13 results on '"Sana Charania"'
Search Results
2. How Medicaid and States Could Better Meet Health Needs of Persons Experiencing Homelessness
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Sana Charania
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Gerontology ,Issues, ethics and legal aspects ,Health (social science) ,Social Problems ,Medicaid ,Health Policy ,Political science ,Ill-Housed Persons ,Housing ,Humans ,United States ,Health needs - Abstract
An estimated 580 000 people experienced homelessness on any single night in the United States in 2020. This article argues that, to address these persons' unmet needs, Medicaid should collaborate with clinicians and state programs to provide permanent supportive housing and housing support services to individuals experiencing homelessness. Access to shelter can improve health outcomes for individuals experiencing homelessness and reduce overall health care costs.
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- 2021
3. Coronavirus Disease Case Definitions, Diagnostic Testing Criteria, and Surveillance in 25 Countries with Highest Reported Case Counts
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Amitabh B. Suthar, Sara Schubert, Julie Garon, Alexia Couture, Amy M. Brown, and Sana Charania
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Microbiology (medical) ,Epidemiology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Research ,COVID-19 ,Vaccine Efficacy ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,World Health Organization ,zoonoses ,respiratory infections ,Infectious Diseases ,coronavirus disease ,Medicine ,Humans ,viruses ,Coronavirus Disease Case Definitions, Diagnostic Testing Criteria, and Surveillance in 25 Countries with Highest Reported Case Counts ,Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures ,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 - Abstract
We compared case definitions for suspected, probable, and confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19), as well as diagnostic testing criteria, used in the 25 countries with the highest reported case counts as of October 1, 2020. Of the identified countries, 56% followed World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for using a combination of clinical and epidemiologic criteria as part of the suspected case definition. A total of 75% of identified countries followed WHO recommendations on using clinical, epidemiologic, and diagnostic criteria for probable cases; 72% followed WHO recommendations to use PCR testing to confirm COVID-19. Finally, 64% of countries used testing eligibility criteria at least as permissive as WHO. We observed marked heterogeneity in testing eligibility requirements and in how countries define a COVID-19 case. This heterogeneity affects the ability to compare case counts, transmission, and vaccine effectiveness, as well as estimates derived from case surveillance data across countries.
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- 2021
4. Psychometric Assessment of Pilot Language and Communication Items on the 2018 and 2019 National Survey of Children's Health
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Helena Hutchins, Lara Robinson, Sana Charania, Reem Ghandour, Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, and Jennifer Zubler
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Psychometrics ,Child, Preschool ,Communication ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Child Health ,Humans ,Infant ,Child ,Factor Analysis, Statistical ,United States ,Language - Abstract
Until recently, normative data on language and communication development among children in the United States have not been available to inform critical efforts to promote language development and prevent impairments. This study represents the first psychometric assessment of nationally representative data derived from a National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) pilot measure of language and communication development among children ages 1 to 5 years.We analyzed 14,573 parent responses to language and communication items on the 2018 and 2019 NSCH to evaluate whether the newly added 11 items represent a single latent trait for language and communication development and to determine normative age of success on each item. We applied weighted, one-parameter Item Response Theory to rate and cluster items by difficulty relative to developmental language ability. We examined differential item functioning (DIF) using weighted logistic regression by demographic factors.Together, exploratory factor analysis resulting in a single factor1 and explaining 93% of the variance and positive correlations indicated unidimensionality of the measure. Item characteristic curves indicated groupings were overall concordant with proposed milestone ages and representative of an approximate 90% success cut-point by child age. Indicated normative age cut-points for 3 of the items differed slightly from proposed milestone ages. Uniform DIF was not observed and potential nonuniform DIF was observed across 5 items.Results have the potential to enhance understanding of risk and protective factors, inform efforts to promote language and communication development, and guide programmatic efforts on early detection of language delays.
