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Hyperuricemia might have neuroprotective or neurodegenerative effects on dementia via oxidative stress or inflammatory response regulation. Few studies have explored the association of hyperuricemia or gout with dementia. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between gout and dementia in Korea.Altogether, 5,052 gout patients and 25,260 age- and sex-matched controls were selected from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS)-National Sample Cohort database. The incidence and risk of dementia were evaluated by reviewing the NHIS record. We also performed a subgroup analysis according to age group (age 65 or ≥65 years) using the standard age of 65 years for elderly and nonelderly groups and sex.During follow-up, 81 and 558 participants in the gout and control cohorts developed dementia, respectively. The mean follow-up duration was 4.38 years in gout patients and 4.94 years in controls. Gout patients had a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.79 for overall dementia (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.62-1.00) and significantly lower Alzheimer's disease risk (HR 0.73 [95% CI 0.54-0.98]) after adjusting for age, sex, household income, and comorbidities. In subgroup analysis stratified by age and sex, the inverse association between gout and the risk of overall dementia (HR 0.71 [95% CI 0.52-0.97]) and Alzheimer's disease (HR 0.67 [95% CI 0.46-0.97]) were observed in the elderly male group. On the other hand, age- and sex-adjusted analysis showed that the HR for vascular dementia of gout patients was 2.31 (95% CI 1.02-5.25) in the nonelderly male group.Gout decreased the risk of incident Alzheimer's disease-type dementia, especially in elderly patients. The association between gout and dementia risk may differ according to age and disease duration.

In this work, electrospun PBI separators with a highly porous structure and nanofiber diameter of about 90-150 nm are prepared using a multi-nozzle under controlled conditions for lithium metal batteries. Cross-linking with α, α-dibromo-p-xylene and surface treatment using 4-(chloromethyl) benzoic acid successfully improve the electrochemical as well as mechanical properties of the separators. The resulting separator is endowed with high thermal stability and excellent wettability (1080 to 1150%) with commercial liquid electrolyte than PE and PP (Celgard 2400) separators. Besides, attractive cycling stability and rate capability in LiFePO

Although various methods have been developed to disperse transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) in aqueous environments, the methodology to generate stable TMDC dispersions remains challenging. Here, we developed a hierarchical van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure-based strategy to disperse few-layered TMDCs (WS

A, Collagen was expressed at a higher level in fibroblasts than in gastric cancer cell lines. B, Western blotting analysis showed that low-dose 7rh can reduce the phosphorylation of DDR1 as well as upregulate DDR1 levels.

Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is activated by fibrillar (triple-helical) collagens and collagen IV, which are major components of tumor stroma; thus, DDR1 might be a critical mediator of communication between cancer cells and stroma. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DDR1 inhibition on stroma-induced peritoneal metastasis in gastric carcinoma. We analyzed by immunohistochemistry the correlation between DDR1 expression and the pattern of recurrence in gastric carcinoma tissues from a previously characterized and established gastric carcinoma patient cohort. We also cocultured human gastric carcinoma cell lines with gastric cancer–associated fibroblasts (CAF) and investigated DDR1 expression and activation. We evaluated CAF-induced tumorigenic properties of gastric carcinoma cell lines and the effect of a DDR1-specific inhibitor in organotypic cultures and in a peritoneal seeding xenograft animal model. The expression of DDR1 in gastric cancer tissues was positively associated with early recurrence (P = 0.043) and a high incidence of peritoneal recurrence (P = 0.036). We confirmed that coculturing with CAFs elevated DDR1 protein expression in gastric carcinoma cell lines and enhanced gastric carcinoma cell line spheroid formation in organotypic cultures in a tumor cell DDR1-dependent manner. Coimplantation of CAFs with gastric carcinoma cells enhanced peritoneal tumor formation in vivo, an effect that was sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition of DDR1.Implications: This study highlights that CAF-induced elevation of DDR1 expression in gastric carcinoma cells enhances peritoneal tumorigenesis, and that inhibition of DDR1 is an attractive strategy for the treatment of gastric carcinoma peritoneal metastasis. Mol Cancer Res; 16(10); 1590–600. ©2018 AACR.

A, co-culture with fibroblasts isolated from normal gastric tissues (NAFs) could not upregulate the expression of DDR1. B, There was no difference in DDR1 gene expression levels between MKN74 cells co-cultured with cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and MKN74 cells cultured without CAFs.

Legends for Supplementary Figures

A, Screening of DDR1 and mesenchymal cell marker (-SMA and Vimentin) expression. B, Genetic inhibition of DDR1 in GC cell line.

Secretome analysis of conditioned media and transcriptome and western blotting analysis.

Background and objective This study was conducted to determine the effect of NaCl on the growth, antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, proline), maximum quantum yield, and chlorophyll contents of Pseudolysimachion pusanensis. Methods Five levels of NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, 400 mM) were used for treatment. Results The growth according to NaCl concentrations was highest at 50 and 100 mM, but root growth declined before the top from 200 mM or higher. The increase in NaCl concentrations also led to the increase in SOD and proline content compared to the control plot, whereas it decreased chlorophyll content. There was no difference in the maximum quantum yield at 0, 50, 100, and 200 mM, but it decreased at 400 mM. Conclusion The results proved that P. pusanensis showed an increase in SOD and proline content at 50 and 100 mM of NaCl treatment compared to the control plot, indicating that it receives salt stress, but the growth was excellent at 50 and 100 mM. In addition, there was no difference in top growth up to 200 mM compared to the control plot, and there was no significant difference in the maximum quantum yield, which proved that P. pusanensis has strong tolerance to salt stress.

Background and objective This study was conducted to establish a stable seedling production system for Veronica pusanensis Y.N. Lee, a plant that is endemic to the Korean Peninsula and is a critically endangered species, distributed along the coast of Busan, Korea. Methods In order to investigate the plug cell size (72, 128, 200 cells), soil type (commercial substrate, and mixed substrates with peat moss and perlite at ratios of 1:1, 3:1, and 4:1), and fertilizer concentration (Peters 0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg·L−1) conditions, the plug tray was filled with soil and seeds were sown. The sown trays were placed in the growth chamber (25°C, 70% RH, PPFD 100 μmol·m−2·s−1) for three repetitions per treatment. Results There was no difference in the growth of seedlings according to plug cell size. Therefore, it appears to be economically superior to produce seedlings in a 200-cell plug tray. In soil type, the seedling growth increased as the ratio of peat increased, but leaf chlorosis occurred from the 7th week after sowing. Examining the growth of seedlings based on fertilizer concentration, the greatest increase in growth was found to have occurred in the 1,000 mg·L−1 treatment. Conclusion Therefore, for the production of V. pusanesis seedlings, it was noted that when mixed soil with peatmoss and perlite at a ratio of 4:1 is filled in 200-cell plug trays, and the seedlings are fertilized with Peters 1,000 mg·L−1 once a week, growth will increase the most, demonstrating excellent cost-effectiveness. However, to mass-produce high-quality seedlings in a short period, it will be necessary to use a plug tray smaller than 200 cells or to conduct various fertilization composition studies.

Myeloid subclusters

Cytotoxic T cell (CTL) subclusters

Endothelial subclusters

Major cell lineages in the single-cell atlas

PC subclusters

Clinicopathological information of five patients with diffuse-type gastric cancer.

Functional enrichment analysis of fibroblast subclusters

T cell subclusters

B cell subclusters

Expression of CCR10 and CCL2 mRNA in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) and Samsung medical centre (SMC) cohorts