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Background: A chronic interstitial disease, chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu), has emerged as a notable contributor to the CKD burden in rural Sri Lanka. Most therapeutic and diagnostic approaches to CKD focus on glomerular diseases, and thus are not fully applicable to CKDu. Serum proteins, specifically those with the profile of markers representing different facets of a disease, are beneficial for a comprehensive evaluation of diseases, and hence in CKD. Our aim was to identify the role of serum-retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), a marker of the proximal tubule, in the diagnosis of CKDu. Methods: Definite CKDu cases were recruited from the renal clinic in Girandurukotte and Wilgamuwa (endemic regions). Healthy controls were recruited from Mandaramnuwara (nonendemic area). The levels of RBP4 and creatinine in serum were measured. An immunoassay (ELISA) was performed on the serum samples. The stages of CKD/ CKDu were classified according to eGFR. Results: Serum RBP4 was significantly increased in CKDu patients compared to CKD patients and healthy controls. The results show that the ratio of normalized serum RBP4 to serum creatine (S.cr) acts as a better competitive marker for CKDu (AUC 0.762, sensitivity 0.733) than CKD (AUC 0.584, sensitivity 0.733) when compared against healthy controls. Furthermore, the RBP4:S.cr ratio showed higher discriminating power (AUC 0.743) between CKDu and CKD, suggesting that the RBP4: S.cr ratio has potential as a serum marker to differentiate CKDu from CKDu. Conclusion: The RBP4: S.cr ratio was identified as a plausible indicator for differentiating CKDu from CKD with >70% sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, it could be used in the evaluation of the tubular interstitial involvement of CKD.

Introduction Basketball is a long-duration, high-intensity ball game. High competition and athletic combat require athletes to perform at an excellent technical and tactical level. Therefore, studying physiological indicators related to serum-hormone levels of basketball players is an effective way to implement scientific physical monitoring of athletes. Objective This paper aims to understand the intense training effect on hormone-related physiological indicators in young basketball players. Objective This paper aims to understand the effect of intense training on physiological indicators related to serum-hormonal levels in young basketball players. Methods Serum hormone indices of 11 healthy young players without organic or genetic diseases were compared before, 2, 4, and 24 hours after an intense training protocol. Results Creatine and blood urea levels. After 24 hours, the levels were close to those found pre-workout. Conclusion Basketball training can improve the anaerobic capacity of young players. There is a high correlation between changes in serum hormones in young people and their physical fitness. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result. RESUMO Introdução Basquetebol é um jogo de bola de longa duração e de alta intensidade. A competição acirrada e o combate esportivo exigem que os atletas tenham um bom nível técnico e tático. Portanto, estudar os indicadores fisiológicos relacionados ao hormônio sanguíneo dos jogadores de basquetebol é um meio eficaz para implementar o monitoramento físico científico dos atletas. Objetivo Este artigo tem como objetivo entender o efeito do treinamento intenso sobre os indicadores fisiológicos relacionados ao hormônio nos jovens jogadores de basquetebol. Métodos Índices hormonais séricos de 11 jovens jogadores saudáveis sem doenças orgânicas ou genéticas foram comparados antes, 2, 4 e 24 horas após um protocolo de treino intenso. Resultados Os níveis de creatina e ureia sanguínea 2 horas após o exercício e 4 horas após o exercício foram maiores do que os anteriores ao treino. Após 24 horas, os níveis estavam próximos ao encontrado no pré-treino. Conclusão O treinamento de basquetebol pode melhorar a capacidade anaeróbica dos jovens jogadores. Há uma alta correlação entre as mudanças nos hormônios séricos dos jovens e seu condicionamento físico. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados. RESUMEN Introducción El baloncesto es un juego de pelota de larga duración y alta intensidad. La feroz competición y el combate deportivo exigen que los atletas tengan un buen nivel técnico y táctico. Por lo tanto, el estudio de los indicadores fisiológicos relacionados con los niveles de hormonas séricas de los jugadores de baloncesto es una forma eficaz de llevar a cabo un seguimiento físico científico de los deportistas. Objetivo Este trabajo pretende conocer el efecto del entrenamiento intenso sobre los indicadores fisiológicos relacionados con el nivel sero-hormonal en jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto. Métodos Se compararon los índices hormonales séricos de 11 jugadores jóvenes sanos sin enfermedades orgánicas o genéticas antes, 2, 4 y 24 horas después de un protocolo de entrenamiento intenso. Resultados Los niveles de creatina y de urea en la sangre 2 horas después del ejercicio y 4 horas después del ejercicio eran más altos que antes del entrenamiento. Después de 24 horas, los niveles se acercaban a los encontrados en el pre-entrenamiento. Conclusión El entrenamiento de baloncesto puede mejorar la capacidad anaeróbica de los jugadores jóvenes. Existe una alta correlación entre los cambios en las hormonas séricas de los jóvenes y su condición física. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most prevalent protein in the blood plasma which binds an array of exogenous compounds. Drug binding to HSA is an important consideration when developing new therapeutic molecules, and it also aids in understanding the underlying mechanisms that govern their pharmacological effects. This study aims to investigate the molecular binding of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) therapeutic candidate molecules to HSA and to identify their putative binding sites. Binding energies and interacting residues were used to evaluate the molecular interaction. Four drug candidate molecules (β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine, Chloroquine, Disulfiram, and Carmofur) demonstrate weak binding to HSA, with binding energies ranging from -5 to -6.7 kcal/mol. Ivermectin, Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, Arbidol, and other twenty drug molecules with binding energies ranging from -6.9 to -9.5 kcal/mol demonstrated moderate binding to HSA. The strong HSA binding drug candidates consist of fourteen molecules (Saquinavir, Ritonavir, Dihydroergotamine, Daclatasvir, Paritaprevir etc.) with binding energies ranging from -9.7 to -12.1 kcal/mol. All these molecules bind to different HSA subdomains (IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, and IIIB) through molecular forces such as hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Various pharmacokinetic properties (gastrointestinal absorption, blood-brain barrier permeation, P-glycoprotein substrate, and cytochrome P450 inhibitor) of each molecule were determined using SwissADME program. Further, the stability of the HSA-ligand complexes was analyzed through 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations considering various geometric properties. The binding free energy between free HSA and compounds were calculated using Molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) and molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) approach. The findings of this study might be useful in understanding the mechanism of COVID-19 drug candidates binding to serum albumin protein, as well as their pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.

Objectives An anal fistula is an external abnormal anatomical connection between the rectum and the outer skin of the anus. Symptoms include anorectal pain, abscesses, perianal cellulitis, smelly or bloody drainage of pus, and, in some cases, difficulty controlling bowel movements. Diagnosis and evaluation of anal fistulas is crucial for prognosis and for the choice of the treatment method. In this study, we aimed to discover potential biomarkers from serum proteins for the prediction of anal fistulas. Methods Using antibody array technology, the expression of 40 proteins was simultaneously detected in serum samples from 13 patients with anal fistulas with chronic diarrhea, 14 patients with chronic diarrhea and six healthy volunteers. Differentially expressed proteins were subsequently validated by ELISA, with a sample population expanded to 30 patients with anal fistulas and chronic diarrhea, 30 patients with chronic diarrheas only and 20 healthy controls. Results Quantification analysis identified MIP-1α, MIP-1β and TNF-R1 with significant differential expression between the anal fistula with chronic diarrhea, chronic diarrhea only and healthy control groups. Bioinformatics analyses, including PCA and heat map creation, showed a clear separation between the three groups using the expression of MIP-1α, MIP-1β and TNF-R1. Validation by ELISA with the expanded sample population fistulas showed significant differential expression levels of MIP-1α, MIP-1β and TNF-R1, displaying accuracy rates of 0.898, 0.987 and 1.0 between the anal fistula with chronic diarrhea and healthy control groups. Accuracy rates between the anal fistula with chronic diarrhea and the chronic diarrhea only groups were 0.9768, 0.909 and 0.964, respectively. Conclusions These results suggest the feasibility of employing serum proteins MIP-1α, MIP-1β and TNF-R1 as potential biomarkers for rapid and convenient diagnosis of anal fistula in chronic diarrhea patients.

OBJECTIVE To identify serum protein biomarkers that might distinguish patients with early inflammatory arthritis (IA) with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) from those with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and may be used to support appropriate early intervention. METHODS The serum proteome of patients with PsA and patients with RA was interrogated using nano-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS) (n = 64 patients), an aptamer-based assay (SomaScan) targeting 1,129 proteins (n = 36 patients), and a multiplexed antibody assay (Luminex) for 48 proteins (n = 64 patients). Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) assays were developed to evaluate the performance of putative markers using the discovery cohort (n = 60 patients) and subsequently an independent cohort of PsA and RA patients (n = 167). RESULTS Multivariate machine learning analysis of the protein discovery data from the 3 platforms revealed that it was possible to differentiate PsA patients from RA patients with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94 for nano-LC-MS/MS, 0.69 for bead-based immunoassay measurements, and 0.73 for aptamer-based analysis. Subsequently, in the separate verification and evaluation studies, random forest models revealed that a subset of proteins measured by MRM could differentiate PsA and RA patients with AUCs of 0.79 and 0.85, respectively. CONCLUSION We present a serum protein biomarker panel that can separate patients with early-onset IA with PsA from those with RA. With continued evaluation and refinement using additional and larger patient cohorts, including those with other arthropathies, we suggest that the panel identified here could contribute to improved clinical decision making.

Background: Pre-operative nutritional assessment is necessary for all patients undergoing surgery in order to prevent post-operative complications. This is because wound healing is an anabolic process requiring adequate protein stores in our body. Serum albumin levels has been found to be a reliable tool in assessing the nutrition when used along with two other parameters namely, haemoglobin and body mass index. It is necessary to provide adequate nutritional support prior surgery for better clinical outcome post-operatively. Objectives: To assess role of pre-operative serum albumin, haemoglobin and BMI as predictors of post-operative morbidity and mortality in major open surgeries. Materials and Methods:Sixty patients more than 18 years of age posted for elective and emergency laparotomy in the general surgery ward were included in this study based upon the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Detailed history, clinical examination, anthropometry and nutritional assessment with pre-operative serum albumin, haemoglobin and BMI were done. Post-surgery the details of the procedure, anaesthesia, duration of surgery, duration of hospital stay and early post-operative complications were studied. The patients were followed up till they got discharged from the hospital. The data obtained was analysed. Results: Maximum number of post-operative complications were in the age group of 40-59 years (36.66%). Seroma followed by surgical site infections were the two most common complications seen among the study population. Most of the complications were seen among patients with serum albumin

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are commonly used in a variety of consumer, pharmaceutical, and medical products. In this study, bioaccumulation potentials of 18 QACs with alkyl chain lengths of C8–C18 were determined in the in vitro–in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) model using the results of human hepatic metabolism and serum protein binding experiments. The slowest in vivo clearance rates were estimated for C12-QACs, suggesting that these compounds may preferentially build up in blood. The bioaccumulation of QACs was further confirmed by the analysis of human blood (sera) samples (n = 222). Fifteen out of the 18 targeted QACs were detected in blood with the ΣQAC concentrations reaching up to 68.6 ng/mL. The blood samples were collected during two distinct time periods: before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic (2019; n = 111) and during the pandemic (2020, n = 111). The ΣQAC concentrations were significantly higher in samples collected during the pandemic (median 6.04 ng/mL) than in those collected before (median 3.41 ng/mL). This is the first comprehensive study on the bioaccumulation and biomonitoring of the three major QAC groups and our results provide valuable information for future epidemiological, toxicological, and risk assessment studies targeting these chemicals., This study provides evidence on bioaccumulation of a wide range of QACs in human blood.

Background and Aim: Canine tick-borne diseases are important diseases with a worldwide distribution. In Thailand, the most important canine tick-borne diseases are ehrlichiosis, babesiosis, and hepatozoonosis. This study aimed to determine the serum protein electrophoresis patterns (SPEPs) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels associated with Ehrlichia canis, Babesia canis, or Hepatozoon canis single infections. Materials and Methods: A total of 650 canine blood samples were collected from animal hospitals and clinics in Bangkok and its vicinity to examine health status and blood parasite infection. Suspected blood parasite infections were examined by buffy coat thin blood smear and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Normal dog and positive E. canis, B. canis, and H. canis single infections and serum protein profiles were determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. CRP concentration was measured by fluorescent immunoassay. Results: In dogs infected with E. canis, B. canis, and H. canis single infections, albumin levels and A/G ratios significantly decreased, whereas β2-globulin levels increased (p

The purpose of this study was to test the ability of serum protein S100B (S100B) and brain lipid-binding protein (BLBP) to identify athletes who sustained a sports-related concussion (SRC). Subjects included a non-athlete group, whereas the rugby players were separated into two match-control and two SRC groups. The match-control1-h group included players undergoing venipuncture within 60-min post-match, and the match-control1-h/8-h group included players undergoing venipuncture between 1 and 8 h post-match; the SRC1-h group included players undergoing venipuncture within 60-min post-SRC, and the SRC1-h/8-h group included players undergoing venipuncture between 1 and 8 h post-SRC. Serum S100B concentrations were not significantly different (

Tetranectin (TN), an adipogenic serum protein, enhances adipocyte differentiation, however, its functional mechanism has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the adipogenic function of TN by using medium containing TN-depleted fetal bovine serum (TN-del-FBS) and recombinant mouse TN (mTN). The adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells was significantly enhanced by mTN supplementation essentially at differentiation induction, which indicated a potential role of the protein in the early differentiation phase. The adipogenic effect of mTN was more significant with insulin in the differentiation induction cocktail, implicating their close functional relationship. mTN enhanced not only the proliferation of growing cells, but also mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) that is a prerequisite for adipocyte differentiation in the early phase. Consistently, mTN increased the phosphorylation of ERK in the early phase of adipocyte differentiation. Results of this study demonstrate that the adipogenic function of mTN is mediated by enhancing MCE via ERK signaling. [BMB Reports 2021; 54(7): 374-379].

One of the most probable markers of inflammatory response is serum protein. Recently, serum levels of these some proteins have been proven to be useful in clinical diagnosis. In this study, we comparatively investigated serum and saliva C - reactive protein (CRP), α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities in type II Diabetic and Normo-glycemic humans. Two hundred and thirteen (213) subjects of 173 Diabetics and 40 Non-diabetics (Control) were ethically recruited from the central hospital, warri, Delta State. For each participant, serum and saliva was collected and laboratorily analyzed for α-amylase, α-glucosidase and CRP levels, while comparing mean differences between groups with a student t-test and statistical measure of association (correlation). Result showed a statistically significant increase in CRP and α-amylase activity of diabetics than non-diabetic subjects, with a statistically significant increase in salivary and serum CRP, α-glucosidase and α-amylase levels across groups. This finding is suggestive that saliva and/or serum levels may be useful bioanalytes for non-invasive, alternative diagnosis of blood glucose levels. Similar studies that corroborate the efforts of this study is recommended. Further studies that assay other saliva and serum biomarkers may also be useful and thus recommended.

Sera from patients with multiple myeloma usually display a single monoclonal immunoglobulin band on serum protein immunofixation electrophoresis. Multiple bands may be seen if the myeloma is bi- or triclonal or if the monoclonal immunoglobulin has rheumatoid factor activity. We describe a patient with light chain–predominant IgA lambda myeloma; the patient’s serum displayed 2 spatially distinct bands reacting for alpha heavy and lambda light chains. The methods used to establish monoclonality are addressed.

Avocado pear pulp (Persea americana) is indigenous to Mexico. It is widely cultivated and consumed all over the world. Its oil is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (SFAs) and can be used to repla...

The interactions between radicicol and four proteins (catalase, trypsin, pepsin, and human serum protein) are investigated by spectroscopic techniques and molecular docking. A static quenching process is confirmed. The binding constant value between radicicol and human serum protein is the largest among the four proteins. Results reveal changes in the micro-environment of the protein by the addition of radicicol. It is found that radicicol shows an inhibitory effect on the activity of proteins (catalase, trypsin, and pepsin). Molecular docking results are consistent with the thermodynamic experimental results. This work provides clues to the elucidation of the mechanisms of the interactions between radicicol and proteins.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation of zinc in the diet in the form of nano zinc oxide (nano ZnO) on the performance of broilers. A total of 240 day-old commercial broiler chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design into 6 treatments with 8 replicates of 5 chicks each. Treatments comprised of T1- basal diet (BD) without ZnO supplementation, T2- 2.5 ppm ZnO, T3- 5 ppm ZnO, T4- 10 ppm ZnO, T5- 20 ppm ZnO, and T6- 40 ppm inorganic ZnO. The results revealed that supplementation of nano ZnO at 2.5 ppm recorded significantly (P 0.05) effect on various carcass parameters (dressing percentage, abdominal fat, giblet yields), serum protein and cholesterol concentrations, and meat quality parameters (water holding capacity and pH) of broiler chicken at 42 days of age. Finally, it could be concluded that supplementation of nano ZnO at 2.5 ppm improved the performance of broilers.

Background Pulse-taking is widely used for diagnosis and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and protein complexes in serum perform various biological functions. The Balanced constitution is one of the major constitutions in TCM, people with Balanced constitution can also share some common characteristics with unbalanced constitution types. Methods Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) was applied to the serum of 25 people with balanced constitutions. The patterns of the protein complexes could be recognized according to the number, molecular weight, and intensity of the gel bands. All of the individual bands from these patterns were cut and in-gel-digested with trypsin, followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis for protein identification and biological function analysis. Results The protein complex patterns were roughly categorized as type A and B with high stability and reproducibility, and there were 15 and 16 gel bands in type A and type B, respectively. Among the 25 serum samples, 14 belonged to type A, and 11 belonged to type B. High-abundance proteins significantly decreased from 99% to 44% after BN-PAGE separation. The unique proteins in type A were mainly related to lipid metabolism, while the unique proteins in type B were involved in biological processes related to immune response and inflammatory regulation. The Qi-deficiency constitution converted score of type A was higher than that of type B, while the Damp-heat constitution converted score of type A was lower than that of type B. Conclusions Our study provided an objective reference for diagnosis and prognosis, which might lay a foundation for establishing the characteristic protein complex spectra of all of the TCM constitutions.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease with incompletely revealed etiology and pathophysiology. There are still no specific and reliable biomarkers. Here we examined YKL-40 as a biomarker of inflammation and fibrosis, and suggest a possible mechanism for its regulation.Forty female patients with SSc (26 with diffuse cutaneous (dcSSc) and 14 with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc)) and 14 healthy female controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Bioinformatic tools identified miR-214 binding site in the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of YKL-40 mRNA. Serum levels of YKL-40 were examined by ELISA, while YKL-40 mRNA and miR-214 was measured by qPCR.TheYKL-40 and miR-214 have different expression profile in SSc. Increased serum levels of YKL-40 could be associated with down-regulation of miR-214 expression in plasma. Both, YKL-40 concentrations and miR-214 plasma fold change values might serve as possible biomarkers in SSc.

Recent advances in protein profiling technology has facilitated simultaneous measurement of thousands of proteins in large population studies, exposing the depth and complexity of the plasma and serum proteomes. This revealed that proteins in circulation were organized into regulatory modules under genetic control and closely associated with current and future common diseases. Unlike networks in solid tissues, serum protein networks comprise members synthesized across different tissues of the body. Genetic analysis reveals that this cross-tissue regulation of the serum proteome participates in systemic homeostasis and mirrors the global disease state of individuals. Here, we discuss how application of this information in routine clinical evaluations may transform the future practice of medicine.

The objective of this study was to characterize serum protein capillary electrophoretic pattern in 20 clinically healthy neonate calves. The neonates were monitored from birth up to 28 days of age. Venous blood samples were collected from the jugular vein and used for the determination of serum protein fractions using capillary electrophoresis technique. The younger calves 4–11 days old showed electrophoretic pattern composed of albumin and α1-, α2-, β1-, β2- and γ-globulins, whereas the young calves 15–28 days old showed a pattern composed of albumin and α1-, α2-, β- and γ-globulins. The mean values of the relative concentration of serum protein fraction profile (%) were 42.96 ± 6.97 for albumin, 4.53 ± 9.91 for α1-globulin, 20.96 ± 6.80 for α2-globulin, 9.64 ± 1.66 for β1-globulin, 17.38 ± 11.68 for β2-globulin, 12.53 ± 6.17 for β-globulins, 15.98 ± 11.24 for γ-globulins and 0.79 ± 0.22 for albumin/globulins ratio (A/G). Albumin and α2 and β1-globulin fractions (%) and A/G ratio decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in the youngest calves 4–6 days old compared with the calves 15–28 days old. A highly significant decrease (P

Background: Approximately 85% of the U.S. military active duty population is male and less than 50 years of age, with elevated levels of known risk factors for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), including smoking, excessive use of alcohol, and greater numbers of sexual partners, and elevated prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV). Given the recent rise in incidence of OPSCC related to the HPV, the Department of Defense Serum Repository provides an unparalleled resource for longitudinal studies of OPSCC in the military for the identification of early detection biomarkers. Methods: We identified 175 patients diagnosed with OPSCC with 175 matched healthy controls and retrieved a total of 978 serum samples drawn at the time of diagnosis, 2 and 4 years prior to diagnosis, and 2 years after diagnosis. Following immunoaffinity depletion, serum samples were analyzed by targeted proteomics assays for multiplexed quantification of a panel of 146 candidate protein biomarkers from the curated literature. Results: Using a Random Forest machine learning approach, we derived a 13-protein signature that distinguishes cases versus controls based on longitudinal changes in serum protein concentration. The abundances of each of the 13 proteins remain constant over time in control subjects. The AUC for the derived Random Forest classifier was 0.90. Conclusions: This 13-protein classifier is highly promising for detection of OPSCC prior to overt symptoms. Impact: Use of longitudinal samples has significant potential to identify biomarkers for detection and risk stratification.

Three of the most assessed biomarkers in the screening of biological samples for gastric cancer are carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and serum protein p53 (p53). ...

The present study was aimed to establish reference data for nine serum biochemical attributes (glucose, protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, cholesterol, triglycerides, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase [SGOT] and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]) of a supreme aquaculture candidate, namely Lutjanus argentimaculatus. Further, the influence of ecotype (cage–wild), condition index and gender on biochemical attributes was evaluated. The results have shown that gender and condition index had no significant effect in the studied age group, whereas ecotype had a significant role, except on serum glucose levels, suggesting the prime importance of estimating ecotype‐specific reference intervals for interpreting fish health. Intra‐ecotype variability of serum biochemical attributes, namely serum protein, globulin, cholesterol and triglycerides, was less, suggesting the possibility of using these parameters as health indices within a specific ecotype. Consistency in terms of the least intra‐ecotype variability coupled with PCA results points serum protein as the best ecotype‐specific health index among the different parameters studied. Altogether, the results of the present study provide thought‐provoking insights on serum biochemistry of L. argentimaculatus as a platform for the health management of this supreme aquaculture candidate.

TRF is a glycoprotein mainly secreted by hepatocytes, The aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic value of aberrant glycosylated serum transferrin (TRF) especially containing multi-antennary glycans in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).A total of 581 subjects including HCC patients, liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, chronic hepatitis (CHB) patients and healthy controls (HC) were recruited. All the subjects were randomly assigned to training group (n = 411) and validation group (n = 170). We firstly analyzed the serum protein N-glycome profiling of HCC, LC, and HC by DNA sequencer–assisted fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (DSA-FACE) technology. We established a lectin-antibody sandwich ELISA (Lectin-ELISA) method to detect multi-antennary glycans-contained TRF (DSA-TRF) in serum, in which Datura stramonium Agglutinin (DSA) was used for specific recognition. Levels of serum DSA-TRF and TRF were analyzed respectively. The diagnostic efficacies of DSA-TRF and TRF of differentiating HCC patients from CHB, LC patients and HC within the training group were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and tested in the validation group.The result found that in training group, serum TRF and DSA-TRF levels differed significantly between HCC (1.86 ± 0.50, g/L, 0.285 ± 0.06), CHB + LC (2.39 ± 0.74, g/L, 0.189 ± 0.07) and HC (1.92 ± 0.69, g/L, 0.249 ± 0.09) (HCC vs. CHB + LC, P

Objective The diagnosis of seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (SNRA) is often difficult due to the unavailability of reliable laboratory markers. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed proteins in sera of SNRA, seropositive RA (SPRA), and healthy donors (HD). Methods A total of 32 seropositive RA patients, 32 SNRA patients, and 35 HD were enrolled in our study. Differentially expressed proteins between 3 groups were identified via isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)‐based proteomic analysis, and an ELISA test was used for the validation test. Correlation analysis was conducted by GraphPad Prism. Results Using iTRAQ quantitative proteomics, we identified 14 proteins were significantly different between SPRA and SNRA, including 4 upregulated proteins and 10 downregulated proteins. Four differentially expressed proteins were validated by ELISA test, and the results showed that SAA1 protein was significantly higher in SPRA and SNRA patients compared with HD, and PSME1 was elevated in SPRA patients. What's more, SAA1 was increased in the anti‐CCP or RF high‐level group in RA patients, and PSME1 was increased in the RF high‐level group. Alternatively, SAA1 was positively correlated with inflammation indicators in RA patients, while PSME1 showed no correlation with inflammation indicators. Conclusions iTRAQ proteomic approaches revealed variations in serum protein composition among SPRA patients, SNRA patients, and HD and provided new idea for advanced diagnostic methods and precision treatment of RA., Differentially expression proteins among SPRA, SNRA, and HD. SAA1 is positively correlated with inflammation markers in RA patients. SAA1 is positively associated with autoantibodies in RA patients.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in elderly men worldwide with the sixth cause of cancer death in men. It has a high mortality rate, and early diagnosis contributes to a favorable prognosis. Noninvasive detection methods with high sensitivity and specificity are therefore always being sought for prostate cancer diagnosis. In this paper, a method for serum analysis combining membrane protein purification with silver nanoparticle-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for non-invasive prostate cancer detection was present. In this work, total serum proteins were isolated from human serum by cellulose acetate (CA) membrane, and then the purified serum proteins were mixed with silver nanoparticles to perform SERS analysis. This method was evaluated by analyzing serum samples from patients with prostate cancer (n = 10) and healthy volunteers (n = 10). To further investigate the diagnostic ability of proteins isolated from human serum, multivariate statistical analysis was employer to analyze SERS data. Principal component analysis combined with linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) was used to identify the serum protein SERS spectra from prostate cancer patients and healthy volunteers, and the diagnosis sensitivity and specificity of prostate cancer were 90% and 80%, respectively, as compared with the healthy volunteer. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves further confirmed the effectiveness of PCA-LDA diagnostic algorithm. Notably, this algorithm predicted prostate cancer with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.940. The results demonstrated that serum protein SERS technology combined with PCA-LDA diagnostic algorithm has great potential for the noninvasive screening of prostate cancer.

Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) and immunoassays are important tools used clinically to diagnose disease. SPE separates serum proteins into bands whose shape and amplitude can alert clinicians to a range of disorders. This is usually followed by more specific immunoassays to quantify important antigens and confirm a diagnosis. Here we develop a high-speed capillary electrophoresis (HSCE) platform capable of both SPE measurements and quantifying immunoassays, simultaneously. The HSCE uses a 10 cm long total length separation capillary (50 μm i.d., 80 μm o.d.) with an 8 cm length-to-detector for rapid analysis times. This is important for throughput in clinical settings and for quantifying immunoassays, where antigen-antibody complexes continually dissociate once injected into the non-equilibrium conditions of the separation capillary. A single laser excitation source is focused into the detection zone of the capillary to measure both refractive index (SPE) and fluorescence signals (immunoassays), simultaneously. Light scattered back towards the excitation source measures refractive index changes using back-scatter interferometry (BSI), while fluorescence is collected from below the capillary with a high numerical aperture objective. To validate the dual detection HSCE approach, SPE and immunoassays are measured from human serum samples pre-incubated with fluorescein and an anti-fluorescein monoclonal antibody. We show that the BSI signal measures characteristic SPE profiles for human serum separated in 100 mM boric acid (pH 10), 100 mM arginine (pH 11), and 20 mM CHES (pH 10). For the immunoassay, the fluorescence electropherograms reveal that CHES provides the optimal buffer for measuring the immunocomplex and separating it from the free antigen. Immunoassays in CHES yield a LOD of 23 nM and a LOQ of 70 nM for the detection of fluorescein. Elevated pH is used in SPE to ensure all proteins are charged and to reduce protein adsorption to the capillary walls. The high pH, however, also reduces antibody affinity. Preliminary studies carried out in 50 mM barbital at pH 8 show improved stability of the immunocomplex and better separation for immunoassay quantification, but loss of resolution in the SPE. Further optimization will open new capabilities for measuring orthogonal diagnostic signals in seconds with HSCE.

Objective biomarkers that can predict a severe disease course of autoimmune uveitis are lacking, and warranted for early identification of high-risk patients to improve visual outcome. The need for non-steroid immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) to control autoimmune uveitis is indicative of a more severe disease course. We used aptamer-based proteomics and a bioinformatic pipeline to uncover the serum protein network of 52 treatment-free patients and 26 healthy controls, and validation cohorts of 114 and 67 patients. Network-based analyses identified a highly co-expressed serum signature (n=85 proteins) whose concentration was consistently low in controls, but varied between cases. Patients that were positive for the signature at baseline showed a significantly increased risk for IMT during follow-up, independent of anatomical location of disease. In an independent cohort (n=114), we established robust risk categories that confirmed that patients with high levels of the signature at diagnosis had a significantly increased risk to start IMT during follow-up. Finally, we further validated the predictive power of the signature in a third cohort of 67 treatment-naive North-American patients. A serum protein signature was highly predictive for IMT in human autoimmune uveitis and may serve as an objective blood biomarker to aid in clinical-decision making.Abstract Figure

Background Ionized calcium (iCa) is the biologically active fraction of total calcium (tCa) with clinical relevance to evaluate calcium homeostasis, but not all primary veterinarians have access to serum iCa. Formulas that adjust tCa to correct for variability in serum protein concentrations were not designed to predict iCa and are considered unreliable surrogates for iCa. Objectives To determine whether adjusted calcium concentration (aCa) can predict ionized hypocalcemia in hypoalbuminemic dogs without hyperphosphatemia. Animals A total of 262 hypoalbuminemic dogs without hyperphosphatemia. Methods Retrospective review of paired tCa and iCa. Patients were included if serum albumin concentration was ≤2.5 g/L and serum phosphorus concentration was ≤5 mg/dL. The aCa was calculated using tCa (mg/dL) − serum albumin concentration (g/dL) + 3.5 (g/dL). Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPVs) and negative (NPVs) predictive values, and accuracy were determined for tCa and aCa at predicting any (

Astrocytoma is the most common glial tumour of the CNS. The most malignant form is grade IV Astrocytoma, also called Glioblastoma. Due to its heterogeneity, aggressiveness and lethal nature scientists are trying to find less invasive methods for early prediction of tumour onset, recurrence, response to therapy and patients’ survival. Here, applying decision tree classification algorithm we performed astrocytoma specific protein profile analysis on serum proteins TIMP-1, active and latent form of TGF-β1, IP-10, ANGPT-1, OPN, and YKL-40 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent detection assay (ELISA). Results have demonstrated that astrocytoma specific profile consisted of three proteins—active form of TGF-β1, TIMP-1 and YKL-40 and was able to correctly classify 78.0% (103/132) of sample and 83.3% (60/72) of astrocytoma sample. Calculating decision tree algorithm associated with astrocytoma patient survival, prediction model reached an accuracy of 83.3% (60/72). All together these results indicate that glioma detection and prediction from patient serum using glioma associated proteins and applying mathematical classification tools could be achieved, and applying more comprehensive research further could be implemented in clinic.

