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Summary This study was designed to determine the seroprevalence rate of Brucellosis and to identify the risk factors for Brucella infection in camels intended for export from Kassala State. A total of 400 blood samples were collected for serum from all Kassala localities, tested using Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT) and Competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay C.ELISA). The prevalence rate was (29.5 %) and (27.8%) based on the results of RBPT and C.ELISA respectively. According to sex, the prevalence rate of the disease was (30.4%) out of 335 in males and (24.6%) out of 65 in females. There were no clinical signs of camel's Brucellosis in all tested animals. The prevalence of the disease was (14.4%) in Rural KhashmElgerba, (15.3%) in North Delta, (8.5%) in Wad Elhilau, Rural Kassala (11.9%), Hamashkoreb (12.7%), Rustic Arouma (14.4%), Talkook (16.9%) and Atbra river locality (5.9%) with a significant statistical difference. Herds with more than 20 camels were more frequently affected. In this study the Seroprevalence of Brucella was (9.3 %) in young (1-2 years) and (23.7%) in adult camels (above 5 years). The results of the present study provide the status of seropositivity to Brucella in camels intended for export in Kassala State and the risk factors that contribute to prevalence of Brucellosis among camels. This situation requires more attention and effort to implement. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 10(4): 216-220.

Treatment of keloids is usually challenging, requiring a multimodal approach with no universally accepted treatment modality among the wide range of alternative keloid treatments. Excision of keloid lesion usually eliminates symptoms and it is the main treatment with considerable recurrence rate. Recurrence rate ranges from 45-100% when surgical excision is performed as monotherapy. Furthermore, Recurrent Keloids have a higher recurrence rate after surgery. In this case we discuss a challenging case of young female presented with third recurrence in lobule of the ear with defect necessitated flap reconstruction with concern for possible damage by the flap if radiation was given as external beam postoperatively. Intraoperative electron beam therapy was utilized with high safety and efficacy. To our knowledge this is the first case in the Middle East to use this technique in treating Keloid. Conclusion Treatment of keloids is usually challenging, requiring a multimodal approach. Excision of keloid lesion usually eliminates symptoms and it is the main treatment with considerable recurrence rate .Recurrence rate ranges from 45-100% when surgical excision is performed as monotherapy. Furthermore, Recurrent Keloids have a higher recurrence rate after surgery. Radiation is a valid option for decreasing risk of recurrence in recurrent keloid with high safety and efficacy profile. In this case we discuss a challenging case of young female presented with third recurrence in lobule of the ear with defect necessitated flap reconstruction with concern for possible damage by the flap if radiation was given as external beam postoperatively. Intraoperative electron beam therapy was utilized with high safety and efficacy. To our knowledge this is the first case in the Middle East to use this technique in treating Keloid. Keywords: Keloid; Radiation; Intraoperative Radiation; IOeRT

This study investigated the potential of adsorption behaviour of methyl orange onto hybrid spherical silica adsorbent. Removal of dye has been a problem worldwide and the study of removing dye through adsorption method is quite limited. This study aims to synthesize and characterize spherical silica (SSi) adsorbent and evaluate its adsorption capacity of it. The spherical silica adsorbent (SSi) was prepared using oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion polymerization modification where Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS) acts as the silica precursor. The physicochemical properties of SiNs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning (FESEM), nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis (NAD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The batch adsorption study for the methyl orange removal parameters such as pH (2-10 ) and agitation time (0-180 minutes). The experimental adsorption data were further evaluated using several adsorption kinetic models, namely pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and Elovich kinetic models. The diffusion kinetics model includes the Weber-Morris plot, Fick’s Law equation and Boyd plot. The result shows that the spherical silica (SSi) adsorbent at pH 2 has the highest adsorption capacity amongst another adsorbent towards methyl orange which is 45.05 mg/g. Furthermore, the equilibrium time for methyl orange adsorption onto SSi was 120 min. The data fitted into a pseudo-second-order kinetic model indicating chemical adsorption, limited by film diffusion.

