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Cet article cherche a demontrer comment le militantisme feministe a durablement marque les trajectoires professionnelles des femmes qui se sont mobilisees dans le mouvement des annees 1970 en Suisse. Le feminisme reinvesti dans les carrieres professionnelles a ouvert des postes porteurs de prestige pour les femmes, les amenant parfois jusqu’au parlement ou elles defendent, au moins en partie, des positions feministes ou en faveur d’une plus grande egalite entre les sexes. L’article cherche a demontrer comment les militantes du mouvement des annees 1970, souvent peu interessees durant leurs premieres annees de mobilisation par les questions d’egalite et de lois, ont finalement contribue a produire des organismes hautement institutionnalises qui s’occupent des droits des femmes, et ont reinjecte leurs orientations feministes au sein des syndicats et des partis. L’egalite professionnelle, notamment l’egalite salariale, a ete un terrain particulierement fertile pour fonder ces carrieres.

Cet article propose une lecture croisée de rapports de surveillance rédigés par différents agent-e-s de la police politique (Stasi) et du parti socialiste unifié (SED) d’Allemagne de l’Est avec des passages de l’autobiographie écrite par Hans Mayer dans les années 1980. De cette lecture se dégage un regard ambivalent du germaniste sur la RDA qu’il a souhaité, jusqu’à son départ, voir se réformer de l’intérieur. L’une des questions abordées est celle de la marginalité, envisagée sous l’angle de l’homosexualité, peu thématisée par Mayer lui-même dans son autobiographie. Cette question, qui peut paraître relativement marginale à la lecture des rapports, enrichit cependant notre compréhension du regard porté par l’État de RDA sur le germaniste, mais aussi le regard de Mayer sur la marginalité vécue sous l’angle de l’homosexualité. Le statut marginal des homosexuels est une preuve, pour Hans Mayer, de l’échec de l’Aufklärung bourgeoise, et plusieurs passages de son ouvrage Les Marginaux prouvent que ce statut de marginalité subie est questionné bien au-delà de la littérature par le germaniste. Cet article démontre que cette catégorie est également opérante dans le travail de surveillance perpétré en RDA dans les années 1950 et qu’elle participe au portrait dressé du germaniste par l’État, un portrait qui construit progressivement une figure d’ennemi, celle de l’intellectuel bourgeois homosexuel. Dieser Aufsatz kombiniert die Lektüre von Überwachungsberichten, die in der DDR von verschiedenen Mitarbeitern der Stasi und der Sozialistischen Einheitspartei (SED) angefertigt wurden, mit Auszügen aus der Autobiographie, die Hans Mayer in den 1980er Jahren schrieb. Diese Lesart offenbart einen ambivalenten Blick auf die DDR, deren Reform von innen heraus der Germanist bis zu seiner Ausreise zu erleben hoffte. Eine der angesprochenen Fragen ist die nach dem Außenseitertum unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Homosexualität, mit der sich Mayer selbst in seiner Autobiografie wenig auseinandergesetzt hat. Diese Frage, die bei der Lektüre der Berichte relativ marginal erscheinen mag, bereichert dennoch unser Verständnis des Blicks des DDR-Staates auf den Germanisten, aber auch Mayers Blick auf den erlebten Status als Außenseiter, und zwar aus der Perspektive der Homosexualität. Die Randständigkeit der Homosexuellen ist für Hans Mayer ein Beweis für das Scheitern der bürgerlichen Aufklärung, und mehrere Passagen in seinem Buch Außenseiter belegen, dass diese Randständigkeit vom Germanisten weit über die Literatur hinaus untersucht wird. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass diese Kategorie auch in der Überwachungsarbeit der DDR der 1950er Jahre wirksam ist und das vom Staat gezeichnete Bild des Germanisten, das nach und nach zum Feindbild konstruiert wird, nährt: nämlich das des homosexuellen bürgerlichen Intellektuellen. This article offers a cross-reading of surveillance reports written by agents of the political police (Stasi) and the unified socialist Party (SED) of East Germany with some parts of Hans Mayerʼs autobiography written in the 1980s. This cross-reading sheds a light on Mayer’s ambivalent relationship to the GDR, which he continuously hoped, until his departure, to see reform itself from the inside. One of the questions tackled is the one of marginality, through the lens of homosexuality, rarely thematized by Mayer in his autobiographical writing. This question, which can appear relatively marginal in the reports, can however enrich our understanding of how the GDR state did consider the Germanist, but also on Mayer’s understanding of marginality and homosexuality. The marginal status of homosexuals is a proof, according to Mayer, of the failure of the Aufklärung, and several parts of his books Außenseiter show that this position of marginality is thought of beyond literature. This article shows that the category of homosexuality is also very effective in the work of surveillance of the GDR state in the 1950s and that it participates to draw an image of Hans Mayer, gradually described as a bourgeois, an intellectual, a homosexual and an enemy.

