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Most studies, aimed at determining the incidence and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in children and teenagers, have been developed in school settings. Our study conducted surveillance and inferred attack rates focusing on the practice of sports. Prospective and observational study of those attending the sports facilities of Fútbol Club Barcelona (FCB), in Barcelona, Spain, throughout the 2020–2021 season. Participants were young players (from five different sports) and adult workers, who belonged to stable teams (shared routines and were involved in same quarantine rules). Biweekly health questionnaires and SARS-CoV-2 screening were conducted. From the 234 participants included, 70 (30%) both lived and trained in the FCB facilities (Recruitment Pathway 1;RP1) and 164 (70%) lived at their own household and just came to the facilities to train (RP2). During the study, 38 positive cases were identified; none had severe symptoms or needed hospitalization. The overall weekly incidence in the cohorts did not differ compared to the one expected in the community, except for 2 weeks when an outbreak occurred. The attack rate (AR) was three times higher for the participants from RP1, in comparison to those from RP2 (p Conclusion: Physical activities in stable teams are not related to an increased risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, since there were the same observed cases than expected in the community. The risk is higher in indoor sports (Basketball vs. Football), and in closed cohort living settings (RP1 vs. RP2). The fulfilment of preventive measures is essential. What is Known:• Despite the low numerical impact caused in paediatric hospitalizations during COVID-19 pandemic, the social impact has been maximum.• The transmission potential in children and teenagers is limited, and it had been widely demonstrated in school settings. What is New:• Group physical activities in children and teenagers are not also related to an increased risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, when preventive measures, such as washing hands, and screening protocols are applied.• Routine and semi-professional sports activities seem safe environments to promote during this pandemic.

Background: In Spain, people between 65 and 74 years old have an average of 2.8 chronic problems or diseases, rising to 3.2 among people aged 75 and older. Aims: We aimed to describe the multidimensional characteristics of complex chronic patients who sought urgent care. Design: We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study, drawing on a large electronic health record database in primary care in Barcelona, Spain. Methods: We used health record data about subjects' clinical state, functional state, mental health state, social state, nutritional state, and movement. A descriptive analysis was carried out to determine percentages and means, given a standard deviation. Finding: In 2019, 3,732 complex chronic patients sought urgent care at the centres under study. Subjects had a mean age of 82.5 ± 9.8 years, and 58.7% (n = 2,189) were women. Frailty was present in 69.3% (n = 2,586), and 81.7% (n = 3,050) were adherent to therapy. There were 2,470 visits to hospital emergency rooms (66.2%) and 1,651 hospital admissions (44.2%). Malnutrition was evident in 46.5% (n = 1,623) and 27.9% (n = 1,042) had low risk of social exclusion. Discussion: Having such descriptive information can help health services from all areas and levels of care to use comprehensive, collaborative practices to care for complex chronic patients and their noninstitutional caregivers. Conclusion: We noted a high proportion of emergency room visits and hospital admissions among complex chronic patients. Low-level depression and malnutrition were detected. Proactive multidisciplinary interventions could improve the situation of these patients.

This paper describes a statistical and mathematical approach to optimize the mechanical properties of a wood plastic composite with Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) as polymeric matrix. Wood plastic composite are materials that consist of a primary continuous polymer phase, where a secondary filler dispersed phase is embedded, the filler generally is wood fibers or sawdust. The slack variable approach in mixture experiments, consist in selecting a component of the mixture as slack variable, to subsequently design and analyze the experiment in terms of the remaining components. With the experimental design information three slack variable model were fit. Using response surface graphs, we show how different compositions modify the mechanical properties of wood plastic composite. Besides, by the desirability function, the optimal formulation of the compound that simultaneously maximizing the mechanical properties of wood plastic composite, was obtained. Finally, the components proportions that provides the best tensile, flexural and compression strength are presented.

The effect of natural rubber (NR) on the mechanical and performance properties of ground tire rubber (GTR) has been investigated. The mechanical properties of vulcanized GTR/NR blends were determined in a universal testing machine. It was found a decreasing in the mechanical properties of the GTR/NR blends as the number of re-vulcanization processes increases. This behavior was attributed to the decrease in the concentration on GTR in the vulcanized GTR/NR blend with respect to the next one, and to a structural net degradation into the re-vulcanized GTR/NR blend due to the reversion process (over vulcanization). In the loss modulus charts was observed that the peaks of the curves got smaller and wide as the re-vulcanization process increased, due to the mechanical loses and elastic gains of the GTR/NR re-vulcanized blends. On the other hand, in the performance results was found that the cut growth values of Flexion Ross were more affected by the thickness of the plaque of vulcanized rubber than for the number of re-vulcanization processes of the GTR/NR blend. In addition, as the re-vulcanization processes increased, the structural degradation of the tridimensional cross-linked net, increased as well, more severely from the fourth re-vulcanization process. It could be concluded that the GTR/NR blends with high GTR content, could be used in the sole shoe fabrication, taking care that the thickness is ≤ 4.5 mm, and that the GTR/NR blends have not been subjected to more than two re-vulcanization processes.

