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Hand hygiene is defined as a behavior of cleaning hands with soap and water and hand rubbing using sanitizer without soap and water. The present study is conducted to assess the knowledge and practice regarding hand hygiene to prevent infection among rural and urban people in selected areas of Ahmedabad. A quantitative research approach was used in the study to assess the knowledge and practice regarding hand hygiene to prevent infection among rural and urban people in selected areas of Ahmedabad in view to develop an information booklet. The investigator adopted convenient sampling technique to select the samples. Samples who met the criteria for sample selection were selected. Data was collected by self-structured knowledge questionnaire and a checklist. The result shows that the knowledge and practice of the people residing in urban area is more than the people residing in the rural area. The mean score of knowledge of urban area is 13.54 and rural area is 13.1. The mean score of practice of urban area is 10.67 and rural area is 8.16. The t-value of knowledge is 0.51 and practice is 4.11. The present study shows that the knowledge and practice of the people residing in urban area is more than the people residing in the rural area regarding hand hygiene. &nbsp

Background: The scrotum is a readily examinable structure clinically in normal conditions. However, in cases of swelling and tenderness, its clinical examination alone may not reveal any significant information. Therefore, imaging techniques such as ultrasound including CT and MRI may be required in cases. We in the current study tried to evaluate the role of ultrasound, CT, and MRI in the evaluation of scrotal pathologies. Methods: All the cases of scrotal pathologies referred from the Departments of Urology and General Surgery, were included in the study. All the patients were studied using Highfrequency real-time grayscale ultrasonography and Doppler. Before subjecting the patients for ultrasound examination, patient details, detailed clinical history was obtained along with thorough physical examination. The color Doppler sonography was routinely performed in all these patients. Subsequently, these cases were followed up and correlated with histopathology report, fine needle aspiration cytology results, surgical findings, response to treatment. Results: Out of n=50 cases studied most of the casesClinically presented with a combination of multiple symptoms wasscrotal swelling, as in n=18 cases (36%).Out of which n=30(60%) were unilateral and n=20(40%) werebilateral.Combination of pain, swelling, and fever in four cases (8%). The n=30 unilateral swelling showed n=14 cases of right-side involvement and n=16 cases of left-side involvement. Of n=5 cases of congenital anomaly associated with the descent of testes, n=2 cases were referred with clinical suspicion of incompletely descended testes, which were clinically palpable. 4% cases of scrotal and testicular trauma were detected. Among non-neoplastic scrotal swellings, hydrocele is the commonest pathology noted in n=9 cases. Epididymal cyst in n=2 cases, varicocele in n=6 cases. Conclusion: ultrasonography is best for the demonstration of morphological changes due to acute scrotal inflammation. The color doppler sonography can accurately differentiate between testicular ischemia and torsion from acute inflammatory diseases. High-frequency ultrasonography with Doppler is highly sensitive in demonstrating the varicoceles. MRI provides better delineation of borders, cystic components, and tissue signal intensities of the testicular masses. CT is the imaging modality of choice for detecting metastatic deposits

A menstrual cup is a small bell shaped cup that a woman can insert into their vagina to collect menstrual blood during a period. The menstrual cup can be a good solution for menstrual hygiene management in economically challenged setting. The present study conducted reveals about the effectiveness of planned teaching program on the knowledge and attitude regarding the uses of menstrual cup among the adolescent girls to enhance the knowledge and improve women health in selected areas of Ahmedabad. The pre experimental study was conducted on adolescent girls with inclusion criteria of age group 13 to 19 years, girls having regular menstrual cycle, willingness to participate in study. The investigator adopted purposive sampling technique to select the sample. Data was collected using 6 demographic variables & 20 questionnaires regarding menstrual cup were included. These questionnaires were divided into various areas such as introduction, parts, types, technique for folding, steps of insertion, side effects and cleaning of menstrual cup. A pre-test was conducted on 30 samples after which the planned teaching program was implemented followed by the post test. &nbsp

Supplemental material, sj-docx-7-pie-10.1177_09544089221131666 for Animal waste powder utilization for Al6061/SiC composite using friction stir processing with scroll shoulder hexagonal tool by Prateek Gupta, Hari Singh and Sudhir Kumar in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

Supplemental material, sj-docx-10-pie-10.1177_09544089221131666 for Animal waste powder utilization for Al6061/SiC composite using friction stir processing with scroll shoulder hexagonal tool by Prateek Gupta, Hari Singh and Sudhir Kumar in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

Supplemental material, sj-docx-10-pie-10.1177_09544089221131666 for Animal waste powder utilization for Al6061/SiC composite using friction stir processing with scroll shoulder hexagonal tool by Prateek Gupta, Hari Singh and Sudhir Kumar in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