This study aimed to measure the level of development of international reading (Pearls) between educational systems in the two sessions of 2011-2016. It also aimed to reveal the differences between the sexes in the 2011 session, to identify the factors that helped in the development, and to know the level of development of international reading in the Arab educational systems. The study used the descriptive approach. The sample of the study consisted of fourth-grade students of primary school (49) countries and (9) standard entities in the 2011 cycle, and fourth-grade students of primary school of (50) countries and normative entities in the 2016 session, they represent their entire community. Records and documents (IEA reports) were used in the study tools. In statistical analysis methods, international results report for the 2011 and 2016 cycles were used. The study concluded that there is a significant development in the level of international reading for (48) countries and standard entities in the 2016 session compared to the 2011 session. The study revealed the development of the level of females compared to the level of males in the 2011 cycle. It proved that the stimuli of the knowledge-rich environment contributed to enriching the international reading of students, while the study showed the low level of Arab educational systems. The study concluded with a set of recommendations and suggestions for future studies. Key words: Measurement, improvement, International Readers, Educational Systems, Pearls

هدف البحث الحالي إلى تعرف أثره برنامج تعليمي – تعلمي وفقًا لبعض استراتيجيات التعلم النشط في تحصيل طلاب الصف الأول المتوسط في مادة الرياضيات, لتحقيق ذلك الهدف أختار الباحث عينة من (49) طالب, المجموعة التجريبية (24) طالب والمجموعة الضابطة (25) طالب من طلاب الصف الأول المتوسط في متوسطة (الأندلس للبنين) للعام الدراسي 2020-2021م, وتم بناء اختباراً للتحصيل مكون من (38) فقرة, وتم التأكد من الخصائص السايكومترية للإختبار, وبعد معالجة البيانات إحصائياً باستعمال الإختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين, توصل البحث إلى : - تفوق طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الذين دُرِسوا على وفق البرنامج التعليمي – التعلمي على طلاب المجموعة الضابطة الذين دُرِسوا على وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية في اختبار التحصيل. بعد تفسير النتائج توصل الباحث إلى استنتاجات ووضع توصيات عدة وأقترح مقترحات صالحة للبحث والتجريب.

The research deals with finding the relationship between the purpose as the cause in the Analogy, which the advanced fundamentalists talked about and which is the subject of a difference between them, and Sharia Purpose, and the reasoning in the terminology of the fundamentalists with two meanings; The first requires the explanation of the rulings of God Almighty, and the second is the reasoning that is intended for it in the sections on Analogy, and the fundamentalists’ statements about wisdom in the sections on Analogy. In the issue of the purpose as the cause, there are three sayings for which reasoning is forbidden, and among them are those who are absolutely permitted, and among them are those who restrict them to discipline. The locus of the relationship between the purpose as the cause and the intent lies in the fundamentalists’ words about wisdom that is synonymous with the intent, and the type of intent that the scholars intended in the issue of making wisdom the description of entrusting the ruling with it.

Artistic activities are considered one of the most prominent types of visual arts through which artistic expression is practiced, whether it is intellectual expression or the expression of feelings and feelings. From an emotional and psychological point of view, psychological researchers have also been interested in the field of adolescent arts, for what it contains of psychological facts and indications that reflect their motives, struggles and hidden desires in an unconscious and transcendent manner. Which artistic activities carry for their direct impact on adolescent students and know the impact of these activities on academic achievement through a scale built by the researcher for this purpose. This study found the following: 1) There are differences in the motivation for academic achievement and in favor of the post-test. 2) Technical activities can develop the motivation for academic achievement and make positive change in this field, and this is confirmed by the current study through its findings.

