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The LPxTG-motif protein is an important transmembrane protein with high hydrophilicity and stability, as evidenced by its stress tolerance and adhesion ability. In this study, the multifunctional properties of a novel LPxTG-motif protein with esterase activity (LEP) were revalued. When co-cultured with Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) SH-23, it improved the adhesion ability of L. reuteri SH-23 to HT-29 cells, and the HT-29 cells’ adhesion related target proteins were ANXA2, CSNK1D, PKM, and HSPA8. In addition, as a multifunctional protein, LEP demonstrated potential esterase activity in the presence of Zn2+ and Mn2+ at pH 7. Furthermore, LEP, with its esterase activity, promoted the hydrolysis of bovine milk lipids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as linoleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid were found to increase during the hydrolyzing process. These unique properties of LEP provide a comprehensive understanding of the adhesion function and PUFAs releasing properties of the multifunctional protein derived from L. reuteri SH-23 and shed light on the beneficial effect of this Lactobacillus strain during the colonization of the gastrointestinal tract.

Most community detection methods focus on the similarities between detection nodes to achieve community partitioning. Traditional network representation learning methods are also limited to the local context of the central nodes, which results in less truly representative results. This article examines nodes’ influence information, nodes’ community affiliating information, and similarity of community topologies and proposes a more effective node representation strategy. According to the local node information and global topology in the social network graph, a method of combining local node embedding and global community embedding is also designed. The effectiveness of learning node representation and community representation is improved by our approach. The proposed model can also effectively detect overlapping communities.

Depression is immensely attributed to the overactivation of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor in the brains. As regulatory binding partners of NMDA receptor, both Zn2+ and H+ are intimately interrelated to NMDA receptor's activity. Therefore, exploring synergistic changes on the levels of Zn2+ and H+ in brains will promote the knowledge and treatment of depression. However, the lack of efficient, appropriate imaging tools limits simultaneously tracking Zn2+ and H+ in living mouse brains. Thus, a well-designed dual-color fluorescent probe (DNP) was fabricated for the simultaneous monitoring of Zn2+ and H+ in the brains of mice with depression. Encountering Zn2+, the probe evoked bright blue fluorescence at 460 nm. Meanwhile, the red fluorescence at 680 nm was decreased with H+ addition. With blue/red dual fluorescence signal of DNP, we observed the synchronous increased Zn2+ and H+ in PC12 cells under oxidative stress. Notably, in vivo imaging for the first time revealed the simultaneous reduction of Zn2+ and pH in brains of mice with depression-like behaviors. Further results implied that the NMDA receptor might be responsible for the coinstantaneous fluctuation of Zn2+ and H+ during depression. Altogether, this work is conducive to the knowledge of neural signal transduction mechanisms, advancing our understanding of the pathogenesis in depression.

Milk-derived peptides have been identified as the essential ingredients in the food industry for the health-promoting properties. Some bioactive peptides in the milk product can be released by the specific protease system of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) during the fermentation processing. In this research, the bioactive peptides released from the casein and whey protein are investigated by the hydrolyzing ability of the Lactobacillus brevis CGMCC15954, Lactobacillus reuteri WQ-Y1 and Lactobacillus plantarum A3. Results found that the hydrolysates of casein/whey protein generated by L. reuteri WQ-Y1 have the potential antioxidant activity. Furthermore, milk-derived peptides identified by the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with the BIOPEP-UWM database showed the YLGYLEQLLR (α

Software reliability assessment has become an important means to evaluate software failure behaviors and ensure the software reliability. With the continuous development of automation technology, considerably number of reliability assessment tools have been developed for software reliability analysis, estimation and prediction. In this paper, most popular software reliability assessment tools are reviewed. Five of them, SFRAT, SRATS, RSRAT, PHSRM and SMERFS, are selected for comprehensively comparative analysis. We also construct the evaluation index system of software reliability assessment tools, and analyze the differences in software reliability estimation and prediction ability of these tools through experimental studies. In the end, we summarize the characteristics and potential application scenarios of each tool, and further discuss the development trends and future research directions.

Depression is immensely attributed to the overactivation of

Microbial processes can produce a wide range of compounds; however, producing complex and long chain hydrocarbons remains a challenge. Aldol condensation offers a direct route to synthesize these challenging chemistries and can be catalyzed by microbes using aldolases. Deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase (DERA) condenses aldehydes and/or ketones to β -hydroxyaldehydes, which can be further converted to value-added chemicals such as a precursor to cholesterol-lowering drugs. Here, we implement a short, aldolase-based pathway in Escherichia coli to produce (R)-1,3-BDO from glucose, an essential component of pharmaceutical products and cosmetics. First, we expressed a three step heterologous pathway from pyruvate to produce 0.3 g/L of (R)-1,3-BDO with a yield of 11.2 mg/g of glucose in wild-type E. coli K12 MG1655. We used a systems metabolic engineering approach to improve (R)-1,3-BDO titer and yield by: 1) identifying and reducing major by-products: ethanol, acetoin, and 2,3-butanediol; 2) increasing pathway flux through DERA to reduce accumulation of toxic acetaldehyde. We then implemented a two-stage fermentation process to improve (R)-1,3-BDO titer by 8-fold to 2.4 g/L and yield by 5-fold to 56 mg/g of glucose ( 11 % of maximum theoretical yield) in strain BD24, by controlling pH to 7 and higher dissolved oxygen level. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential of the aldolase chemistry to synthesize diverse products directly from renewable resources in microbes.

The clustering algorithm plays an important role in data mining and image processing. The breakthrough of algorithm precision and method directly affects the direction and progress of the following research. At present, types of clustering algorithms are mainly divided into hierarchical, density-based, grid-based and model-based ones. This paper mainly studies the Clustering by Fast Search and Find of Density Peaks (CFSFDP) algorithm, which is a new clustering method based on density. The algorithm has the characteristics of no iterative process, few parameters and high precision. However, we found that the clustering algorithm did not consider the original topological characteristics of the data. We also found that the clustering data is similar to the social network nodes mentioned in DeepWalk, which satisfied power-law distribution. In this study, we tried to consider the topological characteristics of the graph in the clustering algorithm. Based on previous studies, we propose a clustering algorithm that adds the topological characteristics of original data on the basis of the CFSFDP algorithm. Our experimental results show that the clustering algorithm with topological features significantly improves the clustering effect and proves that the addition of topological features is effective and feasible.

Polycrystalline mercuric iodide films are being developed as a new detector technology for X-ray imaging at room temperature. In this paper, different electrode patterns were designed by varying the widths of grid and gap. The finite elements analysis was used to simulate the potential distribution of the coplanar-grid detectors. The electrode design of pattern A (the width of grid was 150 μm and the width of gap was 500 μm) was the best. In addition, the influence of edge effects resulting from the asymmetrical electrodes on the potential distribution was discussed. In this way, the geometry of electrodes for coplanar-grid detectors was optimized by widening the second grids near the edges as shown in pattern N.

Potentially low cost and large area polycrystalline mercuric iodide is one of the preferred materials for the fabrication of room temperature X-ray and gamma-ray detectors. The properties of the contact between electrode and film play an important role in the performance of the polycrystalline mercuric iodide detector. The crystalline structure of the as-deposited polycrystalline α-HgI 2 films were characterized by XRD. The surface morphology of the films was obtained by optical microscope and scan electron microscopes (SEM). And the I-V curve and the response to 241Am were measured after evaporating Au electrode. The energy resolution of 241Am α particles at room temperature was obtained.