The anthropomorphic test device (ATD) used in NCAP frontal impact, the Thor 50th, has undergone substantial changes for safety restraint systems testing of upcoming autonomous vehicles (AVs), resulting in the Thor-AV 50 M. Likewise, a deep analysis of the ATD for lateral impacts, the WorldSID 50th, is needed to determine the requirements it has to fulfill to accurately replicate the human body response under lateral impact. This study sets out general considerations regarding the WorldSID 50th ATD design in order to assess its suitability for AV testing scenarios. The WorldSID 50th ATD was placed in a driver seat at a conventional upright driving posture. Relevant body landmarks and angles as well as profile streams of the mockup and the ATD were recorded. The seatback was then reclined stepwise. The ATD was repositioned and the recording procedure repeated at every posture until the seatback was fully reclined. Examination of the ATD assemblies and hinge mechanisms was performed, searching for limitations that could result on inadequate positioning or performance under impact. An eventual SAEJ3016 Level 3 cross-legged posture (SAE J3016, 2021) was considered for examination as well. Most relevant anthropometric constraints were noticed at the abdomen and the shoulder and neck assemblies: At the abdomen, a gap between the pelvis and the lower torso appeared at seatback recline angles larger than 30°, likely promoting belt intrusion in case of a test event, and the lumbar spine rubber deformed progressively in a manner that might cause tearing damage. The number and arrangement of the shoulder clevis detents, on the other hand, did not allow the arm to be placed at intermediate positions. Finally, the current neck bracket design allowed head orientation only along the sagittal plane. The head could neither be level at seatback angles larger than 43° nor be placed resting on the head restraint for seatback angle values larger than 59°. The WorldSID ATD stands as an accurate 50th percentile human being surrogate in upright and low/mid reclined postures. Some limitations that might constrain its use in AV scenarios, though, appeared at mid/high reclined positions. Hence, design updating of the lumbar, neck and shoulder clevis assemblies, and the implementation of instrumented lower abdomen and lower arms assemblies should be taken into consideration.

We have updated recommendations on 12 controversial topics that were published in the 2013 National Consensus on the diagnosis, risk stratification and treatment of patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). A comprehensive review of the literature was performed for each topic, and each recommendation was evaluated in two teleconferences. For diagnosis, we recommend against using the Pulmonary Embolism Rule Out Criteria (PERC) rule as the only test to rule out PE, and we recommend using a D-dimer cutoff adjusted to age to rule out PE. We suggest using computed tomography pulmonary angiogram as the imaging test of choice for the majority of patients with suspected PE. We recommend using direct oral anticoagulants (over vitamin K antagonists) for the vast majority of patients with acute PE, and we suggest using anticoagulation for patients with isolated subsegmental PE. We recommend against inserting an inferior cava filter for the majority of patients with PE, and we recommend using full-dose systemic thrombolytic therapy for PE patients requiring reperfusion. The decision to stop anticoagulants at 3 months or to treat indefinitely mainly depends on the presence (or absence) and type of risk factor for venous thromboembolism, and we recommend against thrombophilia testing to decide duration of anticoagulation. Finally, we suggest against extensive screening for occult cancer in patients with PE.

A progressively increasing percentage of the elderly live during the last years of their lives in nursing homes. Although these institutions are intended to mimic life at home as much as possible, they have characteristics that make them quite similar to a “nosocomiun”, i.e. an establishment for the treatment of the sick. The very coexistence among the elderly, the fact of sharing caregivers and the very significant exposure to third parties, together with the frequent predisposing diseases to infection in this population, make infection frequent among residents and also easily transmissible. This leads us to ask what can be done to prevent infection in this environment and more specifically what is the state of the art of the matter in a Western European nation such as ours. The Board of Trustees of the Health Sciences Foundation has asked itself a series of questions on the subject of infection prevention in Nursing Homes, the structure of procedures, the legislation available, compliance with the measures indicated, the best indicators of the processes and therefore, the need to promote in Spain a document of recommendations to avoid infections in this poplation whose morbidity and mortality need not be highlighted. To this end, a multidisciplinary group of experts in different aspects of this problem has been convened and asked the proposed questions. The questions were discussed by the group as a whole and led to a series of conclusions agreed upon by the participants. The results of the meeting are reported below.

We present a data-driven approach to learning surrogate models for amplitude equations, and illustrate its application to interfacial dynamics of phase field systems. In particular, we demonstrate learning effective partial differential equations describing the evolution of phase field interfaces from full phase field data. We illustrate this on a model phase field system, where analytical approximate equations for the dynamics of the phase field interface (a higher order eikonal equation and its approximation, the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation) are known. For this system, we discuss data-driven approaches for the identification of equations that accurately describe the front interface dynamics. When the analytical approximate models mentioned above become inaccurate, as we move beyond the region of validity of the underlying assumptions, the data-driven equations outperform them. In these regimes, going beyond black-box identification, we explore different approaches to learn data-driven corrections to the analytically approximate models, leading to effective gray box partial differential equations.

