaer Schichtengruppe und die Rzehakia Formation. Verlag der Slowakischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Bratislava, pp. 380 - 615.","Glibert, M. (1963) Les Mesogastropoda fossiles du Cenozoique etranger des collections de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Deuxieme partie: Fossaridae a Ficidae (inclus). Memoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Series 2, 73, 1 - 154.","Schultz, O. (1998) Tertia ¨ rfossilien o ¨ sterreichs, Wirbellose, niedere Wirbeltiere und marine Sa ¨ ugetiere; scho ¨ ne, interessante, ha ¨ ufige und wichtige Makrofossilien aus den Besta ¨ nden des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien und Privatsammlungen; eine Bilddokumentation. Golschneck-Verlag, Wien, 159 pp.","Csepreghy-Meznerics, I. (1954) A Keletcserhaiti Helveiti eis Tortoinai fauna. Annales Instituti Geologici Publici Hungarici, 41, 1 - 185.","Boettger, O. (1906 - 1907) Zur Kenntnis der Fauna der mittelmioca ¨ nen Schichten von Kostej im Krassoi-Szo ¨ reinyer Komitat. Gasteropoden und Anneliden. 3. Verhandlungen und Mitteilungen des Siebenbu ¨ rgischen Vereins fu ¨ r Naturwissenschaften zu Hermannstadt, 54 / 55, I - VIII + 1 - 99 (1906) / 101 - 244 (1907).","Cardenas, J., Bajo, I. & Maestre, M. V. (2019) Estudio paleontologico de los gasteropodos y escafopodos (Mollusca) del Tortoniense superior de Arroyo Trujillo, Cantillana (Sevilla). Spanish Journal of Palaeontology, 34 (2), 205 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.7203 / sjp. 34.2.16095","Chirli, C. & Richard, C. (2008) Les mollusques plaisanciens de la Co ˆ te d'Azur. Chirli, C., Tavarnelle, 128 pp., 25 pls.","Lecointre, G. (1952) Recherches sur le Ne´oge`ne et le Quaternaire marins de la co ˆ te atlantique du Maroc, 2, Pale´ontologie. Notes et Me´moires du Service Ge´ologique du Maroc, 99, 5 - 170.","Caprotti, E. (1974) Molluschi del Tabianiano (Pliocene inferiore) della Val d'Arda. Loro connessioni temporali e spaziali. Conchiglie, 10, 1 - 47.","Beu, A. G. (2010) Neogene tonnoidean gastropods of tropical and South America: contributions to the Dominican Republic and Panama Paleontology Projects and uplift of the Central American Isthmus. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 377 - 378, 1 - 550."]}

Genus Cerithiopsis Forbes & Hanley, 1850 Type species. Murex tubercularis Montagu, 1803 (Forbes & Hanley 1850: pl. OO), by monotypy. Present-day, British Isles.

Genus Distorsio Röding, 1798 Type species. Murex anus Linnaeus, 1758 (R̂ding 1798: 133), by subsequent designation (Pilsbry, 1922). Present-day, Indo-Pacific., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on page 62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Pilsbry, H. A. (1922) Revision of W. M. Gabb's Tertiary Mollusca of Santo Domingo. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 73, 305 - 435."]}

Genus Thylacodes Guettard, 1770 Type species. Serpulorbis polyphragma Sassi, 1827 (Guettard 1770: 143), by subsequent designation (Keen 1961). Present-day, Mediterranean., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Guettard, J. E. (1770) Me´moires sur diffe´rentes parties des sciences et arts. Vol. 2. L. Prault, Paris, 85 + 72 + 530 pp.","Sassi, A. (1827) Saggio geologico sopra il bacino terziario di Albenga. 5. Giornale Ligustico de Scienze, Letteri ed Arti, 1, 467 - 484.","Keen, A. M. (1961) A proposed reclassification of the gastropod family Vermetidae. Bulletin of the British Museum, Natural History, Zoology, 7 (3), 183 - 213."]}

Mathilda quadricarinata (Brocchi, 1814) Plate 6 F * Turbo quadricarinatus Brocchi 1814: 375, pl. 7, fig. 6. Mathilda quadricarinata (Br.) — Sacco 1896a: 34, pl. 3, fig. 26. Mathilda quadricarinata var. squamosa (Bors.) — Sacco 1896a: 35, pl. 3, fig. 27. Mathilda quadricarinata var. perconica Sacco 1896a: 35, pl. 3, fig. 28. Mathilda quadricarinata var. perelegans Sacco 1896a: 35, pl. 3, fig. 29. Mathilda quadricarinata var. taurocolligens Sacco 1896a: 35, pl. 3, fig. 30. Mathilda (Mathilda) quadricarinata (Brocchi) 1814—Rossi & Ronchetti 1955: 119, fig. 56. Mathilda quadricarinata (Brocchi) — Caprotti 1976: 7, pl. 8, fig. 5. Turbo quadricarinata Brocchi, 1814 — Pinna & Spezia 1978: 164, pl. 59, fig. 1. Mathilda quadricarinata (Brocchi, 1814) — Poppe & Goto 1991: 186, pl. 36, fig. 30. Mathilda quadricarinata (Brocchi, 1814) — Cavallo & Repetto 1992: 152, fig. 421. Mathilda quadricarenata [sic] (Brocchi, 1814)— Chirli & Richard 2008: 75, pl. 25, fig. 2. Mathilda quadricarinata (Brocchi, 1814) — Sosso & Dell’Angelo 2010: 51, 66, unnumbered figure, middle row right. Mathilda quadricarinata (Brocchi, 1814) — Chirli & Linse 2011: 214, pl. 85, fig. 1. Mathilda quadricarinata (Brocchi, 1814) —Hernández et al. 2011: 243, figs. 82P-S. Mathilda granosa (Borson, 1821) — Landau et al. 2011: 39, pl. 22, fig. 3 [non Mathilda granosa (Borson, 1821)]. Mathilda quadricarinata (Brocchi, 1814) — Chirli 2013: 20, pl. 7, figs. 1-6. Mathilda quadricarinata (Brocchi, 1814) — Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. 2014: 38, fig. 32. Mathilda quadricarinata (Brocchi, 1814) — Brunetti & Cresti 2018: 104, fig. 441. Mathilda quadricarinata (Brocchi, 1814) — Boschele et al. 2021: 18, pl. 14, fig. 25. Mathilda quadricarinata (Brocchi, 1814) — Tabanelli et al. 2021: 3, figs. 1a-c, 2a-c. Santa Maria material examined. Maximum height 1.9 mm, width 1.1 mm (incomplete fragment). DBUA-F 1023- 2 (1), Ponta do Castelo, Santa Maria Island, Azores, Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene. Description. Azorean material too incomplete to offer a description. Discussion. The Azorean specimen consists of half of the penultimate and last whorls, attached to matrix that cannot be removed. Nevertheless, it shows the characteristic sculpture consisting of four primary cords: two weaker adapical and two stronger abapical cords. Fine lamellar axial sculpture makes the cords weakly to moderately beaded. The specimen from the Atlantic Lower Pliocene Guadalquivir Basin assemblage illustrated by Landau et al. (2011: pl. 22, fig. 3) as Mathilda granosa (Borson, 1821) represents M. quadricarinata (Brocchi, 1814). Mathilda granosa has one weaker adapical cord and two strong abapical cords that are far more strongly tubercular than in M. quadricarinata (see Sosso & Dell’Angelo 2010: 66, unnumbered figure, middle row centre vs. middle row right). Mathilda cochlaeformis Brugnone, 1873, also from the present-day West African and Mediterranean coasts, differs in having a wider apical angle, two weak adapical cords and the third cord stronger than the fourth, making the whorls somewhat angular in profile. Mathilda gemmulata Semper, 1865, known from the Italian Pliocene and present coast of West African, is slightly slenderer than M. quadricarinata, and has one weak adapical primary cord and two stronger adapical cords. Distribution. Lower Miocene: central Proto-Mediterranean, Italy (Sacco 1896a). Upper Miocene: central Proto-Mediterranean, Italy (Sacco 1896a). Lower Pliocene: Atlantic, Santa Maria Island, Azores (this paper), Guadalquivir Basin S. Spain (Landau et al. 2011); central Mediterranean, Italy (Cavallo & Repetto 1992; Sosso & Dell’Angelo 2010; Chirli 2013; Brunetti & Cresti 2018). Upper Pliocene: western Mediterranean, Estepona Basin, S. Spain (NHMW collection), France (Chirli & Richard 2008); central Mediterranean, Italy (Sacco 1896a; Caprotti 1976; Tabanelli et al. 2021). Lower Pleistocene: eastern Mediterranean, Rhodes Island (Chirli & Linse 2011). Present-day: Portugal, Mediterranean, West African coast to Angola, Madeira, Canaries and Cabo Verde (Poppe & Goto 1991; Hernández et al. 2011; Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. 2014)., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on pages 90-91, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Brocchi, G. (1814) s. n. In: Conchiologia fossile subapennina, con osservazioni geologiche sugli Apennini e sul suolo adiacente. Vols. 1 - 2. Stamperia Reale, Milano, pp. 1 - 240 & 241 - 712, 16 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11569","Sacco, F. (1896 a) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 19. (Turritellidae e Mathildidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 43 pp., 3 pls.","Caprotti, E. (1976) Malacofauna dello stratotipo piacenziano (Pliocene de Castell'Arquato). Conchiglie, 12, 1 - 56.","Pinna, G. & Spezia, L. (1978) Catalogo dei tipi del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano. 5. I tipi dei Gasteropodi fossili. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 119 (2), 125 - 180.","Poppe, G. T. & Goto, Y. (1991) European seashells. 1. Polyplacophora, Caudofoveata, Solenogastra, Gastropoda. Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 352 pp.","Cavallo, O. & Repetto, G. (1992) Conchiglie fossili del Roero. Atlante iconografico. Associazione Naturalistica Piemontese Memorie (Associazione Amici del Museo ' Federico Eusebio'), 2, 1 - 251.","Chirli, C. & Richard, C. (2008) Les mollusques plaisanciens de la Co ˆ te d'Azur. Chirli, C., Tavarnelle, 128 pp., 25 pls.","Sosso, M. & Dell'Angelo, B. (2010) I fossili del Rio Torsero. Editing Marginalia, Cartotectonica Beusi srl, Prato, 95 pp.","Chirli, C. & Linse, U. (2011) The Pleistocene marine Gastropods of Rhodes Island (Greece). Grafiche PDB, Tavarnelle V. P., Firenze, 262 pp., 90 pls.","Borson, S. (1821) Saggio di orittografia piemontese. Memorie della Reale Academia di Scienze di Torino, 26, 297 - 364.","Landau, B. M., Silva, C. M. da & Mayoral, E. (2011) The lower Pliocene gastropods of the Huelva Sands Formation, Guadalquivir Basin, southwestern Spain. Palaeofocus, 4, 1 - 90.","Chirli, C. (2013) Malacofauna Pliocenica Toscana. Vol. 9. Gastropoda fine Scaphopoda. Chirli, C., Firenze, 169 pp., 24 pls.","Giannuzzi-Savelli, R., Pusateri, F., Micali, P., Nofroni, I., Bartolini, S. (2014) Atlante delle conchiglie marine del Mediterraneo, 5 (Heterobranchia). Danaus, Palermo, 111 pp.","Brunetti, M. M. & Cresti, M. (2018) I fossili di Orciano Pisano. Atlante iconografico. Edizioni Danaus, Palermo, 232 pp.","Boschele, S., Dominici, S., Massimo Bernardi, M. & Avanzini, M. (2021) Fossili cenozoici della Valsugana. Catalogo della \" Collezione Boschele \". Parte VII. Studi Trentini di Scienze Naturali, 101, 5 - 52.","Tabanelli, C., Bertaccini, E., Bertamini, R., Bongiardino, C., Gardella, F. & Petracci, P. (2021) La malacofauna dello \" spungone \" La famiglia Mathildidae Dall, 1889 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Mathildidae). Quaderno di Studi e Notizie di Storia Naturale della Romagna, 53, 1 - 18.","Brugnone, G. A. (1873) Miscellanea malacologica. Pars prima. Tipografia Michele Amenta, Palermo, 15 pp., 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 139716","Semper, O. (1865) Du genre Mathilda. Journal de Conchyliologie, 13, 328 - 341."]}

Subfamily Imbricariinae Troschel, 1867 Discussion. The presence of mitrid gastropods in the assemblages of Santa Maria was already recognised by Bronn in Reiss (1862) who erected the species Mitra volvaria for a specimen from Pinheiros and also recorded M. aperta Bellardi, 1850 from the same locality. Mayer (1864), refigured the specimen of M. volvaria, considered M. aperta from Santa Maria a new species erecting the name M. hoernesi Mayer, 1864, and described a third species, endemic to Santa Maria, M. peregrinula Mayer, 1864. The mitrid material collected since then is extremely poor, and all determinations below are speculative. As discussed by Landau et al. (2019:193), placing European Neogene mitrid species into genera is almost impossible after the molecular phylogenetic work of Fedosov et al. (2018). Those authors showed that the three extant Mediterranean species fell into two separate clades that were indistinguishable based on shell characters. Mitra cornicula (Linnaeus, 1758) and M. zonata Marryat, 1818 they placed in Episcomitra, and M. cornea Lamarck, 1811 in Isara H. Adams & A. Adams (1853) (Fuscomitra Pallary, 1900 is a synonym). Genus Cancilla Swainson, 1840 Type species. Mitra isabella Swainson, 1831 (Swainson 1840: 320), by subsequent designation (Herrmannsen, 1846). Present-day, Indo-Pacific., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on page 78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Troschel, F. H. (1867) Bericht ¸ ber die Leistungen in der Naturgeschichte der Mollusken wahrend des Jahres 1866. Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung. [unknown pagination]","Reiss, W. (1862) Mittheilungen u ¨ ber die tertia ¨ ren Schichten von Santa Maria, der su ¨ dlichsten der Azoren, und ihre organischen Einschlu ¨ sse. Nebst Beschreibung dieser letzten und Abbildung der neuen Arten, von H. G. Bronn. Neues Jahrbuch fu ¨ r Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefactunkunde, 1862, 1 - 48.","Bellardi, L. (1850) Monografia delle mitre fossili del Piemonte. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, 11 (2), 1 - 34, pls. 1 - 2. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59630","Mayer, K. (1864). Die Tertiar-fauna der Azoren und Madeiren. Zurich, published by the author. Z ¸ rich: vi + 107 pp. + 7 pls.","Fedosov, A., Puillandre, N., Herrmann, M., Kantor, Yu., Oliverio, M., Dgebuadze, P., Modica, M. V. & Bouchet, P. (2018) The collapse of Mitra: molecular systematics and morphology of the Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 183 (2), 253 - 337. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 073","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Marryat, F. (1818) Descriptions of two new shells. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 12, 336 - 339. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1817. tb 00230. x","Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. (1811) Suite de la de´termination des espe`ces de Mollusques Testace´s. Ovule. (Ovula). Annales du Museium d'Histoire Naturelle, 16, 109 - 114.","Adams, H. & Adams, A. (1853 - 1854) s. n. In: The genera of recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. John van Voorst, London, pp. 1 - 256 (1853) + 257 - 484 (1854).","Pallary, P. (1900) Coquilles marines du littoral du deipartment d'Oran. Journal de Conchyliologie, 48, 211 - 422.","Swainson, W. (1840) A treatise on malacology or shells and shellfish. Longman, London, VIII + 419 pp.","Swainson, W. (1829 - 1833) Zoological Illustrations, or original figures and descriptions of new, rare, or interesting animals, selected chiefly from the classes of ornithology, entomology, and conchology, and arranged according to their apparent affinities. Series 2. Vols. 1 - 3. Baldwin & Cradock, London, pls. 1 - 30 (1829) + 31 - 45 (1830) + 46 - 85 (1831) + 86 - 96 (1832) + 97 - 136 (1833).","Herrmannsen, A. N. (1846) Indicis Generum Malacozoorum primordial. Vol. 1. Fischer, Cassel, XXVIII + 637 pp."]}

Genus Xenophora Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 Type species. Xenophora laevigata Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 (Fischer von Waldheim 1807: 213), by subsequent designation (Harris, 1896). Present-day, Caribbean., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on page 64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Harris, G. D. (1896) The Midway stage. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 1, 115 - 156."]}

Emarginula octaviana Coen, 1939 Plate 1 B 1 -B 2 Emarginula elongata, Costa 1829: 10 (non Defrance, 1819; non G.B. Sowerby I, 1823; non Gray,1825). Emarginula elongata, Costa 1830: 10 (non Defrance, 1819; non G.B. Sowerby I, 1823; non Gray,1825). Emarginula Ornata Millet 1854: 166 (nomen nudum). Emarginula ornata Millet 1864: 599. * Emarginula octaviana Coen 1939: 71. Emarginula elongata da Costa — Glibert 1949: 20, pl.1, fig. 9. Emarginula elongata Costa, 1829— Brébion 1964: 58, pl. 1, figs. 7, 8. Emarginula octaviana Coen, 1939 — Piani 1984: 206, figs. 26-36. Emarginula octaviana Coen, 1939 — Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. 1994: 46, fig. 77 Emarginula octaviana Coen, 1939 — Chirli & Linse 2011: 32, pl. 3, fig. 3. Emarginula octaviana Coen, 1939 —Hernández et al. 2011: 59, figs. 9H-J. Emarginula octaviana Coen, 1939 — Ceulemans et al. 2016a: 57, pl. 2, fig. 3 (cum syn.). Emarginula octaviana Coen, 1939 — Chirli & Forli 2017: 20, pl. 3, fig. D. Emarginula octaviana Coen, 1939 — Landau et al. 2017: 86, pl. 9, figs. 1-2. Santa Maria material examined. Maximum height 1.8 mm, width 3.0 mm. DBUA-F 487-1 (2), Ponta do Castelo, Santa Maria Island, Azores, Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene. Description. Azorean specimen juvenile, not apt for description. Discussion. The Azorean specimens represent a juvenile but shows the salient characteristics of the species; the long elongated profile, coarse reticulate sculpture, and most importantly the lamellae on the selenizone, which are relatively coarse and rise above the level of the reticulate sculpture on lateral view. For further comparison, see Ceulemans et al. (2016: 58). Distribution. Upper Miocene: Atlantic (Tortonian), NW France (Millet 1854, 1865; Brébion 1964; Landau et al. 2017). Lower Pliocene: Atlantic, NW France (Brébion 1964; Ceulemans et al. 2016), Santa Maria Island, Azores (this paper). Upper Pliocene-Lower Pleistocene: NW France (Brébion 1964). Lower Pleistocene: central Mediterranean (Chirli & Forli 2017); eastern Mediterranean (Chirli & Linse 2011). Present-day: Atlantic Canaries (Hernández et al. 2011), Portugal, Morocco and Mediterranean (Poppe & Goto 1992)., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Coen, G. (1939) ' Emarginulae' nuove del Mediterraneo. Acta Pontifica Academia Scientiarum, 3 (10), 69 - 72, 1 pl.","Gray, J. E. (1825) A list and description of some species of shells not taken notice of by Lamarck. The Annals of Philosophy, New Series 9, 25, 134 - 140 + 407 - 415.","Costa, O. G. [1830 (\" 1829 \")] Catalogo sistematico e ragionato de' testacei delle Due Sicilie. Tipografia della Minerva, Napoli, 140 pp. [work dated 1829 on title page, but published in 1830 according to Fasulo, 2013, Bollettino Malacologico, 49, 101 - 103] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13093","Millet de la Turtaudie`re, P. A. (1854) Pale´ontologie de Maine-et-Loire. Cosnier et Lache`se, Angers, 187 pp.","Millet de la TurtaudieIre, P. A. (1864) Indicateur de Maine-et-Loire ou indications par commune de ce que chacune d'elles renferme. Vol. 1. Cosnier et LacheIse, Angers, 754 pp.","Glibert, M. (1949) Gastropodes du Miocene moyen du Bassin de la Loire. 1. Memoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 2 (30), 1 - 240.","Brebion, P. (1964) Les gasteropodes du Redonien et leur signification. Vols. 1 - 2. The`se de doctorat e`s-Sciences. Faculte des Sciences de l'Universite de Paris, Paris, 775 pp., 15 pls. [27 June 1964, unpublished]","Piani, P. (1984) Revisione del genere Emarginula Lamarck, 1801 in Mediterraneo. Atti Simp.: Sistematica dei Prosobranchi del Mediterraneo, 1982. Lavori della Societa Italiana di Malacologia, 21, 193 - 238.","Giannuzzi-Savelli, R., Pusateri, F., Palmeri, A. & Ebreo, C. (1994) Atlante delle conchiglie marine del Mediterraneo. Vol. 1. Archaeogastropoda. La Conchiglia, Roma, 125 pp.","Chirli, C. & Linse, U. (2011) The Pleistocene marine Gastropods of Rhodes Island (Greece). Grafiche PDB, Tavarnelle V. P., Firenze, 262 pp., 90 pls.","Ceulemans, L., Van Dingenen, F. & Landau, B. M. (2016 a) The lower Pliocene gastropods of Le Pigeon Blanc (Northwest France). Patellogastropoda and Vetigastropoda. Cainozoic Research, 16 (1), 51 - 100.","Chirli, C. & Forli, M. (2017) Il Calabriano della Toscana. Gasteropodi. Vol. I. L'Informatore Piceno, Ancona, 90 pp.","Landau, B. M., Van Dingenen, F. & Ceulemans, L. (2017) The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France. 1. Patellogastropoda and Vetigastropoda. Cainozoic Research, 17 (1), 1 - 75.","Millet de la Turtaudie`re, P. A. (1865) Indicateur du Maine-et-Loire ou indications par commune de ce que chacune d'elles renferme. Vol. 2. Cosnier et Lache`se, Angers, 616 pp.","Poppe, G. T. & Goto, Y. (1992) Volutes. Mostra Mondiale Malacologia Cupra Maritttima (AP - Italy). L'Informatore Piceno, Ancona, 348 pp."]}

Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758) Plate 6 J 1 -J 2 * Bulla lignaria Linnaeus 1758: 727. Scaphander targionius Risso 1826: 51, pl. 2, fig. 13. Bulla lignaria Linn. —S.V. Wood 1848: 173, pl. 21, fig. 8. Scaphander Grateloupi d’O.—Bronn in Reiss 1862: 34 [non Bulla grateloupi Michelotti, 1847 = Scaphander tarbelliana (Grateloup, 1837)]. Bulla lignaria Linné — Mayer 1864: 59. Scaphander lignaria Linné. — Nyst 1878, pl. 7, fig. 23. 1882 Scaphander lignaria Linné. —Nyst: 137. Scaphander lignarius L.— Sacco 1897: 43, pl. 3, figs. 94, 95. Scaphander lignarius var. targionia (Risso) — Sacco 1897: 43, pl. 3, figs. 96-99. Scaphander lignarius var. parvulina Sacco 1897: 44, pl. 3, figs. 100-101. Scaphander lignarius L.— Cerulli-Irelli 1910: 227, pl. 35, figs. 1-7. Scaphander lignarius (Linné) —Harmer 1923: 806, pl. 63, figs. 14, 15. Scaphander grateloupi Michelotti, 1847 — Brébion 1964: 658, pl. 15, fig. 40 [non Michelotti, 1847; = Scaphander tarbelliana (Grateloup, 1837)]. Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758) —van Regteren Altena et al. 1964: 7, pl. 22, fig. 210. Scaphander (Scaphander) lignarius (Linné, 1758) — Malatesta 1974: 447, pl. 23, fig. 17. Scaphander lignarius (L., 1758)— Cavallo & Repetto 1992: 170, fig. 491. Scaphander lignarius (Brocchi) [sic]— Ruiz Muñoz et al. 1997: 188, pl. 41, figs. 12, 13. Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758) — Marquet 1997b: 116, pl. 11, fig. 6. Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758) — Marquet 1998b: 221, fig. 194. Scaphander lignarius (Linné, 1758) — Chirli & Richard 2008: 81, pl. 16, fig. 6. Scaphander lignarius var. parvulina Sacco, 1897 [sic]— Sosso & Dell’Angelo 2010: 55, 69, unnumbered fig. middle row left. Scaphander lignarius (Linné, 1758) — Chirli & Linse 2011: 219, pl. 86, fig. 6. Scaphander lignarius (Linné, 1758) — Chirli 2013: 45, pl. 10, figs. 17-21. Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758) — Landau et al. 2013: 43, pl. 23, fig. 15. Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758) — Eilertsen & Malaquias 2013: 405, fig. 3/1-4 (cum syn; extant literature). Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758) — Ceulemans et al. 2018: 126, pl. 7, fig. 13. Scaphander lignarius parvulina (Sacco, 1897) [sic]— Brunetti & Cresti 2018: 120, fig. 535. non Scaphander lignarius Linné — Dollfus et al. 1903: 22, pl. 36, figs. 13, 14. non Scaphander lignarius L.—Friedberg 1928: 546, pl. 36, figs. 3-4 [= Scaphander dertonensis (Sacco, 1897)]. non Scaphander (Scaphander) lignarius lignarius (Linnaeus) — Berger 1953: 113, pl. 21, figs. 104-105 [= Scaphander dertonensis (Sacco, 1897)]. non Scaphander lignarius L.— Strausz 1954: 38, 82, 116, pl. 9, fig. 166 [= Scaphander dertonensis (Sacco, 1897)]. non Scaphander lignarius Linnaeus, 1766 — Moisescu 1955: 176, pl. 15, fig. 7 [= Scaphander dertonensis (Sacco, 1897)]. non Scaphander lignarius Linné, 1766 — Strausz 1966: 477, pl. 75, figs. 7, 8 [= Scaphander dertonensis (Sacco, 1897)]. non Scaphander lignarius Linnaeus — Ba&lstrok;uk 1970: 119, pl. 14, figs. 1, 2 [= Scaphander dertonensis (Sacco, 1897)]. non Scaphander (Scaphander) lignarius lignarius (Linné) — Schultz 1998: 76, pl. 31, fig. 10 [= Scaphander dertonensis (Sacco, 1897)]. non Bulla lignaria Linn. —Hörnes 1856: 616, pl. 50, fig. 1 [= Scaphander dertonensis (Sacco, 1897)]. Santa Maria material examined. Maximum height 27 mm, width 15.5 mm. Internal mould from LNEG collection (unnumbered), locality unknow, Santa Maria Island, Azores, Lower Pliocene. Discussion. We confirm this record from the Lower Pliocene of Santa Maria, based on an internal mould present in LNEG collection. Bronn in Mayer (1862) identified the specimens as Scaphander grateloupi Michelotti, 1847 [= Scaphander tarbelliana (Grateloup, 1837)]. That species from the Atlantic Lower Miocene Aquitanian and Burdigalian of the Aquitaine Basin, France and late Burdigalian-Langhian of the North Sea Basin is smaller, more fragile than S. lignarius, and the aperture does not rise above the apex, but most notably it has punctuated striations, which in Scaphander grateloupi are broader, the rounded punctations larger, widening the grooves (Ceulemans et al. 2018). The Middle and Upper Miocene form represents S. dertonensis (Sacco, 1897) which differs from S. lignarius in being a thicker shell, in having a more conical shape, the aperture is narrower and less expanded anteriorly, the spiral grooves on the last whorl are more widely spaced, the outer lip rises further above the apex adapically, and the columellar callus is a little thicker (Landau et al. 2013: 335). It is difficult to decide based on an internal mould, as the surface sculpture is not preserved, but the shape of the Azorean mould suggests that it represents S. lignarius. Distribution. Lower Pliocene: North Sea Basin, Coralline Crag, England (S.V. Wood 1848; Harmer 1923), Kattendijk Formation, Belgium (Marquet 1997b, 1998b); Atlantic, NW France (Brébion 1964; Ceulemans et al. 2018), Santa Maria Island, Azores (Bronn in Reiss 1862; Mayer 1864), Guadalquivir Basin, Spain (Ruiz Muñoz et al. 1997; Landau et al. 2011); central Mediterranean, Italy (Sacco 1897; Chirli 2013; Brunetti & Cresti 2018). Upper Pliocene: North Sea Basin, Red Crag, England (S.V. Wood 1848; Harmer 1923), Oorderen Sands Formation, Belgium (Marquet 1997b, 1998b); western Mediterranean, Estepona Basin (NHMW collection), southern France (Chirli & Richard 2008); central Mediterranean, Italy (Sacco 1897; Malatesta 1974; Cavallo & Repetto 1992; Sosso & Dell’Angelo 2010). Pliocene (indeterminate): North Sea Basin, Netherlands (van Regteren Altena et al. 1964). Upper Pliocene-Pleistocene: Atlantic, northwestern France (Brébion 1964). Lower Pleistocene: central Mediterranean, Italy (Cerulli-Irelli 1910); eastern Mediterranean, Rhodes Island (Chirli & Linse 2011). Pleistocene: Atlantic, England, Ireland (Harmer 1923); central Mediterranean, Italy (Malatesta, 1960). Present-day: Iceland, Scandinavia, British Isles, northeastern Atlantic frontage to Portugal, Mediterranean, NW Africa and Canary Islands (T.E. Thompson, 1988)., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on pages 95-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Risso, A. (1826) Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe me´ridionale et principalement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes-Maritimes. 4. Mollusques. Levrault, Paris, 439 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58984","Wood, S. V. (1848) A Monograph of the Crag Mollusca or, descriptions of shells from the middle and upper tertiaries of the east of England. Part 1. Univalves. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society of London, 1, i - xii + 1 - 208, 21 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02693445.1847.12089320","Reiss, W. (1862) Mittheilungen u ¨ ber die tertia ¨ ren Schichten von Santa Maria, der su ¨ dlichsten der Azoren, und ihre organischen Einschlu ¨ sse. Nebst Beschreibung dieser letzten und Abbildung der neuen Arten, von H. G. Bronn. Neues Jahrbuch fu ¨ r Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefactunkunde, 1862, 1 - 48.","Michelotti, G. (1847) Description des fossiles des terrains mioce`nes de l'Italie septentrionale. Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (2). Also as: Ouvrage publie´par la socie´te´Hollandaise des Sciences, et accompagne´d'un atlas de 17 planches. A. Arns & Compie, Leiden, 408 pp.","Grateloup, J. P. S. de (1837) Notice sur la famille des bulle´ens dont on trouve les de´pouilles fossiles dans les terrains marins supe´rieurs du Bassin de l'Adour, aux environs de Dax (Landes), pre´ce´de´e de conside´rations ge´ne´rales sur cette famille et du tableau des genres et des espe`ces connus, soit a`l'e´tat vivant soit a`l'e´tat fossile. Actes de la Socie´te´Linne´enne de Bordeaux, 8, 247 - 299. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 144865","Mayer, K. (1864). Die Tertiar-fauna der Azoren und Madeiren. Zurich, published by the author. Z ¸ rich: vi + 107 pp. + 7 pls.","Nyst, P. H. (1878) Conchyliologie des terrains tertiaires de la Belgique. 1. Terrain Plioce`ne Scaldisien. Annales du Muse´e Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, se´rie Pale´ontologique, 3, pls. 1 - 28.","Sacco, F. (1897) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 22. Gasteropoda (fine) (Pleurotomariidae, Scissurellidae, Haliotidae, Fissurellidae, Tecturidae, Patellidae, Oocorythidae, Cyclophoridae, Cyclostomidae, Aciculidae, Truncatellidae, Actaeonidae, Tornatinidae, Scaphandridae, Bullidae, Cyclichnidae, Philenidae, Umbrellidae). Pulmonata (Testacellidae, Limacidae, Vitrinidae, Helicidae, Pupidae, Stenogyridae, Succineidae, Auriculidae, Limnaeidae, Physidae; Siphonariidae). Amphineura (Chitonidae). Scaphopoda (Dentaliidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 148 pp., 10 pls.","Cerulli-Irelli, S. (1910) Fauna Malacologica Mariana Parte Quarta. Scaphopoda: - Dentalidae. Gastropoda: - Stenogyridae, Gadiniidae, Acteonidae, Tornatinidae, Scaphandridae, Bullidae, Ringiculidae, Philinidae, Umbrellidae, Conidae, Pleurotomidae. Palaeontographia Italica, 16, 23 - 70 (215 - 262), pls. 3 - 6 (34 - 37).","Brebion, P. (1964) Les gasteropodes du Redonien et leur signification. Vols. 1 - 2. The`se de doctorat e`s-Sciences. Faculte des Sciences de l'Universite de Paris, Paris, 775 pp., 15 pls. [27 June 1964, unpublished]","Regteren Altena, C. O. van, Bloklander, A. & Pouderoyen, L. P. (1964) De fossiele schelpen van de Nederlandse stranden en zeegaten, 6. Basteria, 28, 1 - 9.","Malatesta, A. (1974) Malacofauna pliocenica Umbra. Memorie per Servire alla Carta Geologica d'Italia, 13, 1 - 498.","Cavallo, O. & Repetto, G. (1992) Conchiglie fossili del Roero. Atlante iconografico. Associazione Naturalistica Piemontese Memorie (Associazione Amici del Museo ' Federico Eusebio'), 2, 1 - 251.","Ruiz Munoz, F., Gonzalez-Regalado Montero, M. L. & Redondo Sanz, J. L. (1997) Guiia de foisiles del sur de la provincia de Huelva. Imprenta Diputacioin, Diputacioin Provincial de Huelva, 204 pp.","Marquet, R. (1997 b) Pliocene gastropod faunas from Kallo (Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium), 3 - 4. Caenogastropoda: Aporrhaidae to Muricidae (3); Buccinidae to Helicidae (4). Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology, 34, 69 - 149.","Marquet, R. (1998 b) The Pliocene turrid gastropods of Belgium. 2. Conidae (genera Asthenotoma, Comarmondia, Cytharella, Mangelia, Lusitanops, Raphitoma and Philbertia). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 68, 263 - 287.","Chirli, C. & Richard, C. (2008) Les mollusques plaisanciens de la Co ˆ te d'Azur. Chirli, C., Tavarnelle, 128 pp., 25 pls.","Sosso, M. & Dell'Angelo, B. (2010) I fossili del Rio Torsero. Editing Marginalia, Cartotectonica Beusi srl, Prato, 95 pp.","Chirli, C. & Linse, U. (2011) The Pleistocene marine Gastropods of Rhodes Island (Greece). Grafiche PDB, Tavarnelle V. P., Firenze, 262 pp., 90 pls.","Chirli, C. (2013) Malacofauna Pliocenica Toscana. Vol. 9. Gastropoda fine Scaphopoda. Chirli, C., Firenze, 169 pp., 24 pls.","Landau, B. M., Harzhauser, M., I ˙ slamog ˇ lu, Y. & Silva, C. M. da (2013) Systematics and palaeobiogeography of the gastropods of the middle Miocene (Serravallian) Karaman Basin, Turkey. Cainozoic Research, 11 - 13, 3 - 584.","Eilertsen, M. H. & Malaquias, M. A. (2013) Systematic revision of the genus Scaphander (Gastropoda, Cephalaspidea) in the Atlantic Ocean, with a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 167, 389 - 429. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12013","Ceulemans, L. Van Dingenen, F. & Landau, B. M. (2018) The lower Pliocene gastropods of Le Pigeon Blanc (Loire-Atlantique, northwest France). Part 5. Neogastropoda (Conoidea) and Heterobranchia (fine). Cainozoic Research, 18 (2), 89 - 176.","Brunetti, M. M. & Cresti, M. (2018) I fossili di Orciano Pisano. Atlante iconografico. Edizioni Danaus, Palermo, 232 pp.","Dollfus, G. F., Berkeley Cotter, J. C. & Gomes, J. P. (1903 - 04) Mollusques tertiaires du Portugal. Planches de ce´phalopodes, gaste´ropodes et pe´le´cypodes laisse´es par F. A. Pereira da Costa. Accompagne´es d'une explication sommaire et d'une esquisse ge´ologique. Me´moires de la Commission du Service Ge´ologique du Portugal, 34, 6 + 46 + 65 pp.","Berger, W. (1953) Die Bullaceen aus dem Tertia ¨ r des Wiener Beckens. Archiv fu ¨ r Molluskenkunde, 82, 81 - 129.","Strausz, L. (1954) Va´rpalotai Felso´- Mediterra´n Csiga´k. Les gastropods du Mediterrane´en Supe´rieur (Tortonien) de Varpalota. Geologica Hungarica, 25, 1 - 150.","Moisescu, G. (1955) S tratigrafia s ¸ i fauna de molus ¸ te din depozitele tortoniene s ¸ i sarmatiene din regiunea Bujturi, Republica Popularai Romi ˆ naT. Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romi ˆ ne, Bucures ¸ ti, 225 pp.","Linne, C. (1766) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Regnum Animale. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], 532 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 68927","Strausz, L. (1966) Die Mioza ¨ n-Mediterranen Gastropoden ungarns. Akade´miai Kiado´, Budapest, 692 pp.","Baluk, W. (1970) The Lower Tortonian at Niskowa near Nowy Sacz, Polish Carpathians. Acta Geologica Polonica, 20, 101 - 157.","Schultz, O. (1998) Tertia ¨ rfossilien o ¨ sterreichs, Wirbellose, niedere Wirbeltiere und marine Sa ¨ ugetiere; scho ¨ ne, interessante, ha ¨ ufige und wichtige Makrofossilien aus den Besta ¨ nden des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien und Privatsammlungen; eine Bilddokumentation. Golschneck-Verlag, Wien, 159 pp.","Landau, B. M., Silva, C. M. da & Mayoral, E. (2011) The lower Pliocene gastropods of the Huelva Sands Formation, Guadalquivir Basin, southwestern Spain. Palaeofocus, 4, 1 - 90.","Malatesta A. (1960) Malacofauna pleistocenica di Grammichele (Sicilia). Memorie per servire alla descrizione della carta Geologica Italiana. XII. Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Roma, 392 pp.","Thompson, T. E. (1988) Molluscs: Benthic opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). In: Kermack, D. M. & Barnes, R. S. K (Eds.), Synopses of the British Fauna. New Series. Vol. 8. 2 nd Edition. E. Brill, J. & Dr. Backhuys, W., Leiden, 356 pp."]}

