1. Polyethyleneimine as weak anionic exchanger adsorbent for clean-up in pesticide residue analysis of fruits and vegetables
- Author
-
Claudia Oellig and Salome Schmid
- Subjects
macromolecular substances ,010402 general chemistry ,Quechers ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Vegetables ,Polyethyleneimine ,Solid phase extraction ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromatography ,Pesticide residue ,Silica gel ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Solid Phase Extraction ,Pesticide Residues ,Fatty acid ,General Medicine ,Pesticide ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Fruit ,Amine gas treating ,Chromatography, Thin Layer ,Food Analysis ,Chromatography, Liquid - Abstract
Pesticide residue analysis in fruits and vegetables is generally performed with the QuEChERS method, when clean-up is mainly achieved with primary secondary amine (PSA) by dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE). In this work, we present a rapid and efficient method for the clean-up of fruit and vegetable extracts with polyethyleneimine (PEI) as alternative to PSA. Clean-up of QuEChERS extracts with a mixture of branched PEI adsorbed on magnesium sulfate and silica gel was realized in 10 min, when several polar matrix components were clearly reduced. The success of the clean-up for representative matrices was visualized by both high-performance thin-layer chromatography with different detection options and total ion current chromatograms of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses. Generally, dSPE clean-up with PEI was at least equally effective as dSPE with PSA, but PEI clearly superimposed PSA in terms of adsorption capabilities towards fatty acids. After clean-up of fatty acid mixtures with 150 and 300 mg/L, total fatty acids were reduced by 98% and 99%, respectively, while PSA left two- and three-fold quantities. Additionally, the susceptibility of base-labile pesticides towards PEI as compared to PSA generally was negligible, further supporting the high suitability of PEI for clean-up in pesticide residue analysis. Thus, clean-up with PEI enables a clear reduction of various matrix compounds in fruit and vegetable extracts and provides a rapid, convenient and low-cost alternative to the existing dSPE methods with PSA.
- Published
- 2019