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The oral microbiome represents an important part of the human microbiome. It has an important function to protect against the colonization of extrinsic bacteria, affecting systemic health. On the other hand, the most common oral diseases such as caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis, are based on microorganisms. After the gut microbiome, the oral microbiome is the second largest microbial population in the body. It has the potential to affect the onset and progression of a variety of localized and systemic disorders, including viral infections, especially those that enter the body through the oropharynx. Pandemics like SARS and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have impacted negatively on economies and people around the world in recent years, making viral infection one of the most common and dangerous health problems. Despite being one of many respiratory viruses that use the oropharynx as their primary replication site, the novel pandemic human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes COVID-19 disease has yet to be determined. PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were among the search engines used up to December 1, 2021. For published data, search terms included 'Microbiome', 'COVID-19,' ' Oral Microbiome changes in COVID-19,' dysbiosis in COVID-19', or 'SARS-CoV-2'. This concise review aimed to see if there was a link between the oral microbiome and SARS-CoV-2.

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the marginal fit and internal adaptation of provisional crowns and fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) fabricated using 3D-printing resins and compared them with those fabricated by CAD/CAM (computer-aided designing/computer-aided manufacturing) milling and conventional resins. The null hypotheses tested were that there would be no differences in the marginal fit and internal adaptation of 3D-printed provisional crowns and FDP resins when compared to CAD/CAM-milled and conventional provisional resins. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to construct this systematic review. The focused PICO/PECO (Population, Intervention/Exposure, Comparison, Outcome) question was “Do provisional crowns and FDPs (P) fabricated by 3D-printing (I) have similar marginal adaptation and internal fit (O) when compared to those fabricated by CAD/CAM milling and conventional techniques (C)?”. The protocol used for this systematic review was pre-registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Electronic databases (e.g., MEDLINE/PubMed and Web of Science (Core Collection)) were systematically searched for indexed English literature published up to June 2022. In the initial electronic search of the selected databases, 519 articles were identified. Duplicates were removed, and screening was performed to select the articles that met the preset inclusion criteria. Sixteen studies were selected for qualitative analysis, but only ten of them provided comparative data and were selected for quantitative analysis. The modified CONSORT scale was used for qualitative analysis, and most of the included studies were rated to be of moderate quality. Based on the findings, it could be concluded that provisional crowns and FDPs fabricated from 3D-printing resins have a superior marginal fit and internal adaptation when compared to CAD/CAM-milled and conventional provisional resins; thus, they can be used as a dependable alternative to other resins.