Pseudomangelia vauquelini (Payraudeau, 1826) * Pleurotoma Vauquelini Payraudeau 1826: 145-146, pl. 7, figs. 14-15. Pleurotoma Vauquelini Payr. — Philippi 1836: 198-199, pl. 11, figs. 19, 19a. Mangelia pura Reeve 1846: pl. 8, species 63. Pleurotoma Vauquelini Payraudeau — Mayer 1864: 68. Mangilia Vauquelini Payr. —Bucquoy et al. 1883: 103, pl. 15, figs. 1-3. Mangilia Vauquelini Payraudeau —Tryon 1884: 243, pl. 21, fig. 17. Mangilia rigida Reeve —Tryon 1884: 243, pl. 21, fig. 18. Pleurotoma vauquelini Payraudeau — Kobelt 1905: 336, pl. 93, figs. 12-13. Mangilia Vauquelini Payr. — Cerulli-Irelli 1910: 51-52 [243-244], pl. 5[36], figs. 2a-b. Mangilia Vauquelini Payraudeau — Paulus & Mars 1941: 245, fig. 16. Cythara (Lyromangelia) vauquelini (Payraudeau, 1826) — Nordsieck 1968: 167, pl. 28, fig. 97.71. Cythara (Lyromangelia) vauquelini (Payraudeau, 1826) — Nordsieck 1977: 37, pl. 6, fig. 50. Cythara vauquelini (Payraudeau, 1826) — Bogi et al. 1979, pag. 8, unnumbered fig. Cythara vauquelini (Payraudeau, 1826) — Nordsieck & García-Talavera 1979: 158, pl. 39, fig. 10. Cythara vauquelini (Payraudeau, 1826) — Orlando & Palazzi 1985: 44, pl. 8, figs. 134-136. Mangelia vauquelini (Payraudeau, 1826) — Bouchet 1990: 71, fig. 1c. Mangelia vauquelini (Payraudeau, 1826) — Poppe & Goto 1991: 171, pl. 35, fig. 16. Mangelia vauquelini (Payraudeau, 1826) — Chirli 1997: 72-73, pl. 21, figs. 3-4. Mangelia vauquelini (Payraudeau, 1826) — Cachia et al. 2001: 57-58, pl. 8, fig. 11. Mangelia vauquelini (Payraudeau, 1826) — Delamotte & Vardala-Theodorou 2001: 236, Turridae fig. 2. Mangelia vauquelini (Payraudeau, 1826) — Repetto et al. 2005: 210, fig. 852. Mangelia vauquelini (Payraudeau, 1826) — Cecalupo et al. 2008, pl. 68, figs. 3a-b. Mangelia vauquelini (Payraudeau, 1826) — Chirli & Linse 2011: 185, pl. 67, fig.1. Mangelia vauquelini (Payraudeau, 1826) —Hernández et al. 2011: 228, figs. 67A-B. Mangelia vauquelini (Payraudeau, 1826) —Özţrk 2021: 257, fig. 18A-E. Pseudomangelia vauquelini (Payraudeau, 1827) — Spada et al., 2023: 38, fig. 20. Pseudomangelia vauquelini (Payraudeau, 1826) —Landau et al. 2023: xx, figs. xx. non Pleurotoma Vauquelini Pay. —Ĥrnes 1854: 378, pl. 40, figs. 18a-c [= nom. nov. Mangelia pumilio Brusina, 1871]. non Pleurotoma Vauquelini ? Pay.—Pereira da Costa 1867: 235, pl. 28, fig. 5. Santa Maria material. Two specimens from Feteirinhas (= Ponta das Salinas), size unknown, Santa Maria Island, Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene, not illustrated. Discussion. Pseudomangelia vauquelini (Payraudeau, 1826) is characterised by its solid, squat, biconic profile, paucispiral protoconch and teleoconch whorls which are angular at the shoulder and have strong broad axial ribs. Mayer (1864: 68) records two specimens from Feteirinhas (= Ponta das Salinas). We cannot confirm its presence in the Azorean assemblages. Chirli (1997: 73) recorded it from the Upper Miocene Tortonian of Montegibbio (Italy). This and other unillustrated records from the Miocene (e.g., Doderlein 1864; Mayer 1864; Bardin 1882) are excluded pending confirmation. For full discussion see Scarponi & Della Bella (2010). Distribution. Lower Pliocene: Atlantic, Santa Maria Island (fide Mayer 1864); central Mediterranean, Italy (Chirli 1997; Scarponi & Della Bella 2010). Upper Pliocene: western Mediterranean, Estepona Basin, Spain (Landau et al. 2023); central Mediterranean, Italy (Brugnone 1862; Bellardi 1877; Sacco 1904; Malatesta 1974; Cavallo & Repetto 1992; Scarponi & Della Bella 2010; Brunetti & Cresti 2018). Lower Pleistocene: central Mediterranean, Italy (Cerulli-Irelli 1910). Present-day: Madeira (Segers et al. 2009), Selvagens (Albuquerque et al. 2009) and Canary Islands (Nordsieck & García-Talavera 1979), Morocco (Spada et al. 2023) western Mediterranean (Bucquoy et al. 1883), central Mediterranean (Bogi et al., 1979, Cachia et al. 2001), eastern Mediterranean (Özţrk 2021), whole Mediterranean (Spada et al, 2023)., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on pages 87-88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Payraudeau, B. C. (1826) Catalogue descriptif et Methodique des annelides et des mollusques de l'i ˆ le de Corse. s. n., Paris, 218 pp.","Philippi, R. A. (1836) Enumeratio molluscorum siciliae cum viventium tum in tellure tertiaria fossilium quae in itinere suo observavit auctor. Schropp, Berlin, XIV + 268 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 100735","Reeve, L. A. (1846) Monograph of the genus Mangelia. In: Reeve, L. & Co. (Eds.), Conchologia Iconica, or, illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals. V ol. 3. Reeve, London. [unknown pagination]","Mayer, K. (1864). Die Tertiar-fauna der Azoren und Madeiren. Zurich, published by the author. Z ¸ rich: vi + 107 pp. + 7 pls.","Kobelt, W. (1905) Iconographie der schalentragende europa ¨ ischen Meeresconchylien. Fischer, Cassel, Wiesbaden, 133 pp.","Cerulli-Irelli, S. (1910) Fauna Malacologica Mariana Parte Quarta. Scaphopoda: - Dentalidae. Gastropoda: - Stenogyridae, Gadiniidae, Acteonidae, Tornatinidae, Scaphandridae, Bullidae, Ringiculidae, Philinidae, Umbrellidae, Conidae, Pleurotomidae. Palaeontographia Italica, 16, 23 - 70 (215 - 262), pls. 3 - 6 (34 - 37).","Paulus, M. & Mars, P. (1941) Guide Malacologique des environs de Marseille. Deuxieme Partie. Cataloque des principaux Mollusques Marins du Golfe du Marseille. Bulletin du museum d'histoire naturelle, Marseille, 3, 227 - 247.","Nordsieck, F. (1968) Die europa ¨ ischen Meeres-Geha ¨ useschnecken (Prosobranchia). Vom Eismeer bis Kapverden und Mittelmeer. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, VIII + 273 pp.","Nordsieck, F. (1977) The Turridae of the European seas. La Piramide, Roma, 131 pp.","Bogi, C., Coppini, M. & Margelli, A. (1979) Revisione della Malacofauna del Mar Tirreno Centrale. La Conchiglia, 9 (126 / 127), 6 - 8.","Nordsieck, F. & Garcia-Talavera, F. (1979) Moluscos marinTos de Canarias y Madeira (Gastropoda). Aula de Cultura de Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 208 pp.","Orlando, V. E. & Palazzi, S. (1985) Malacofauna del Golfo do Castellamare (Sicilia NO). Naturalista Siciliano, Series IV, 9 (1 / 4), 29 - 78.","Bouchet, P. (1990) Turrid genera and mode of development: the use and abuse of protoconch morphology. Malacologia, 32, 69 - 77.","Poppe, G. T. & Goto, Y. (1991) European seashells. 1. Polyplacophora, Caudofoveata, Solenogastra, Gastropoda. Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 352 pp.","Chirli, C. (1997) Malacofauna Pliocenica Toscana. Vol. 1. Superfamiglia Conoidea. Chirli, C., Firenze, 129 pp., 29 pls.","Cachia, C., Mifsud, C. & Sammut, P. M. (2001) The Marine Mollusca of the Maltese Islands Part Three Sub-Class Prosobranchia to Sub-Class Pulmonata, Order Basommatophora. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 266 pp.","Delamotte, M. & Vardala-Theodorou, E. (2001) Shells from the Greek Seas. The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Kifissia, 323 pp.","Repetto, G., Orlando, F. & Arduino, G. (2005) Conchiglie del Mediterraneo. Amici del Museo Federico Eusebio, Alba, 392 pp.","Cecalupo, A., Buzzurro, G. & Mariani, M. (2008) Contributo alla conoscenza della malacofauna del Golfo di Gabe`s (Tunisia). Quaderni della Civica Stazione Idrobiologica di Milano, 31, 1 - 175.","Chirli, C. & Linse, U. (2011) The Pleistocene marine Gastropods of Rhodes Island (Greece). Grafiche PDB, Tavarnelle V. P., Firenze, 262 pp., 90 pls.","Spada, G., Sabelli, B. & Giannuzzi-Savelli, R. (2023) Mangelia Risso, 1826 and allied genera in the Mediterranean with the description of a new genus and three new species (Gastropoda, Mangeliidae). Bollettino Malacologico, 59, 1 - 53. https: // doi. org / 10.53559 / BollMalacol. 2022.06","Brusina, S. (1871) Saggio della malacologia Adriatica. Bullettino Malacologico Italiano, 4, 5 - 9.","Doderlein, P. (1864) Cenni geologici intorno la giacitura dei terreni miocenini superiori dell'Italia centrale. Atti del X Congresso degli Scienziati Italiani, Siena, 1864, 83 - 107. [also published as a separate of 25 pp; Petit and Harasewych, 1990, cite 1863]","Bardin, A. (1882) Etudes paleontologiques sur les terrains tertiaires Miocenes du Departement de Maine-et-Loire. Memoires de la Societe Nationale d'Agriculture, Sciences et Arts d'Angers, 23, 1 - 115. [1881]","Scarponi, D. & Della Bella, G. (2010) Molluschi marini del Plio-Pleistocene dell'Emilia-Romagna e della Toscana. Conoidea I. 3. Conidae. 2. Sottofamiglia Mangeliinae. 1. Museo Geologico Giovanni Capellini, Bologna, 128 pp.","Brugnone, G. A. (1862) Memoria sopra alcuni pleurotomi fossili dei dintorni di Palermo. Lao, F., Palermo, 41 pp.","Bellardi, L. (1877) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 2. Gasteropoda (Pleurotomidae). Stamperia Reale, Torino, 364 pp., 9 pls. [also published in Memorie della Reale Accademia di Torino, Series 2, 29, 1 - 364]","Sacco, F. (1904) I Molluschi dei terreni terziari del Piemonte e della Liguria. 30. Aggiunte e correzioni. Considerazioni generali. Indice generale dell'opera (con 1400 figure). Carlo Clausen, Torino, xxxvi + 203 pp., 31 pls.","Malatesta, A. (1974) Malacofauna pliocenica Umbra. Memorie per Servire alla Carta Geologica d'Italia, 13, 1 - 498.","Cavallo, O. & Repetto, G. (1992) Conchiglie fossili del Roero. Atlante iconografico. Associazione Naturalistica Piemontese Memorie (Associazione Amici del Museo ' Federico Eusebio'), 2, 1 - 251.","Brunetti, M. M. & Cresti, M. (2018) I fossili di Orciano Pisano. Atlante iconografico. Edizioni Danaus, Palermo, 232 pp.","Segers, W., Swinnen, F. & de Prins, R. (2009) Marine molluscs of Madeira. The living marine molluscs of the Province of Madeira (Madeira and Selvagens Archipelago). Snoeck Publishers, Gent, 611 pp.","Albuquerque, M., Borges, J. P. & Calado, G. (2009) Moluscos marinhos - Atlas das Ilhas Selvagens. Direc \" o Regional do Ambiente, Funchal, 309 pp."]}

Genus Cerithiopsis Forbes & Hanley, 1850 Type species. Murex tubercularis Montagu, 1803 (Forbes & Hanley 1850: pl. OO), by monotypy. Present-day, British Isles., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Forbes, E. & Hanley, S. C. (1850) A History of British Mollusca and their Shells. Vol. II. Lamellibranchs, Gastropodes. Van Voorst, London, pp. 481 - 557.","Montagu, G. (1803) Testacea britannica, or natural history of British shells, marine, land and the fresh water, including the most minute: systematically arranged and embellished with figures. Romsey, London, XXXVII + 606 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 33927"]}

Thericium hartungi (Mayer, 1862) Plate 1 G 1 -G 2 * Cerithium Hartungi Mayer, in Bronn in Reiss 1862: 30, pl. 1, fig. 11. Cerithium Hartungi Bronn [sic] in Reiss— Mayer 1864: 65, pl. 6, fig. 44 (47 in text; lapsus). Type material. Single specimens, height 29.0 mm, width 13.0 mm, Pinheiros, Santa Maria Island, Azores; whereabouts unknown (Beu 2017: 165). Original description. “ Eine nur unvollkommen erhaltene, aber durch ihre k̂rnelige Spiralstreifung ausgezeichnete Art. Es sind nur die 10 ersten Windungen eines einzigen Exemplars vorhanden, die in Ganzen einen regelmässigen, etwas ̧ber 1" langen Kegel vorstellen, der von genau halb so dick als lang ist. Die Umgänge sind eben und durch eine gerundet treppige Aufwulstung nach der Naht hin selbst etwas in der Mitte vertieft. Die ganze Oberfläche des letzten Umganges ist mit kaum sichtbaren Spiralstreifen bedeck, welche auch auf den fŗheren Umgängen bereits verschwunden sind. Vor (oder unter) der vertieften Mitte zeigen sich jedoch ausserdem zuerst 1-2 deutlichere einfache Spiral-Streifen und dann 6 fein Perlschnur-artig gek̂rnte, von welchen nur die erste noch etwas hinter der Naht auf allen Umgängen verfolgt werden kann, während die Naht selbst auf der zweiten verläuft und dadurch ein sehr fein-welliges Ansehen bekommt. Die 2 letzten setzen in die M̧ndung fort. (Der äussre Mund-Rand fehlt; der Kanal an dessen Grunde mag ziemlich längsläufig gewesen seyn.) [A single imperfectly preserved specimen but distinguished by its granular spiral sculpture. Only the first 10 whorls of a single specimen, a little over 1" [inch?] represents a regular cone, which is exactly half as wide as it is long. The whorls are slightly stepped, rounded just below the suture, flattened and somewhat concave in the middle. The entire surface of the last whorl is covered with barely visible spirals, which have already disappeared on the earlier whorls. In front of (or below) the concave center, however, there are also first 1-2 clearer simple spirals and then 6 finely beaded ones, of which only the first can be followed slightly behind the suture on all whorls, while the suture runs into the second row of beads and becomes finely undulating. The last 2 continue into the aperture. (The outer edge of the aperture is missing; the canal at the bottom of which may have been rather long).]” (Bronn in Reiss 1862: 30). Latin description. “ Testa conico-turrita, apice acuta, crassa et solida; anfractibus 10, angustis, spiraliter sulcatis, medio subconcavis, ad suturam saepe tumescentibus, contabulatis, saepe subgranulosis, inferne seriebus granorum minutorum duabus ornatis; sulcis tenuibus, confertis, impressis; ultimo aufractu satis magno, basi subdepresso, seriebus granulorum 6, distantibus, instructo; apertura magna, rotundato-ovata.” (Mayer 1864: 65). Discussion. Mayer (1864: 65) compared the single specimen from Santa Maria Island to Cerithium varicosum Brocchi, 1814. The holotype is not complete, and it is missing the later teleoconch whorls and aperture. In its fine granulose sculpture, it is indeed most like Thericium varicosum, from the Pliocene to Lower Pleistocene Mediterranean, but in that species the fine spiral sculpture is not granulose, and varices run along the entire teleoconch. No varices are seen in the Azorean species. Moreover, in T. varicosum on intermediate and late teleoconch whorls, the central spiral becomes weakly tubercular. This does not occur in T. hartungi (Mayer, 1864), which is most like T. incultum (Mayer, 1862), but differs in having weakly granular spiral. No further specimens are at hand to further characterise the species. Distribution. Lower Pliocene, Santa Maria Island, Azores (Bronn in Reiss 1862; Mayer 1864)., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on pages 29-30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Reiss, W. (1862) Mittheilungen u ¨ ber die tertia ¨ ren Schichten von Santa Maria, der su ¨ dlichsten der Azoren, und ihre organischen Einschlu ¨ sse. Nebst Beschreibung dieser letzten und Abbildung der neuen Arten, von H. G. Bronn. Neues Jahrbuch fu ¨ r Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefactunkunde, 1862, 1 - 48.","Mayer, K. (1864). Die Tertiar-fauna der Azoren und Madeiren. Zurich, published by the author. Z ¸ rich: vi + 107 pp. + 7 pls.","Beu, A. G. (2017) Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae). Records of the Australian Museum, 69, 119 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 2201 - 4349.69.2017.1666","Brocchi, G. (1814) s. n. In: Conchiologia fossile subapennina, con osservazioni geologiche sugli Apennini e sul suolo adiacente. Vols. 1 - 2. Stamperia Reale, Milano, pp. 1 - 240 & 241 - 712, 16 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11569"]}