Supplemental material, sj-docx-11-pie-10.1177_09544089221131666 for Animal waste powder utilization for Al6061/SiC composite using friction stir processing with scroll shoulder hexagonal tool by Prateek Gupta, Hari Singh and Sudhir Kumar in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-pie-10.1177_09544089221131666 for Animal waste powder utilization for Al6061/SiC composite using friction stir processing with scroll shoulder hexagonal tool by Prateek Gupta, Hari Singh and Sudhir Kumar in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-pie-10.1177_09544089221131666 for Animal waste powder utilization for Al6061/SiC composite using friction stir processing with scroll shoulder hexagonal tool by Prateek Gupta, Hari Singh and Sudhir Kumar in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-pie-10.1177_09544089221131666 for Animal waste powder utilization for Al6061/SiC composite using friction stir processing with scroll shoulder hexagonal tool by Prateek Gupta, Hari Singh and Sudhir Kumar in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

Supplemental material, sj-docx-7-pie-10.1177_09544089221131666 for Animal waste powder utilization for Al6061/SiC composite using friction stir processing with scroll shoulder hexagonal tool by Prateek Gupta, Hari Singh and Sudhir Kumar in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

Supplemental material, sj-docx-6-pie-10.1177_09544089221131666 for Animal waste powder utilization for Al6061/SiC composite using friction stir processing with scroll shoulder hexagonal tool by Prateek Gupta, Hari Singh and Sudhir Kumar in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-pie-10.1177_09544089221131666 for Animal waste powder utilization for Al6061/SiC composite using friction stir processing with scroll shoulder hexagonal tool by Prateek Gupta, Hari Singh and Sudhir Kumar in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

Supplemental material, sj-docx-13-pie-10.1177_09544089221131666 for Animal waste powder utilization for Al6061/SiC composite using friction stir processing with scroll shoulder hexagonal tool by Prateek Gupta, Hari Singh and Sudhir Kumar in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

Supplemental material, sj-docx-6-pie-10.1177_09544089221131666 for Animal waste powder utilization for Al6061/SiC composite using friction stir processing with scroll shoulder hexagonal tool by Prateek Gupta, Hari Singh and Sudhir Kumar in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

Supplemental material, sj-docx-5-pie-10.1177_09544089221131666 for Animal waste powder utilization for Al6061/SiC composite using friction stir processing with scroll shoulder hexagonal tool by Prateek Gupta, Hari Singh and Sudhir Kumar in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

Supplemental material, sj-docx-8-pie-10.1177_09544089221131666 for Animal waste powder utilization for Al6061/SiC composite using friction stir processing with scroll shoulder hexagonal tool by Prateek Gupta, Hari Singh and Sudhir Kumar in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

Supplemental material, sj-docx-12-pie-10.1177_09544089221131666 for Animal waste powder utilization for Al6061/SiC composite using friction stir processing with scroll shoulder hexagonal tool by Prateek Gupta, Hari Singh and Sudhir Kumar in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

Supplemental material, sj-docx-9-pie-10.1177_09544089221131666 for Animal waste powder utilization for Al6061/SiC composite using friction stir processing with scroll shoulder hexagonal tool by Prateek Gupta, Hari Singh and Sudhir Kumar in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

Supplemental material, sj-docx-13-pie-10.1177_09544089221131666 for Animal waste powder utilization for Al6061/SiC composite using friction stir processing with scroll shoulder hexagonal tool by Prateek Gupta, Hari Singh and Sudhir Kumar in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

Supplemental material, sj-docx-4-pie-10.1177_09544089221131666 for Animal waste powder utilization for Al6061/SiC composite using friction stir processing with scroll shoulder hexagonal tool by Prateek Gupta, Hari Singh and Sudhir Kumar in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-pie-10.1177_09544089221131666 for Animal waste powder utilization for Al6061/SiC composite using friction stir processing with scroll shoulder hexagonal tool by Prateek Gupta, Hari Singh and Sudhir Kumar in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

Supplemental material, sj-docx-9-pie-10.1177_09544089221131666 for Animal waste powder utilization for Al6061/SiC composite using friction stir processing with scroll shoulder hexagonal tool by Prateek Gupta, Hari Singh and Sudhir Kumar in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

Supplemental material, sj-docx-8-pie-10.1177_09544089221131666 for Animal waste powder utilization for Al6061/SiC composite using friction stir processing with scroll shoulder hexagonal tool by Prateek Gupta, Hari Singh and Sudhir Kumar in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-pie-10.1177_09544089221131666 for Animal waste powder utilization for Al6061/SiC composite using friction stir processing with scroll shoulder hexagonal tool by Prateek Gupta, Hari Singh and Sudhir Kumar in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

