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Endoscopic therapy of gastrointestinal hemorrhage and neoplastic polyps has been practiced widely since the development of high frequency wave probe and snare techniques.! The introduction of the laser modality added another dimension to therapy,2 and since 1980 our department has conducted studies in YAG laser treatment. However, the laser apparatus is expensive, requires eye protection, and risks tissue damage that may be comparatively large. Development of a microwave coagulation apparatus has been undertaken to avoid these drawbacks. A microwave coagulation apparatus developed by Tabuse et a1.,5 produces only a small electrical field, as the microwave is irradiated directly from the tip of the microwave electrode. Thus, the risk of thermal burn is less compared to conventional high frequency waves, where the electric field is less limited. We have evaluated a microwave apparatus as well as its clinical application in endoscopic treatment since January 1983.,7 Thirty-seven cases have been studied thus far. We report here the safety and effectiveness of microwave therapy compared to other treatment modalities.