Background: Patients on Polypharmacy due to a chronic illness are at a higher risk of developing some form of negative psychological outcome as a result of their disease. This study aims to determine the impact of Polypharmacy on the Psychological aspect of patients living with a chronic disease. Method: A case-control study conducted among patients in an outpatient clinic of an Internist (July 1st to September 1st, of 2021) in the city of Erbil, Iraq. Data was extracted from a self-assessed questioner amongst 200 patients divided into a Polypharmacy (case group) and non-Polypharmacy group (Control group). Polypharmacy, being defined as the use of five or more medication. A ‘Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale’ (HADS) was used to determine the presence of symptoms of depression and/or anxiety. Results: A totally of 200 patients were included in the study. Of these 100 participants were from the non-polypharmacy group while the remaining 100 were from the polypharmacy group. Of these, depression among non-polypharmacy group (control) participants were 11% while 76% were found to be non-cases of depression. Compared to that, 31% of the polypharmacy group had depression while 51% were non-cases for depression. Also. the prevalence of depression and anxiety was increasing with an increase in number of medications taken by the patients. Depression was present in 11% of patients who took 4 or less medications while the prevalence increased to 21.1%, 34.9% and 42.1% in patients who took five, six to eight, and more than nine medications, respectively Conclusion: There is a significant link between polypharmacy and psychological distress in patients with chronic diseases with a focus on depression and anxiety. Healthcare providers can help in detecting polypharmacy and in providing recommendations for simplifying medication regimes and reducing the outcomes of chronic diseases.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the impact of a major public health emergency on mental health. Objective: To assess psychological impact among university students and train them to raise mental health awareness among their peers during the pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional online survey was carried out over the period of July to September 2020. Study participants were medical and paramedical university students representing students’ union alliance of the Egyptian Youth Initiative (EYI). Non-probability sampling method was used for recruiting the study participants. Key mental health outcomes investigated two weeks prior to the survey were posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and perceived stress. Based on the preliminary analysis of the online questionnaires. A PhD qualified psychiatrist was assigned to develop the online psychosocial support to the volunteers’ students (N=60) to become facilitators for raising mental awareness among peers and train them how to handle stress. Results: Of the 115 students, 42.6% experienced moderate to severe depression, 21.7% were afflicted with moderate to severe anxiety and 62.7% suffered from sub-threshold to severe insomnia. Perceived Stress Scale analysis showed moderate levels of stress among the study participants. A significant difference was detected between pre and posttest mean scores of the PSS (P=0.001) eight weeks after the training program for psychological support. Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that young people suffered of more than one psychological problems and highlighted the urgent need to develop interventions and preventive strategies to address mental health of college students.

BACKGROUND: Digital stories are short videos that use narrative structures to address health outcomes from a personal perspective. AIM: The main objective of this study was to train university students to design a video-based health education program for promoting peer-to-peer education and community awareness. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. The study was conducted as a project for medical students, enrolled in the implementation of the Egyptian Youth Initiative (EYI), executed in response to the Government of Egypt- United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Country Program of Cooperation for 2016 - 2018. A four-day train-the-trainer workshop established for capacity building on DST and video communication. RESULTS: Between June 2017 and May 2018, 120 eligible students were enrolled, among whom median age was 21 years and 67 (55%) were female. Pre- and posttests detected increased percent change of students’ knowledge regarding different health issues. Open-ended questions highlighted pros and cons of the program, the most important skills and knowledge gained, suggestions and recommendations mentioned by the students to maximize the use of this type of workshops in the framework of strengthening and activating the initiative outcome. The trainer created a grading rubric to evaluate student’s video projects. CONCLUSION: The digital story is a lay method to capture meaningful, impactful stories that can be used to advocate for public health concerns and crises. The study highlights the need for high-quality research on the impact of DST in health professionals’ education and behaviors.