Aim:To assess the effectiveness of pranayama to relieve stress at selected areas. Methodology: study design: one group pre-test post–test research design1. Place and duration of study:The study was conducted in selected areas of Ahmedabad. The rationale for selecting this group people are the familiarity with the setting, locality, availability of sample, feasibility of conducting the study, easy accessibility of the samples. Data was collected from/08/2021 to/08/2021. Sample:Purposive sampling technique was used to select 30 samples at selected areas of Ahmedabad. Perceived stress scale was used to assess this stress level among the people. Results: The result shows that there is no significant effect on stress after pranayama .This study therefore offers an encouraging. The result might be achieved if the duration to the practice pranayama can be increased. Conclusion:The study reveals that the effect of pranayama on the suffering with stress has minimal effect. A person with mild stress encompasses improvement in condition.

Background: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the main cellular receptor for the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and acts as a pro-inflammatory mediator of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection is influenced by the pro-inflammatory mediators. The specific microRNAs (miRNAs) influence the ACE2 expression and are accountable for the increased circulatory pro-inflammatory mediator levels. Thus, host factors play a crucial role in COVID-19 pathophysiology. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 disease is not well understood. Hence we comprehended the role of miRNAs, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and ACE2 genes in COVID-19 pathophysiology. Methods: We utilized multiple databases, specifically EMBASE, PubMed (Medline), and Google Scholar, for our search. Discussion: SARS-CoV-2 genes could be the target of host miRNAs. The miRNAs regulate the expression of ACE2 in various organs, including the kidney, heart, blood vessels, and lung. ACE2 acts as a pro-inflammatory mediator of SARS-CoV-2 associated disease. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF) have been associated with severe COVID-19 disease. Hence variation in expression of miRNAs would influence the regulation of COVID-19 pathophysiology. The clinical outcomes of COVID-19 are variable which could be linked with the difference in binding of host miRNA to the target genes. Conclusion: Correlation of these genes with severe or critical stages of patients will provide biomarkers for the severity of lung inflammation which would be useful in the rapid identification of patients in need of hospital admission. Analysis of the relationship between the miRNAs and ACE2 will be helpful in designing anti-miR therapy for ACE2-related SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Bacterial vaginosis is currently the most prevalent cause of vaginal infection and vaginal discharge among the sexually active women. Bacterial vaginosis is a complex microbiological disease. Therefore, we aimed to determine the association of risk factors for bacterial vaginosis patients. In the prospective study, we enrolled a total of 300 nonpregnant women. One hundred and twenty six women were positive for bacterial vaginosis, confirmed by Amsel's criteria and Nugent's scoring. One hundred and seventy four women were unrelated control. Frequency of intrauterine contraceptive device differed significantly between bacterial vaginosis and healthy individuals (29.4% versus 17.2%, p=0.017; OR=1.70). Individuals with a sexual transmitted disease in partners was conferred significantly higher risk for bacterial vaginosis (p=0.001, OR=8.28). However, use of contraception, vaginal douching, and use of condom did not modulate the risk of bacterial vaginosis. Individuals with the use of intrauterine contraceptive device and presence of sexual transmitted disease in partners conferred a higher risk for bacterial vaginosis.

Eukaryotic chromatin is a complex yet dynamic structure, which is regulated in part by the assembly and disassembly of nucleosomes. Key to this process is a group of proteins termed histone chaperones that guide the thermodynamic assembly of nucleosomes by interacting with soluble histones. Here we investigate the interaction between the histone chaperone sNASP and its histone H3 substrate. We find that sNASP binds with nanomolar affinity to a conserved heptapeptide motif in the globular domain of H3, close to the C-terminus. Through functional analysis of sNASP homologues we identified point mutations in surface residues within the TPR domain of sNASP that disrupt H3 peptide interaction, but do not completely disrupt binding to full length H3 in cells, suggesting that sNASP interacts with H3 through additional contacts. Furthermore, chemical shift perturbations from 1H-15N HSQC experiments show that H3 peptide binding maps to the helical groove formed by the stacked TPR motifs of sNASP. Our findings reveal a new mode of interaction between a TPR repeat domain and an evolutionarily conserved peptide motif found in canonical H3 and in all histone H3 variants, including CenpA and have implications for the mechanism of histone chaperoning within the cell. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München DFG/SFB/646 DFG/SFB/1064 DFG/CIPSM DFG/SyNergy Bavarian BioSysNet programme European Molecular Biology Laboratory DFG/TI 817/2-1 Worldwide Cancer Research/14-1315 EMBO Long-term Fellowship Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship