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Additional file 4 Mixed linear regression models with all coefficients. Mixed linear regression models for the dimensions positive affect, negative affect, restless tense behaviour, social relations and social isolation as dependent variables; the severity of agitation and the matching variables as fixed factors; and the care units nested in nursing homes as random factor with all measured coefficients.

Additional file 1 Distribution of propensity scores. Representation of the distribution of propensity scores divided into 1) groups of participants with severe agitation and with mild or no agitation and 2) groups of matched and unmatched participants.

Additional file 3 Density of propensity scores after matching. Comparison of participants with severe agitation with those with mild or no agitation after matching.

Additional file 5 Mixed linear regression models with the single NPI-Q items defining the construct of agitation. Mixed linear regression models for the dimensions positive affect, negative affect, restless tense behaviour, social relations and social isolation as dependent variables; the severity of each NPI-Q item defining the construct of agitation and the matching variables as fixed factors; and the care units nested in nursing homes as random factor with all measured coefficients.