Inflammation is an essential immune response critical for responding to infection, injury and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Upon injury, regenerative inflammation promotes tissue repair by a timed and coordinated infiltration of diverse cell types and the secretion of growth factors, cytokines and lipids mediators. Remarkably, throughout evolution as well as mammalian development, this type of physiological inflammation is highly associated with immunosuppression. For instance, regenerative inflammation is the consequence of an in situ macrophage polarization resulting in a transition from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory/pro-regenerative response. Immune cells are the first responders upon injury, infiltrating the damaged tissue and initiating a pro-inflammatory response depleting cell debris and necrotic cells. After phagocytosis, macrophages undergo multiple coordinated metabolic and transcriptional changes allowing the transition and dictating the initiation of the regenerative phase. Differences between a highly efficient, complete ad integrum tissue repair, such as, acute skeletal muscle injury, and insufficient regenerative inflammation, as the one developing in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), highlight the importance of a coordinated response orchestrated by immune cells. During regenerative inflammation, these cells interact with others and alter the niche, affecting the character of inflammation itself and, therefore, the progression of tissue repair. Comparing acute muscle injury and chronic inflammation in DMD, we review how the same cells and molecules in different numbers, concentration and timing contribute to very different outcomes. Thus, it is important to understand and identify the distinct functions and secreted molecules of macrophages, and potentially other immune cells, during tissue repair, and the contributors to the macrophage switch leveraging this knowledge in treating diseases.

La administración de operaciones es un área de estudio de la administración que se centra en la gestión estratégica de las organizaciones. En un contexto mundial marcado por la globalización, la Industria 4.0 e impactado por la pandemia Covid-19, que ha generado mayor incertidumbre y complejidad para las empresas, la adopción de metodologías, métodos y herramientas de administración de operaciones constituye una necesidad para mejorar el desempeño empresarial. El objetivo de la investigación es discutir la contribución actual que tiene la metodología Lean Six Sigma en la mejora continua de las organizaciones, el aumento de la productividad y la competitividad. Se realiza la discusión a partir del análisis de las principales aseveraciones realizadas por académicos, investigadores y empresarios de reconocido prestigio en la temática a nivel mundial. La investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo, el alcance es exploratorio y el diseño es no experimental. El análisis documental realizado por medio de la plataforma de la Web of Sciences de Clarivate Analytics arrojó 1015 resultados, los cuales fueron procesados por medio de la implementación de la metodología PRISMA. Los resultados obtenidos permiten afirmar que la implementación de la metodología Lean Six Sigma en las organizaciones contribuye a aumentar los niveles de productividad y competitividad. Los trabajos futuros deben dirigirse a evaluar cuantitativamente el impacto real y los beneficios que aporta a las empresas su adopción en el logro de una mayor eficiencia, productividad y obtención de ventajas competitivas sostenidas.

This article presents the preliminary results of an Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) experience (Hodges, Moore, Lockee, Trust & Bond, 2020) of a foreign language professor during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a qualitative methodology, technological and educational obstacles were found, such as participation in videoconferences, the implementation of real tasks, the use of humor and the motivation of students. It is concluded that the lecturer gained confidence and expertise in an interactive environment. Finally, the promotion of interaction and alternative and formative evaluation in class is recommended.

Fuzzy Decision Making is a line of research that has had an important presence in the literature since 1965 until nowadays. From that year to the present, the line of research has been consolidated. The research field goals have evolved along with all the research that makes use of these systems and the new technologies requirements. Therefore, new challenges, different from the ones that were faced at the beginning, need to be solved. The aim of this paper is to describe the recent challenges faced by those working in this line of research. This paper will help researchers to know how their work should be oriented in the future.

While wastewater-based epidemiology has proven a useful tool for epidemiological surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic, few quantitative models comparing virus concentrations in wastewater samples and cumulative incidence have been established. In this work, a simple mathematical model relating virus concentration and cumulative incidence for full contagion waves was developed. The model was then used for short-term forecasting and compared to a local linear model. Both scenarios were tested using a dataset composed of samples from 32 wastewater treatment plants and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) incidence data covering the corresponding geographical areas during a 7-month period, including two contagion waves. A population-averaged dataset was also developed to model and predict the incidence over the full geography. Overall, the mathematical model based on wastewater data showed a good correlation with cumulative cases and allowed us to anticipate SARS-CoV-2 incidence in one week, which is of special relevance in situations where the epidemiological monitoring system cannot be fully implemented. The authors want to thank the Catalan Institute for Water Research (Institut Català de Recerca de l’Aigua, ICRA) and the Open Data initiative of the Generalitat de Catalunya for publishing the SARS-CoV-2 concentration and incidence data as open access information. The authors also want to acknowledge the funding of the INNO- 4COV-19 (European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 101016203) project City Sentinel V-Sense. Peer Reviewed Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::3 - Salut i Benestar