Distorsio mcgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953 Plate 4 E 1 -E 3 Distorsio (Distorsio) decussatus simillimus (Sowerby) —Woodring (partim) 1928: 300, pl. 18, fig. 9, pl. 19, fig. 1. Distorsio constricta floridana Olsson & McGinty 1951: 27, pl. 1, figs. 5, 6, 9 (junior secondary homonym of Personella floridana Gardner, 1947, transferred to Distorsio by Emerson & Puffer, 1953). * Distorsio mcgintyi Emerson & Puffer 1953: 101 (replacement name for D. floridana Olsson & McGinty, 1951, preoccupied). Distorsio constricta macgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953 — Abbott 1954: 197, pl. 25z. Distorsio (Rhysema) mcgintyi Emerson & Puffer — Clench & Turner 1957: 240, pl. 132, figs. 9-10; pl. 134, figs. 1-5. Distorsio macgintyi — Parker 1960: 323, pl. 5, fig. 4. Distorsio mcgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953 — Warmke & Abbott 1961: 103, pl. 18, fig. c. Distorsio constricta macgintyi Emerson & Puffer — Lewis 1972, fig. 40. Distorsio (Rhysema) mcgintyi Emerson & Puffer — Kilias 1973: 204, fig. 146. Distorsio macgintyi Emerson & Puffer — Morris 1973: 185, pl. 50, fig. 8. Distorsio constricta macgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953 — Abbott 1974: 166, fig. 1771. Distorsio constricta macgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953 — Rios 1975: 80, pl. 22, fig. 328. Distorsio macgintyi Emerson & Puffer 1953 — Humfrey 1975: 125, pl. 14, fig. 2, 2a. Distorsio constricta macgintyi Emerson & Puffer — Laursen 1981: 27, fig. 43. Distorsio (Rhysema) constricta mcgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953 — Coelho et al. 1981: 132, fig. 14. Distorsio constricta macgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953 — Rios 1985: 78, pl. 28, fig. 341. Distorsio constricta macgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953 — Parth 1989a: 52, centre right fig. Distorsio macgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953 — Parth 1989b: 8, bottom left fig. Distorsio macgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953 — Lipe & Abbott 1991: 14, illus. Distorsio macgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1952 [sic]— Henning & Hemmen 1993: 143, pl. 28, fig. 4. Distorsio mcgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953 — Díaz & Puyana 1994: 172, fig. 648. Distorsio constricta macgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953 — Rios 1994: 91, pl. 30, fig. 359. Distorsio constricta macgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953 — Kronenberg 1994: 70, text-fig. 10, pl. 1, fig. 3; pl. 2, fig. 7. Distorsio constricta macgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953 — Pointier & Lamy 1998: 99, figure. Distorsio constricta (Broderip, 1833) —Beu 2001: 712, fig. 1.9 (non Triton constrictus Broderip, 1833). Distorsio mcgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953 — Lee 2009: 84, fig. 408. Distorsio constricta macgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953 — Rios 2009: 165, fig. 394. Distorsio mcgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953 — Beu 2010: 92, pl. 13, figs. 2-3, 6-8; pl. 17, figs. 6, 8; pl. 18, figs. 1-2, 4-5, 7-9; pl. 19, figs. 1, 4. Distorsio mcgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953 — Landau & Silva 2010: 57, pl. 11, figs. 9-10. Santa Maria material examined. Maximum height 31.0 mm, width 18.0 mm. DBUA-F 1189-1 (1), Pedra-que-pica, Santa Maria, Azores, Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene. Revised description. See Beu (2010: 92). Discussion. Distorsio mcgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953 is a member of a group of strongly distorted Distorsio species including also Distorsio constricta (Broderip, 1833), Distorsio jenniernestae Emerson & Piech, 1992 and Distorsio minoruohnishii Parth, 1989. Distorsio mcgintyi has the most distorted shell of this group. For full discussion and comparison see Beu (2010). This is the first record of the species outside the western Atlantic area, and it is interesting to record that in the early Pliocene the range of D. mcgintyi extended to include the Azores Archipelago. The rest of the Santa Maria assemblage has a more strongly Mediterranean character but the typical Pliocene Mediterranean D. cancellina (Lamarck, 1803) is easily separated by its less distorted spire and more rounded last whorl. Therefore, three Tonnoidean species are shared in common with the Tropical West Atlantic: D. mcgintyi, Monoplex comptum (A. Adams, 1855), and Aspa marginata (Gmelin, 1791). Distribution. Lower Miocene: Kendace Siltstone, Carriacou (Beu 2010); Baitoa Formation, Dominican Republic (Beu 2010); Cantaure Formation, Venezuela (Beu 2010). Middle Miocene: Carriacou, Grenadine Islands (Beu 2010); Mayo River, Trinidad (Beu 2010). Upper Miocene: Cercado Formation, Dominican Republic (Beu 2010); Gatun Formation, Panama (Beu 2010); Mataruca Member of Caujarao Formation, El Carrizal, Venezuela (Beu 2010). Lower Pliocene: Araya Formation, Cubagua Island, Venezuela (Landau & Silva 2010); Punta Gavilán Formation, Falcón, Venezuela (Beu 2010); Bocas del Toro, Panama (Beu 2010); Gurabo Formation, Dominican Republic (Beu 2010); Atlantic, Santa Maria Island, Azores (this paper). Lower-Upper Pliocene: Cayo Agua and Shark Hole Point Formations, Bocas del Toro, Panama (Beu 2010); Bowden Formation, Jamaica (Woodring 1928 (partim), as D. decussatus simillimus; Robinson, 1991). Upper Pliocene: Agueguexquite Formation, Mexico (Beu 2010). Lower Pleistocene: Moin Formation, Puerto Limon, Costa Rica (Beu 2010). Upper Pleistocene: Swan Cay Formation, Bocas del Toro, Panama (Beu 2010). Recent: Western Atlantic, from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, Florida and Bermuda to southernmost Brazil, and possibly further south (Beu 2010)., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on page 63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Emerson, W. K. & Puffer, E. L. (1953) A catalogue of the molluscan genus Distorsio (Gastropoda, Cymatiidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 66, 93 - 108.","Olsson, A. A. & McGinty, T. L. (1951) A Distorsio new to the Florida fauna. The Nautilus, 65 (1), 26 - 28.","Gardner, J. A. (1947) The molluscan fauna of the Alum Bluff Group of Florida. Part VIII. Ctenobranchia (remainder), Aspidobranchia, and Scaphopoda. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 142 H, 493 - 656. https: // doi. org / 10.3133 / pp 142 H","Abbott, R. T. (1954) American Seashells. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, New York, xiv + 541 pp., 40 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7471","Clench, W. J. & Turner, R. D. (1957) The family Cymatiidae in the western Atlantic. Johnsonia, 3, 189 - 244.","Parker, R. H. (1960) Ecology and distributional patterns of marine Macro-invertebrates, northern Gulf of Mexico. In: Shepard, F. P., Phleger, F. B. & van Andel, T. H. (Eds.), Recent sediments, Northwest Gulf of Mexico. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, pp. 302 - 337. https: // doi. org / 10.1306 / SV 21353 C 11","Warmke, L. G. & Abbott, R. T. (1961) Caribbean seashells. A guide to the marine mollusks of Puerto Rico and other West Indian islands, Bermuda and the lower Florida Keys. Livingston Publishing, Narberth, Pennsylvania, x + 348 pp.","Lewis H. (1972) Notes on the genus Distorsio (Cymatiidae) with descriptions of new species. The Nautilus, 86 (2 / 4), 27 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 13277","Kilias, R. (1973) Gastropoda / Prosobranchia Cymatiidae. Das Tierreich 92, Berlin Lieferung, 235 pp.","Morris, P. A. (1973) A Field Guide to Shells of the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts and the West Indies. Third Edition. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachusetts, XXVIII + 330 pp.","Abbott, R. T. (1974) American Seashells. 2 nd Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, New York, 663 pp., 24 pls.","Rios, E. C. (1975) Brazilian marine mollusks iconography. Fundac ¸ aTo Cidade do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 331 pp.","Humfrey, M. (1975) Sea Shells of the West Indies. Collins, London, 351 pp.","Laursen, D. (1981). Taxonomy and distribution of teleplanic prosobranch larvae in the North Atlantic. Dana-Report, 89, 1 - 43.","Coelho, A. C. dos Santos, Matthews, H. R. & Leal, J. H. N. (1981) Superfamilia Tonnacea do Brasil. VI - Familia Cymatiidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 56, 111 - 136.","Rios, E. C. (1985) Seashells of Brazil. Museu Oceanograifico, Fundac ¸ aTo Universidade do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 328 pp.","Parth, M. (1989 a) Brief notes on the genus Distorsio Roeding 1798 and description of a new species. La Conchiglia, 21, 233 - 236.","Parth, M. (1989 b) More about the complex of Distorsio constricta and description of Distorsio minoruohnishii n. sp. La Conchiglia, 21, 246 - 249.","Lipe, R. E. & Abbott, R. T. (1991) Living Shells of the Caribbean and Florida Keys. Malacologists Inc., Melbourne, Florida, 80 pp.","Henning, T. & Hemmen, J. (1993) Ranellidae and Personidae of the world. Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 263 pp.","Diaz, J. M. & Puyana, M. (1994) Moluscos del Caribe Colombiano. Un catalogo ilustrado. 1 ed. Colciencias Fundacion Natura INVEMAR, Bogota, 291 pp.","Rios, E. C. (1994) Seashells of Brazil. 2 nd Edition. Museu Oceanografico, Fundacao Universidade do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 368 pp.","Kronenberg, G. C. (1994) A review of the Personidae Gray, 1854, with the description of Distorsio ventricosa spec. nov. / Een overzicht van de Personidae Gray, 1854, met de beschrijving van Distorsio ventricosa spec. nov. (Molusca: Gastropoda). Vita Marina, 42 (3), 57 - 103.","Pointier, J. P. & Lamy, D. (1998) Guide des coquillages des Antilles. PLB Editions, Guadeloupe, 225 pp.","Broderip, W. J. (1833) Characters of new species of Mollusca and Conchifera, collected by Mr. Cuming. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1, 4 - 8.","Lee, H. G. (2009). Marine shells of Northeast Florida. Jacksonville Shell Club, Jacksonville, Florida, 204 pp.","Rios, E. C. (2009) Compendium of Brazilian seashells. Evangraf, Rio Grande, 676 pp.","Beu, A. G. (2010) Neogene tonnoidean gastropods of tropical and South America: contributions to the Dominican Republic and Panama Paleontology Projects and uplift of the Central American Isthmus. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 377 - 378, 1 - 550.","Landau, B. M. & Silva, C. M. da (2010) Early Pliocene gastropods of Cubagua, Venezuela: taxonomy, palaeobiogeography and ecostratigraphy. Palaeontos, 10, 1 - 221.","Emerson, W. K. & Piech, B. J. (1992) Remarks on Distorsio constricta (Broderip, 1833) and related species in the eastern Pacific Ocean, with the description of a new species (Gastropoda: Personidae). The Veliger, 35 (2), 105 - 116.","Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. (1803) Suite des me´moires sur les fossiles des environs de Paris. Annales du Muse´um National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 2, 217 - 227.","Adams, A. (1855) Monographs of the genera Eulima, Niso, Leiostraca, Obeliscus, Pyramidella, and Monoptygma. In: Sowerby, G. B. II (Eds.), Thesaurus conchyliorum, or monographs of genera of shells. Vol. 2. Sowerby, G. B., London, pp. 793 - 825.","Gmelin, J. F. (1791) Caroli a Linnei systema natura per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, disserentis, synonymis, locis etc. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata, cura J. F. Gmelin. 1 (6). Vermes testacea. G. E. Beer, Lipsiae, pp. 3021 - 4120.","Woodring, W. P. (1928) Miocene mollusks from Bowden, Jamaica. 2. Gastropods and discussion of results. Carnegie Institution of Washington DC, Washington, 564 pp.","Robinson, D. G. (1991) The systematics and paleoecology of the prosobranch Gastropods of the Pleistocene Moiin Formation of Costa Rica. PhD dissertation, Tulane University, 748 pp."]}

Bittium miradouroense nov. sp. Plate 1 J 1 -J 2, K 1 -K 2 Type material. Holotype DBUA-F 1034-5, height 6.8 mm, width 1.9 mm (Plate 1 J 1 -J 2), with two paratypes DBUAF 1034-6(1) (Plate 1 K 1 -K 2), DBUA-F 1034-6 (2), height 5.3 mm, width 1.9 mm, Macela viewpoint, Santa Maria Island, Azores. Other material. Maximum height 6.8 mm, width 1.9 mm. DBUA-F 1034-5 (33), Miradouro da Macela, Santa Maria Island, Azores, Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene. Type locality. Miradouro da Macela, Santa Maria Island, Azores. Type stratum. Touril Complex. Age. Lower Pliocene, Zanclean. Etymology. Named after the viewpoint (miradouro) de Macela. Bittium gender neuter. Diagnosis. Shell of medium size for genus, ten initially straight sided, later weakly convex teleoconch whorls, separated by deep suture, sculpture of broad rounded ribs, crenulating adapical suture, spiral sculpture weak, two peribasal cords. Description. Shell small, turriculate, with tall, slender spire apical angle about 23°. Protoconch not well preserved (see intraspecific variation below). Teleoconch of ten initially straight sided, later weakly convex whorls separated by a narrow, deeply impressed, undulating suture. Sculpture of broad rounded, slightly opisthocline to orthocline ribs, about 12 on penultimate whorl, extending between suture and crenulating abapical suture. Last two whorls with one or two varices per whorl. Spiral sculpture weak, possibly four low flattened cords on spire whorls. Axial sculpture predominant, without tubercles produced at intersections. Last whorl weakly convex, strongly constricted at base; base delimited by two peribasal cords, the lower one stronger, three further weak cords over base. Aperture subquadrate, outer lip simple, columella excavated mid-whorl inside filled with matrix. Intraspecific variation. Within the specimens from Macela viewpoint there is some variability as to the number of ribs and the number and strength of the spiral cords. Specimens from Ponta do Castelo look a little different in having slightly fewer ribs and the spiral sculpture is present on the first four teleoconch whorls and rapidly fades on the later whorls, except for one strong cord, just above the suture. These differences may be accentuated by the different preservation: the specimens from Macela viewpoint are calcitic pseudomorphs, whereas those from Ponta do Castelo have a decalcified surface and are therefore decorticated. We provisionally consider all these specimens conspecific. The protoconch in one of the Ponta do Castelo specimens, although poorly preserved, seems non-planktotrophic, of possibly 2-2.5 smooth convex whorls. Discussion. Bittium miradouroense nov. sp. is characterized by its broad rounded axial ribs that crenulate the suture and weak spiral sculpture that does not form tubercles over the ribs. This is a very distinctive species that cannot be usefully compared with any extant European species. Bittium watsoni (Jeffreys, 1885), from deep waters of the Iberian Peninsula southwards to Senegal including the Canary Islands is similar in having wide, rounded ribs and weak spiral sculpture but, in that species, the ribs fade on the mid-spire whorl so that the last three whorls are smooth, or almost so, and the spiral sculpture is even weaker. Distribution. Lower Pliocene: Atlantic, Santa Maria Island, Azores (this paper)., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on pages 31-32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Jeffreys, J. G. (1885) On the Mollusca procured during the ' Lightning' and ' Porcupine' expeditions, 1868 - 70 (Part IX). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1885, 27 - 63, pls. 4 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1885. tb 02885. x"]}

Fusinus sp.? Plate 4 L Santa Maria material examined. Maximum height 51.0 mm, width 2.4 mm. One specimen from LNEG collection (unnumbered), Ponta do Norte lighthouse, Santa Maria Island, Azores, Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene. Description. Shell large, solid, fusiform, with moderate height conical spire. Protoconch missing. Six convex teleoconch whorls preserved. Surface on first four whorls eroded. Penultimate whorl convex, with periphery mid-whorl and suggestion of weak spiral sculpture. Last whorl broadly convex moderately constricted at base, with broad long siphonal fasciole; fine spiral sculpture above base, strong spiral cord on fasciole. Aperture ovate, outer lip incomplete, but without sign of labial varix. Discussion. A single large specimen in the LNEG collection with dorsum embedded in matrix, labelled Euthria af. magna Bellardi from Ponta do Norte lighthouse, is, in our opinion, not a Euthria Gray, 1850 (Superfamily Buccinoidea) based on its very broad siphonal fasciole that is not recurved, as it is in the genus Euthria. The siphonal canal and tip of the fasciole are covered in matrix so we cannot confirm if the fasciole curves around a pseudoumbilicus as it does in many Fusinus species. Moreover, the outer lip is not thickened as it is in the genus Euthria. We have assigned it the subfamily Fusininae Wrigley, 1927, genus Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815 tentatively, as we cannot match it to any European or West African fossil or extant species. However, it is somewhat reminiscent of another odd species, Fusinus clavilithoides Landau, Harzhauser, B ̧y̧kmeriç & Breitenberger, 2016 from the middle Miocene eastern Mediterranean Karaman Basin of Turkey but differs in having strong cords on the siphonal fasciole, lacking in the Turkish species. In their discussion, Landau et al. (2016: 223) considered the subfamily Peristerniinae Tryon, 1880 for their Turkish specimen, but members of that subfamily have columellar folds. The columellar edge is only partially exposed in the Santa Maria specimen but no signs of folds are seen. Distribution. Lower Pliocene: Atlantic: Santa Maria Island, Azores (this paper)., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on page 70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Gray, J. E. (1850) Figures of molluscous animals selected from various authors. Etched for the use of students by M. E. Gray. Vol. 4. Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans, London, IV + 219 pp.","Wrigley, A. G. (1927) Notes on the English Eocene Mollusca with description of new species. II The Fusinidae. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 17 (5 - 6), 216 - 249.","Rafinesque, C. S. (1815) Analyse de la nature ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organiseis. Rafinesque, Palermo, 223 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 106607","Landau, B. M., Harzhauser, M., B ¸ y ¸ kmeric, Y. & Breitenberger, A. (2016) Additions to the gastropods of the middle Miocene (Serravallian) Karaman Basin, Turkey. Cainozoic Research, 16 (2), 221 - 229.","Tryon Jr., G. W. (1880) Tritonidae, Fusidae, Buccinidae. Manual of conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. 3. Tritonidae, Fusidae, Buccinidae. G. W. Tyron, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 310 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10543"]}