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- 2021
5. Factors Associated With Disparities in Hospital Readmission Rates Among US Adults Dually Eligible for Medicare and Medicaid
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David, Silvestri, Demetri, Goutos, Anouk, Lloren, Sheng, Zhou, Guohai, Zhou, Thalia, Farietta, Sana, Charania, Jeph, Herrin, Alon, Peltz, Zhenqiu, Lin, and Susannah, Bernheim
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Cohort Studies ,Heart Failure ,Medicaid ,Myocardial Infarction ,Humans ,Pneumonia ,Medicare ,Patient Readmission ,United States ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Low-income older adults who are dually eligible (DE) for Medicare and Medicaid often experience worse outcomes following hospitalization. Among other federal policies aimed at improving health for DE patients, Medicare has recently begun reporting disparities in within-hospital readmissions. The degree to which disparities for DE patients are owing to differences in community-level factors or, conversely, are amenable to hospital quality improvement, remains heavily debated.To examine the extent to which within-hospital disparities in 30-day readmission rates for DE patients are ameliorated by state- and community-level factors.In this retrospective cohort study, Centers for MedicareMedicaid Services (CMS) Disparity Methods were used to calculate within-hospital disparities in 30-day risk-adjusted readmission rates for DE vs non-DE patients in US hospitals participating in Medicare. All analyses were performed in February and March 2019. The study included Medicare patients (aged ≥65 years) hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure (HF), or pneumonia in 2014 to 2017.Within-hospital disparities, as measured by the rate difference (RD) in 30-day readmission between DE vs non-DE patients following admission for AMI, HF, or pneumonia; variance across hospitals; and correlation of hospital RDs with and without adjustment for state Medicaid eligibility policies and community-level factors.The final sample included 475 444 patients admitted for AMI, 898 395 for HF, and 1 214 282 for pneumonia, of whom 13.2%, 17.4%, and 23.0% were DE patients, respectively. Dually eligible patients had higher 30-day readmission rates relative to non-DE patients (RD0) in 99.0% (AMI), 99.4% (HF), and 97.5% (pneumonia) of US hospitals. Across hospitals, the mean (IQR) RD between DE vs non-DE was 1.00% (0.87%-1.10%) for AMI, 0.82% (0.73%-0.96%) for HF, and 0.53% (0.37%-0.71%) for pneumonia. The mean (IQR) RD after adjustment for community-level factors was 0.87% (0.73%-0.97%) for AMI, 0.67% (0.57%-0.80%) for HF, and 0.42% (0.29%-0.57%) for pneumonia. Relative hospital rankings of corresponding within-hospital disparities before and after community-level adjustment were highly correlated (Pearson coefficient, 0.98).In this cohort study, within-hospital disparities in 30-day readmission for DE patients were modestly associated with differences in state Medicaid policies and community-level factors. This suggests that remaining variation in these disparities should be the focus of hospital efforts to improve the quality of care transitions at discharge for DE patients in efforts to advance equity.
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- 2022
6. P5340HIV-infected participants on combination ART (tenofovir, emtricitabine, efavirenz) have improved endothelial function and smaller retinal venular calibers compared to treatment naive participants
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Frans Everson, Hans Strijdom, M F Essop, P. De Boever, Sana Charania, Ingrid Webster, Nandu Goswami, F. Kamau, and Tim S. Nawrot
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Efavirenz ,Tenofovir ,business.industry ,virus diseases ,Retinal ,Emtricitabine ,Therapy naive ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Ophthalmology ,medicine ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Cumulative data from several studies suggest that HIV-infected populations have a 2-fold increased cardiovascular risk. Evidence is also pointing to a link between HIV and early vascular changes, including endothelial dysfunction and subclinical atherosclerosis. There is a paucity of data from sub-Saharan Africa (the epicenter of the global HIV burden and a region with a rapidly increasing cardiovascular disease [CVD] incidence); furthermore, the contribution of specific combination ART (c-ART) regimens to HIV-related CVD and early vascular changes remain unclear. Purpose To investigate the association between HIV-infection, c-ART (TDF+FTC+EFV), CVD risk and vascular markers of CVD in an adult cohort in South Africa. Methods Cross-sectional study, participants assigned to 3 groups: HIV-free (HIV−), HIV-infected ART naïve (HIV+/−) and HIV-infected on ART (HIV+/+). Data collection: demographic information, anthropometrics, CVD risk factors, and blood chemistry. Vascular endpoints assessed: brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) and retinal microvascular calibers. Results Cohort size: n=427 (HIV− n=148; HIV+/− n=69; HIV+/+ n=210), mean age: 39.4 years, 68.9% females. Analysis of cardiovascular risk showed no differences in smoking and alcohol consumption, and blood pressure was unaffected by HIV-status. The untreated HIV group had a high % participants with clinically low HDL-cholesterol levels, whereas c-ART seemed to reduce the prevalence (HIV+/−: 58% vs 31% in HIV− and 26% in HIV+/+; p Conclusions Combination ART consisting of TDF+FTC+EFV conferred vascular protection in HIV-infected participants as shown by improved endothelial function (increased FMD) and smaller CRVE compared to ART naïve counterparts. There was no evidence of subclinical atherosclerosis involvement (C-IMT). The vasculoprotective effects in the treated group were supported by a favourable HDL-cholesterol profile, despite unchanged inflammation (hs-CRP), and evidence of renal and hepatic impairment. Acknowledgement/Funding Dept of Science and Technology (South Africa); National Research Foundation (South Africa); Belgian Science Policy, Belgium; Austrian Grants Agency.