تمثل الدولة العميقة أو ما تٌعرف بالدولة المتجذرة كياناً متخفياً في جسم الدولة الوطنية لا يألوا جهداً أو يدّخر وسعاً في التحكم بالقرارات المصيرية التي تمس بالصميم حاضر ومستقبل الأمة ،وهذه الدولة غالباً ما تتألف من أجهزة وإدارات غير منتخبة تعمل بدأب تحت الطاولة وخلف الكواليس بعيداً عن الأنظار حتى يمكن تشبيهها بالأخطبوط الذي له اذرع متعددة تنتشر في أغلب مفاصل ومؤسسات الدولة الرسمية ولاسيما الحيوية منها على وجه الخصوص . ويعمل جنود ورجالات الدولة العميقة حثيثاً على تعزيز مصالحهم الخاصة في المقام الأول ومن ثم محاربة توجهات معارضيهم ثانياً حتى يكون باستطاعتهم من بلوغ أهدافهم بكل يسر وسهولة وبدون عراقيل تُذكر في هذا المجال ، وغالباّ ما تمتلك هذه الدولة من الوسائل ما يجعلها من إنفاذ مخططاتها وتحقيق أهدافها بسلاسة وتتمثل هذه الوسائل بالمال والسلاح. إن هذه الدولة من حيث بعدها البنيوي تعد تنظيماً غير رسمي له مصالحه وامتداده الواسعة والعريضة في الداخل والخارج على حد سواء، وله عدة أقنعة واًوجه منها ما هو خفيّ ومستتر ومنها ما هو معلن وصريح ، يأخذ على عاتقه تحريك الجهات والأطراف المحسوبة عليه في مؤسسات الدولة الوطنية لتنفيذ المخططات المرسومة له ، ولا يتردد أنصار هذه الدولة وأتباعها من اللجوء الى العنف ضد خصومهم إذا اقتضت الضرورة لذلك ، الأمر الذي يهدد السلم المجتمعي ويجعله على شفير الهاوية . إن ضرب الأمن والاستقرار وتفتيت النسيج الوطني تعد من أولويات أهداف هذه الدولة التي تحاول بكل ما تستطيع من أن تعمل على تحويل الأمة الى كيانات ضعيفة هزيلة ليست لها القدرة على المقاومة ضد الاخطار المحدقة بها

Este artigo discute, sob a perspectiva de análise da criminologia cultural, os episódios que envolveram posse de armas de fogo e postagens em redes sociais durante o primeiro turno de votação, nas eleições brasileiras de 2018. A hipótese central do artigo consiste em uma reflexão com base na ideia de vontade de representação, que problematiza o significado por trás da transgressão como performance excitante, mediante a qual o sujeito afirma publicamente sua masculinidade embrutecida, com o fim de se empoderar perante a subcultura a que pertence, e intimidar potenciais audiências tidas como inimigas, no âmbito da sociedade do espetáculo, e no contexto histórico da modernidade tardia e crise da democracia.

The structural element within the whole structure contains structural elements like beams, slabs, columns and reinforced concrete walls. One of the most vertical structural elements is shear wall that built to giving stability to the building, resisting lateral force such as earthquake and wind and to reduce the building deformations. In present study, the analysis of corrugated vertical steel plate shear walls using finite element method by ABAQUS software is examined. Four different modes are analysed in which the first model is vertical corrugated steel shear wall plate, second is the composite shear wall with full interaction, third is the composite shear wall and finally the fourth model is composite shear wall with gap between concrete panel and steel frame to check out the full performance of different shear wall under the effects of cyclic loadings. Displacement, drift and energy dissipation will investigate throughout analysis. Analysis results indicated that the gap and composite action between steel and concrete panel play an important role on the performance of shear wall under cyclic loading. The decrease in displacement of composite shear wall as compared with the steel shear wall reach 11.86%.

This study examines street-level bureaucrats’ discretion as it informs their enforcement style during personal encounters with clients and considers how that style defines bureaucrats’ perceptions of their clients. A conceptual model is developed based on street-level bureaucracy theory and existing implementation literature and is tested using field data collected from a sample of 241 labor inspectors in the Malaysian Department of Labor. Structural Equation Modelling results show that discretion was positively related to client meaningfulness, and the relationship between discretion and client meaningfulness was significantly mediated by the accommodation and facilitation dimensions of enforcement style. The findings are significant as they illuminate street-level bureaucrats’ behavior and perceptions during encounters with clients and confirm that enforcement style is a three-dimensional concept. Moreover, this research argues that the perceptions of bureaucrats toward their clients redefines their behavior during the policy enforcement process and ultimately shapes their encounters with the public. Furthermore, theory and practical implications derived from the findings are discussed.