BackgroundAdvanced age, frailty, and age-related comorbidities are the major causes of pulmonary endarterectomy disqualification in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) is an attractive and less invasive therapy for elderly patients. However, information about the safety, procedure tolerance, and effectiveness of BPA in elderly patients is limited.Objective and methodsWe aimed to analyze the safety, tolerance, and efficacy of BPA in CTEPH patients aged ≥70 years. This observational, descriptive, and retrospective series included consecutive patients aged ≥70 years, who underwent completed or interrupted BPA programs at a pulmonary hypertension reference center between May 2013 and May 2022.ResultsWe enrolled 155 patients in our institution's BPA program. Among these, 33 patients were aged ≥70 years (mean age, 76.4 years; women, 75.8%) and had finished or interrupted BPA programs. In this cohort, we performed 116 BPA procedures (average, 3.6 ± 1.8 sessions/patient). Among the 33 patients, 19 (57.6%) completed treatment for all lobes, while the BPA program was interrupted in the remaining 14 (42.4%). Among all 33 patients, BPA was associated with a significant reduction in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (39.2 ± 9.3 vs. 32.8 ± 8.8 mmHg; p < 0.001) and pulmonary vascular resistance (6.7 ± 3.1 vs. 4.4 ± 2.0 WU; p < 0.001), along with an improvement in the cardiac index (2.5 ± 0.6 vs. 2.8 ± 0.7 L/min/m2; p = 0.04) with significant reductions in the N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide level (pre-BPA, 353 pg/mL [207–1,960 pg/mL] vs. post-BPA, 167 pg/mL [73–629 pg/mL]; p = 0.03). The patients' functional class improved, and pulmonary hypertension-targeting drug requirements were significantly reduced. The pulmonary injury appeared in 3.4% of the 116 procedures, of which 50% were of grade 2. No patient of ≥70 years had grade 5 pulmonary injury. One periprocedural mortality was recorded (3%), and the median follow-up period was 2.8 years. The survival rate of the entire cohort at 1 and 3 years was 90.5 and 82.8%, respectively.ConclusionBPA is an effective and safe approach in patients aged ≥70 years. It significantly improves patients' functional class, hemodynamic, and biomarkers, and reduces their pulmonary hypertension-targeting medical therapy requirements. These successes were achieved even though a significant percentage of patients did not complete the therapy. The rates of procedural complications and periprocedural mortality were low. Survival at 1 and 3 years was good in comparison to that of younger patients undergoing BPA.

This paper presents the main challenges of an Internet of Things (IoT) platform. In this sense, an interoperability platform for IoT devices, called PIICO, is presented in the frame of an agriculture application. PIICO is a platform able to resolve interoperability between components and has the potential to be a stable IoT platform. Improvements opportunities of the main IoT PIICO components (nodes, gateway, and data analytics platform) are presented and discussed. The proposed improvements will make that an IoT platform improves its functionality, operation, security, and performance.

The anthropomorphic test device (ATD) used in NCAP frontal impact, the Thor 50The WorldSID 50Most relevant anthropometric constraints were noticed at the abdomen and the shoulder and neck assemblies: At the abdomen, a gap between the pelvis and the lower torso appeared at seatback recline angles larger than 30°, likely promoting belt intrusion in case of a test event, and the lumbar spine rubber deformed progressively in a manner that might cause tearing damage. The number and arrangement of the shoulder clevis detents, on the other hand, did not allow the arm to be placed at intermediate positions. Finally, the current neck bracket design allowed head orientation only along the sagittal plane. The head could neither be level at seatback angles larger than 43° nor be placed resting on the head restraint for seatback angle values larger than 59°.The WorldSID ATD stands as an accurate 50

Professionals that work in neonatal units need to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the premature infant who is in the transition process from feeding through a gastric tube to oral feeding. The main aim of this study was to validate the Oral FEeding Assessment in premaTure INfants (OFEATINg) instrument. A psychometric validity and reliability study was conducted in Neonatal Intensive Care Units of two public, metropolitan, university hospitals. The study population were premature infants at a postconceptional age of 31–35 weeks. The study included evaluation of the reliability, convergent, discriminant and construct validity, sensitivity and specificity of the OFEATINg instrument. A total of 621 feedings of 56 preterm infants were evaluated. Confirmatory factor analysis identified 3 factors and 13 indicators with a good fit to the model. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.78. The instrument showed high indices of inter-rater reliability (Pearson 0.9 and intraclass correlation coefficient 0.95). The OFEATINg scale is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating the readiness for oral feeding of preterm infants. It may enable clinicians to evaluate the physiological and behavioral abilities involved in the oral feeding process and help them make decisions related to the transition to full oral feeding.Clinical trial registration: This study was prospectively registered at the two Institutional review boards.

The skin is the largest organ in the human body, comprising the main barrier against the environment. When the skin loses its integrity, it is critical to replace it to prevent water loss and the proliferation of opportunistic infections. For more than 40 years, tissue-engineered skin grafts have been based on the in vitro culture of keratinocytes over different scaffolds, requiring between 3 to 4 weeks of tissue culture before being used clinically. In this study, we describe the development of a polymerizable skin hydrogel consisting of keratinocytes and fibroblast entrapped within a fibrin scaffold. We histologically characterized the construct and evaluated its use on an in vivo wound healing model of skin damage. Our results indicate that the proposed methodology can be used to effectively regenerate skin wounds, avoiding the secondary in vitro culture steps and thus, shortening the time needed until transplantation in comparison with other bilayer skin models. This is achievable due to the instant polymerization of the keratinocytes and fibroblast combination that allows a direct application on the wound. We suggest that the polymerizable skin hydrogel is an inexpensive, easy and rapid treatment that could be transferred into clinical practice in order to improve the treatment of skin wounds.

Patient satisfaction with nursing care is an indicator of patient satisfaction with the hospital stay in general. The Nursing Intensive Care Satisfaction Scale is the only scale about patient satisfaction with nursing care received in an intensive care unit that incorporates the critically ill patient's perspective into its design and validation. We validated the scale nationally, incorporating intensive care units at public and private hospitals of different levels of complexity in Spain.The objective of this study was to validate in Spanish intensive care units the Nursing Intensive Care Satisfaction Scale, a patient-centred questionnaire that evaluates recently discharged intensive care patients' satisfaction with the nursing care they received.We used a psychometric quantitative methodology and a descriptive cross-sectional design.The study was conducted in intensive care units at level II and III public and private hospitals throughout Spain. The study population was all patients discharged from intensive care units from December 2018 to December 2019 from the 19 participating hospitals. We used consecutive sampling until reaching a sample size of 677 patients. The assessment instruments were given to patients at discharge and 48 h later to measure temporal stability.The validation process included the analysis of internal consistency (Cronbach's α coefficient), temporal stability (test-retest), construct validity through a confirmatory factor analysis, and criterion validity using the Pearson correlation coefficient and three criterion items that assessed similar constructs.The reliability of the scale was 0.97, and the factors obtained values between 0.87 and 0.96. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the total scale was 0.83, indicating good temporal stability. Construct validity showed a good fit and a four-factor structure, in accordance with the theoretical model. Criterion validity presented a correlation that was between moderate and high (range: 0.46 to 0.57).The Nursing Intensive Care Satisfaction Scale has good psychometric properties, demonstrating its ability to accurately measure patient satisfaction across a range of contexts in Spain. Continuous monitoring of satisfaction will allow nurses to identify areas for improvement that can increase the quality of care.

espanolEl proposito de este trabajo es caracterizar los procesos de construccion de contenidos de paz en los medios radiales San Buenaventura Estereo y Radio B del municipio de Bello (Antioquia, Colombia), conforme con lasdirectrices sugeridas por parte de organismos nacionales e internacionales en pro de la creacion de relatos que coadyuven a la memoria historica de esta localidad. Se justifica su realizacion en tanto parte de la tipologia de investigacion constructiva sobre la paz que permite comprender los modos en que los productores radiales y los oyentes de este lugar, reconocido como escenario de violencia, edifican la cultura de paz a partir de los relatos reconciliadores de sus propias violencias. La metodologia sigue el constructivismo de paz, por lo que el estudio es cualitativo y descriptivo con un muestreo no probabilistico por conveniencia; al ser pocas las emisoras, solo las elegidas contaban con produccion en esta materia. Se emplearon tecnicas de produccion de datos como revision documental de la categoria contenidos de paz en las realizaciones radiales: Por las calles de mi barrio, con lideres barriales; Locutores por la paz, con ninos; y En clave de paz, con actores del conflicto. Ademas, se hicieron entrevistas semiestructuradas y talleres participativos, aplicados a directores y productores de los medios abordados, desde las categorias principios de produccion radial y memoria historica. Como hallazgos se destacan la proactividad de los productores y su interes en la generacion de los programas en un contexto donde las capacidades endogenas de los bellanitas operan como recurso de resiliencia. El analisis indica que los nuevos relatos producidos en estos medios contribuyen a la construccion de la memoria historica del municipio, donde los participantes ven en el medio radial, y su labor, oportunidades de aprendizajes para la vida que pueden fortalecerse con la academia para garantizar su sostenibilidad con la formacion a las generaciones mas jovenes. EnglishThe purpose of this work is to characterize the peace contents construction processes in the San Buenaventura Estereo and Radio B radio station of the Bello municipality (Antioquia, Colombia), in accordance with the directions suggested by the national and international organizations in pro for creation of narratives that aid the historical memory of this locality. The study is justified given that it is based upon the constructive research typology that allows the comprehension of how radio producers and audiences in this place, recognized as a violent scenario, are building a peace culture from reconciliatory narratives based on its own violence. The methodology closely follows peace constructivism, the reason why the study is qualitative and descriptive with a convenient non-probabilistic sampling; because of how few the stations are, only those chosen had productions in this line. Various techniques for data production were employed as documentary review of the contents for peace category in the radio productions: Por las calles de mi barrio (Through the streets of my neighborhood), with neighborhood leaders; Locutores por la paz (Broadcasters for peace), with children; and En clave de paz (In peace key), with armed conflict actors. Besides, semi-structured interviews were performed in group workshops with directors and producers of the studied stations based on the principles for radio production and historical memory categories. The proactivity of the producers and their interest in generating these programs in a context were the endogenous capacities of the inhabitant of Bello operate as a resilience resource stand out as the main findings. The analysis points towards that the new narratives produced in these media aid the historical memory for peace construction in the municipality, where the participants see in the radio and their duty opportunities for learnings relevant for their lives that can be strengthened with academia for ensuring their sustainability with the education of younger generations. portuguesEste trabalho tem o objetivo de caracterizar os processos de construcao de conteudos de paz nas emissoras de radio San Buenaventura Estereo e Radio B do municipio de Bello (Antioquia, Colombia), conforme as diretrizes das organizacoes nacionais e internacionais em prol da criacao de relatos que contribuem para a memoria historica dessa regiao. Sua realizacao e justificada por fazer parte da tipologia de pesquisa construtiva sobre a paz que permite compreender os modos nos quais os produtores de radio e os ouvintes do lugar, reconhecido como cenario de violencia, edificam a cultura da paz a partir dos relatos reconciliadores de suas vivencias. A metodologia segue o construtivismo de paz, por isso o estudo e qualitativo e descritivo com uma amostra nao probabilistica por conveniencia; ao serem poucas as emissoras, somente as selecionadas contavam com producao nessa materia. Foram utilizadas tecnicas de producao de dados como revisao documental da categoria “conteudos de paz” nas realizacoes radiais: Por las calles de mi barrio, com lideres de bairros; Locutores por la paz, com criancas, e En clave de paz, com atores do conflito. Alem disso, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e oficinas participativas com diretores e produtores dos meios abordados, a partir das categorias “principios de producao radial” e “memoria historica”. Como achados, sao destacados a proatividade dos produtores e seu interesse na geracao de programas em um contexto em que as capacidades endogenas dos habitantes de Bello operam como recurso de resiliencia. A analise indica que os novos relatos produzidos nesses meios contribuem para a construcao da memoria historica do municipio, em que os participantes veem no meio radial e em seu trabalho oportunidades de aprendizagem para a vida que podem ser fortalecidas com a academia para garantir sua permanencia com a formacao das geracoes mais jovens.