Calyptraea chinensis (Linnaeus, 1758) Plate 3 F * Patella chinensis — Linnaeus 1758: 1257. Calyptraea chinensis Linn. — Wood 1848: 159, pl. 18, fig. 1. Calyptraea laevigata Eichwald 1852: 2, pl. 6, fig. 14. Calyptr. laevigata Lam. (non Desh.)— Eichwald 1853: 143. Caliptraea [sic] Mamillaris Millet 1854: 165. Calyptraea Chinensis Linn. —Ĥrnes 1856: 632, pl. 50, figs. 17-18. Caliptraea [sic] mamillaris Millet 1864: 680 (non Broderip, 1834). Calyptraea chinensis Linné, 1766 [sic]—Brébion 1864: 313. Calyptraea chinensis Linné — Fischer 1866: 250. Calyptraea sinensis L.— Nyst 1878, pl. 7, fig. 10. Calyptraea chinensis var. muricata Brocchi — Fontannes 1879: 205, pl. 11, fig. 10. Calyptraea sinensis Lin. — Nyst 1882: 115. Calyptraea chinensis Linné, sp.— Bucquoy et al. 1882: 456, pl. 55, figs. 1-7. Calyptraea chinensis (L.) — Sacco 1896b: 29, pl. 4, figs. 6-13. Calypraea Chinensis Lin. — Schaffer 1912: 168, pl. 54, figs. 20, 21. Calyptraea chinensis L.sp.— Cerulli-Irelli 1914: 210, pl. 18, figs. 1-11. Calyptraea chinensis Linné —Cossmann & Peyrot 1919: 475, pl. 13, figs. 9-12. Calyptraea chinensis (Linné) —Harmer 1921: 772, pl. 61, figs. 19-22. Calyptraea chinensis Lam. [sic]—Friedberg 1923: 417, pl. 25, fig.8. Calyptraea chinensis taurostriatellata Sacco, 1896 — Glibert 1949: 204, pl. 12, fig. 16. Calyptraea chinensis Linné —Nicklès 1950: 73, fig. 98. Calyptraea chinensis Linné — Zbyszewski 1959: 90, pl. 10, figs. 15, 20, 24. Calyptraea (Calyptraea) chinensis (Linnaeus, 1766) —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 123, pl. 34, fig. 2. Calytraea (C.) chinensis (L.)— Venzo & Pelosio 1963: 80, pl. 34, fig. 35. Calyptraea chinensis (Linne 1758) — Anderson 1964: 223, pl. 18, fig. 145. Calyptraea chinensis Linné, sp. 1766— Brébion 1964: 313, pl. 7, figs. 27-28. Calyptraea chinensis Linné, 1766 — Strausz 1966: 209, pl. 77, figs. 1-2. Calyptraea (Calyptraea) chinensis (Linné, 1758) — Palla 1967: 954, pl. 71, fig. 12. Calyptraea chinensis (Linné, 1766 [sic])— Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 174, pl. 41, figs. 17, 18. Calyptraea (Calyptraea) chinensis (Linné, 1758) — Malatesta 1974: 228, pl. 18, fig. 4. Calyptraea chinensis Linné — Fekih 1975: 59, pl. 21, figs. 10-11. Calyptraea (s.s.) chinensis (Linne 1766) — Martinell 1979: 115, pl. 2, figs. 11-12. Calyptraea chinensis (Linnaeus 1758) — Fretter & Graham 1981: 314, figs. 229-231. Calyptraea (Calyptraea) chinensis (Linné, 1758) — Janssen 1984: 187, pl. 8, fig. 1, pl. 52, fig. 7. Calyptraea chinensis (Linneo, 1758) — Chirli 1988: 17, pl. 1, fig. 18. Calyptraea (Calyptraea) chinensis (Linne, 1758) —González Delgado 1988: 122, pl. 2, figs. 1-3. Calyptraea chinensis (Linnaeus, 1758) — Poppe & Goto 1991: 114, pl. 16, figs. 4-5. Calyptraea chinensis (L., 1758)— Cavallo & Repetto 1992: 60, fig. 104. Calyptraea (Calyptraea) chinensis (Linné, 1758) — Iljina 1993: 57, pl. 6, fig. 11. Calyptraea (Calyptraea) chinensis (Linnaeus, 1766) — Ba&lstrok;uk 1995: 174, pl. 3, figs. 3-5. Calyptraea chinensis (Linné, 1758) — Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. 1997: 140, figs. 604-612. Calyptraea chinensis (Linné, 1758) — Marquet 1997b: 70, pl. 1, fig. 3. Calyptraea chinensis (Linné, 1758) — Solsona 1998: 181, pl. 9, figs. 8-11. Calyptraea (Calyptraea) chinensis taurostriatella Sacco — Schultz 1998: 60, pl. 23, fig. 3. Calyptraea chinensis (Linnaeus, 1758) — Silva 2001: 205, pl. 8, figs. 1-6. Calyptraea chinensis (Linnaeus, 1758) — Landau et al. 2004a: 70, pl. 15, fig. 3. Calyptraea chinensis (Linnaeus, 1758) — Landau et al. 2011, p 14, pl. 4, fig. 9. Calyptraea chinensis (Linnaeus, 1758) — Chirli & Linse 2011: 61, pl. 14, fig. 2. Calyptraea chinensis (Linnaeus, 1758) — Landau et al. 2013: 95, pl. 9, fig. 7, pl. 61, fig. 6. Calyptraea chinensis (Linnaeus, 1758) — Van Dingenen et al. 2016: 121, pl. 4, fig. 1. Calyptraea chinensis (Linnaeus, 1758) —Brunetti & Vecchi 2016: 71, pl. 3, fig. A-G. Calyptraea chinensis (Linnaeus, 1758) — Brunetti & Cresti 2018: 52, fig.139. Calyptraea chinensis (Linnaeus, 1758) —Landau et al. 2020: 316, pl. 147, fig. 1. Calyptraea chinensis (Linnaeus, 1758) — Boschele et al. 2021: 19, pl. 11, fig. 10, pl. 18, fig. 10. Calyptraea chinensis (Linnaeus, 1758) — Brunetti 2022, p. 32, fig. 25. Santa Maria material examined. Maximum diameter 18.0 mm. DBUA-F 926-1 (1), Malbusca 2 (internal mould), Santa Maria Island, Azores, Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene. Description. It is not possible based on the Azorean material. For description of fossil specimens see Landau et al. (2004a: 71). Discussion. As discussed by Landau et al. (2004a, 2013, 2020), this species has an extremely variable shell in both profile and sculpture. Having said this, the size and position of the protoconch varies between populations and it is possible that it represents a species complex rather than a single taxon (B. Landau pers. obs.). Either way, the Azorean material consist of a single internal mould, which we can be ascribed to the genus Calyptraea based on the oblique linear groove left by the internal septum, quite unlike the horse-shoe shaped septum of Cheilea species, which also occurs in the Azores and is the only species with which this could be confused. Distribution. Lower Miocene: Paratethys (Aquitanian): Vienna Basin, Austria (Schaffer 1912); Proto-Mediterranean (Burdigalian): Colli Torinesi, Italy (Sacco 1896b). Lower-Middle Miocene: NSB (late Burdigalian-Langhian): Belgium (Glibert 1952b), Germany (Anderson 1964), Netherlands (Janssen 1984). Middle Miocene: Atlantic (Langhian-Serravallian): Aquitaine Basin, France, (Cossmann & Peyrot 1919), (Langhian): Loire Basin, France (Glibert 1949); Paratethys (Langhian-Serravallian): Poland (Friedberg 1923; Ba&lstrok;uk 1975), Vienna Basin, Austria (Hörnes 1856; Schultz 1998), Bulgaria (Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960), Hungary (Strausz 1966), Ukraine (Zelinskaya et al. 1968), eastern Paratethys (Iljina 1993); Proto-Mediterranean (Burdigalian-Langhian): NE Spain (Solsona 1998), (Serravallian): Karaman Basin, Turkey (Fischer 1866; Landau et al. 2013). Upper Miocene: Upper Miocene: Atlantic (Tortonian): NW France (Brébion 1964; Landau et al. 2020), Cacela Basin, Portugal (Glibert 1963), Seville, southwestern Spain (Cárdenas et al. 2019); Proto-Mediterranean (Tortonian and Messinian): Italy (Sacco 1896b; Venzo & Pelosio 1963; Boschele et al. 2021). Lower Pliocene: NSB, Coralline Crag, England (Wood 1848; Harmer 1921), Belgium (Glibert 1958; Marquet 1998a); Atlantic, Santa Maria Island, Azores (this paper); NW France (Brébion 1964; Van Dingenen et al. 2016), Guadalquivir Basin, Spain (González-Delgado 1988; Landau et al. 2011; Brunetti 2022), Morocco (Lecointre 1952); NE Spain (Martinell 1979), Roussillon Basin, France (Fontannes 1879); central Mediterranean, Italy (Sacco 1896b; Palla 1967; Caprotti 1974; Brunetti & Cresti 2018), Tunisia (Fekih 1975). Upper Pliocene: NSB, Red Crag, England (Wood 1848; Harmer 1921), Belgium (Glibert 1958; Marquet 1998); Atlantic, Pombal Basin, Portugal (Silva 2001), Morocco (Lecointre 1952); western Mediterranean, Estepona Basin, Spain (Landau et al. 2004a); central Mediterranean, Italy (Malatesta 1974; Chirli 1988; Cavallo & Repetto 1992). Upper Pliocene-Pleistocene: NW France (Brébion 1964). Pleistocene: Atlantic, British Isles (Glibert 1963), Morocco (Lecointre 1952); central Mediterranean, Italy (Cerulli-Irelli 1912; Taviani et al. 1998; Brunetti & Vecchi 2016), Sicily (Glibert 1963); eastern Mediterranean (Chirli & Linse 2011). Present-day: northeastern Atlantic, British Isles to Zaire, Madeira and Canaries, Mediterranean, Black Sea (Poppe & Goto 1991)., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on pages 51-52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Wood, S. V. (1848) A Monograph of the Crag Mollusca or, descriptions of shells from the middle and upper tertiaries of the east of England. Part 1. Univalves. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society of London, 1, i - xii + 1 - 208, 21 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02693445.1847.12089320","Eichwald, E. (1852) Lethaea Rossica ou Pale´ontologie de la Russie. Explication des planches du troisie`me volume. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 4 pp., 14 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52391","Eichwald, E. (1853) Lethaea Rossica ou Pale´ontologie de la Russie. Troisie`me volume. Dernie`re pe´riode. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 533 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52391","Millet de la Turtaudie`re, P. A. (1854) Pale´ontologie de Maine-et-Loire. Cosnier et Lache`se, Angers, 187 pp.","Millet de la TurtaudieIre, P. A. (1864) Indicateur de Maine-et-Loire ou indications par commune de ce que chacune d'elles renferme. Vol. 1. Cosnier et LacheIse, Angers, 754 pp.","Linne, C. (1766) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Regnum Animale. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], 532 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 68927","Fischer, P. (1866) Faune tertiaire moyenne. In: de Tchihatcheff, P. (Eds.), Asie Mineure. Description physique de cette contreie. Paleiontologie, Faune Tertiaire Moyenne. L. Gueirin et Cie, Paris, pp. 235 - 317.","Nyst, P. H. (1878) Conchyliologie des terrains tertiaires de la Belgique. 1. Terrain Plioce`ne Scaldisien. Annales du Muse´e Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, se´rie Pale´ontologique, 3, pls. 1 - 28.","Fontannes, F. (1879 - 1880) Les inverte´bre´s du bassin tertiaire du Sud-Est de la France. Les mollusques plioce`nes de la Valle´edu Rho ˆ ne et du Roussillon. 1. Gaste´ropodes des formations marines et saumatres. Georg, Lyon & F. Savy, Paris, VIII + 276 pp., 12 pls. [pp. 1 - 76 published in 1879, remainder in 1880] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13209","Nyst, P. H. (1882) Conchyliologie des terrains tertiaires de la Belgique, 1. Terrain Plioce`ne Scaldisien. Annales du Muse´e Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, se´rie Pale´ontologique, 3, 1 - 263.","Bucquoy, F., Dautzenberg, P. & Dollfus, G. (1882 - 1886) Les mollusques marins du Roussillon. 1. Gastropodes, avec atlas de 66 planches photographeies d'apres nature. BaillieIre, J. B. & Dautzenberg, P., Paris, 570 pp., 66 pls. [pp. 1 - 84, pls. 1 - 10 (1882), pp. 85 - 196, pls. 11 - 20, (1883), pp. 197 - 342, pls. 21 - 40 (1884), pp. 343 - 418, pls. 41 - 50 (1885), pp. 419 - 570, pls. 51 - 66 (1886)]","Sacco, F. (1896 b) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 20. (Caecidae, Vermetidae, Phoridae, Calyptraeidae, Capulidae, Hipponycidae e Neritidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 66 pp., 5 pls.","Schaffer, F. X. (1912) Das Mioca ¨ n von Eggenburg. Die Fauna der ersten Mediterranstufe des Wiener Beckens und die geologischen Verha ¨ ltnisse der Umgebung des Manhartsberges in Niedero ¨ sterreich. Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Ko ¨ niglichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt, 22, 127 - 193.","Cerulli-Irelli, S. (1914) Fauna malacologica mariana Parte Settima. Melaniidae, Fossaridae, Solariidae, Rissoidae, Capulidae, Calyptraeidae, Xenophoridae, Lamellariidae, Naticidae, Scalidae, Aclisidae, Eulimidae, Pyramidellidae. Paleontographia Italica, 20, 183 - 277 (357 - 451), pls. 15 - 17 (47 - 49).","Glibert, M. (1949) Gastropodes du Miocene moyen du Bassin de la Loire. 1. Memoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 2 (30), 1 - 240.","Zbyszewski, G. (1959) Etude structurale de l'aire typhonique de Caldas da Rainha. Memorias dos Servicos Geologicos de Portugal, New Serie, 3, 1 - 182.","Kojumdgieva, E. M. & Strachimirov, B. (1960) Les fossiles de Bulgarie. 7. Tortonien. Acadeimie des Sciences de Bulgarie, Sofia, 317 pp.","Venzo, S. & Pelosio, G. (1963) La malacofauna Tortoniana del Colle di Vigoleno (Preappenino Piacentino). Palaeontographia Italica, 58, 43 - 213.","Anderson, H. J. (1964) Die mioca ¨ ne Reinbek-Stufe in Nord und Westdeutschland und ihre Mollusken-Fauna. Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen, 14, 31 - 368.","Brebion, P. (1964) Les gasteropodes du Redonien et leur signification. Vols. 1 - 2. The`se de doctorat e`s-Sciences. Faculte des Sciences de l'Universite de Paris, Paris, 775 pp., 15 pls. [27 June 1964, unpublished]","Strausz, L. (1966) Die Mioza ¨ n-Mediterranen Gastropoden ungarns. Akade´miai Kiado´, Budapest, 692 pp.","Palla, P. (1967) Gasteropodi pliocenici della Bassa Val d'Elsa (Toscana Occidentale). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 73, 931 - 1020.","Zelinskaya, V. A., Kulichenko, V. G., Makarenko, D. E. & Sorochan, E. A. (1968) Paleontologicheskiy Spravochnik. 2. Bruyukhonogiye ' lopatonogiye mollyuski paleogena ' miotsena Ykranini. (Paleontological Reference Book 2. Gastropoda and scaphopod mollusks of the Paleogene and Miocene of Ukraine). Academy of Sciences, Ukrainian SSR, Institute of Geological Sciences, Kiev, 281 pp.","Malatesta, A. (1974) Malacofauna pliocenica Umbra. Memorie per Servire alla Carta Geologica d'Italia, 13, 1 - 498.","Fekih, M. (1975) Paleoecologie du Plioce`ne marin au nord de la Tunisie. Annales des Mines et de la Ge´ologie, 27, 1 - 195.","Martinell, J. (1979) Mesogastropoda del Plioceno del Emporda (Girona). 1. Descriptiva y sistematica. Studia Geologica Salmanticensia, 15, 85 - 165.","Fretter, V. & Graham, A. (1981) The prosobranch molluscs of Britain and Denmark, 6. Strombacea, Hipponicacea, Calypraeacea, Lamellariacea, Cypraeacea, Naticacea, Tonnacea, Heteropoda. The Journal of Molluscan Studies, 9, 285 - 363.","Janssen, A. W. 1984. Mollusken uit het Mioceen van Winterswijk-Miste. Een inventarisatie, met beschrijvingen en afbeeldingen van alle aangetroffen soorten. Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging, Nederlandse Geologische Vereniging & Rijkmuseum van Geologie en Mineralogie, Amsterdam, 451 pp.","Chirli, C. (1988) Malacofauna pliocenica di Poggibonsi, Cava delle Piaggiole. Lalli, Poggibonsi, 89 pp.","Poppe, G. T. & Goto, Y. (1991) European seashells. 1. Polyplacophora, Caudofoveata, Solenogastra, Gastropoda. Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 352 pp.","Cavallo, O. & Repetto, G. (1992) Conchiglie fossili del Roero. Atlante iconografico. Associazione Naturalistica Piemontese Memorie (Associazione Amici del Museo ' Federico Eusebio'), 2, 1 - 251.","Iljina (Il'ina), L. B. (1993) Handbook for identification of marine middle Miocene gastropods of southwestern Eurasia. Trudi Palaeontological Institute, 255, 1 - 149.","Baluk, W. (1995) Middle Miocene (Badenian) gastropods from Korytnica, Poland. 2. Acta Geologica Polonica, 45, 1 - 255.","Giannuzzi-Savelli, R., Pusateri, F., Palmeri, A. & Ebreo, C. (1997) Atlante delle conchiglie marine del Mediterraneo. Vol. 2. Caenogastropoda 1. Discopoda-Heteropoda. La Conchiglia, Roma, 258 pp.","Marquet, R. (1997 b) Pliocene gastropod faunas from Kallo (Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium), 3 - 4. Caenogastropoda: Aporrhaidae to Muricidae (3); Buccinidae to Helicidae (4). Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology, 34, 69 - 149.","Solsona, M. (1998) Paleobiologia dels mesogastero`podes del Plioce`del Mediterrani nord-occidental. Unpublished Tese de Doutoramento, Departamento d'Estratigrafia i Paleontologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 540 pp.","Schultz, O. (1998) Tertia ¨ rfossilien o ¨ sterreichs, Wirbellose, niedere Wirbeltiere und marine Sa ¨ ugetiere; scho ¨ ne, interessante, ha ¨ ufige und wichtige Makrofossilien aus den Besta ¨ nden des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien und Privatsammlungen; eine Bilddokumentation. Golschneck-Verlag, Wien, 159 pp.","Silva, C. M. da (2001) Gastro´podes plioce´nicos marinhos de Portugal: sistema´tica, paleoecologia, paleobiologia, paleogeografia. Dissertac ¸ a t o de doutoramento. Faculdade de Cie ˆ ncias da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 747 pp.","Landau, B. M, Marquet, R. & Grigis, M. (2004 a) The early Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona, southern Spain. 2. Orthogastropoda, Neotaenioglossa. Palaeontos, 4, 1 - 108.","Landau, B. M., Silva, C. M. da & Mayoral, E. (2011) The lower Pliocene gastropods of the Huelva Sands Formation, Guadalquivir Basin, southwestern Spain. Palaeofocus, 4, 1 - 90.","Chirli, C. & Linse, U. (2011) The Pleistocene marine Gastropods of Rhodes Island (Greece). Grafiche PDB, Tavarnelle V. P., Firenze, 262 pp., 90 pls.","Landau, B. M., Harzhauser, M., I ˙ slamog ˇ lu, Y. & Silva, C. M. da (2013) Systematics and palaeobiogeography of the gastropods of the middle Miocene (Serravallian) Karaman Basin, Turkey. Cainozoic Research, 11 - 13, 3 - 584.","Van Dingenen, F., Ceulemans, L. & Landau, B. M. (2016) The lower Pliocene gastropods of Le Pigeon Blanc (Loire-Atlantique, northwest France). 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research, 16 (2), 109 - 219.","Brunetti, M. M. & Cresti, M. (2018) I fossili di Orciano Pisano. Atlante iconografico. Edizioni Danaus, Palermo, 232 pp.","Boschele, S., Dominici, S., Massimo Bernardi, M. & Avanzini, M. (2021) Fossili cenozoici della Valsugana. Catalogo della \" Collezione Boschele \". Parte VII. Studi Trentini di Scienze Naturali, 101, 5 - 52.","Brunetti, M. M. (2022) Malacofaune plioceniche della Valle del Guadalquivir, Spagna. Edizione Danaus. Privately published, s. n., 147 pp.","Glibert, M. (1952 b). Faune malacologique du Miocene de la Belgique. II Gastropodes. Memoire Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, 121, 1 - 197, 10 pls.","Baluk, W. (1975) Lower Tortonian Gastropods from Korytnica, Poland. 1. Paleontologia Polonica 32, 1 - 186.","Glibert, M. (1963) Les Mesogastropoda fossiles du Cenozoique etranger des collections de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Deuxieme partie: Fossaridae a Ficidae (inclus). Memoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Series 2, 73, 1 - 154.","Cardenas, J., Bajo, I. & Maestre, M. V. (2019) Estudio paleontologico de los gasteropodos y escafopodos (Mollusca) del Tortoniense superior de Arroyo Trujillo, Cantillana (Sevilla). Spanish Journal of Palaeontology, 34 (2), 205 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.7203 / sjp. 34.2.16095","Glibert, M. (1958) Gastropodes du Diestien, du Scaldisien et du Merxemien de la Belgique. 2. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 34 (15), 1 - 36.","Marquet, R. (1998 a) De Pliocene gastropodenfauna van Kallo (Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgie ¨). Belgische Vereniging voor Paleontologie v. z. w., Antwerpe, 246 pp.","Gonzalez-Delgado, J. A. (1988) Estudio Sistematico de los Gasteropodos del Plioceno de Huelva (SW de Espana). 1. Archaeogastropoda; 2. Mesogastropoda. Rissoacea, Cerithiacea; 3. Mesogastropoda (Scalacea-Tonnacea). Studia Geologica Salmanticensia, 25, 109 - 159.","Lecointre, G. (1952) Recherches sur le Ne´oge`ne et le Quaternaire marins de la co ˆ te atlantique du Maroc, 2, Pale´ontologie. Notes et Me´moires du Service Ge´ologique du Maroc, 99, 5 - 170.","Caprotti, E. (1974) Molluschi del Tabianiano (Pliocene inferiore) della Val d'Arda. Loro connessioni temporali e spaziali. Conchiglie, 10, 1 - 47.","Cerulli-Irelli, S. (1912) Fauna malacologica mariana Parte Sesta. Cerithiidae, Cerithiopsidae, Triforidae, Diastomidae, Vermetidae, Turritellidae, Mathildidae, Caecidae. Paleontographia Italica, 18, 141 - 170 (327 - 355), pls. 23 - 25 (44 - 46).","Taviani, M., Rovero, M., Impiccini, R. & Vigliotti, L. (1998) Segnalazione di Quaternario marino nella Val Chero (Appennino Piacentino). Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 36, 331 - 338."]}