This study was conducted to determine the performance of broilers fed diets supplemented with dry wild mint (Mentha longifolia) and sage (Salvia officinalis) leaves and which are among the alternative growth promoters. A total number of 315 unsexed broilers seven-day old (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to seven treatments with three replicates. The dietary treatments consisted of the basal diet as control (T1), 10 (T2), 20 (T3) and 30 (T4) g/kg wild mint, 10 (T5), 20 (T6) and 30 (T7) g/kg sage added to the basal diet. The results showed birds fed on diet with 20 g/kg wild mint leaf powder significantly had (P≤0.05) the best body weight and FCR as compared to the group fed on 20 and 30 g/kg of sage without any significant effects compared with the other groups. Birds fed on control groups consumed higher (P≤0.05) feed intake compared with the other treatments. Supplemented broiler diets with 20 g/kg wild mint significantly increased slaughter, carcass, gizzard, liver, leg, giblet and total giblet weight compared with chicks fed on diet supplemented with either 20 or 30 g/kg sage without any significant with the rest group. Not significant affected were observed on heart, head, gut and lung weight due to the treatments. Birds fed in diet supplemented with 20 g/kg wild mint had the highest values of net revenue and economic efficiency compared with the control group . Blood biochemical parameters including serum protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, and glucose concentrations were not statistically (P>0.05) influenced among all treatments.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of serum protein on Enterococcus faecalis adhesion and survival on the surface of Apexit Plus (AP), AH-Plus (AH), a tricalcium silicate–containing sealer (Iroot SP) and gutta-percha (GP). AP, AH or Iroot SP was evenly coated on GP. After root sealers setting, the amount of E. faecalis adhering to the sealers was evaluated in fetal bovine serum (FBS) or TSBG medium by viable cell plate counts. The morphology of the sealers coated on GP and 7-day-old E. faecalis biofilm was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the ratios of viable and dead cells in biofilm were calculated by a Carl Zeiss confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and ZEN software. In 1 and 7 days of assays, the amount of E. faecalis adhering to the surface of sealers or GP in FBS was significantly less than in TSBG (P E. faecalis biofilm on the AP and SP were more typical in the TSBG than in the FBS. The ratio of viable cell in the E. faecalis biofilm was the lowest on the SP by CLSM. It can be stated that Apexit Plus, AH-Plus and Iroot SP sealers may provide the substrate for E. faecalis adhesion, and the serum proteins significantly influenced bacterial adhesion to the surface of Apexit Plus, AH-Plus, Iroot SP and gutta-percha.

Brain-enriched protein biomarkers of tissue fate are being introduced clinically to aid in traumatic brain injury (TBI) management. The aim of this study was to determine how concentrations of six different protein biomarkers, measured in samples collected during the first weeks after TBI, relate to injury severity and outcome. We included neurocritical care TBI patients that were prospectively enrolled from 2007 to 2013, all having one to three blood samples drawn during the first 2 weeks. The biomarkers analyzed were S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), tau, and neurofilament-light (NF-L). Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) was assessed at 12 months. In total, 172 patients were included. All serum markers were associated with injury severity as classified on computed tomography scans at admission. Almost all biomarkers outperformed other known outcome predictors with higher levels the first 5 days, correlating with unfavorable outcomes, and UCH-L1 (0.260, pseduo-R2) displaying the best discrimination in univariate analyses. After adjusting for acknowledged TBI outcome predictors, GFAP and NF-L added most independent information to predict favorable/unfavorable GOS, improving the model from 0.38 to 0.51 pseudo-R2. A correlation matrix indicated substantial covariance, with the strongest correlation between UCH-L1, GFAP, and tau (r = 0.827–0.880). Additionally, the principal component analysis exhibited clustering of UCH-L1 and tau, as well as GFAP, S100B, and NSE, which was separate from NF-L. In summary, a panel of several different protein biomarkers, all associated with injury severity, with different cellular origin and temporal trajectories, improve outcome prediction models.

Our goal was to determine the effect of systematically controlled variation in milk fat, true protein, casein, and serum protein concentrations on the sensory color, flavor and texture properties, instrumental color and viscosity, and milk fat globule size distribution of milk-based beverages. Beverage formulations were based on a complete balanced 3-factor (fat, true protein, and casein as a percentage of true protein) design with 3 fat levels (0.2, 1.0, and 2.0%), 4 true protein (TP) levels (3.00, 3.67, 4.34, and 5.00%) within each fat level, and 5 casein as a percentage of true protein (CN%TP) levels (5, 25, 50, 75, and 80%) within each protein level (for a total of 60 formulations within each of 2 replicates). Instrumental measures of Hunter L and a values and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) b* values, instrumental viscosity, particle size, flavor, sensory texture and sensory appearance evaluations were done on each pasteurized/homogenized beverage formulation. Within each of the 3 fat levels, higher serum protein concentration drove higher aroma intensity, sweet aromatic, cooked/sulfur, cardboard/doughy flavors, and sensory yellowness scores, whereas higher casein concentration drove higher instrumental viscosity in milk protein beverages. Increasing serum protein concentration increased yellowness, sweet aromatic, aroma intensity, cooked/sulfur, and cardboard/doughy flavors across all fat levels and also had the largest effect on L, a, and b* values, sensory whiteness, and opacity within each fat level. Increases in true protein increased throat cling and astringency intensities. Increases in fat concentration were correlated with higher L, a, and b* values, larger particle size, and increased sensory whiteness, mouth coating, cooked/milky, and milkfat flavors. Multiple linear regression of L, a, and b* values produced better predictions of sensory whiteness and yellowness of pasteurized milk protein beverages than simple linear regression of L or b* values, respectively. Formulating milk protein beverages to a higher true protein level increased astringency regardless of fat level. When formulating milk protein beverages, a product developer has a wide range of milk-based protein ingredient choices that differ in price and change price relationship across time. Understanding the expected relative effect of different milk protein ingredients on the textural and flavor characteristics of milk-based beverages could be used to help guide product reformulation decisions and ingredient choices to achieve a specific sensory profile while controlling total beverage ingredient cost.