We evaluated the safety and feasibility of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells to treat endoscopically urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy in men or female stress urinary. We designed two prospective, nonrandomized phase I‐IIa clinical trials of urinary incontinence involving 9 men (8 treated) and 10 women to test the feasibility and safety of autologous mesenchymal stem cells for this use. Cells were obtained from liposuction containing 150 to 200 g of fat performed on every patient. After 4 to 6 weeks and under sedation, endoscopic intraurethral injection of the cells was performed. On each visit (baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months), clinical parameters were measured, and blood samples, urine culture, and uroflowmetry were performed. Every patient underwent an urethrocystoscopy and urodynamic studies on the first and last visit. Data from pad test, quality‐of‐life and incontinence questionnaires, and pads used per day were collected at every visit. Statistical analysis was done by Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. No adverse effects were observed. Three men (37.5%) and five women (50%) showed an objective improvement of >50% (P, We evaluated the safety and feasibility of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to treat endoscopically urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy in men or women stress urinary. Our conclusion is intraurethral application of MSCs are a safe and feasible procedure to treat urinary incontinence. A statistically significant difference was obtained for pad‐test improvement in 3/8 men and 5/10 women.

Background: The protozoan Giardia duodenalis, which causes giardiasis, is an intestinal parasite that commonly affects humans, mainly pre-school children. Although there are asymptomatic cases, the main clinical features are chronic and acute diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, and malabsorption syndrome. Little is currently known about the virulence of the parasite, but some cases of chronic gastrointestinal alterations post-infection have been reported even when the infection was asymptomatic, suggesting that the cathepsin L proteases of the parasite may be involved in the damage at the level of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Objective: The aim of this study was the in silico identification and characterization of extracellular cathepsin L proteases in the proteome of G. duodenalis. Methods: The NP_001903 sequence of cathepsin L protease from Homo sapienswas searched against the Giardia duodenalisproteome. The subcellular localization of Giardia duodenaliscathepsin L proteases was performed in the DeepLoc-1.0 server. The construction of a phylogenetic tree of the extracellular proteins was carried out using the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis software (MEGA X). The Robetta server was used for the construction of the three-dimensional models. The search for possible inhibitors of the extracellular cathepsin L proteases of Giardia duodenaliswas performed by entering the three-dimensional structures in the FINDSITEcomb drug discovery tool. Results: Based on the amino acid sequence of cathepsin L from Homo sapiens, 8 protein sequences were identified that have in their modular structure the Pept_C1A domain characteristic of cathepsins and two of these proteins (XP_001704423 and XP_001704424) are located extracellularly. Threedimensional models were designed for both extracellular proteins and several inhibitory ligands with a score greater than 0.9 were identified. In vitrostudies are required to corroborate if these two extracellular proteins play a role in the virulence of Giardia duodenalisand to discover ligands that may be useful as therapeutic targets that interfere in the mechanism of pathogenesis generated by the parasite. Conclusion: In silicoanalysis identified two proteins in the Giardia duodenalisprotein repertoire whose characteristics allowed them to be classified as cathepsin L proteases, which may be secreted into the extracellular medium to act as virulence factors. Three-dimensional models of both proteins allowed the identification of inhibitory ligands with a high score. The results suggest that administration of those compounds might be used to block the endopeptidase activity of the extracellular cathepsin L proteases, interfering with the mechanisms of pathogenesis of the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis.

This study reports on the impact of international visiting faculty’s teaching experiences in the United States on their personal, professional, and intercultural development. It is based on the principles of qualitative research and can be described as a case study. Data collection involved a questionnaire, a written narrative, and a semi-structured interview with each of a number of teachers. Participants included a group of 22 visiting faculty. Three main categories, each of which can be subdivided into benefits and challenges, emerged from the analysis: intercultural matters, professional matters, and personal matters. A wide range of benefits was identified, suggesting that the participants adapted to new life styles, became more mature, obtained a deeper understanding of themselves, reaffirmed their own educational values and philosophies, raised cultural awareness, became more flexible, and developed attitudes that involved tolerance and respect. Conversely, visiting faculty reported that they faced challenges related to language barriers, interaction with native speakers, classroom management, lack of support from school administrators, and separation from family.

A fragility function shows the building damage likelihood based on a demand parameter such as the tsunami flow depth. While empirical fragility functions have been developed by using postdisaster d...

