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This article investigates labor through the interpretation of modern artistic practices. Two exhibitions have been chosen as examples. The first one is the exhibition of Vladimir Arkhipov's collection of folk things; the second one is “Gastev. How to Work'' dedicated to Alexey Gastev. The exhibitions were held at the PERMM Museum of Contemporary Art in 2021. The author conducts a comparative cross-temporal study of the results of labor and the labor process focusing on the phenomenon of a folk thing investigated by artist Vladimir Arkhipov for more than two decades and idealistic reference ideas of scientifically regulated labor norms and standards developed by Alexei Gastev and the Central Institute of Labor in the 1920s. The comparative study will rely on the paradigms of re-thinking the labor in the mid-20th and early 21st centuries by scientists such as A. Honneth, Z. Bauman, M. Heidegger, G. Standing, and H. Arendt and the contemporary philosophical research on the issue of ontologies, namely the flat ones, undertaken by B. Latour and T. Morton. The methods designed during the evolution of the theoretical representation and understanding of labor in the second half of the 19th century and at the end of the 20th century allow for tracing and exploring the path from the forced labor to the free one focusing on artistic practices. This comparison will refer to the analysis of labor as a process. Contemporary approaches in the field of ontology, namely the flat ontology, have been used as a methodology for analyzing the transformation of perceiving the labor outcomes. Both the labor process and its results have been analyzed along the trajectory of the subject-object relations. The paper proposes a definition of the perception and product of labor under the modern socio-economic and sociopolitical conditions through the prism of artistic ideas.

Introduction: Trialing novel cancer therapies in the clinic would benefit from imaging agents that can detect early evidence of treatment response. The timing, extent and distribution of cell death in tumors following treatment can give an indication of outcome. We describe here an 18F-labeled derivative of a phosphatidylserine-binding protein, the C2A domain of Synaptotagmin-I (C2Am), for imaging tumor cell death in vivo using PET. Methods: A one-pot, two-step automated synthesis of N-(5-[18F]fluoropentyl)maleimide (60 min synthesis time, > 98% radiochemical purity) has been developed, which was used to label the single cysteine residue in C2Am within 30 min at room temperature. Binding of 18F-C2Am to apoptotic and necrotic tumor cells was assessed in vitro, and also in vivo, by dynamic PET and biodistribution measurements in mice bearing human tumor xenografts treated with a TRAILR2 agonist or with conventional chemotherapy. C2Am detection of tumor cell death was validated by correlation of probe binding with histological markers of cell death in tumor sections obtained immediately after imaging. Results: 18F-C2Am showed a favorable biodistribution profile, with predominantly renal clearance and minimal retention in spleen, liver, small intestine, bone and kidney, at 2 h following probe administration. 18F-C2Am generated tumor-to-muscle (T/m) ratios of 6.1 ± 2.1 and 10.7 ± 2.4 within 2 h of probe administration in colorectal and breast tumor models, respectively, following treatment with the TRAILR2 agonist. The levels of cell death (CC3 positivity) following treatment were 12.9–58.8% and 11.3–79.7% in the breast and colorectal xenografts, respectively. Overall, a 20% increase in CC3 positivity generated a one unit increase in the post/pre-treatment tumor contrast. Significant correlations were found between tracer uptake post-treatment, at 2 h post-probe administration, and histological markers of cell death (CC3: Pearson R = 0.733, P = 0.0005; TUNEL: Pearson R = 0.532, P = 0.023). Conclusion: The rapid clearance of 18F-C2Am from the blood pool and low kidney retention allowed the spatial distribution of cell death in a tumor to be imaged during the course of therapy, providing a rapid assessment of tumor treatment response. 18F-C2Am has the potential to be used in the clinic to assess early treatment response in tumors.

Additional file 1. Supporting methods and data.

The extent of surgical resection is significantly correlated with outcome in glioma; however, current intraoperative navigational tools are useful only in a subset of patients. We show here that a new optical intraoperative technique, Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) following intravenous injection of O‑(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET), can be used to accurately delineate glioma margins, performing better than the current standard of fluorescence imaging with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). Methods: Rats implanted orthotopically with U87, F98 and C6 glioblastoma cells were injected with FET and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). Positive and negative tumor regions on histopathology were compared with CL and fluorescence images. The capability of FET CLI and 5-ALA fluorescence imaging to detect tumor was assessed using receptor operator characteristic curves and optimal thresholds (CLIOptROC and 5-ALAOptROC) separating tumor from healthy brain tissue were determined. These thresholds were used to guide prospective tumor resections, where the presence of tumor cells in the resected material and in the remaining brain were assessed by Ki-67 staining. Results: FET CLI signal was correlated with signal in preoperative PET images (y = 1.06x - 0.01; p < 0.0001) and with expression of the amino acid transporter SLC7A5 (LAT1). FET CLI (AUC = 97%) discriminated between glioblastoma and normal brain in human and rat orthografts more accurately than 5-ALA fluorescence (AUC = 91%), with a sensitivity >92% and specificity >91%, and resulted in a more complete tumor resection. Conclusion: FET CLI can be used to accurately delineate glioblastoma tumor margins, performing better than the current standard of fluorescence imaging following 5-ALA administration, and is therefore a promising technique for clinical translation.

Supplementary material. (PDF 647 kb)