Objective: To identify potential serum protein candidates involved in linking the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-defined qi deficiency constitution (QDC) to Pi-qi-deficiency syndrome (PQDS) of chronic superficial gastritis (CSG). Methods: Using participants with the TCM-defined balanced constitution as a control population, label-free quantitative proteomics was adopted to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in serum samples from two case populations: case population 1 (participants with QDC) and case population 2 (patients with PQDS of CSG). The DEPs discovered in both case populations were analyzed to identify common DEPs as potential candidates for proteins involved in the link between QDC and PQDS. Based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and analysis of protein–protein interaction networks, we evaluated the possible functions of these potential serum candidates. Results: We discovered 24 and 28 proteins that were differentially expressed in case populations 1 and 2, respectively, compared with the control population. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the expression profile of DEPs of individuals from the same population clustered well, while those from different populations were segregated. Furthermore, GO analysis revealed the 10 DEPs that were common to both case populations to be mainly associated with negative regulation of cellular metabolic and immune system processes while KEGG analysis indicated these proteins to be associated with complement and coagulation cascades and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling. Notably, serum levels of C4b-binding protein beta chain, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D1 and MS-F1 light chain variable region proteins were notably higher in the two case populations compared with the control, particularly in the case of CSG with PQDS. Conclusion: The results presented here provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying development of PQDS of CSG from QDC, and suggest candidate serum biomarkers for future application in integrative medicine. Keywords: Qi deficiency constitution, Pi-qi-deficiency syndrome, Chronic superficial gastritis, Serum biomarker

Background and Aim: Unlike the already well-documented human serum proteome, there are still limitations regarding analyzing and interpreting the various physiological changes and disease states of the serum proteomes found in duck. Serum proteome in duck under the condition of mycotoxin contamination in feed has not yet been examined. This study aimed to introduce the characterization of the circulating proteomes in duck serum during exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Materials and Methods: Duck serum samples were collected from four experimental groups, gel-based mass spectrometry was then applied, and finally, 445 proteins were identified in pulled serum sample. Results: Among these 445 proteins, 377 were present in at least one group from all. There were 35 proteins which were expressed when the duck was exposed to AFB1. The protein library that allows the identification of a large number of different proteins in duck serum will be enhanced by the addition of these peptide spectral data. It is noteworthy that chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7) [Gallus gallus] was up-regulated in the group with the highest AFB1 contamination. Conclusion: CHD7 protein might be somehow relative to aflatoxicosis in the duck that causes poor performance and economic loss. Moreover, other proteins present in duck serum were also added in the protein library.

The patient is a 76-year-old Chinese man who was found to have increased serum protein concentrations during workup for severe anemia. Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP)2 performed on Sebia Hydrasys 2 showed a protein band with wide smearing extending from the β to γ regions (Fig. 1A, lane 1). The staining of the γ region was strikingly decreased. On the immunofixation gel (IFE, Sebia Hydrasys 2), a discrete band was seen close to the point of application on all lanes with equal intensity (Fig. 1B, gel 1), preventing isotype identification. In accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation, the serum specimen was pretreated with Fluidil or Fluidil with β-mercaptoethanol (bME). A sharp band without smearing was seen in the β region on SPEP (Fig. 1A, lane 3), while only minor change was seen on IFE gel (Fig. 1B, gel 2). This pattern of a discrete band in every lane of IFE persisted in this patient's later follow-up visits, irrespective of serum immunoglobulin levels or treatment. Isotype identification of the paraprotein could not be achieved by currently known …

Binding of bismuth cation with two newly synthesized picolinate containing acyclic (L1) and macrocyclic (L2) ligands was studied. Both ligands demonstrate complex formation with Bi3+ under ambient conditions with high complexation constants. Serum stability of the complexes was investigated in serum protein excess of 10- and 100-times. Experiments with no-carrier-added radiobismuth (207Bi and 213Bi) were performed. A one-column 225Ac/213Bi generator system, based on Ac resin (Triskem Inc.), was tested. The overall yield of 213Bi was exceeding 85% with 225Ac breakthrough below 10−4%.

Albumin is the most abundant serum protein and shows variation in its synthesis rate in different physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Thus, there might be an association expected between serum albumin concentration and body health. A library of NIR probes engineered with the optimum hydrophobicity has been developed and characterized using spectroscopy techniques and was employed to understand the variation of hepatic albumin synthesis rates on physiological and pathophysiological states. Given the importance of hydrophobicity in rendering an effective interaction of small molecules with biomolecules, strategic structure interaction relationship studies led us toward the development of a potent emissive molecular probe through chemical library development. By exploration of these newly developed molecular probes, our study elegantly showed how a pathophysiological condition like the hyperinsulinemic state significantly downregulates albumin biosynthesis in HepG2 cells using fluorescence microscopy as a tool. An excellent correlation between the albumin transcript level and fluorescence intensity inside the cells has been observed. The key role of hydrophobicity resulting in an effective interaction of the probes with albumin, thus leading to strong optical signals, has been experimentally demonstrated in this report. Also, a siRNA interference technique has been utilized to establish the excellent selectivity of the developed probes with excitation as well as emission in the NIR region. We therefore have established through our experimental findings that suitable cell permeable emissive molecular markers with a high degree of albumin specificity can be used as a good optical tool for studying the effect of hyperinsulinemia on albumin biosynthesis modulation.

The purpose of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of the elimination diet in infants with gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergy.Patients and methods. 84 children aged 2 months to 1 year were examined with gastrointestinal food allergy to cow's milk proteins. All children were prescribed an elimination diet with the exclusion of cow's milk proteins. An assessment was made of the regression of gastrointestinal symptoms on day 3, 7 and 14 of diet therapy and the determination of the concentration of eosinophilic cationic protein in serum. The general-clinical, immunological, allergological and statistical methods of research were used.Results. The purpose of the elimination diet with the exclusion of cow's milk proteins for nursing mothers and the use of mixtures with extensive hydrolysis of protein in the case of artificial feeding leads to a complete regression of gastrointestinal and skin symptoms in all examined children on the 14th day of diet therapy, which is further confirmed by the normalization of the concentration of eosinophilic cationic serum protein in diet therapy. Conclusions. Elimination of cow's milk proteins in infants with gastrointestinal food allergy results in complete regression of gastrointestinal and skin symptoms on day 14 of diet therapy, and determination of the concentration of eosinophilic cationic protein in serum can be used as an additional criterion for the effectiveness of diet therapy.

