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Background: Analysis and discussion of the studies of authors from different countries and their experimental data on the level and dynamics of development, gender differences, and trainability of different coordination abilities (CAs) in students aged from 18 to 24 years. Methods: The study involved freestyle wrestlers aged 10-13, 14-16, and 17-20 years (n = 127); male (n = 20) and female (n = 10) kickboxers, and male (n = 15) and female (n = 13) taekwondo fighters aged 18 to 27 years; Taekwondo students (n = 24); female (n = 95) and male (n = 65) first-year students of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Krakow aged 20.1 to 23.5 years. Results: It was found that compared to the somatic indicators and the level of development of abilities related to strength and conditioning (strength, speed, endurance), in which men aged 18-24 years showed significantly higher performance than women (by 10-20% or more), gender differences in the development of CAs are not manifested so obviously and unambiguously. Actually, the development of CAs at the age over 1819 years without special targeted training and regular training sessions using coordination exercises stops in different sports; when using approximately the same targeted coordination training, approximately the same training potential of male and female students for the improvement of different CAs is observed. Conclusions: The level and rates of improvement of all CAs with age largely depend on the individual characteristics of the students, including their response to the same training load. With age, with an increase in the length of time spent in sports and an increase in performance, a decrease in sex differences in the level of most CAs is observed, which, most likely, can be explained by the similarity of neurophysiological and psychophysiological substrates and mechanisms underlying the optimal control and regulation of complex motor activities.

To date, there were limited studies available on myocardial infarction (MI), and consequently, the outcomes of patients with type 1 myocardial infarction (T1MI) compared to type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI) remained inconclusive. We aimed to compare the outcomes of T1MI and T2MI patients in terms of mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We performed a systematic literature search on PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for relevant articles from inception until March 20, 2022. 341,049 patients had T1MI, while the remaining 67,537 patients had T2MI. Mean age was similar between both groups (T1MI: 67.3 years, T2MI: 71.03 years), while the proportion of females was lower in T1MI (37.81% vs 47.15%). Our analysis revealed that patients with T1MI had significantly lower odds of all-cause mortality (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.36–0.56, p

Two carboxylic decorated o-vanillin Schiff base ligands, which only differ in the positions of Cl-substituents, have realized the construction of an asymmetric {Dy4} metallogrid and a double-layered {Dy8} cage SMMs, respectively.

Genetic profiling of patients with prostate cancer could potentially identify mutations prone to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Here, we aimed to identify the differences in genetic profiles of patients with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) and CRPC and stratify HSPC patients to identify mutations associated with CRPC progression.A total of 103 samples were collected, including 62 DNA samples from the tumor tissues of 59 HSPC patients and 41 cell-free DNA (cfDNA) samples from prostate cancer patients at different cancer stages. Targeted sequence was conducted on both the tissue DNA and cfDNA. The associations between mutations and clinical outcomes (CRPC-free time) were analyzed using χBy comparing to that of cfDNA sequencing, the results from DNA sequencing of 1-needle (80%) and mixed 12-needle (77.8%) biopsies are highly comparable. FOXA1 (30.5%), CDK12 (23.7%), and TP53 (22.0%) were the top 3 most frequently mutated genes in HSPC patients; 50.8% (30/59) and 44.1% (26/59) HSPC patients had mutations in DDR and HRR pathway, respectively. Mutations in AR and APC as well as the members involved in the regulation of stem cell pluripotency and EMT pathway were often observed in CRPC samples. We established a panel of four genetic mutations (MSH2, CDK12, TP53, and RB1) to predict the risk of CRPC early progression with concordance index = 0.609 and the area under curve of the ROC curve as 0.838.In this study, we demonstrated that the cfDNA can be used in genetic profiling in prostate cancer and our newly established panel is capable of predicting which mHSPC patient has a high risk of early CRPC progression.