Genome methylation profiles define naïve-like (n-CLL), memory-like (m-CLL), and intermediate (i-CLL) subsets of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The profiles can be easily determined by the analysis of the five-CpG signature. m-CLL, i-CLL, and n-CLL with the good, intermediate, and poor prognoses, respectively, differ by the somatic hypermutation status of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable gene (IGHV), a widely used prognostic predictor in CLL. We have previously shown that the expression of

ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of mandatory use of face covering masks (FCMs) in schools during the first term of the 2021–2022 academic year.DesignA retrospective population-based study.SettingSchools in Catalonia (Spain).Population599 314 children aged 3–11 years attending preschool (3–5 years, without FCM mandate) and primary education (6–11 years, with FCM mandate).Study periodFrom 13 September to 22 December 2021 (before Omicron variant).InterventionsA quasi-experimental comparison between children in the last grade of preschool (5 years old), as a control group, and children in year 1 of primary education (6 years old), as an interventional group.Main outcome measuresIncidence of SARS-CoV-2, secondary attack rates (SARs) and effective reproductive number (R*).ResultsSARS-CoV-2 incidence was significantly lower in preschool than in primary education, and an increasing trend with age was observed. Six-year-old children showed higher incidence than 5 year olds (3.54% vs 3.1%; OR 1.15 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.22)) and slightly lower but not statistically significant SAR (4.36% vs 4.59%; incidence risk ratio 0.96 (95% CI 0.82 to 1.11)) and R* (0.9 vs 0.93; OR 0.96 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.09)). Results remained consistent using a regression discontinuity design and linear regression extrapolation approaches.ConclusionsWe found no significant differences in SARS-CoV-2 transmission due to FCM mandates in Catalonian schools. Instead, age was the most important factor in explaining the transmission risk for children attending school.

Purpose: to study the potential relationship between disfiguring facial modifications and psychosocial and Quality of Life (QoL) impact in a group of acromegaly patients. Methods: Thirty patients accepted to participate in this study (n=13) women and 56.6% (n=17) men; mean age was 61.1 ± 15.8 and 56.3 ± 12.4 years, respectively. Variables studied included: a) Anxiety level, measured through the State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire (STAI); b) Quality of life evaluation by AcroQoL; c) Self-esteem status through the Rosemberg Self-Esteem Scale and d) Facial acromegaly phenotypic changes evaluated from face photographs and scored by 8 trained endocrinologists. Results: Gender differences were observed in Anxiety levels, with higher values in women than in men (trait: 6.1±2.2 and 5.0±2.0 (p=0.025); state: 8.2±1.1 and 3.1±2.1 (p=0.004), respectively. Also, there were differences in the global AcroQoL score, being 69.3 (SD±17.7) for males and 51.1 (SD±21.8) for females (p = 0.004) and it was reflected in all dimensions. Self-Steem was similar in both groups. There were lower values at the face appearance scoring in women at pre-diagnostic phase (3.4±1.3 vs. 4.75±1.5). A negative correlation was found between self-esteem and changes in facial scores at the pre-diagnostic and diagnostic periods (rs= -0.559, p=0.074), consistent with a high impact of facial changes in the psychologic status of the patients. Conclusion: acromegaly facial changes negatively impact the psychosocial condition of these patients with maximal deleterious effects observed at the time of diagnosis; these disturbances persist over time despite disease control or curation and are of higher intensity in women.

To replace the Draize eye irritation test (OECD Test Guideline 404), several test methods based on reconstructed cornea-like epithelium (RhCE) have been developed and adopted in the OECD TG 492. The objective of this study was to stablish the experimental procedures and evaluate the performance assessment of QobuR-RhCE, an in-house RhCE model to be used for the evaluation of eye hazard. We define the essential structural, functional and procedural elements of the test method components to help assuring that the proposed test method is based on the same concepts as the validated reference methods. Performance assessment was evaluated in accordance with the revised performance standards for the assessment of proposed similar or modified in vitro reconstructed human cornea-like epithelium and the minimum list of reference chemicals was evaluated. As result, the proposed method scored 93.3% sensibility, 60% specificity, 76.7% accuracy and 96.7% within-laboratory reproducibility (WLR), providing a similar performance in comparison to the validated reference methods. Additionally, we describe a secondary endpoint based on Transepithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) that could be of use to better discriminate between irritants and non-irritants. Taken together the results indicate that the QobuR-RhCE test method is an accurate screening tool that can be used as a standalone alternative to evaluate ocular irritation.

Background Family clusters offer a good opportunity to study viral transmission in a stable setting. We aimed to analyze the specific role of children in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within households. Methods A prospective, longitudinal, observational study, including children with documented acute SARS-CoV-2 infection attending 22 summer-schools in Barcelona, Spain, was performed. Moreover, other patients and families coming from other school-like environments that voluntarily accessed the study were also studied. A longitudinal follow-up (5 weeks) of the family clusters was conducted to determine whether the children considered to be primary cases were able to transmit the virus to other family members. The household reproduction number (Re*) and the secondary attack rate (SAR) were calculated. Results 1905 children from the summer schools were screened for SARS-CoV-2 infection and 22 (1.15%) tested positive. Moreover, 32 additional children accessed the study voluntarily. Of these, 37 children and their 26 households were studied completely. In half of the cases (13/26), the primary case was considered to be a child and secondary transmission to other members of the household was observed in 3/13, with a SAR of 14.2% and a Re* of 0.46. Conversely, the SAR of adult primary cases was 72.2% including the kids that gave rise to the contact tracing study, and 61.5% without them, and the estimated Re* was 2.6. In 4/13 of the paediatric primary cases (30.0%), nasopharyngeal PCR was persistently positive > 1 week after diagnosis, and 3/4 of these children infected another family member (p Conclusions Children may not be the main drivers of the infection in household transmission clusters in the study population. A prolonged positive PCR could be associated with higher transmissibility.