Escherichia coli is a widely-used cell factory for recombinant protein production, nevertheless, high amount of produced protein is seen in aggregated form. The purpose of this study was to improve the solubility of recombinant bovine sex-determining region Y protein (rbSRY) by exploring the effect of temperature, inducer, and water-arginine mixed solvent. Codon-optimized rbSRY expressed in Rosetta-gami B (DE3) pLysS and purified by NI–NTA His-select affinity chromatography in the native and denaturing conditions. A three-dimensional model of SRY was built and studied through molecular dynamics simulations in water and in the presence of l-arginine as co-solvent. Results indicated the significant effects of temperature and IPTG concentration (P

Metabolic reprogramming is a potential hallmark of tumor cells to support continuous proliferation. Metabolic heterogeneity in breast cancer patients has been highlighted as the driving cause of tumor progression and resistance to anticancer drugs. Studying and identifying distinct metabolic alterations in breast cancer subtypes could offer new perspectives for faster diagnosis and treatment. Given cancer cell dependency on glycolysis, the primary energy source, this enzymatic pathway will play a critical role in targeting therapies. Knowledge about the specific metabolic dependencies of tumors for growth and proliferation can be promising for novel targeted and cell-based therapies. Here, the metabolic status with emphasis on glycolysis of breast cancer cell lines according to their classification was reviewed.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Therefore, there is an urget need to identify and develop therapeutic strategies against this deadly disease. This study is the first to investigate the effects of Hemolymph Serum of Potamon persicum Crab (HSPPC) on MCF-7 and MDA-231 breast cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: LDH and MTT assays were performed on MCF-7 and MDA-231 breast cancer cell lines as well as human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to determine the cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity of the HSPPC at different concentrations. Further, the apoptosis inducing action of the hemolymph serum was determined by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated dUTP nick end labeling) and cell death assay. Results: The IC50 values of HSPPC for MCF-7 and MDA-231 cell lines were 960±0.369 and 850±1.422 μg/mL, respectively. The growth of both MCF-7 and MDA-231 cell lines were significantly (P

Lack of vascularization results in increased demand for oxygen and creates a defined feature of the tumor microenvironment known as tumor hypoxia. It is well established that in response to hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α) is induced which is an important factor in angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. In turn, HIF-1α regulates the expression of angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Ascribed to abnormal characteristics of tumor angiogenic networks, antiangiogenic therapy approaches can even worsen the hypoxic condition and can create cancer cells with stemness features. Hence oxygen delivery via perfluorocarbon (PFC) to hypoxic sites seems to result in unstable HIF expression and consequent inactivation of angiogenesis cascade and metastasis and therefore, inhibition of cancer cells stemness.

Background Autophagy is a catabolic process for degradation of intracellular components. Damaged proteins and organelles are engulfed in double-membrane vesicles ultimately fused with lysosomes. These vesicles, known as phagophores, develop to form autophagosomes. Encapsulated components are degraded after autophagosomes and lysosomes are fused. Autophagy clears denatured proteins and damaged organelles to produce macromolecules further reused by cells. This process is vital to cell homeostasis under both physiologic and pathologic conditions. Main body While the role of autophagy in cancer is quite controversial, the majority of studies introduce it as an anti-tumorigenesis mechanism. There are evidences confirming this role of autophagy in cancer. Mutations and monoallelic deletions have been demonstrated in autophagy-related genes correlating with cancer promotion. Another pathway through which autophagy suppresses tumorigenesis is cell cycle. On the other hand, under hypoxia and starvation condition, tumors use angiogenesis to provide nutrients. Also, autophagy flux is highlighted in vessel cell biology and vasoactive substances secretion from endothelial cells. The matrix proteoglycans such as Decorin and Perlecan could also interfere with angiogenesis and autophagy signaling pathway in endothelial cells (ECs). It seems that the connection between autophagy and angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment is very important in determining the fate of cancer cells. Conclusion Matrix glycoproteins can regulate autophagy and angiogenesis linkage in tumor microenvironment. Also, finding details of how autophagy and angiogenesis correlate in cancer will help adopt more effective therapeutic approaches.