Background Restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) limits therapeutic revascularization. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), co-stored and co-released with the sympathetic nervous system, is involved in this process, but its exact role and underlying mechanisms remain to be fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of NPY in neointima formation after vascular injury. Methods Using the left carotid arteries of wild-type (WT, NPY-intact) and NPY-deficient (NPY−/−) mice, ferric chloride-mediated carotid artery injury induced neointima formation. Three weeks after injury, the left injured carotid artery and contralateral uninjured carotid artery were collected for histological analysis and immunohistochemical staining. RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of several key inflammatory markers and cell adhesion molecules in vascular samples. Raw264.7 cells were treated with NPY, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and lipopolysaccharide-free, respectively, and RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of these inflammatory mediators. Results Compared with WT mice, NPY−/− mice had significantly reduced neointimal formation three weeks after injury. Mechanistically, immunohistochemical analysis showed there were fewer macrophages and more vascular smooth muscle cells in the neointima of NPY−/− mice. Moreover, the mRNA expression of key inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was significantly lower in the injured carotid arteries of NPY−/− mice, compared to that in the injured carotid arteries of WT mice. In RAW264.7 macrophages, NPY significantly promoted TGF-β1 mRNA expression under unactivated but not LPS-stimulated condition. Conclusions Deletion of NPY attenuated neointima formation after artery injury, at least partly, through reducing the local inflammatory response, suggesting that NPY pathway may provide new insights into the mechanism of restenosis.

To set the sleeping mode for the Yutu-2 rover, a visual pose prediction algorithm including terrain reconstruction and pose estimation was first studied. The terrain reconstruction precision is affected by using only the stereo navigation camera (Navcam) images and the rotation angles of the mast. However, the hazard camera (Hazcam) pose is fixed, and an image network was constructed by linking all of the Navcam and Hazcam stereoimages. Then, the Navcam pose was refined based on a multiview block bundle adjustment. The experimental results show that the mean absolute errors of the check points in the proposed algorithm were 10.4 mm over the range of $\boldsymbol{L}$ from 2.0 to 6.1 m, and the proposed algorithm achieved good prediction results for the rover pose (the average differences of the values of the pitch angle and the roll angle were −0.19 degrees and 0.29 degrees, respectively). Under the support of the proposed algorithm, engineers have completed the remote setting of the sleeping mode for Yutu-2 successfully in the Chang’e-4 mission operations.

Background Primary bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (PBMAH) is a highly heterogeneous disease with divergent manifestations ranging from asymptomatic subclinical Cushing syndrome (CS) to overt Cushing syndrome with severe complications. ARMC5 mutations occur in 20 to 55% PBMAH patients usually with more severe phenotypes. Different ARMC5 mutations might be associated with diverse phenotypes of PBMAH. Case presentation A 39-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with progressive weight gain and severe hypertension. He presented typical CS and its classical metabolic and bone complications like hypertension and osteoporosis. The laboratory results showed high levels of cortisol and low levels of ACTH. Low- and high-dosed dexamethasone suppression tests were negative. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed multiple bilateral irregular macronodular adrenal masses. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) confirmed that the right adrenal gland with larger nodules secreted more hormone that the left side did. Right adrenalectomy and subsequent contralateral subtotal resection were conducted. His blood pressure and CS symptoms as well as comorbidities including backache and muscle weakness improved. Whole exome sequencing identified one ARMC5 germline mutation (c.1855C > T, p. R619*), five ARMC5 somatic mutations (four novel mutations) in his right and left adrenal nodules. Conclusions This PBMAH patient was identified with one ARMC5 germline mutation and five different somatic ARMC5 mutations (four novel mutations) in the different nodules of the bilateral adrenal masses. AVS combined with CT imagine could be helpful to determine the dominant side for adrenalectomy. Genetic testing is important for the diagnosis and management of the patient with PBMAH.

Introduction21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) is the most common cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). However, patients with 21OHD manifest various phenotypes due to a wide-spectrum residual enzyme activity of different CYP21A2 mutations.MethodsA total of 15 individuals from three unrelated families were included in this study. Target Capture-Based Deep Sequencing and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism was conducted on peripheral blood DNA of the three probands to identify potential mutations/deletions in CYP21A2; Sanger sequencing was conducted with the DNA from the family members of the probands.ResultsDramatically different phenotypes were seen in the three probands of CAH with different compound heterozygous mutations in CYP21A2. Proband 1 manifested simple virilizing with mutations of 30-kb deletion/c.[188A>T;518T>A], the latter is a novel double mutants classified as SV associated mutation. Although both probands carry the same compound mutations [293-13C>G]:[518T>A], gonadal dysfunction and giant bilateral adrenal myelolipoma were diagnosed for proband 2 and proband 3, respectively.ConclusionBoth gender and mutations contribute to the phenotypes, and patients with the same compound mutations and gender could present with different phenotypes. Genetic analysis could help the etiologic diagnosis, especially for atypical 21OHD patients.