Streptomycetes are multicellular gram-positive bacteria that produce many bioactive compounds, including antibiotics, antitumorals and immunosuppressors. The Streptomyces phosphoproteome remains largely uncharted even though protein phosphorylation at Ser/Thr/Tyr is known to modulate morphological differentiation and specialized metabolic processes. We here expand the S. coelicolor phosphoproteome by optimised immobilized zirconium (IV) affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify phosphoproteins at the vegetative and sporulating stages. We mapped 361 phosphorylation sites (41% pSer, 56.2% pThr, 2.8% pTyr) and discovered four novel Thr phosphorylation motifs ("Kxxxx(pT)xxxxK", "DxE(pT)", "D(pT)" and "Exxxxx(pT)") in 351 phosphopeptides derived from 187 phosphoproteins. We identified 154 novel phosphoproteins, thereby almost doubling the number of experimentally verified Streptomyces phosphoproteins. Novel phosphoproteins included cell division proteins (FtsK, CrgA) and specialized metabolism regulators (ArgR, AfsR, CutR and HrcA) that were differentially phosphorylated in the vegetative and in the antibiotic producing sporulating stages. Phosphoproteins involved in primary metabolism included 27 novel ribosomal proteins that were phosphorylated during the vegetative stage. Phosphorylation of these proteins likely participate in the intricate and incompletely understood regulation of Streptomyces development and secondary metabolism. We conclude that Zr(IV)-IMAC is an efficient and sensitive method to study protein phosphorylation and regulation in bacteria and enhance our understanding of bacterial signalling. SIGNIFICANCE: Two thirds of the secondary metabolites used in clinic, especially antibiotics, were discovered in Streptomyces strains. Antibiotic resistance became one of the major challenges in clinic, and new antibiotics are urgently required in clinic. Next-generation sequencing analyses revealed that streptomycetes harbour many cryptic secondary metabolite pathways, i.e. pathways not expressed in the laboratory. Secondary metabolism is tightly connected with hypha differentiation and sporulation, and understanding Streptomyces differentiation is one of the main challenges in industrial microbiology, in order to activate the expression of cryptic pathways in the laboratory. Protein phosphorylation at Ser/Thr/Tyr modulates development and secondary metabolism, but the Streptomyces phosphoproteome is still largely uncharted. Previous S. coelicolor phosphoproteomic studies used TiOsub2/subaffinity enrichment and LC-MS/MS identifying a total of 184 Streptomyces phosphoproteins. Here, we used by first time zirconium (IV) affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry, identifying 186 S. coelicolor phosphoproteins. Most of these phosphoproteins (154) were not identified in previous phosphoproteomic studies using TiOsub2/subaffinity enrichment. Thereby we almost doubling the number of experimentally verified Streptomyces phosphoproteins. Zr(IV)-IMAC affinity chromatography also worked in E. coli, allowing the identification of phosphoproteins that were not identified by TiOsub2/subaffinity chromatography. We conclude that Zr(IV)-IMAC is an efficient and sensitive method for studies of protein phosphorylation and regulation in bacteria to enhance our understanding of bacterial signalling networks. Moreover, the new Streptomyces phosphoproteins identified will contribute to design further works to understand and modulate Streptomyces secondary metabolism activation.

Streptomycetes are important biotechnological bacteria that produce several clinically bioactive compounds. They have a complex development, including hyphae differentiation and sporulation. Cytosolic copper is a well-known modulator of differentiation and secondary metabolism. The interruption of the Streptomyces coelicolor SCO2730 (copper chaperone, SCO2730::Tn5062 mutant) blocks SCO2730 and reduces SCO2731 (P-type ATPase copper export) expressions, decreasing copper export and increasing cytosolic copper. This mutation triggers the expression of 13 secondary metabolite clusters, including cryptic pathways, during the whole developmental cycle, skipping the vegetative, non-productive stage. As a proof of concept, here, we tested whether the knockdown of the SCO2730/31 orthologue expression can enhance secondary metabolism in streptomycetes. We created a SCO2730/31 consensus antisense mRNA from the sequences of seven key streptomycetes, which helped to increase the cytosolic copper in S. coelicolor, albeit to a lower level than in the SCO2730::Tn5062 mutant. This antisense mRNA affected the production of at least six secondary metabolites (CDA, 2-methylisoborneol, undecylprodigiosin, tetrahydroxynaphtalene, α-actinorhodin, ε-actinorhodin) in the S. coelicolor, and five (phenanthroviridin, alkylresorcinol, chloramphenicol, pikromycin, jadomycin G) in the S. venezuelae; it also helped to alter the S. albus metabolome. The SCO2730/31 consensus antisense mRNA designed here constitutes a tool for the knockdown of SCO2730/31 expression and for the enhancement of Streptomyces’ secondary metabolism.