The research includes words about the importance of measuring in the ruling of Al-Naazila (accident), the importance of purposes of Sharia in making the ruling of Al-Naazla. Which proved that there is a relation between the measurement and purposes of Al-Sharia, and recruiting this relation to access the correct judgment. To be the purposes are derived from the paths of reason in measurement or were perfected. To prevent unlimited updates in all sections of Islamic jurisprudence and of these updates is the procedure section. For example, Hzm’s currency appeared recently whom many Muslims dealt with, especially people of Anbar and the effect of measurement related to the purposes of Sharia to produce its judgment.

Abstract A series of N-4 piperazinyl ciprofloxacin derivatives as urea-tethered ciprofloxacin-chalcone hybrids 2a-j and thioacetyl-linked ciprofloxacin-pyrimidine hybrids 5a-i were synthesized. The target compounds were investigated for their antibacterial activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and C. albicans strains, respectively. Ciprofloxacin derivatives 2a-j and 5a-i revealed broad antibacterial activity against either Gram positive or Gram negative strains, with MIC range of 0.06–42.23 µg/mL compared to ciprofloxacin with an MIC range of 0.15–3.25 µg/mL. Among the tested compounds, hybrids 2b, 2c, 5a, 5b, 5h, and 5i exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity with MIC range of 0.06–1.53 µg/mL against the tested bacterial strains. On the other hand, compounds 2c, 2e, 5c, and 5e showed comparable antifungal activity to ketoconazole against candida albicans with MIC range of 2.03–3.89 µg/mL and 2.6 µg/mL, respectively. Further investigations showed that some ciprofloxacin hybrids have inhibitory activity against DNA gyrase as potential molecular target compared to ciprofloxacin with IC50 range of 0.231 ± 0.01–7.592 ± 0.40 µM and 0.323 ± 0.02 µM, respectively. Docking studies of compounds 2b, 2c, 5b, 5c, 5e, 5h, and 5i on the active site of DNA gyrase (PDB: 2XCT) confirmed their ability to form stable complex with the target enzyme like that of ciprofloxacin. Graphical abstract

Background: Burn is bodily injury resulting from exposure to heat, electricity, or some radiations, marked by varying degrees of skin destruction and hyper anemia often with the formation of watery blisters Aim of study: to assess Nurses' Knowledge, Practice and, Attitude, Regarding Burn Injury Management. Subjects and methods: Descriptive study. The study was conducted at three hospitals (Beni-Suef general hospital, Minia general hospital and, Minia university hospital)first and second hospital affiliated to ministry of health, the third one affiliated to ministry of higher education. Forty nurses where included in the current study sample. Three tools of data collection were used to carry out this study namely, tool 1): Structured Self-Administered Questionnaire that include two parts; part 1): demographic characteristics, and part 2): nurse's knowledge, Tool П-: Nurses’ observational checklists procedure, and Tool IП: Structured nurse's attitude scales. Results: majority of the studied nurses (82.5%) had unsatisfactory knowledge, and, (100%) had unsatisfactory practices and negative attitude regarding burn injury management. Conclusion and recommendations: Most of nurses had shortage knowledge level, poor practice and, negative attitude due to lack of educational program, lack of training and, no update to nurse's performances so, the current study recommended that importance of Provide continuous education and update for nurses regarding evidence based nursing practices about burn patients and, provide sufficient supplies and equipment from hospital administration for nurses to perform their practice in a high quality, safe and in efficient way