In order to better analyze the characteristics of particle distribution and its influencing factors in the ionized space during the process of coaxial dielectric barrier discharge, the self-designed two-dimensional axisymmetric structure exciter was used to carry out optical diagnosis, with the electron temperature calculated through Gaussian fitting. Also, the plasma model was applied to conduct research on the discharge process through numerical simulation, with the electron density and electron temperature changes analyzed by using different discharge parameters. The research results show that with the increase of discharge voltage, pressure inside reactor and relative permittivity, the discharge process is promoted. In addition, the rise of current density leads to an increase in the number of charged particles on the surface of the medium during the discharge process, while the rise of discharge intensity causes an increase of the electron density. Electron temperature decreases due to the increased loss of collision energy between particles. These results are confirmed by the comparison of experimental data with simulation results.

IntroductionNondestructive detection of crop phenotypic traits in the field is very important for crop breeding. Ground-based mobile platforms equipped with sensors can efficiently and accurately obtain crop phenotypic traits. In this study, we propose a dynamic 3D data acquisition method in the field suitable for various crops by using a consumer-grade RGB-D camera installed on a ground-based movable platform, which can collect RGB images as well as depth images of crop canopy sequences dynamically.MethodsA scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) operator was used to detect adjacent date frames acquired by the RGB-D camera to calculate the point cloud alignment coarse matching matrix and the displacement distance of adjacent images. The data frames used for point cloud matching were selected according to the calculated displacement distance. Then, the colored ICP (iterative closest point) algorithm was used to determine the fine matching matrix and generate point clouds of the crop row. The clustering method was applied to segment the point cloud of each plant from the crop row point cloud, and 3D phenotypic traits, including plant height, leaf area and projected area of individual plants, were measured.Results and DiscussionWe compared the effects of LIDAR and image-based 3D reconstruction methods, and experiments were carried out on corn, tobacco, cottons and Bletilla striata in the seedling stage. The results show that the measurements of the plant height (R²= 0.9~0.96, RSME = 0.015~0.023 m), leaf area (R²= 0.8~0.86, RSME = 0.0011~0.0041 m2 ) and projected area (R² = 0.96~0.99) have strong correlations with the manual measurement results. Additionally, 3D reconstruction results with different moving speeds and times throughout the day and in different scenes were also verified. The results show that the method can be applied to dynamic detection with a moving speed up to 0.6 m/s and can achieve acceptable detection results in the daytime, as well as at night. Thus, the proposed method can improve the efficiency of individual crop 3D point cloud data extraction with acceptable accuracy, which is a feasible solution for crop seedling 3D phenotyping outdoors.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-imj-10.1177_10815589221140589 for Comparison of outcome among type 2 vs type 1 myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Vikash Jaiswal, Song Peng Ang, Angela Ishak, Yusra Minahil Nasir, Jia Ee Chia, Sidra Naz and Akash Jaiswal in Journal of Investigative Medicine

Additional file: The images of original blots.

Additional file 1. Additional figures and tables.

In this paper, an implicit unified gas-kinetic wave-particle method is developed without the time step constraint. Under the acceptable temporal resolution, the Courant number can be set as large as possible. Non-equilibrium transport flow physics can be accurately captured without imposing any artificial closure form of the distribution function. The evolution process of the scheme is controlled by two temporal parameters, namely the physical time step resolution and the numerical time step resolution. Based on the physical time step resolution, the governing equations in a discretized form will be constructed, where the evolution of the genuinely non-equilibrium flow physics will not depend on the variation of the numerical marching time step. The wave-particle decomposition and their evolution follow an entropy-satisfying process. Besides the invariance of the physical solution on the numerical time step, the implicit unified gas-kinetic wave-particle method has also asymptotic-preserving property and regime-adaptive complexity in the representation of the physical solution. Multidimensional 2D and 3D algorithms are developed and used in the engineering applications of inertial confinement fusion. Other multiscale tests are also included to validate the numerical method for the capturing of multi-scale non-equilibrium transport.