Cheilea equestris (Linnaeus, 1758) Plate 2 F * Patella equestris Linnaeus 1758: 780. Pileopsis Bredai Michelotti 1847: 137, pl. 5, fig. 3. Caliptraea [sic] Equestroides Millet 1854: 165 (nomen nudum). Dyspotaea semicanalis Bronn in Hartung 1861: 120, fig. 4. Dyspotaea semicanalis Bronn —Bronn in Reiss 1862: 33. Mitrularia semicanalis Bronn — Mayer 1864: 54. Caliptraea [sic] aequestroides Millet 1865: 598. Mitrularia bredai (Mich.) — Sacco 1896b: 46, pl. 5, figs. 29-30. ? Cheilea inexpectata (Boettger) — Zilch 1934: 247, pl. 13, fig. 62. Cheilea equestris Linné — Abbott 1954: 165, pl. 21p. Cheilea equestris Linné, 1758 — Brébion 1964: 306, pl. 7, fig. 23. Cheilea inexpectata (Boettger, 1907) — Ba&lstrok;uk 1975: 173, pl. 3, fig. 6. Mitrularia bredai (Michelotti, 1847) — Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 253, pl. 43, fig. 6. Cheilea bredai (Michelotti, 1847) — Bertarelli & Inzani 1986: 178, figs. 1-5. Cheilea equestris (Linneo, 1758) — Pantoli & Ruggieri 1988: 42, pl. 1, figs. 1-7, text-fig. 1. Cheilea equestris (Linné, 1758) — Redfern 2001: 48, pl. 25, fig. 26. Cheilea equestris (Linnaeus, 1758) — Landau et al. 2004a: 81, pl. 20, figs. 1, 2. Cheilea equestris (Linnaeus, 1758) —Chirli 2008: 16, pl. 4, figs. 11-15. Cheilea equestris (Linnaeus, 1758) — Landau et al. 2018: 32, pl. 33, figs. 1-2. Santa Maria material examined. Maximum diameter 30.0 mm. DBUA-F 1283-1 (1), DBUA-F 492 (1), Ponta do Castelo; DBUA-F 1071 (1), Pedra-que-pica, Santa Maria Island, Azores, Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene. Description. Shell medium sized, fragile, ovate, capuliform, with a very depressed profile. Protoconch small, naticiform, multispiral of 2.5 whorls, partly immersed in the teleoconch, placed slightly posterior to midline and displaced slightly to the left. Junction with teleoconch sharply delimited by scar. Teleoconch consists of one rapidly expanding, weakly convex, flattened whorl. Sculpture of irregular, concentric ridges and rugae, and fine spiral threads. Aperture very large, circular, peristome complete, with irregular edge. Inner aspect bears horseshoe-shaped lamina extending from the inner side of the apex (obscured by matrix in Azorean specimens). Discussion. The diagnostic horse-shoe shaped lamina typical for the genus Cheilea Modeer, 1793 is obscured in the Azorean specimens but the dorsal sculpture consisting of irregular, coarse concentric ridges and rugae are typical for C. equestris (Linnaeus, 1758). The dorsal sculpture changes with ontogeny so that juvenile specimens are elevated and almost smooth, whereas other shells are more depressed and strongly sculptured. The Azorean specimen is fully adult. In Europe, C. equestris was present in Middle Miocene and Pliocene fully tropical assemblages but did not survive the cooling episode at the end of MPPMU1. Today, it has a tropical circumglobal distribution. Distribution. Lower Miocene: Proto-Mediterranean, Italy (Sacco 1896b). Middle Miocene:?Paratethys, Poland (Ba&lstrok;uk 1975), Romania (Zilch 1934). Upper Miocene: Atlantic (Tortonian), NW France (Brébion 1964); Proto-Mediterranean, Italy (Sacco 1896b). Lower Pliocene: Atlantic, Santa Maria Island, Azores (Bronn in Hartung 1861; Bronn in Reiss 1862; Mayer 1864); central Mediterranean, Italy (Chirli 2006). Upper Pliocene: western Mediterranean, Estepona Basin (Landau et al. 2004a); central Mediterranean, Italy (Bertarelli & Inzani 1986). Upper Pleistocene: Red Sea, Hurghada, Egypt (NHMW coll.). Present-day: Circumglobal distribution; Indo-Pacific (Wilson 1993), eastern Pacific (Keen 1971); eastern Atlantic, Cabo Verde archipelago and West African shores (Rolán 2005; Ávila et al. 2015 b, 2022), southeastern Florida and West Indies (Abbott 1954; Redfern 2013), western Atlantic, Bermuda, Carolinian biogeographic province. Genus Hipponix Defrance, 1819 Type species. Patella cornucopiae, R̂ding, 1798 (Defrance 1819: 8), by subsequent designation (Anton, 1838). Eocene, France., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on pages 38-39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Michelotti, G. (1847) Description des fossiles des terrains mioce`nes de l'Italie septentrionale. Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (2). Also as: Ouvrage publie´par la socie´te´Hollandaise des Sciences, et accompagne´d'un atlas de 17 planches. A. Arns & Compie, Leiden, 408 pp.","Millet de la Turtaudie`re, P. A. (1854) Pale´ontologie de Maine-et-Loire. Cosnier et Lache`se, Angers, 187 pp.","Reiss, W. (1862) Mittheilungen u ¨ ber die tertia ¨ ren Schichten von Santa Maria, der su ¨ dlichsten der Azoren, und ihre organischen Einschlu ¨ sse. Nebst Beschreibung dieser letzten und Abbildung der neuen Arten, von H. G. Bronn. Neues Jahrbuch fu ¨ r Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefactunkunde, 1862, 1 - 48.","Mayer, K. (1864). Die Tertiar-fauna der Azoren und Madeiren. Zurich, published by the author. Z ¸ rich: vi + 107 pp. + 7 pls.","Millet de la Turtaudie`re, P. A. (1865) Indicateur du Maine-et-Loire ou indications par commune de ce que chacune d'elles renferme. Vol. 2. Cosnier et Lache`se, Angers, 616 pp.","Sacco, F. (1896 b) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 20. (Caecidae, Vermetidae, Phoridae, Calyptraeidae, Capulidae, Hipponycidae e Neritidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 66 pp., 5 pls.","Zilch, A. (1934) Zur Fauna des Mittel-Mioca ¨ ns von Kostej (Banat). Typus-Bestimmung und Tafeln zu O. Boettger's Bearbeitungen. Senckenbergiana, 16, 193 - 302.","Abbott, R. T. (1954) American Seashells. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, New York, xiv + 541 pp., 40 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7471","Brebion, P. (1964) Les gasteropodes du Redonien et leur signification. Vols. 1 - 2. The`se de doctorat e`s-Sciences. Faculte des Sciences de l'Universite de Paris, Paris, 775 pp., 15 pls. [27 June 1964, unpublished]","Baluk, W. (1975) Lower Tortonian Gastropods from Korytnica, Poland. 1. Paleontologia Polonica 32, 1 - 186.","Ferrero Mortara, E. L., Montefameglio, L., Novelli, M., Opesso, G., Pavia, G. & Tampieri, R. (1984) Catalogo dei tipi e degli esemplari figurati della collezione Bellardi e Sacco. 2. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Cataloghi 7, 1 - 484.","Bertarelli, C. & Inzani, A. (1986) Prima segnalazione di Cheilea bredai (Michelotti, 1847) nel Pliocene italiano. Bollettino Malacologico, 22, 177 - 181.","Pantoli, D. & Ruggieri, G. (1988) La Cheilea del Pliocene Italiano. Bollettino Malacologico, 24, 40 - 46.","Redfern, C. (2001) Bahamian Seashells. A Thousand Species from Abaco, Bahamas. Bahamianseashells. com Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, 124 pp.","Landau, B. M, Marquet, R. & Grigis, M. (2004 a) The early Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona, southern Spain. 2. Orthogastropoda, Neotaenioglossa. Palaeontos, 4, 1 - 108.","Landau, B. M., Ceulemans, L. & Van Dingenen, F. (2018) The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France. 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research, 18 (2), 177 - 368.","Modeer, A. (1793) Inledning til kunskapen om Maskkraken I allmanhet. Kongliga Vetenskaps Akademiens nya Handlingar, 14, 83 - 112.","Chirli, C. (2006) Malacofauna Pliocenica Toscana. Vol. 5. Caenogastropoda. Chirli, C., Firenze, 144 pp., 46 pls.","Wilson, B. R. (1993) Australian marine shells. Prosobranch gastropods. Part 1. Odyssey Publishing, Kallaroo, Western Australia, 408 pp.","Keen, A. M. (1971) Seashells of Tropical West America. Marine Mollusks from Baja California to Peru (second edition). Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, 1064 pp.","Avila, S. P., Ramalho, R., Habermann, J., Quartau, R., Kroh, A., Berning, B., Johnson, M., Kirby, M., Zanon, V., Titschack, J., Goss, A., Rebelo, A. C., Melo, C., Madeira, P., Cordeiro, R., Meireles, R., Bagaco, L., Hipolito, A., Uchman, A., Da Silva, C. M., Cach \" o, M. & Madeira, J. (2015 b) Palaeoecology, taphonomy, and preservation of a lower Pliocene shell bed (coquina) from a volcanic oceanic island (Santa Maria Island, Azores, NE Atlantic Ocean). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 430, 57 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2015.04.015","Landau, B. M. & Harzhauser, M. (2022) The Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona, southern Spain. Part 14: Clavatulidae (Gastropoda, Conoidea). Cainozoic Research, 22 (1), 45 - 72.","Redfern, C. (2013) Bahamian Seashells: 1161 Species from Abaco, Bahamas. Bahamianseashells. com Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, 501 pp.","Anton, H. E. (1838) Verzeichniss der Conchylien welche sich in der Sammlung von Herbert Eduard Anton befinden. Anton, H. E., Halle, XVI + 110 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11509"]}

Favartia suboblonga (d’Orbigny, 1852) Plate 5 G 1 -G 2 Murex oblongus Grateloup 1833, pl. 100 (non M. oblongus Brocchi, 1814). Murex oblongus Grateloup 1847, pl. 3, fig. 13 (non Murex oblongus Brocchi, 1814). * Murex suboblongus d’Orbigny 1852: 73 (nom. nov. pro Murex oblongus Grateloup, 1833, non Brocchi, 1814). Murex incisus Broderip —Ĥrnes 1856: 223, pl. 23, fig. 7. Murex incisus Brod. — D’Ancona 1871: 23, pl. 4, fig. 6. ? Murex (Muricidea) kostejanus Boettger 1902: 29. Murex (Favartia) incisus Brod. — Sacco 1904: 20, pl. 5, fig. 19-22. ? Muricidea kostejana (Boettger) — Zilch 1934: 252, pl. 15, fig. 81. Murex (Favartia) excisus var. Peyroti Montanaro 1935: 27, pl. 2. fig. 11. Aspella (Favartia) incisa excisa Grateloup, sp. 1833—Glibert 1952: 298, pl. 6, fig. 10. Aspella (Favartia) incisa var. excisa Grateloup, 1833 — Brébion 1964: 377. Favartia incisa (Broderip, 1832 [sic])— Inzani & Bertarelli 1985 b: 27, pl. 1, fig. 4. Favartia incisa (Broderip, 1832 [sic])— Andreoli & Marsigli 1992: 7, pl. 2, fig. 4. Dermomurex scalarioides (Blainville, 1829) — Cavallo & Repetto 1992: 86, fig. 185. Favartia cf. incisa (Broderip, 1832 [sic])— Cavallo & Repetto 1992: 90, fig. 194. Favartia cf. incisa (Broderip, 1832 [sic])—Muñiz-Solís & Guerra-Merchán 1994: 28, figs. 6C-D. Favartia (Favartia) suboblonga (d’Orbigny) — Vokes 1994: 122, pl. 19, fig. 3. Aspella (Favartia) incisa (Broderip, 1832 [sic]) — Ba&lstrok;uk 1995: 221, pl. 26, figs. 7-9, pl. 38, fig. 5. Favartia suboblonga (D’Orbigny, 1852) — Merle 1999: 300, text-figs. 39, 40, pl. 5, figs. 7-9, pl. 6, figs. 1-4. Favartia excisa (Grateloup, 1833) — Chirli 2000: 23, pl. 11, figs. 9-12. Favartia incisa (Broderip, 1832 [sic])— Chirli 2000: 24, pl. 11, figs. 13-16. Favartia suboblonga (d’Orbigny, 1852) — Landau et al. 2007: 46, text-fig. 12, pl. 12, figs. 5-8. Favartia suboblonga (d’Orbigny, 1852) — Landau et al. 2013: 161, pl. 24, fig. 5. Favartia suboblonga (d’Orbigny, 1852) — Goret et al. 2013: 17, text-fig 13 a, b, pl. 4, fig. 6. Favartia suboblonga (d’Orbigny, 1852) — Ceulemans et al. 2016b: 40, pl. 1, figs. 8, 9. Favartia suboblonga (d’Orbigny, 1852) —Landau et al. 2019a: 21, pl. 18, figs. 1-3. non Murex (Favartia) suboblongus D’Orb. —Cossmann & Peyrot (partim) 1924: no. 752, pl. 12, figs. 21-22 [unnamed species fide Merle, 1999]. non Murex (Favartia) suboblongus D’Orb. —Cossmann & Peyrot (partim) 1924: no. 752, pl. 12, fig. 23 [= Pygmaepterys subdecussatus (D’Orbigny, 1852)]. non Murex (Favartia) suboblongus var. quadrangulatus Cossmann & Peyrot 1924: no. 753, pl. 12, figs. 31, 32, 43 [= Favartia excisa (Grateloup, 1833]. Santa Maria material examined. Maximum height 19.0 mm, width 10.0 mm. DBUA-F 946-3 (1), Ponta dos Cedros, Santa Maria Island, Azores, Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene. Discussion. Unfortunately, the Azorean specimen is decorticated, giving the surface a somewhat different aspect to that usually attributed to this species. Nevertheless, the size, general shape, penultimate whorl with two strong cords, and the last whorl with strong varices and a long recurved P1 (terminology follows Merle 1999, 2001) at the shoulder are consistent with Favartia suboblonga (d’Orbigny, 1852). For detailed description and discussion on the species, see Landau et al. (2009, 2013, 2019). Distribution. Middle Miocene (Langhian and Serravallian): Atlantic, Loire Basin, France (Glibert 1952), Aquitaine Basin (Cossmann & Peyrot 1924); Paratethys, Austria (Hörnes 1853), Poland (Ba&lstrok;uk 1995),? Romania (Boettger 1902; Zilch 1934); Proto-Mediterranean (Serravallian), Karaman Basin (Landau et al. 2013). Upper Miocene (Tortonian): Atlantic, NW France (Brébion 1964; Landau et al. 2019a); Proto-Mediterranean, Italy (Montanaro 1935). Lower Pliocene: Atlantic, NW France (Brébion 1964; Ceulemans et al. 2016b), Santa Maria Island, Azores (this paper); western Mediterranean, France (Goret et al. 2013); central Mediterranean, Italy (Chirli 2000). Upper Pliocene: western Mediterranean, Estepona Basin (Landau et al. 2007); central Mediterranean, Italy (Sacco 1904; Cavallo & Repetto 1992; Andreoli & Marsigli 1992). Upper Pliocene-Pleistocene:Atlantic NW France (Brébion 1964)., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on page 76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["d'Orbigny, A. (1852) Prodrome de pale´ontologie stratigra phique universelle des animaux mollusques et rayonne´s, faisant suite au cours e´le´mentaire de pale´ontologie et de ge´ologie stratigraphique, 3. Victor Masson, Paris, 196 pp.","Grateloup, J. P. S. de (1833) Tableau des coquilles fossiles qu'on rencontre dans les terrains calcaire tertiaires (faluns) des environs de Dax, dans le De´partement des Landes. 1 - 12. Bulletins d'Histoire Naturelle de la Socie´te´Linne´enne de Bordeaux, 6 (32, 33 & 34), 31 - 48 (1833 a) (7), 90 - 100 (1833 b) (8) & 159 - 164 (1833 c) (9).","Brocchi, G. (1814) s. n. In: Conchiologia fossile subapennina, con osservazioni geologiche sugli Apennini e sul suolo adiacente. Vols. 1 - 2. Stamperia Reale, Milano, pp. 1 - 240 & 241 - 712, 16 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11569","d'Ancona, C. (1871) Malacologia pliocenica Italiana, descritta ed illustrata da Cesare d'Ancona. 1. Generi: Strombus, Murex, Typhis. Comitato Geologico, Memorie per Servire alla Descrizione della Carta Geologica d'Italia, 1, 305 - 363.","Boettger, O. (1902) Zur Kenntnis der Fauna der mittelmioca ¨ nen Schichten von Kostej im Krassoi-Szo ¨ reinyer Komitat. Mit einem Situationsplan der Fundpunkte. 2. Verhandlungen und Mitteilungen des Siebenbu ¨ rgischen Vereins fu ¨ r Naturwissenschaften zu Hermannstadt, 51, 1 - 200.","Sacco, F. (1904) I Molluschi dei terreni terziari del Piemonte e della Liguria. 30. Aggiunte e correzioni. Considerazioni generali. Indice generale dell'opera (con 1400 figure). Carlo Clausen, Torino, xxxvi + 203 pp., 31 pls.","Zilch, A. (1934) Zur Fauna des Mittel-Mioca ¨ ns von Kostej (Banat). Typus-Bestimmung und Tafeln zu O. Boettger's Bearbeitungen. Senckenbergiana, 16, 193 - 302.","Montanaro, E. (1935) Studi monografici sulla malacologia Miocenica Modenese. 1. I molluschi Tortoniani di Montegibbio. Palaeontographia Italica, Nuova Serie 5, 35, 1 - 84.","Brebion, P. (1964) Les gasteropodes du Redonien et leur signification. Vols. 1 - 2. The`se de doctorat e`s-Sciences. Faculte des Sciences de l'Universite de Paris, Paris, 775 pp., 15 pls. [27 June 1964, unpublished]","Inzani, A. & Bertarelli, C. (1985) La famiglia Muricidae nel Plioceno italiano (seconda parte). Hobby Fauna, 1 (12), 27 - 35.","Andreoli, G. & Marsigli, S. [1992 (1991)] Contributo alla conoscenza della malacofauna pliocenica modenese (Introduzione e parte 1 - famiglia Muricidae). Natura Modenese, 1, 3 - 20.","Blainville, H. M. D. de (1829) Malacozoaires ou animaux mollusques. Faune Franc ¸ aise. Livre 2. Levrault, Paris, 320 pp., 48 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 33933","Cavallo, O. & Repetto, G. (1992) Conchiglie fossili del Roero. Atlante iconografico. Associazione Naturalistica Piemontese Memorie (Associazione Amici del Museo ' Federico Eusebio'), 2, 1 - 251.","Vokes, E. H. (1994) Cenozoic Muricidae of the western Atlantic region. Part X - the subfamily Muricopsinae. Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology, 26, 49 - 160.","Baluk, W. (1995) Middle Miocene (Badenian) gastropods from Korytnica, Poland. 2. Acta Geologica Polonica, 45, 1 - 255.","Merle, D. (1999) La radiation des Muricidae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) au Paleogene: approche phyloge´ne´tique et e´volutive. Unpublished thesis, Museium national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, VI + 499 pp.","Chirli, C. (2000) Malacofauna Pliocenica Toscana. Vol. 2. Superfamiglia Muricoidea. Chirli, C., Firenze, 142 pp., 49 pls.","Landau, B. M., Houart, R & Silva, C. M. da (2007) The early Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona, southern Spain. 7. Muricidae. Palaeontos, 11, 1 - 87.","Landau, B. M., Harzhauser, M., I ˙ slamog ˇ lu, Y. & Silva, C. M. da (2013) Systematics and palaeobiogeography of the gastropods of the middle Miocene (Serravallian) Karaman Basin, Turkey. Cainozoic Research, 11 - 13, 3 - 584.","Goret, B., Ledon, D. & Pons, J. (2013) Les Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) du PlioceIne Infeirieur de Catalogne (France, Espagne). Palaeontos, 23, 1 - 52.","Ceulemans, L., Van Dingenen, F., Merle, D. & Landau, B. M. (2016 b) The lower Pliocene gastropods of Le Pigeon Blanc (Loire-Atlantique, northwest France). Part 3. Muricidae. Vita Malacologica, 15, 35 - 55.","Merle, D. (2001) The spiral cords and the internal denticles of the outer lip in the Muricidae: terminology and methodological comments. Novapex, 2 (3), 69 - 71.","Landau, B. M., Harzhauser, M. & Beu, A. G. (2009) A revision of the Tonnoidea (Caenogastropoda, Gastropoda) from the Miocene Paratethys and their palaeobiogeographic implications. Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 149 (1), 61 - 109."]}

Genus Isara H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 Type species. Mitra bulimoides Reeve, 1845 [= M. glabra Swainson, 1821] (H. Adams & A. Adams 1853: 171), by subsequent designation (Cossmann, 1899). Present-day, Indo-West Pacific., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on page 79, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Adams, H. & Adams, A. (1853 - 1854) s. n. In: The genera of recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. John van Voorst, London, pp. 1 - 256 (1853) + 257 - 484 (1854).","Reeve, L. A. (1845) Monograph of the genus Mitra. In: Reeve, L. & Co (Ed.), Conchologia Iconica, or illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals. Vol. 2. Reeve, London, pp. 1 - 39.","Swainson, W. (1820 - 1823) Zoological Illustrations, or, original figures and descriptions of new, rare, or interesting animals, selected chiefly from the classes of ornithology, entomology, and conchology, and arranged on the principles of Cuvier and other modern zoologists. Vols. 1 - 3. Baldwin, Cradock & Joe, London and W. Wood, Strand, pls. 1 - 18 (1820) + 19 - 83 (1821) + 84 - 134 (1822) + 135 - 182 (1823)."]}