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- 2019
7. HIV-infected adults are predisposed to proatherogenic biochemical changes
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Frans Everson, Tim S. Nawrot, Nyiko Mashele, Ingrid Webster, E. Mthethwa, F. Kamau, Nandu Goswami, Hans Strijdom, B. Kgokane, Sana Charania, and P. De Boever
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business.industry ,Hiv infected ,Immunology ,Medicine ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Published
- 2020
8. Personal exposure to NO
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Frans, Everson, Dries S, Martens, Tim S, Nawrot, Nandu, Goswami, Mashudu, Mthethwa, Ingrid, Webster, Nyiko, Mashele, Sana, Charania, Festus, Kamau, Patrick, De Boever, and Hans, Strijdom
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Adult ,Air Pollutants ,Nitrogen Dioxide ,Benzene ,Environmental Exposure ,Middle Aged ,Telomere ,South Africa ,Benzene Derivatives ,Leukocytes ,Humans ,Female ,Cities ,Telomere Shortening ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Air pollution exposure is a major global health concern and has been associated with molecular aging. Unfortunately, the situation has not received much attention in the African region. The aim of this study was to investigate whether current personal ambient NO
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- 2019
9. Personal NO
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Frans, Everson, Patrick, De Boever, Tim S, Nawrot, Nandu, Goswami, Mashudu, Mthethwa, Ingrid, Webster, Dries S, Martens, Nyiko, Mashele, Sana, Charania, Festus, Kamau, and Hans, Strijdom
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Adult ,cardiovascular risk ,Air Pollutants ,Volatile Organic Compounds ,nitrogen dioxide ,air pollution ,Environmental Exposure ,Article ,South Africa ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Risk Factors ,Humans ,Female ,Follow-Up Studies ,BTEX - Abstract
Exposure to ambient NO2 and benzene, toluene ethyl-benzene and m+p- and o-xylenes (BTEX) is associated with adverse cardiovascular effects, but limited information is available on the effects of personal exposure to these compounds in South African populations. This 6-month follow-up study aims to determine 7-day personal ambient NO2 and BTEX exposure levels via compact passive diffusion samplers in female participants from Cape Town, and investigate whether exposure levels are associated with cardiovascular risk markers. Overall, the measured air pollutant exposure levels were lower compared to international standards. NO2 was positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and inversely associated with the central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) and mean baseline brachial artery diameter. o-xylene was associated with DBP and benzene was strongly associated with carotid intima media thickness (cIMT). Our findings showed that personal air pollution exposure, even at relatively low levels, was associated with several markers of cardiovascular risk in women residing in the Cape Town region.
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- 2019
10. Measuring hospital-specific disparities by dual eligibility and race to reduce health inequities
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Jeph Herrin, Shuling Liu, Meng Kuang, Sheng Zhou, Zhenqiu Lin, Karen Dorsey Sheares, Sana Charania, Yongfei Wang, Anouk Lloren, Thalia P. Farietta, Guohai Zhou, Kerry McCole, and Susannah M. Bernheim
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Dual MEDICAID MEDICARE Eligibility ,Myocardial Infarction ,quality measurement ,Medicare ,Patient Readmission ,Special Issue: Health Equity ,03 medical and health sciences ,Race (biology) ,Insurance Claim Review ,0302 clinical medicine ,Case mix index ,dual eligibility ,Acute care ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Healthcare Disparities ,race ,Aged ,Quality of Health Care ,disparities ,African american ,Heart Failure ,Inpatients ,Health Equity ,business.industry ,030503 health policy & services ,Health Policy ,Multilevel model ,Racial Groups ,Pneumonia ,Hospitals ,United States ,Family medicine ,Female ,Metric (unit) ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Medicaid ,Health care quality - Abstract
Objective To propose and evaluate a metric for quantifying hospital-specific disparities in health outcomes that can be used by patients and hospitals. Data sources/study setting Inpatient admissions for Medicare patients with acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, or pneumonia to all non-federal, short-term, acute care hospitals during 2012-2015. Study design Building on the current Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services methodology for calculating risk-standardized readmission rates, we developed models that include a hospital-specific random coefficient for either patient dual eligibility status or African American race. These coefficients quantify the difference in risk-standardized outcomes by dual eligibility and race at a given hospital after accounting for the hospital's patient case mix and proportion of dual eligible or African American patients. We demonstrate this approach and report variation and performance in hospital-specific disparities. Principal findings Dual eligibility and African American race were associated with higher readmission rates within hospitals for all three conditions. However, this disparity effect varied substantially across hospitals. Conclusion Our models isolate a hospital-specific disparity effect and demonstrate variation in quality of care for different groups of patients across conditions and hospitals. Illuminating within-hospital disparities can incentivize hospitals to reduce inequities in health care quality.