This paper proposes a unified gas-kinetic particle (UGKP) method for the frequency-dependent photon transport process. The photon transport is a typical multiscale process governed by the nonlinear radiative transfer equations (RTE). The flow regime of photon transport varies from the ballistic regime to the diffusive regime with respect to optical depth and photon frequency. The UGKP method is an asymptotic preserving (AP) scheme and a regime adaptive scheme. The teleportation error is significantly reduced, and the computational efficiency is remarkably improved in the diffusive regime. Distinguished from the standard multigroup treatment, the proposed UGKP method solves the frequency space in a non-discretized way. Therefore the Rosseland diffusion system can be precisely preserved in the optically thick regime. Taking advantage of the local integral solution of RTE, the distribution of the emitted photon can be constructed from its macroscopic moments. The Monte Carlo particles in the UGKP method need only be tracked before their first collision events, and a re-sampling process is performed to close the photon distribution for each time step. The large computational cost of excessive scattering events can be saved, especially in the optically thick regime. The proposed UGKP method is implicit and removes the light speed constraint on the time step. The particle tracking approach combining the implicit formulation makes the proposed UGKP method an efficient solution algorithm for frequency-dependent radiative transfer problems. We demonstrate with numerical examples the capability of the proposed multi-frequency UGKP method.

The opacity of FRTE depends on not only the material temperature but also the frequency, whose values may vary several orders of magnitude for different frequencies. The gray radiation diffusion and frequency-dependent diffusion equations are two simplified models that can approximate the solution to FRTE in the thick opacity regime. The frequency discretization for the two limit models highly affects the numerical accuracy. However, classical frequency discretization for FRTE considers only the absorbing coefficient. In this paper, we propose a new decomposed multi-group method for frequency discretization that is not only AP in both gray radiation diffusion and frequency-dependent diffusion limits, but also the frequency discretization of the limiting models can be tuned. Based on the decomposed multi-group method, a full AP scheme in frequency, time, and space is proposed. Several numerical examples are used to verify the performance of the proposed scheme., Comment: 36 pages, 14 figures

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-imj-10.1177_10815589231164777 for Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atrial fibrillation and other clinical outcomes: a meta-analysis by Vikash Jaiswal, Song Peng Ang, Helen Huang, Navroop Kaur Momi, Maha Hameed, Sidra Naz, Nitya Batra, Angela Ishak, Neel Doshi, Asmita Gera, Medha Sharath, Madeeha Subhan Waleed, Nishchita Raj and Victor Hugo Aguilera Alvarez in Journal of Investigative Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-imj-10.1177_10815589231164777 for Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atrial fibrillation and other clinical outcomes: a meta-analysis by Vikash Jaiswal, Song Peng Ang, Helen Huang, Navroop Kaur Momi, Maha Hameed, Sidra Naz, Nitya Batra, Angela Ishak, Neel Doshi, Asmita Gera, Medha Sharath, Madeeha Subhan Waleed, Nishchita Raj and Victor Hugo Aguilera Alvarez in Journal of Investigative Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-imj-10.1177_10815589221140589 for Comparison of outcome among type 2 vs type 1 myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Vikash Jaiswal, Song Peng Ang, Angela Ishak, Yusra Minahil Nasir, Jia Ee Chia, Sidra Naz and Akash Jaiswal in Journal of Investigative Medicine

This paper presents an inductive linear displacement sensor with complementary resonant coupling units. The sensor is mainly composed of a stator and two identical movers. The two movers are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the stator, forming a complementary coupling with the stator. The stator contains excitation coils and pickup coils, which generate magnetic field and output induction signals respectively; The movers also contain pickup coils, which are in series with resonance capacitors to generate a secondary magnetic field that reacts on the stator after receiving the excitation magnetic field, rather than outputs induction signals. The structure of this sensor makes the pickup coils on the stator directly receive the magnetic field on the movers in a complementary way, and avoids using leading wires on the movers, which is helpful to improve measurement accuracy and ensure the environmental adaptability of the sensor. The comparison experiments of the sensor prototypes show that the newly designed sensor is insensitive to the change of the gaps between the movers and stator. By improving the sensor prototype, the short-period measurement error is $9 ~\mu \text{m}$ , and the long-period measurement error is not more than $14 ~\mu \text{m}$ within 300mm.