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Summary With the increasing use of the ventouse, it is becoming common for deliveries to be completed by the application of forceps. We present 48 cases delivered by forceps after a failed ventouse and compare these with 63 cases delivered by forceps only. There was significantly higher incidence of caesarean sections and cephalhaematoma in the group where forceps delivery was attempted after a failed ventouse compared to those delivered with forceps only.

Students as designers of e -Ie a rning: an ARC project I'm involved in two Aust ralian Research Council (ARC) funded projects involving schools with children ranging from year 2 (aged 7) to year 11 (aged 16), so there's quite a variety of ages across both project s. One is a longitudinal study look ing at who le school communitiesand how they use ICT in teaching and learning , which has been running for three years. The other project (led by Associate Professor Lynette Schaverien) involves wo rking with students as designers of e-leaminq, such that the students decide what they want to understand and then design the environment in wh ich they develop their understanding. The multimedia development team from my group - the Institute for Interactive Media and Learning (lML) - built the environment which the students designed. A part of the research project involves investigating whether the long -term sustainability of e-Iearning environments is greater using this approach than the traditional process (which is rather patronising) where we, as experts in e-leammq, design e-leeminq environments for the students to use. In the latter case, neither the design nor content is really the students' own, even though they might provide feedback about projects developed by others as members of focus groups.