Tethystrombus coronatus (Defrance, 1827) Plate 4 A * Strombus coronatus Defrance 1827: 124. Strombus italicus Duclos — Mayer 1864: 73, pl. 7, fig. 54. Strombus coronatus Defr. —Pereira da Costa 1867: 137, pl. 17, fig. 3. Strombus coronatus Defrance — Fontannes 1879: 151, pl. 9, fig. 1. Strombus coronatus (Defr.) — Sacco 1893: 7, pl. 1, figs. 19-27. Strombus coronatus Defrance, 1827 — Palla 1967: 959, pl. 72, fig. 2. Strombus (Strombus) coronatus (Defrance, 1827) — Malatesta 1974: 219, pl. 17, figs. 1-7. Strombus coronatus Defrance — Fekih 1975: 111, pl. 33, fig. 1. Strombus (S.) coronatus Defrance — Pavia 1976a, pl. 5, figs. 1-4. Strombus coronatus Defrance, 1827 — Meco 1977: 56, pl. 14, fig. 2, pl. 15, fig. 2, pl. 16, figs. 1-2, pl. 17, figs. 1-2, pl. 18, figs. 1-2, pl. 19, fig. 1, pl. 20, fig. 1, pl. 21, fig. 1, pl. 22, fig. 1, pl. 23, figs. 1-3, pl. 24, fig. 1, pl. 25, figs. 1-2, pl. 26, fig. 1, pl. 27, figs. 1-2. Strombus coronatus Defrance, 1827 — Martinell 1979: 123, pl. 3, figs. 5-6. Strombus coronatus (Defrance, 1827) — Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 138, pl. 21, figs. 6-7. Strombus coronatus Defrance, 1827 — Cavallo & Repetto 1992: 58, fig. 101. Strombus coronatus Defrance, 1827 — Solsona 1998: 169, pl. 8, figs. 1-6. Strombus (Strombus) coronatus Defrance, 1827 — Landau et al. 2004a: 63, pl. 14, fig. 6. Strombus coronatus (Defrance, 1827) [sic]—Chirli 2008: 6, pl. 2, figs. 1-6. Strombus coronatus Defrance, 1827 — Chirli & Richard 2008: 24, pl. 3, fig. 7. Strombus coronatus Defrance, 1827 — Sosso & Dell’Angelo 2010: 23, 33, unumbered figure second row left. Strombus coronatus (Defrance, 1827) [sic]—Brunetti 2014: 30, unumbered fig. Persististrombus coronatus (Defrance, 1827) — Ávila et al. 2016b: 915, fig. 2A-H. Persististrombus coronatus (Defrance, 1827) —Brunetti & Vecchi 2016: 62, pl. 1, fig. A. Persististrombus coronatus (Defrance, 1827) — Brunetti & Cresti 2018: 50, fig. 130. non Strombus coronatus Defr. —Ĥrnes 1853: 187, pl. 17, fig. 1 [Persististrombus inflexus (Eichwald, 1830)]. non Strombus coronatus Defr. —Hoernes & Auinger (partim) 1884: 163, pl. 18, figs. 4-5, pl. 19. fig. 1 [Persististrombus inflexus (Eichwald, 1830)]. non Strombus coronatus Defr. —Hoernes & Auinger (partim) 1884: 163, pl. 18, figs. 1-3 [Persististrombus lapugyensis (Sacco, 1893)]. non Strombus coronatus Defrance — Strausz 1966: 222, figs. 102-103 [Persististrombus inflexus (Eichwald, 1830)]. non Strombus coronatus Defrance — Schultz 1998: 60, pl. 23, fig. 6 [Persististrombus inflexus (Eichwald, 1830)]. Santa Maria material examined. Maximum height 119.1 mm, width 107.2 mm. Figueiral: CIADP-F 32 (1) Casa dos Fósseis Museum, Santa Maria (collection Dalberto Pombo); DBUA-F 1011 (2), DBUA-F 1236 (1), DBUA-F 533 (1), Malbusca; DBUA-F 928- A (1), Malbusca, Santa Maria Island, Azores, Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene. Discussion. Dekkers (2008) erected the genus Tethystrombus with the West African Strombus latus Gmelin, 1791 as type species. He included in his new genus the European fossil Strombus bubonius Lamarck, 1822 and S. coronatus Defrance, 1827. The ongoing heated discussion as to the phylogeny of this group (i.e., Dekkers, 2008, vs. Kronenberg & Vermeij 2002) will not be entered into here. The presence of Tethystrombus coronatus (Defrance, 1827) in the Santa Maria assemblages and its biogeographic, palaeoecological and palaeoclimatological implications were fully discussed in Ávila et al. (2016b). Distribution. Middle Miocene: Atlantic, Aquitaine Basin (Cossmann & Peyrot 1924), Loire Basin (Glibert 1949). Upper Miocene: Atlantic, Portugal (Pereira da Costa 1867); Proto-Mediterranean, Italy (Sacco 1893). Lower Pliocene: Atlantic, Santa Maria Island, Azores (Ávila et al. 2015b, 2016b, 2018a, 2020a, 2022; Rebelo et al. 2016; Uchman et al. 2017, 2020; Dávid et al. 2021), Madeira and Porto Santo (Mayer 1864), Canary Islands (Meco 1977), Morocco (Lecointre 1952); western Mediterranean, NE Spain, (Martinell 1979; Martinell & Marquina 1981), France (Fontannes 1879; Chirli & Richard 2008); central Mediterranean, Italy (Sacco 1893; Pavia 1976a; Cavallo & Repetto 1992; Chirli 2008; Sosso & Dell’Angelo 2010; Brunetti & Cresti 2018). Upper Pliocene: central Mediterranean, Italy (Brunetti & Vecchi 2016), western Mediterranean, Estepona Basin (Landau et al. 2004a)., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on pages 56-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Mayer, K. (1864). Die Tertiar-fauna der Azoren und Madeiren. Zurich, published by the author. Z ¸ rich: vi + 107 pp. + 7 pls.","Fontannes, F. (1879 - 1880) Les inverte´bre´s du bassin tertiaire du Sud-Est de la France. Les mollusques plioce`nes de la Valle´edu Rho ˆ ne et du Roussillon. 1. Gaste´ropodes des formations marines et saumatres. Georg, Lyon & F. Savy, Paris, VIII + 276 pp., 12 pls. [pp. 1 - 76 published in 1879, remainder in 1880] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13209","Sacco, F. (1893). I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte XIV. (Strombidae, Terebellidae, Chenopidae ed Haliidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 40 pp., 2 pls.","Palla, P. (1967) Gasteropodi pliocenici della Bassa Val d'Elsa (Toscana Occidentale). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 73, 931 - 1020.","Malatesta, A. (1974) Malacofauna pliocenica Umbra. Memorie per Servire alla Carta Geologica d'Italia, 13, 1 - 498.","Fekih, M. (1975) Paleoecologie du Plioce`ne marin au nord de la Tunisie. Annales des Mines et de la Ge´ologie, 27, 1 - 195.","Pavia, G. (1976 a [1975]) I molluschi del Pliocene inferiore di Monteu Roero (Alba, Italia NW). Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 14, 99 - 175.","Meco, J. (1977) Los Strombus neogenos y cuaternarios del Atlantico euroafricano (taxonomia, biostratigrafia y paleoecologia). Paleontologia de Canarias vol. 1. Excmo. Cabildo Insular de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, 142 pp.","Martinell, J. (1979) Mesogastropoda del Plioceno del Emporda (Girona). 1. Descriptiva y sistematica. Studia Geologica Salmanticensia, 15, 85 - 165.","Ferrero Mortara, E. L., Montefameglio, L., Novelli, M., Opesso, G., Pavia, G. & Tampieri, R. (1984) Catalogo dei tipi e degli esemplari figurati della collezione Bellardi e Sacco. 2. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Cataloghi 7, 1 - 484.","Cavallo, O. & Repetto, G. (1992) Conchiglie fossili del Roero. Atlante iconografico. Associazione Naturalistica Piemontese Memorie (Associazione Amici del Museo ' Federico Eusebio'), 2, 1 - 251.","Solsona, M. (1998) Paleobiologia dels mesogastero`podes del Plioce`del Mediterrani nord-occidental. Unpublished Tese de Doutoramento, Departamento d'Estratigrafia i Paleontologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 540 pp.","Landau, B. M, Marquet, R. & Grigis, M. (2004 a) The early Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona, southern Spain. 2. Orthogastropoda, Neotaenioglossa. Palaeontos, 4, 1 - 108.","Chirli, C. & Richard, C. (2008) Les mollusques plaisanciens de la Co ˆ te d'Azur. Chirli, C., Tavarnelle, 128 pp., 25 pls.","Sosso, M. & Dell'Angelo, B. (2010) I fossili del Rio Torsero. Editing Marginalia, Cartotectonica Beusi srl, Prato, 95 pp.","Avila, S. P., Melo, C., Berning, B., Cordeiro, R., Landau, B. & Silva, C. M. da (2016 b) Persististrombus coronatus (Mollusca: Strombidae) in the lower Pliocene of Santa Maria Island (Azores, NE Atlantic): paleoecology, paleoclimatology and paleobiogeographic implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 441, 912 - 923. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2015.10.043","Brunetti, M. M. & Cresti, M. (2018) I fossili di Orciano Pisano. Atlante iconografico. Edizioni Danaus, Palermo, 232 pp.","Eichwald, E. (1830) Naturhistorische Skizze von Lithauen, Volhynien und Podolien in geognostisch-mineralogischer, botanischer und zoologischer Hinsicht. Eichwald, Wilna, 256 pp.","Strausz, L. (1966) Die Mioza ¨ n-Mediterranen Gastropoden ungarns. Akade´miai Kiado´, Budapest, 692 pp.","Schultz, O. (1998) Tertia ¨ rfossilien o ¨ sterreichs, Wirbellose, niedere Wirbeltiere und marine Sa ¨ ugetiere; scho ¨ ne, interessante, ha ¨ ufige und wichtige Makrofossilien aus den Besta ¨ nden des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien und Privatsammlungen; eine Bilddokumentation. Golschneck-Verlag, Wien, 159 pp.","Dekkers, A. M. (2008) Revision of the family Strombidae (Gastropoda) on the supraspecific level. Part One. De Kreukel, 44 (3), 35 - 64.","Gmelin, J. F. (1791) Caroli a Linnei systema natura per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, disserentis, synonymis, locis etc. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata, cura J. F. Gmelin. 1 (6). Vermes testacea. G. E. Beer, Lipsiae, pp. 3021 - 4120.","Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. (1822) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans verte`bres, pre´sentant des characte`res ge´ne´raux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales espe`ces qui s'y rapportent, pre´ce´de´e d'une introduction offrant la de´termination des caracte`res essentiels de l'animal, sa distinction du ve´ge´tal et des autres corps naturels; enfin, l'exposition des principes fondamentaux de la zoologie, 7. Lamarck, Paris, 711 pp.","Kronenberg, G. C. & Vermeij, G. J. (2002) Terestrombus and Tridentarius, new genera of Indo-Pacific Strombidae (Gastropoda), with comments on included taxa and on shell characters in Strombidae. Vita Malacologica, 1, 49 - 54.","Glibert, M. (1949) Gastropodes du Miocene moyen du Bassin de la Loire. 1. Memoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 2 (30), 1 - 240.","Avila, S. P., Ramalho, R., Habermann, J., Quartau, R., Kroh, A., Berning, B., Johnson, M., Kirby, M., Zanon, V., Titschack, J., Goss, A., Rebelo, A. C., Melo, C., Madeira, P., Cordeiro, R., Meireles, R., Bagaco, L., Hipolito, A., Uchman, A., Da Silva, C. M., Cach \" o, M. & Madeira, J. (2015 b) Palaeoecology, taphonomy, and preservation of a lower Pliocene shell bed (coquina) from a volcanic oceanic island (Santa Maria Island, Azores, NE Atlantic Ocean). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 430, 57 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2015.04.015","Uchman, A., Quintino, V., Rodrigues, A. M., Johnson, M. E., Melo, C., Cordeiro, R., Ramalho, R. & Avila, S. P. (2017) The trace fossil Diopatrichnus santamariensis nov. sp. - a shell armored tube from Pliocene sediments of Santa Maria Island, Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean). Geobios, 50 (5 - 6), 459 - 469. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. geobios. 2017.09.002","Uchman, A., Johnson, M. E., Ramalho, R., Quartau, R., Berning, B., Hipolito, A., Melo, C., Rebelo, A. C., Cordeiro, R. & Avila, S. P. (2020) Neogene marine sediments and biota encapsulated between lava flows on Santa Maria Island (Azores, northeast Atlantic): An interplay between sedimentary, erosional, and volcanic processes. Sedimentology, 67, 3595 - 3618. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / sed. 12763","David, A., Uchman, A., Ramalho, R. S., Madeira, J., Melo, C., Madeira, P., Rebelo, A. C., Berning, B., Johnson, M. E. & Avila, S. P. (2021) Diverse bioerosion structures in lower Pliocene deposits from a volcanic oceanic island: Baia de Nossa Senhora section, Santa Maria Island, Azores (Central Atlantic Ocean). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 569, 110 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2021.110284","Lecointre, G. (1952) Recherches sur le Ne´oge`ne et le Quaternaire marins de la co ˆ te atlantique du Maroc, 2, Pale´ontologie. Notes et Me´moires du Service Ge´ologique du Maroc, 99, 5 - 170.","Martinell, J. & Marquina, J. M. (1981) Malacofauna Pliocenica de St. Vicenc ¸ dels Horts (Baix Llobregat, Barcelona). Iberus, 1, 9 - 22."]}

Isara hoernesi (Mayer, 1864)? Mitra aperta Bell. —Hörnes 1852b: 97, pl. 10, figs. 1–3 [non Mitra aperta Bellardi, 1850]. Mitra aperta Bellardi —Bronn in Reiss 1862: 25. * Mitra Hoernesi Mayer 1864: 82 [nov. nom for Mitra aperta Ho ̈rnes 1852b non Bellardi, 1850]. Mitra fusiformis Brocc. —Hoernes & Auinger 1880: 75, pl. 8, fig. 26 [non Episcomitra fusiformis (Brocchi, 1814)]. Mitra multistriata Mayer-Eymar — Mayer-Eymar 1891: 339, pl. 10, fig. 7 [non Bellardi, 1887]. Mitra ambigua var. Hoernesi Mayer — Friedberg 1911: 13, text-fig. 3. Mitra ambigua hörnesi Mayer— Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954: 48, pl. 6, fig. 18. ? Mitra fusiformis Br. — Strausz 1954: 75, pl. 4, fig. 83 [non Brocchi, 1814]. Mitra aperta Bellardi — Pavlovsky 1957: 53, pl. 1, figs. 10a–b. Mitra (Mitraria) friedbergi var. hoernesi (Mayer, 1864) —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 159, pl. 42, fig. 6. ? Mitra hoernesi Mayer, 1864 — Strausz 1966: 362, pl. 41, figs. 15–18. Mitra (Mitra) multistriata Mayer-Eymar — Cernohorsky 1976: 377, pl. 323G, fig. 6 [non Bellardi, 1887]. Mitraria (Mitraria) friedbergi (Cossmann, 1912) — Popa et al. 2014: 15, pl. 4, fig. 6 [non Cossmann, 1912]. Isara hoernesi (Mayer, 1864) — Harzhauser & Landau 2021: 44, Figs. 12A1–A2, B1–B2, C1–C2, D1–D2, E1–E2, F1–F2, G1–G2, H1–H2. non Mitra (Mitraria) friedbergi hoernesi Mayer —Kókay 1966: 62, pl. 9, fig. 7 [= Fraudiziba mathiasi (Ba&lstrok;uk, 1997)]. Type material. Two specimens, dimension not stated, Pinheiros, Santa Maria Island, Azores, Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene: whereabouts unknown (Beu 2017:165). Original description. “ Die vordre Hälfte einer Schaale aus anderthalb Windungen bestehend stimmt ganz mit der genannten miocänen Art, aber auch mit der im Mittelmeere lebenden M. cornea Lmk. ̧berein, nur dass sie etwas gedrungener oder im Verhältniss zur Länge etwas dicker zu seyn scheint. Diese geringe Abweichung in Verbindung mit der Unvollständigkeit des Exemplars hindert uns an fester Bestimmung der Art. (Findet sich anderwärts im Mayencien, im Astésien, und im Helvétien zu Wien.) [The front half of a shell consisting of one and a half whorls corresponds entirely to the Miocene species mentioned, but also to the M. cornea Lmk. living in the Mediterranean, except that it seems to be somewhat stockier or somewhat thicker in relation to its length. This slight deviation in connection with the incompleteness of the specimen prevents us from firmly determining the species. (Found elsewhere in the Mayencian, in Astésian, and in the Helvétian of Vienna.]” (Bronn in Reiss, 1862: 25). Discussion. Bronn in Reiss (1862: 25) recorded M. aperta Bellardi, 1850, from Santa Maria without illustrating it. Mayer (1864: 82) considered the Santa Maria specimen conspecific with M. aperta in Ĥrnes (1852b: 97, pl. 10, figs. 1–3 [non Mitra aperta Bellardi, 1850]) from the Middle Miocene Badanian Paratethys of Austria. The Paratethyan species was recently revised and illustrated by Harzhauser & Landau (2021: 44). Those authors again stressed that it was impossible to separate Episcomitra and Isara based on conchological features alone, following the molecular phylogeny of Fedosov et al. (2018), and chose to place this species in Isara as it is morphologically closely similar to the present-day Isara cornea (Lamarck, 1811). Whether the Azorean specimens are conspecific or not with those from the Paratethys, is impossible to evaluate as the Santa Maria shells were never figured and presumed lost. No further specimen attributable to the species have been found. Distribution. Middle Miocene: Paratethys. Ukraine (Friedberg 1911), Austria (Ĥrnes 1852b; Harzhausen & Landau 2021), Czech Republic, Croatia (Pavlovsky 1957), Hungary (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954), Romania (Hoernes & Auinger 1880; Popa et al. 2014), Bulgaria (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).?Lower Pliocene: Atlantic, Santa Maria Island, Azores (Bronn in Reiss 1862; Mayer, 1864)., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on pages 79-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Mayer, K. (1864). Die Tertiar-fauna der Azoren und Madeiren. Zurich, published by the author. Z ¸ rich: vi + 107 pp. + 7 pls.","Bellardi, L. (1850) Monografia delle mitre fossili del Piemonte. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, 11 (2), 1 - 34, pls. 1 - 2. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59630","Reiss, W. (1862) Mittheilungen u ¨ ber die tertia ¨ ren Schichten von Santa Maria, der su ¨ dlichsten der Azoren, und ihre organischen Einschlu ¨ sse. Nebst Beschreibung dieser letzten und Abbildung der neuen Arten, von H. G. Bronn. Neues Jahrbuch fu ¨ r Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefactunkunde, 1862, 1 - 48.","Brocchi, G. (1814) s. n. In: Conchiologia fossile subapennina, con osservazioni geologiche sugli Apennini e sul suolo adiacente. Vols. 1 - 2. Stamperia Reale, Milano, pp. 1 - 240 & 241 - 712, 16 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11569","Mayer-Eymar, C. [(1891) 1890] Diagnoses specierum novarum ex agris mollassicis seu neogenis, in Museo Turicensi conservatarum. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Z ¸ rich, 35, 290 - 301.","Friedberg, W. (1911 - 1928) Mieczaki miocenskie ziem Polskich (Mollusca Miocaenica Poloniae). 1. Slimaki i lodkonogi. 1. Gastropoda et Scaphopoda. Muzeum Imienia Dzieduszyckich, Lwow, 631 pp. [issued in parts: 1: 1 - 112, pls. 1 - 5 (1911), 2: 113 - 240, pls. 6 - 14 (1912), 3: 241 - 360, pls. 15 - 20 (1914), 4: 361 - 440, pls. 21 - 26 (1923), 5: 441 - 631, pls. 27 - 38 (1928).","Csepreghy-Meznerics, I. (1954) A Keletcserhaiti Helveiti eis Tortoinai fauna. Annales Instituti Geologici Publici Hungarici, 41, 1 - 185.","Strausz, L. (1954) Va´rpalotai Felso´- Mediterra´n Csiga´k. Les gastropods du Mediterrane´en Supe´rieur (Tortonien) de Varpalota. Geologica Hungarica, 25, 1 - 150.","Pavlovsky, M. (1957) Prilog Pznavanju miocenskih Gastropoda Zapres ˇ ic-brijega kraj Samobora. Geolos ˇ ki Vjesnik, 10, 51 - 56.","Kojumdgieva, E. M. & Strachimirov, B. (1960) Les fossiles de Bulgarie. 7. Tortonien. Acadeimie des Sciences de Bulgarie, Sofia, 317 pp.","Strausz, L. (1966) Die Mioza ¨ n-Mediterranen Gastropoden ungarns. Akade´miai Kiado´, Budapest, 692 pp.","Cernohorsky, W. O. (1976) The Mitridae of the world. 1. The subfamily Mitrinae. Indo-Pacific Mollusca, 3 (17), 273 - 528.","Popa, M. V., Duma, A. & Sa ˘ pla ˘ can, A. (2014) Badenian gastropods from the collections of the Mures ¸ County Museum. Analele Stiintifice ale Universitatii ' Al. I. Cuza' din Iasi Seria Geologie, 60, 5 - 30.","Harzhauser, M. & Landau, B. M. (2021) An overlooked diversity - the Costellariidae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa, 4982 (1), 1 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4210.1.1","Baluk, W. (1997) Middle Miocene (Badenian) gastropods from Korytnica, Poland. 3. Acta Geologica Polonica, 47, 1 - 75.","Beu, A. G. (2017) Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae). Records of the Australian Museum, 69, 119 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 2201 - 4349.69.2017.1666","Fedosov, A., Puillandre, N., Herrmann, M., Kantor, Yu., Oliverio, M., Dgebuadze, P., Modica, M. V. & Bouchet, P. (2018) The collapse of Mitra: molecular systematics and morphology of the Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 183 (2), 253 - 337. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 073","Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. (1811) Suite de la de´termination des espe`ces de Mollusques Testace´s. Ovule. (Ovula). Annales du Museium d'Histoire Naturelle, 16, 109 - 114.","Landau, B. M. & Micali, P. (2021) The Pliocene Gastropoda of Estepona, southern Spain. Part 13. Murchisonelloidea and Pyramidelloidea. Cainozoic Research, 21 (2), 201 - 393."]}