AIM: This was a prospective double-blinded randomized comparative study. Several authors have reported the efficacy of platelets derivatives for spinal union. However, the use of PRP and PRF for bone fusion with TLIF has not been fully explored. METHODS: Standard open TLIF surgery was performed on 80 patients, randomized in three groups, TLIF and local bone were used in 40 patients (control group) and TLIF, local bone, and PRP were used in 20 patients (PRP group) and PRF was used in 20 patients (PRF group). Radiological parameters were assessed by X-ray after 3 months post-operative to evaluate the position of the screws and cage migration and by CT scans at 6 months and 12 months postoperatively. Patients, surgeons, and post-surgical analysis were blinded. RESULTS: VAS scores for lower back pain and leg pain were statistically significant between the three groups preoperatively. The VAS scores of back pain improved after 12 months and were statistically significant (p < 0.001) and the VAS score of leg pain improved compared with preoperatively in the three groups during the 6- and 12-month follow-up postoperatively, however, the three groups, VAS scores for leg pain were not significantly different. After 1-year follow-up, significantly more patients achieved definite fusion, when implanted platelets derivatives compared with the control group, but with no significance regarding fusion rates. CONCLUSION: We advocated using platelet derivative as a fusion enhancer modality which is cost and time saving. It appears to be a complementary step that ensures better outcome for the patients.

Early diagnosis is considered important for medical images of breast cancer, the rate of recovery and safety of affected women can be improved. It is also assisting doctors in their daily work by creating algorithms and software to analyze the medical images that can identify early signs of breast cancer. This review presents a comparison has been done in term of accuracy among many techniques used for detecting breast cancer in medical images. Furthermore, this work describes the imaging process, and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the used techniques for mammography and ultrasound medical images. K-means clustering algorithm has been specifically used to analyze the medical image along with other techniques. The results of the K-means clustering algorithm are discussed and evaluated to show the capacity of this technique in the diagnosis of breast cancer and its reliability to identify a malignant from a benign tumor.

Low cost activated carbon was produced from available consumed black tea with microwavetechnique and employed as an effective adsorbent for removal of benzene (Bz) and toluene (T) fromwater. The resulted activated carbon was characterized by utilizing dye (methylene blue (MB) andmethyl violet (MV)) adsorption procedures and several techniques such as Fourier transform Infrared(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Rays diffraction (XRD). Commercial activatedcarbon and filter sand as individual and blend samples were also subjected to adsorption of MB, MV,Bz, and T. All obtained results were tabulated and discussed after qualitative and quantitativedeterminations by applying ultraviolet- visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS) for MB and MV dyes, and gaschromatography (GC) instrumentations for Bz and T.

A series of N-4 piperazinyl ciprofloxacin derivatives as urea-tethered ciprofloxacin-chalcone hybrids 2a-j and thioacetyl-linked ciprofloxacin-pyrimidine hybrids 5a-i were synthesized. The target compounds were investigated for their antibacterial activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and C. albicans strains, respectively. Ciprofloxacin derivatives 2a-j and 5a-i revealed broad antibacterial activity against either Gram positive or Gram negative strains, with MIC range of 0.06-42.23 µg/mL compared to ciprofloxacin with an MIC range of 0.15-3.25 µg/mL. Among the tested compounds, hybrids 2b, 2c, 5a, 5b, 5h, and 5i exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity with MIC range of 0.06-1.53 µg/mL against the tested bacterial strains. On the other hand, compounds 2c, 2e, 5c, and 5e showed comparable antifungal activity to ketoconazole against candida albicans with MIC range of 2.03-3.89 µg/mL and 2.6 µg/mL, respectively. Further investigations showed that some ciprofloxacin hybrids have inhibitory activity against DNA gyrase as potential molecular target compared to ciprofloxacin with IC