Ce hors-serie engage une serie de reflexions sur le genre et les sexualites par le prisme du visuel. Au centre de sa demarche se trouvent des productions audiovisuelles, pensees et mises en œuvre par des artistes qui s’inscrivent dans la continuite de l’art feministe d’« avant-garde » (Schor 2005) des annees 1970, mais qui cherchent egalement a en renouveler les pratiques et les codes. Les contributions des auteur-e-s prennent des chemins varies pour questionner les usages de l’audiovisuel en...

La plupart des critiques de Chantal Akerman considerent son travail comme feministe, en particulier son film Jeanne Dielman, 23 Quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles sorti en 1976. Ce film s’inscrit bien dans les orientations cognitives du mouvement des femmes de la seconde vague en politisant le travail domestique. Dans cet article, je demontre que le feminisme de la cineaste est cependant surtout visible a travers deux dispositifs cinematographiques transversaux a son oeuvre : la mise en cinema du banal pour forcer a voir ce qui est generalement devalue et l’autoethnographie comme manifestation de la fluidite du soi et de l’affirmation d’un point de vue situe. Sur ce dernier point, Chantal Akerman est precurseur d’une pratique surtout theorisee des la « crise de la representation » des annees 1980, qui consiste a deplacer la focale de l’autre a soi.

Introduction: There is limited data on outcomes of percutaneous endovascular intervention for lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). We assessed the hypothesis that patients with DM, in comparison to patients without DM, have higher rates of major adverse cardiovascular and limb events after lower extremity PAD stenting. Methods: 1,006 patients with primary stent implant procedures between January 2005 and October 2015 enrolled in the observational XLPAD registry (NCT01904851) were analyzed for 12 month major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and stroke) and major adverse limb events (MALE; target limb repeated endovascular intervention, surgical revascularization, and major amputation). Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel statistics was used for overall association of categorical baseline characteristics; Cox proportional regressions and Kaplan-Meier curves were used for median time to event analysis. Results: At baseline, patients with DM had higher prevalence of coronary artery disease (74.9% vs. 56.2%; pFigure 1A ) as well as MALE (49.0% vs. 40.9%; HR 1.22; 95% CI 1.01-1.48; p=0.043, Figure 1B ) in patients with DM at 12-months. Conclusion: PAD in patients with DM is associated with significantly higher rates of major adverse cardiovascular and limb events.

Background A training physician has his first interaction with a pharmaceutical representative during medical school. Medical students are often provided with small gifts such as pens, calendars and books, as well as free lunches as part of drug promotion offers. Ethical impact of these transactions as perceived by young medical students has not been investigated in Pakistan before. This study aimed to assess the association of socio-demographic variables with the attitudes of medical students towards pharmaceutical companies and their incentives. Methods As part of a cross-sectional survey, a validated questionnaire previously used for assessing attitude of medical students towards pharmaceutical industry, was modified, pre-tested and distributed among consenting clinical year students at DUHS and AKU. Questions included acceptability of pharmaceutically sponsored gifts, events and tuition fee, and their impact on future prescription. Responses were graded as agree, disagree or neutral which were then scored according to the AMSA guidelines of ethical conduct. Results Out of a total of 353 targeted students 303 responded, corresponding to a response rate of 85.8%. Responses indicated that 42.7% students believed in no interaction with drug companies during medical school. However, 81% of students favored pharmaceutical sponsorship of student-body events/seminars at medical colleges. More than one-third of the students were comfortable receiving gifts from drug companies. Overall, the results of this study offer an interesting comparison between the students of a private medical school (AKU) and a public medical school (DUHS); AKU students exhibited a greater degree of mistrust towards drug information provided by pharmaceutical companies compared to DUHS students (p = 0.040). Furthermore, when asked if there was a need to incorporate guidelines in the undergraduate curriculum with regard to interaction with drug companies, 84.2% students at AKU agreed, compared to 54.9% at DUHS. Medical student Attitude Scores are more or less similar to each other independent of their various demographical differences. Conclusion This study highlights that medical students in our population have a high level of acceptability towards incentives offered by pharmaceutical industry and that formal guidance regarding the subject should be incorporated into medical curriculum.