Trochus Niloticus? Linné— Mayer 1864: 61. Discussion. Mayer (1864: 61) recorded one specimen as Trochus Niloticus? Linné, from the locality of Ponta dos Matos. The current valid name for this species is Rochia nilotica (Linnaeus, 1767), which has an Indo-Pacific distribution, and therefore it is unlikely that Mayer record is conspecific., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on page 100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, {"references":["Mayer, K. (1864). Die Tertiar-fauna der Azoren und Madeiren. Zurich, published by the author. Z ¸ rich: vi + 107 pp. + 7 pls.","Linnaeus, C. (1767) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Regnum Animale. Vol. 2. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], 594 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 157601"]}

Genus Africonus Petuch, 1975 Type species. Conus cuneolus Reeve, 1843 (Petuch 1975: 262), by original designation. Present-day, Mauritanian., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on page 81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Petuch, E. J. (1975) A review of the small Mauritanian cone shells with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Gastropoda: Conidae). The Veliger, 17 (3), 262 - 263.","Reeve, L. A. (1843) Monograph of the genus Conus. In: Reeve, L. & Co (Ed.), Conchologia Iconica, or illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals. Vol. 1. Reeve, London, pp. 1 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8129"]}

Genus Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 Type species. Turbo petholatus Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus 1758: 761), by subsequent designation (Montfort 1810). Present-day, Indo-Pacific., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Montfort, D. de (1810) Conchyliologie syste´matique, ou classification me´thodique des coquilles; offrant leurs figures, leur arrangement ge´ne´rique, leurs descriptions caracte´ristiques, leurs noms; ainsi que leur synonymie en plusieurs langues. Ouvrage destine´a`faciliter l'e´tude dew coquilles, ainsi que leur disposition dans les cabinets d'histoire naturelle. Coquilles univalves, non cloissonne´es. Coquilles univalves, non cloisonne´es. Schoell, F., Paris, 676 pp."]}

Talisman scrobilator (Linnaeus, 1758) Plate 4 B * Murex scrobilator Linnaeus 1758: 749. Murex rana var. Brocchi 1814: 401 (non Murex rana Linnaeus, 1758). Triton scrobiculator Lamarck 1816: 4, pl. 414, fig. 1. Bufonaria pesleonis Schumacher 1817: 252. Triton scrobiculator Lamarck 1822: 180. Murex nodosus Borson 1825: 310. Ranella tuberculata Risso 1826: 203, pl. 9, fig. 123. Triton scrobiculator Lam. — Bellardi & Michelotti 1840: 33, pl. 2, fig. 7. Triton scrobiculator Lamarck — Reeve 1844a, pl. 8, fig. 28. Ranella coriacea Reeve 1844b, pl. 4, fig. 26. Ranella nodosa Sismonda 1847: 40. Apollon quercina M̂rch 1852: 106. Ranella scrobiculata Kiener —Ĥrnes 1853: 212, pl. 21, figs. 3-5. Ranella nodosa E. Sism. — D’Ancona 1872: 61, pl. 8, figs. 5a, b. Ranella nodosa (Bors.) — Bellardi 1873: 233, pl. 15, fig. 5. Ranella (Apollon) nodosa (Bors.) var. subanodosa Sacco 1904: 39, pl. 11, fig. 1. Ranella (Apollon) nodosa (Bors.) var. mioquinqueseriata Sacco 1904: 39, pl. 11, fig. 2. Bursa (Bufonariella) scrobiculata, Linnaeo, with eight varieties—Settepassi 1970: Cymatiidae vii, pl. 5, figs. 14, 15; pl. 6, figs. 16-18. Bursa (Bufonariella) scrobiculator nodosa (Borson) — Caprotti 1970: 172, pl. 6, fig. 3. Bursa (Bufonariella) nodosa (Borson, 1825) — Pavia 1976b: 153, pl. 2, figs. 2, 5. Ranella tuberculata Risso, 1826 — Arnaud 1978: 139, pl. 10, fig. 167. Bursa (Bufonariella) scrobiculator (Linné 1758) — Cuerda Barceló 1987: 265, pl. 23, fig. 2. Bursa nodosa (Borson, 1825) — Damarco 1993: 75, fig. unnumbered. Bursa (Colubrellina) scrobilator scrobilator (Linnaeus, 1758) — Cossignani 1994: 88, 89. Bursa (Colubrellina) scrobilator coriacea (Reeve, 1844) — Cossignani 1994: 89, fig. unnumbered. Bursa (Bufonariella) nodosa (Borson, 1825) — Ba&lstrok;uk 1995: 210, pl. 18, figs. 4-5. Bursa (Colubrellina) scrobilator scrobilator (Linnaeus, 1758) — Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. 1997: 242, figs. 903, 904. Bursa scrobiculator (Linnaeus, 1758) — Verdejo Guirao 2001: 14-18, figs. 2-17. Bursa scrobilator (Linnaeus, 1758) — Landau et al. 2004b: 66, pl. 5, figs. 3-5, pl. 10, fig. 1. Bursa scrobilator (Linnaeus, 1758) —Rolán 2005: 99, pl. 28, fig. 419. Bursa scrobilator (Linné, 1758) —Chirli 2008: 103, pl. 37, figs. 11–16, pl. 38, figs. 1–4. Bursa scrobilator (Linnaeus, 1758) — Landau et al. 2009: 75, pl. 7, figs. 10-11. Bursa scrobilator (Linnaeus, 1758) —Hernández et al. 2011: 512, figs. 56 F-H. Bursa scrobiculator (Linnaeus, 1758) — Landau et al. 2011: 19, pl. 8, fig. 6. Santa Maria material examined. Maximum height 9.0 mm, width 6.0 mm. Two specimens from LNEG collection (unnumbered specimen), Ponta do Norte lighthouse, DBUA-F 829-1 (1) Ponta do Castelo; DBUA-F 830 -D (1), Ponta dos Frades; one specimen from LNEG collection (unnumbered), Ponta dos Cedros, Santa Maria Island, Azores, Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene. Description. ‘ coriacea form’: “ Shell medium-sized, solid, fusiform, slightly dorsoventrally compressed, with an elevated, scalate spire. Protoconch dome-shaped, of 3.25 smooth convex whorls, diameter 2.0 mm, height 1.83 mm, with small nucleus, diameter 0.29 mm, suture impressed. Junction with teleoconch sharply delimited, prosocline. Teleoconch of five angular whorls separated by superficial, linear suture. Spire whorls with very broad, concave sutural ramp, delimited by rounded spiral cord forming periphery, and by narrow concave abapical potion. Axial sculpture of 11-12 almost obsolete ribs, developed only on spiral sculpture, where small, rounded nodules are formed. Entire teleoconch surface covered in fine spiral sculpture of horizontally elongate granules. Varices present on all whorls at intervals of c.190º. Last whorl approximately 70% total height, convex, slightly angled at shoulder just above mid-whorl, rounded at base. Last whorl bears four subobsolete nodular cords, adapical cord most strongly developed and most nodular; cords weaken abapically. Aperture ovate, approximately 50% total height. Outer lip convex, thickened by prominent labial varix, deticulate within, with four to five sets of denticles, each set consisting of two or, in a few specimens, three denticles. Anal canal shallow, narrow; siphonal canal short, narrow, strongly adaxially recurved. Columella concave, with narrow parietal fold, below which entire columella bears numerous irregular elongate ridges. Parietal and columellar callus thickened, weakly expanded, sharply delimited. Columellar callus slightly detached over neck. Siphonal fasciole very short, bearing eight to ten finely beaded secondary spiral cords ”. (Landau et al. 2004b: 67). Discussion. In their molecular phylogeny of frog shells, Sanders et al. (2020) found the genus Bursa R̂ding, 1798 to be polyphyletic, and resurrected the monotypic genus Talisman de Folin, 1887 for the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Murex scrobilator Linnaeus, 1758. As discussed by Landau et al. (2004b: 67) two forms occur, the ‘ nodosa ’ Borson, 1825 and the ‘ coriacea ’ Reeve 1844. As suggested by the name, the ‘ nodosa ’ form has larger and fewer tubercles placed at the shoulder than the typical Mediterranean form of Talisman scrobilator (Linnaeus, 1758) and the ‘ coriacea ’ form is relatively smooth compared to typical present-day Mediterranean form. Those authors considered these forms to represent extreme morphotypes of a single species. The specimen from the Azores is juvenile but suggests that it belongs to the ‘ coriacea ’ form which today occurs along the west coast of Africa, from Morocco to Angola, including the Azores. In fact, those authors stressed that in the Azores the typical scrobilator and ‘ coriacea ’ forms coexist, suggesting that they do indeed represent a single species. For further discussion, see Landau et al. (2004 b, 2009). Distribution. Talisman scrobilator, ‘ nodosa form’: Middle Miocene: Paratethys Austria, (Ĥrnes 1856; Landau et al. 2009), Poland (Ba&lstrok;uk 1995). Upper Miocene: Proto-Mediterranean, Italy (Bellardi 1873; Sacco 1904), France (Cossmann & Peyrot 1924). Lower Pliocene: central Mediterranean, Italy (Bellardi 1873; Pavia 1976b; Chirli 2008). Upper Pliocene: western Mediterranean, Estepona Basin, Spain (Landau et al. 2004b); central Mediterranean, Italy (Bellardi 1873; Glibert 1963; Sacco 1904; Caprotti 1970; Damarco 1993). Lower Pleistocene: Agaete, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands (Meco et al. 2002); Balearic Islands (Cuerda Barceló 1987). Talisman scrobilator, ‘ coriacea form’: Lower Pliocene: Atlantic, Santa Maria Island, Azores (this paper); Guadalquivir Basin, Spain (Landau et al. 2011). Upper Pliocene: western Mediterranean, Estepona Basin, Spain (Landau et al., 2004b). Lower Pleistocene boundary: Caribbean, Moin Formation, Costa Rica (Gabb, 1881; BLP coll.; Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, many localities; Tulane University collections, now in USNM and IGNS). Present-day: Mediterranean, Straits of Gibraltar, Portugal and Canaries (Hernández et al., 2011), and northern Morocco (B. scrobilator, (“typical” form); southwards along the West African coast, Madeira, Cabo Verde Islands and Selvagens Islands (Rolán, 2005) to Angola (“ coriacea ” form); the two forms intergrade at the Azores. Lives on rocky shores, 10-100m depth (Poppe & Goto, 1991)., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on pages 57-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Brocchi, G. (1814) s. n. In: Conchiologia fossile subapennina, con osservazioni geologiche sugli Apennini e sul suolo adiacente. Vols. 1 - 2. Stamperia Reale, Milano, pp. 1 - 240 & 241 - 712, 16 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11569","Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. (1816) TTableau encyclope´dique et me´thodique des trois re`gnes de la nature ..., 23. Mollusques et polypes divers. Liste des objets repre´sente´s dans les planches de cette livraison. Veuve Agasse, Paris, 16 pp.","Schumacher, C. F. (1817) Essai d'un nouveau systeIme des habitations des vers testaceis. Schultz, Copenhagen, 287 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35863","Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. (1822) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans verte`bres, pre´sentant des characte`res ge´ne´raux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales espe`ces qui s'y rapportent, pre´ce´de´e d'une introduction offrant la de´termination des caracte`res essentiels de l'animal, sa distinction du ve´ge´tal et des autres corps naturels; enfin, l'exposition des principes fondamentaux de la zoologie, 7. Lamarck, Paris, 711 pp.","Borson, S. (1825) Saggio di orittografia piemontese. Memorie della Reale Academia di Scienze di Torino, 29, 251 - 318.","Risso, A. (1826) Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe me´ridionale et principalement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes-Maritimes. 4. Mollusques. Levrault, Paris, 439 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58984","Bellardi L. & Michelotti G. (1840). Saggio orittographico sulla classe dei gasteropodi fossili dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte. 82 pp., 8 pls. [Also published in 1841 as: Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, Series 2, 3, 93 - 174, pls. 2 - 9]","Reeve, L. A. (1844 a) Monograph of the genus Triton. In: Reeve, L. & Co (Ed.), Conchologia Iconica, or illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals. Vol. 2. Reeve, London, pp. 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8129","Reeve, L. A. (1844 b) Monograph of the genus Ranella. In: Reeve, L. & Co (Ed.), Conchologia Iconica, or illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals. Vol. 2. Reeve, London, pp. 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8129","Sismonda, E. (1847) Synopsis methodica animalium invertebratorum pedemontii fossilium (exceptis speciebus ineditis). Typis Regiis, Augustae Taurinorum, VIII + 62 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14409","D'Ancona, C. (1872) Malacologia pliocenica italiana. Fascicolo II. Generi: Pisania, Ranella, Triton, Fasciolaria, Turbinella, Cancellaria, Fusus. G. Barbera, Firenze, pp. 55 - 141, pls. 8 - 15. [reissued 1873: Memorie per servire alla Descrizione della Carta Geologica d'Italia, 2, 173 - 259, pls. 8 - 15].","Bellardi, L. (1873) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 1. Cephalopoda, Pteropoda, Heteropoda, Gasteropoda (Muricidae e Tritonidae). Stamperia Reale, Torino, 261 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12269","Sacco, F. (1904) I Molluschi dei terreni terziari del Piemonte e della Liguria. 30. Aggiunte e correzioni. Considerazioni generali. Indice generale dell'opera (con 1400 figure). Carlo Clausen, Torino, xxxvi + 203 pp., 31 pls.","Caprotti, E. (1970) Mesogastropoda della stratotipo piacenziano (Castell'Arquato, Piacenza). Natura, Atti della Societa`Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 61, 121 - 187.","Pavia, G. (1976 b) I tipi di alcuni gasteropodi terziari di Stefano Borson. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 15, 145 - 158.","Arnaud, P. M. (1978) Revision des taxa malacologiques mediterraneens introduits par Antoine Risso. Annales du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Nice, 5, 101 - 150, 4 pls.","Cuerda Barcelo, J. (1987) Molluscos marinos y salobres del Pleistoceno Balear. Caja de Baleares ' Sa Nostra', Palma de Mallorca, 421 pp.","Damarco, P. (1993) The paleontological reserve of the Andona and Botto valleys. 2. World Shells, 4, 74 - 76.","Cossignani, T. (1994) Bursidae of the world. L'Informatore Piceno, Ancona, 119 pp.","Baluk, W. (1995) Middle Miocene (Badenian) gastropods from Korytnica, Poland. 2. Acta Geologica Polonica, 45, 1 - 255.","Giannuzzi-Savelli, R., Pusateri, F., Palmeri, A. & Ebreo, C. (1997) Atlante delle conchiglie marine del Mediterraneo. Vol. 2. Caenogastropoda 1. Discopoda-Heteropoda. La Conchiglia, Roma, 258 pp.","Verdejo Guirao, J. F. (2001) About Bursa scrobilator Linne, 1758. La Conchiglia, 298, 14 - 19.","Landau, B. M., Beu, A. & Marquet, R. (2004 b) The early Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona, southern Spain. 5. Tonnoidea, Ficoidea. Palaeontos, 5, 35 - 102.","Landau, B. M., Harzhauser, M. & Beu, A. G. (2009) A revision of the Tonnoidea (Caenogastropoda, Gastropoda) from the Miocene Paratethys and their palaeobiogeographic implications. Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 149 (1), 61 - 109.","Landau, B. M., Silva, C. M. da & Mayoral, E. (2011) The lower Pliocene gastropods of the Huelva Sands Formation, Guadalquivir Basin, southwestern Spain. Palaeofocus, 4, 1 - 90.","Glibert, M. (1963) Les Mesogastropoda fossiles du Cenozoique etranger des collections de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Deuxieme partie: Fossaridae a Ficidae (inclus). Memoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Series 2, 73, 1 - 154.","Meco, J., Gillou, H., Carracedo, J. C., Lomoschitz, A., Ramos, A. J. G. & Rodriguez-Yanez, J. J. (2002) The maximum warmings of the Pleistocene world climate recorded in the Canary Islands. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 185, 197 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0031 - 0182 (02) 00300 - 0","Gabb, W. M. (1881) Descriptions of new species of fossils from the Pliocene clay beds between Limon and Moen, Costa Rica, together with notes on previously known species from there and elsewhere in the Caribbean area. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Series 2, 8, 349 - 380.","Poppe, G. T. & Goto, Y. (1991) European seashells. 1. Polyplacophora, Caudofoveata, Solenogastra, Gastropoda. Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 352 pp."]}

Purpura haemastoma Linné — Mayer 1864: 74. Discussion. Mayer (1864: 74) recorded one specimen with certainty from Feteirinhas (= Ponta das Salinas) and a second doubtful specimen from Pinheiros. Stramonita haemastoma Linnaeus, 1767 is reported from the Pleistocene outcrops in Santa Maria Island, found in small numbers, in Prainha, Praia, Lagoinhas and the Vinha Velha deposits (Ávila, 2005; Ávila et al., 2002, 2009a, 2009b; 2015). In the DBUA-F collection, we also examined specimens that were supposedly from Lower Pliocene outcrops from Santa Maria. On detailed examination of the shell preservation and the lack of matrix within the aperture of any of the specimens, from supposedly Pliocene strata, we could not convince ourselves that any of these specimens were truly Pliocene. Stramonita haemastoma lives in intertidal habitats, and shells found close to the Pliocene strata were probably transported by storms or birds. Therefore, this species is excluded from the Pliocene assemblages of Santa Maria pending further finds., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on page 100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Mayer, K. (1864). Die Tertiar-fauna der Azoren und Madeiren. Zurich, published by the author. Z ¸ rich: vi + 107 pp. + 7 pls.","Linnaeus, C. (1767) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Regnum Animale. Vol. 2. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], 594 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 157601","Avila, S. P., Amen, R., Azevedo, J. M. N., Cach \" o, M. & Garcia-Talavera, F. (2002) Checklist of the Pleistocene Marine Molluscs of Prainha and Lagoinhas (Santa Maria Island, Azores). Acoreana, 9 (4), 343 - 370.","Avila, S. P., Madeira, P., Zazo, C., Kroh, A., Kirby, M., da Silva, C. M., Cach \" o, M. & Martins, A. M. F. (2009 a) Palaeoecology of the Pleistocene (MIS 5.5) outcrops of Santa Maria Island (Azores) in a complex oceanic tectonic setting. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 274 (1 - 2), 18 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2008.12.014","Avila, S. P., Silva, C. M. da, Schiebel, R., Cecca, F., Backeljau, T. & Martins, A. M. F. (2009 b) How did they get here? The biogeography of the marine molluscs of the Azores. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, 180 (4), 295 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.2113 / gssgfbull. 180.4.295"]}