This research aims to study marine nature and identify its artistic and aesthetic characteristics, and then adapt those values ​​to serve the elements of designing women's evening wear, as well as make use of the features of this nature in creating decorative designs that are implemented in the style of free drawing on women's evening costumes. This is to open new horizons in designing women's evening wear, as well as contribute to the establishment of small projects based on the art of free hand drawing, which reduces unemployment and raises the national economy. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher relied on both the descriptive and analytical approach that dealt with describing the marine nature in order to identify its components and characteristics and then analyze it, and the applied study which consists in creating designs and decorations inspired by this nature. The sample of the study consisted of a group of referees of specialists in the field of clothing and textiles from among the faculty members who numbered (10), and a group of female consumers whose ages ranged from 25 to 40 years and their number (55). The research tools included a questionnaire assessing the decorations executed on the fabrics. In the style of free drawing for specialists and consumers, and a questionnaire evaluating the proposed designs for specialists and consumers. The results concluded with the creation of decorations and designs for evening clothes inspired by the marine nature, which were accepted by professionals and consumers, and the decoration was carried out in a free-drawing style, as well as the designs were analyzed and the materials and color groups were determined. The statistical results also showed that there are statistically significant differences between the proposed designs according to the opinions of specialists and consumers, and in light of the results of the study several recommendations were made, including the intensification of studies with various objectives in the field of fashion design by taking advantage of the marine nature, and adapting marine materials to produce accessories and jewelry used As complements to the marine-inspired designs.

To study the flow characteristics of a two-dimensional jet in crossflow, a slit jet of 1 mm width has been used. The concentration distribution was obtained experimentally using image digitizing technique. The velocity distribution was theoretically studied using a two-dimensional model. A jet centerline trajectory was traced based on both maximum concentration values and maximum velocity values along the flow field for the experimental and theoretical cases, respectively. A reasonable agreement was indicated between both traces. This result can be extended for studying the three dimensional jets in crossflow. An experimental correlation has been developed for jets ist crossflow at different velocity ratios for both near- and far-field.

Struetural features resulting from the interaction of a turbulent jet issuing transversely into a uniform stream are deseribed with the help of flow visualization. Jets to erossflow velocity ratios have been investigated with primary goal of introducing a new experimental technique to study characteristics of jets in crossflow. The technique introduced in this study called image digitizing technique. It is based on capturing series of images using a high speed digital camera then processing the obtained images. Accordingly, a new definition for the average image has been introduced and applied. The obtained conclusions are; Image digitizing technique, provided and used in this study, is a reliable and inexpensive technique. The new method of averaging is more deseriptive for jet characteristics. Jet characteristics, e.g. eonccntration distribution, jet centerline, jet boundaries, .. CIH, can be studied using image digitizing technique. Roll-up shear layer vortiees are obtained, which can help in explaining their role in the entrainment mechanism.

Introduction: Survivors of torture have high rates of mental health problems and can experience a sequela of physical effects with the most common being persistent pain. Similar to survivors of torture, persons that are incarcerated have high rates of mental health problems, persistent pain and pain-related disability.The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of an interdisciplinary group treatment approach, involving psychotherapy and physiotherapy, with survivors of torture whom are incarcerated in a prison in Kurdistan, Iraq. Methods: A parallel group study design was used to compare a treatment group (n=11) and a wait-list control group (n=16). The treatment group participated in an interdisciplinary treatment service for a total of 10 weekly group sessions for each discipline.The primary outcome measures were symptoms of nociplastic pain, anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Secondary outcome measures evaluated physical functioning, sleep quality, and general self-efficacy. Results: A statistically significant reduction in outcome measure scores was seen in all symptoms measured immediately post-treatment. Discussion and Conclusion: These findings suggest that a culturally and contextually appropriate interdisciplinary group treatment intervention for survivors of torture in a prison could be effective for short-term reductions in symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, persistent pain, and function. The study has limitations including a small sample size, lack of long-term outcome measures, and an inability to isolate effect of each component of care. The study does demonstrate the feasibility of implementing research that follows international research standards and practices within under-researched settings and post-conflict areas.