Avoiding fibrostenotic complications is of paramount concern in the management of Crohn's disease (CD). We sought to investigate the association of candidate biomarkers of fibrosis collected at diagnosis with the future development of fibrostenotic CD.Using the Risk Stratification and Identification of Immunogenetic and Microbial Markers of Rapid Disease Progression in Children with Crohn's Disease cohort, a multicenter prospective observational pediatric inception cohort, subjects with an inflammatory phenotype (B1) at diagnosis who later converted to a stricturing phenotype (B2) within 3 years were compared with those who remained B1. Serum collected at diagnosis underwent both parallel reaction monitoring-targeted proteomic analysis and conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 10 candidate biomarkers of intestinal fibrosis. Cox proportional hazard regression was used for multivariable analysis of time-dependent outcomes.In 116 subjects 58 subjects with verified B1 phenotype at diagnosis who later converted to B2 disease were compared with 58 subjects who remained B1 over 3 years of follow-up. Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) levels in the upper quartile (hazard ratio [HR] 3.43, 95% confidence limit [CL] 1.33, 8.42) were associated with future fibrostenotic disease. ASCA IgA (HR 4.99, 95% CL 1.50, 16.68) and CBir levels (HR 5.19, 95% CL 1.83, 14.74) were also associated with future intestinal fibrostenosis, although ECM1 continued to demonstrate independent association with conversion to B2 even with adjustment for serologies in multivariable analysis (HR 5.33, 95% CL 1.29, 22.13).ECM1 and other biomarkers of fibrosis may aid in determining the risk of uncomplicated inflammatory disease converting to B2 stricturing phenotypes in children with CD. Prospective validation studies to verify test performance and optimize clinical utilization are needed before clinical implementation.

Amaç: Hastanede yatan ve beslenme desteği (BD) tedavisi alan hastalarda yetersiz beslenme, malnütrisyona bağlı komplikasyon riskini arttırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada hastanede yatan ve BD alan hastalarda, malnütrisyon durumu ve BD tedavisinin etkinliğinin ölçülmesi amaçlanmıştır.Bireyler ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya hastanede yatan, BD gereksinmesi nedeni ile beslenme destek ekibine danışılan ve izlenen 100 yetişkin (≥18 yaş) hasta dahil edilmiştir. Hastalarda malnütrisyon durumu Nütrisyonel Risk Değerlendirme Skoru-2002 (NRS-2002) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Beslenme destek tedavisi alan hastaların hedeflenen günlük enerji ve protein gereksinmelerine ulaşma süreleri günlük vizitler ile değerlendirilmiştir. Hastalar taburcu oluncaya kadar veya hastanede ölüm görülünceye kadar izlenmiştir. Hastaların ilk değerlendirmede ve izlem süresi sonunda haftalık olarak bazı biyokimyasal parametreleri değerlendirilmiştir. Hastaların klinik sonuçları, hastanede yatış süreleri ve mortalite görülme sıklığı kayıt edilmiştir.Bulgular: Hastanede BD ekibine danışılan hastalarda, NRS-2002 skoruna göre nütrisyonel risk altında olan hastaların sıklığı %75’tir. Hastalarda hedeflenen protein ve enerji gereksinmelerine ulaşma süresi sırasıyla ortalama 21.15±18.15 gün ve 19.56±17.14 gün’dür. İzlenen hastalarda mortalite görülme sıklığı %59’dur. Beslenme desteği tedavisine rağmen tüm hastaların BD tedavisi aldıkları son haftada serum protein değerleri (total protein ve albümin) düşmüştür (p0.05).Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, BD ekibine danışılan hastaların klinik durumunun, BD tedavisinin etkinliğini değiştirdiğini ve bu nedenle hedeflenen BD tedavisine ulaşma süresinin çok geç olduğu düşünülmektedir. Klinikte BD tedavisi alan hastaların izlemleri düzenli olarak yapılmalı ve hedef stratejiler oluşturularak izlem süreçlerinin iyileştirilmesi gerekmektedir.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an important risk factor for colon cancer. Novel serum immunoinflammation-related protein complexes (IIRPCs) have shown associations with early cancer detection. Herein, we investigated the potential of serum IIRPCs for discriminating between IBD and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Serum protein complexes of 65 healthy controls, 57 CRC, 69 (ulcerative colitis) UC, and 67 (Crohn's disease) CD patients were isolated by native-PAGE. The gray values of serum IIRPCs bands in the gel were quantified using Quantity One software. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to assess the discriminating ability by calculating the area under the ROC curve. The serum IIRPCs levels in IBD and CRC patients were significantly elevated compared to healthy controls. ROC analysis indicated certain diagnostic ability of serum IIRPCs in differentiating IBD from CRC. Specifically, “a3” complex discriminated UC from CRC, with an AUC value of 0.722, sensitivity of 69.4% and specificity of 63.8%. Similarly, “b4” complex discriminated UC from CRC, with an AUC value of 0.709, sensitivity of 70.4%, and specificity of 60.0%. In addition, the “a3” complex also discriminated CD from CRC, with an AUC value of 0.785, sensitivity of 73.1%, and specificity of 74.1%, while the “b4” complex showed a tendency to discriminate CD from CRC, with an AUC value of 0.663, sensitivity of 67.9% and specificity of 50.0%. Thus, an equation based on multiple IIRPCs was built to further improve the discriminating power. Serum IIRPCs can be used to discriminate IBD from CRC and may also be associated with early screening of colitis-associated cancer.

Liver cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Safer and more effective diagnostic methods for liver cancer are desirable, and biomarkers represent a potentially alternative method for diagnosis. The present study was designed to identify liver cancer biomarkers. We quantified the changes in serum protein levels between liver transplantation and healthy (control) females using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) as well as proteomic analysis. A total of 1399 proteins were identified; of these, three proteins showed significantly different concentrations between the before transplantation group and the control group. These proteins may thus be relevant to liver cancer and constitute potential liver cancer biomarkers.

Background and Aim: Blood proteins in birds serve as an important indicator in the evaluation of health status and represent a basis in general biochemistry allowing the identification of metabolic alterations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protein profile in broiler chickens extended by the concentrations of serum protein fractions at different periods of fattening. Materials and Methods: Into the evaluation, we included 24 clinically healthy Ross 308 line meat-type chickens at the age of 2 days. Blood samples were taken on day 4, 18, 32, and 46 of fattening always from six randomly selected chickens. Chickens were fed with a commercial starter, grower, and finisher feeds. The concentrations of total serum protein and protein fractions were evaluated. Results: Various significant changes in the proportion of the individual protein fractions were found during the observed period except for the beta-globulins in all protein fractions and the albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio. At the beginning of the fattening period, the relative concentrations of albumin, α1-globulins, and A/G ratio were significantly lower and the values of α2- and γ-globulins significantly higher (p