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- 2019
11. Personal exposure to NO2 and benzene in the Cape Town region of South Africa is associated with shorter leukocyte telomere length in women
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Hans Strijdom, Patrick De Boever, Nyiko Mashele, F. Kamau, Tim S. Nawrot, Dries S. Martens, Frans Everson, Sana Charania, Nandu Goswami, Mashudu Mthethwa, and Ingrid Webster
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business.industry ,Air pollution exposure ,Repeated measures design ,BTEX ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,chemistry ,Interquartile range ,Cape ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Pcr method ,Benzene ,business ,Body mass index ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Demography - Abstract
Air pollution exposure is a major global health concern and has been associated with molecular aging. Unfortunately, the situation has not received much attention in the African region. The aim of this study was to investigate whether current personal ambient NO2 and benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene and xylenes (ortho (o)-, meta (m)- and para (p)-xylene (BTEX) exposure is associated with leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a marker of molecular ageing, in apparently healthy women (mean ± SD age: 42.5 ± 13.4 years) residing in the Cape Town region of South Africa. The repeated measures study collected data from 61 women. Seven-day median (interquartile range (IQR)) personal NO2 and BTEX exposure levels were determined via compact passive diffusion samplers carried on the person prior to baseline (NO2: 14.2 (9.4–17.2) μg/m³; Benzene: 3.1 (2.1–5.3) μg/m³) and 6-month follow-up (NO2: 10.6 (6.6–13.6) μg/m³; Benzene: 2.2 (1.3–4.9) μg/m³) visits. LTL was measured at baseline and follow-up using a real-time PCR method. Multiple linear mixed model analyses (adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking, employment status, level of education and assessment visit) showed that each IQR increment increase in NO2 (7.0 μg/m³) and benzene (3.3 μg/m³) was associated with −7.30% (95% CI: −10.98 to −3.46%; p
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- 2020
12. Determinants of endothelial function in a cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-free participants: The role of cardiovascular risk factors, biomarkers of inflammation and HIV-dependent parameters
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M F Essop, Ingrid Webster, Nandu Goswami, Frans Everson, Yolandi Espach, Patrick De Boever, Mashudu Mthethwa, Sana Charania, Hans Strijdom, Nyiko Mashele, and Tim S. Nawrot
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Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Cardiovascular risk factors ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Inflammation ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,medicine.disease_cause ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hiv infected ,Internal medicine ,0502 economics and business ,Cohort ,medicine ,050211 marketing ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
[Strijdom, H.; Mthethwa, M.; Mashele, N.; Everson, F.; Charania, S.; Espach, Y.; Webster, I.] Stellenbosch Univ, Div Med Physiol, Cape Town, South Africa. [Goswami, N.] Med Univ Graz, Dept Physiol, Graz, Austria. [De Boever, P.] VITO, Environm Hlth & Risk Unit, Mol, Belgium. [De Boever, P.; Nawrot, T.] Hasselt Univ, Ctr Environm Studies, Diepenbeek, Belgium. [Essop, M.] Stellenbosch Univ, Dept Physiol Sci, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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- 2018
13. The effects of HIV-infection and anti-retroviral treatment on endothelial function in a South African cohort
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Ingrid Webster, Nyiko Mashele, Sana Charania, Tim S. Nawrot, C Westcott, Nandu Goswami, Hans Strijdom, P. De Boever, and F. Essop
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Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Cohort ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Medicine ,Antiretroviral medication ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,medicine.disease_cause - Abstract
[Mashele, N.; Charania, S.; Webster, I.; Westcott, C.; Strijdom, H.] Univ Stellenbosch, Biomed Sci, Cape Town, South Africa. [Essop, F.] Univ Stellenbosch, Physiol Sci, Cape Town, South Africa. [Goswami, N.] Med Univ Graz Austria, Dept Physiol, Graz, Austria. [De Boever, P.] Hasselt Univ, VITO Flemish Inst Technol Res, Antwerp, Belgium. [Nawrot, T.] Hasselt Univ, Ctr Environm Studies, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Published
- 2016
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