The project selection problem has attracted significant attention among construction project participants. Typically, a contractor can execute one or more projects from available projects. This study introduces a new strategy to help contractors in evaluating and selecting suitable construction projects. The new strategy is based on identifying multiple criteria that affect construction projects as well as developing and using a model that supports decision based on the analytic hierarchy process. Furthermore, a fuzzy risk analysis model is proposed to analyze and quantify some of the identified criteria to help contractors select minimally risky projects. Market conditions, financial resources, project conditions, time delays, and cost overruns are five identified criteria that control the selection. Through identifying 70 subsidiary factors, the effects and importance of the first three criteria were determined through a field survey, while time delay and cost overrun criteria were analyzed and quantified through the risk analysis model. The new strategy was applied on a real case study comprising two HVAC system projects in the construction industry (project 1 in Egypt and project 2 in Saudi Arabia). Criteria and causes that yield different effects on the new strategy to support contractor decision and selection control are discussed in detail. Risk factors were ranked according to their importance, and their effects on both time and cost were clarified. The results obtained from the investigated case study showed 55.5% support for project 2, and only 44.5% support for project 1. This strategy is applicable to other case studies in different countries with different projects, criteria, and execution activities.

Governments around the world have issued movement restrictions and quarantines to combat the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the Swedish government has not implemented such measures but has depended on individual responsibility. The extent to which individuals have been encouraged to trust in and be satisfied with government strategies and adopt personal health measures, such as social isolation, remains unclear. This study examines the direct effects of trust in the government and risk perception on self-efficacy. Most importantly, this study intends to explore whether satisfaction with government measures strengthens the relationships between 1) trust in the government and self-efficacy and 2) risk perception and self-efficacy. We test our suggested hypotheses using survey data obtained from 403 Swedish citizens living in Sweden. As predicted, the findings indicate that trust in the government and risk perception positively impact individual self-efficacy. Additionally, the findings reveal that satisfaction with government measures strengthens these relationships; more precisely, the impact of trust in the government and risk perception under a high level of individual satisfaction with government measures is much more positive than that under a low satisfaction level. In practice, a focus on implementing successful policies and excellent individual self-efficacy is required to halt the pandemic, and the findings indicate that combining strictly attentive and adaptive individual strategies with government strategies can minimize the spread of infection.

The public’s actions will likely have a significant effect on the course of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Human behavior is conditioned and shaped by information and people’s perceptions. This study investigated the impact of risk perception on trust in government and self-efficacy. It examined whether the use of social media helped people adopt preventive actions during the pandemic. To test this hypothesis, the researchers gathered data from 512 individuals (students and academics) based in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results suggested that risk perception had a significant effect on trust in government and self-efficacy. Moreover, these correlations were stronger when social media was used as a source for gathering information on COVID-19. In some cases, it even helped users avoid exposure to the virus. This study assessed the relationship between risk perception and the awareness gained from using social media during the pandemic and highlighted how social media usage influences trust in government and self-efficacy.

Background:Patients on Polypharmacy regime due to having a chronic illness are at a higher risk of developing some form of negative psychological outcome as a result of their disease. This study aims to determine the impact of polypharmacy on the psychological aspects of a patient living with a chronic disease.Method:A case-control study conducted amongst patients in an outpatient clinic of an Internist (July 1st to September 1st, of 2021) in the city of Erbil, Iraq. Data was extracted from a self-assessed questioner. 200 participants were divided into polypharmacy (case group) and non-polypharmacy group (control group). Polypharmacy, being defined as the use of 5 or more medication which meant that participants in the case group must fit into these criteria. A ‘Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale’ (HADS) was used to determine the presence of symptoms of depression and/or anxiety.Results:A totally of 200 patients were included in the study. Of these 100 participants were from the non-polypharmacy group while the remaining 100 were from the polypharmacy group. Of these, depression among non-polypharmacy group (control) participants were 11% while 76% were found to be non-cases of depression. Compared to that, 31% of the polypharmacy group had depression while 51% were non-cases for depression. Also. the prevalence of depression and anxiety was increasing with an increase in number of medications taken by the patients. Depression was present in 11% of patients who took 4 or less medications while the prevalence increased to 21.1%, 34.9% and 42.1% in patients who took five, six to eight, and more than nine medications, respectively.Conclusion: There is a significant link between polypharmacy and psychological distress in patients with chronic diseases with a focus on depression and anxiety. Healthcare providers can help in detecting polypharmacy and in providing recommendations for simplifying medication regimes and reducing the outcomes of chronic diseases. Trial registration: - This article doesn’t contain any health care intervention on human participants.