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Energy storage is a new, flexibly adjusting resource with prospects for broad application in power systems with high proportions of renewable energy integration. However, energy storage systems have spare capacity under stable working conditions and may be idle for some periods. These actions are primarily selected for peak shaving and valley filling, frequency regulation, and voltage regulation as the only control target; thus, energy storage cannot be used effectively, which weakens the effect of energy storage on grid support. To improve the utilization rate and economic benefits of the energy storage system and enhance the support performance of energy storage for the safe operation of the power grid, this article proposes a switching control strategy for an energy storage system based on multi-layer logic judgment to maximize energy storage benefits and ensure safe and stable power grid operation. First, this study analyzed the potential multi-ancillary service operation requirements of the energy storage system, combined with the auxiliary compensation benefits of the energy storage power station. Using this information, the study proposed a comprehensive index that considers the economy of the energy storage system and the stable operation of the power grid to support the evaluation needs of energy storage control. Based on this, the study then pre-set multi-layer judgment logic for the operation control of the energy storage system. A multi-objective judgment and smooth switching strategy for the coordinated operation of the energy storage system was proposed based on the typical operating conditions of the energy storage system participating in the grid peak shaving and valley filling, frequency regulation, and voltage regulation. This switching control method effectively utilized the idle capacity of the energy storage system and improved the energy storage system’s support effect on the power grid. Through the improved energy storage control model based on MATLAB/Simulink, this study also verified the effectiveness of the proposed smooth switching strategy of the energy storage system.

This article addresses the almost surely exponential (ASE) stabilization problem of continuous-time jump systems realized by a stochastic scheduled controller. In this study, a stochastic scheduled controller based on the anytime algorithm is proposed. It is able to cope with the situation where no controller is added to subsystems during some time slices. Sufficient conditions for the existence of such a controller are established by applying novel techniques to its stochastic transfer matrix, and they are all presented with solvable forms. Particularly, both dwell times of the jump signal and distribution properties of stochastic scheduling are considered and proved to have played positive roles in obtaining better performance and applications. Two special situations about no jump systems with constant and varied dwell times are further studied, respectively. A practical example is offered so as to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the methods proposed in this study.

INTRODUCTION: The traditional way to treat maxillary edentulous Cawood and Howell Class 4 (CH4) patients who exhibit the knife-edge ridge form of edentulous jaws that are adequate in height and inadequate in width is extensive autologous bone grafting for conventional implant placement. PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of the zygomatic implant (ZI) quad approach in edentulous CH4 patients who presented a knife-edge ridge form in the anterior maxilla for immediate loading. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eligible patients with maxillary CH4 edentulism treated with the ZI quad approach were enrolled. Bone reduction and implant placement were performed under the guidance of a navigation system according to preoperative planning. The outcome variable was the implant survival rate, and additional variables were the ratio of immediate loading, complications and the relationship of the zygomatic implant path to the sinus wall. Statistical analysis was performed with the SAS statistical package. RESULTS: Fifteen patients (3 men, 12 women; age range, 19-71 years; average age 47.2 years) eligible for the study received the ZI quad approach from January 2017 through January 2020. All ZIs achieved osseointegration, with no implant loss after early healing and a mean follow-up of 17.2 ± 6.2 months. Thirteen of 15 patients (86.7%) received immediate loading. No critical anatomic structure injuries occurred during surgery. Most mesially placed implants (23/30, 76.6%) presented ZAGA 2 and 3, and most distally placed implants were distributed in ZAGA 0 (20/30, 66.7%). DISCUSSION: In terms of realizing immediate loading in CH4 patients with a knife-edge ridge form in the anterior maxilla, quad approaches have advantages over other grafting methods. At the same time, it seems the survival rate of zygomatic implants is comparable with that of other indications. With the limitations of this study, the quad approach might be a feasible option to realize edentulous maxillary reconstruction and to make immediate loading possible.

Water rights meta type is defined as the basic constitution element of water rights system, five water rights meta types are identified firstly based on the justice principles of water rights empowerment. Then it’s analyzed the hierarchical structure of water rights systems. The complex water rights systems in reality can be divided three levels - water rights meta type, unit water rights system and mixd water rights system. The water rights meta types are the most basic elements of water rights systems. And the unit water rights systems which are composed of water rights meta types are the smallest units that exist independently and are relatively stable and maintain the characteristics of the water rights system. While the mixed water rights systems are the mixed mosaic of different unit systems. Through collecting the data of influencing factors in research units, the threshold of influencing factors for each unit water rights system have been estimated. Meanwhile, it’s determined the applicable conditions of unit water rights systems quantitatively.

Purpose: Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6is) can significantly extend tumor response in patients with metastatic estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) breast cancer, but intrinsic and acquired resistance is common. Elucidation of the molecular features of CDK4/6i sensitivity and the efficiency of their combination with novel targeted cell death inducers may pave the way toward improving patient outcomes. Experimental Design: Ferroptosis-related characteristics were observed following treatment with the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. Transcriptomic analyses and functional assays were performed to determine the targets and regulatory mechanism of palbociclib in the ferroptosis pathway in ER+ breast cancer cell lines. A tumor xenograft model was used to study the synergistic antitumor effects of CDK4/6is in combination with ferroptosis inducers. Results: Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation, is partly responsible for the efficacy of the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. Mechanistically, palbociclib downregulates cystine transporter SLC7A11 by inhibiting SP1 binding to the promoter region of SLC7A11. Furthermore, genetic or pharmacological inhibitors of SP1 or SLC7A11 can enhance cell sensitivity to palbociclib and synergistically inhibit ER+ breast cancer cell growth in combination with palbociclib. A syngeneic ER+ mouse mammary tumor model was used to verify that combined inhibition of SLC7A11 or SP1 and CDK4/6 resulted in marked suppression of tumor growth in vivo. Conclusions: Experimentally, ferroptosis represents some of the CDK4/6i-induced cell death response. This study illustrates the potential for targeting SLC7A11 in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors and supports the investigation of combination therapy in ER+ breast cancer.

To clarify the effects of co-application of rice-straw biochar and different chemical fertilizer doses on paddy soil properties and japonica rice production in Northeast China, a located-field experiment was adopted for 5 years. The treatments included fertilization (F, no biochar, control) and rice-straw biochar (7.5 t ha−1) combined with different chemical fertilizer doses (100, 80, and 60% that of F) set as CF, CF1, and CF2, respectively. The results showed that the co-application of biochar and chemical fertilizers after 5 years reduced soil bulk density, increased soil total and capillary porosity, changed the soil solid–liquid–gas ratio (increased the liquid and air ratios and decreased the solid ratio), and increased soil macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) and aggregate stability, which enhanced the soil’s physical properties. Furthermore, the co-application improved soil pH and soil enzyme activity (urease, sucrase, and catalase) and had a significant effect on promoting SOM. The soil total N, P, and K of CF and CF1, were 23.48, %, 47.28%, and 26.59% and 9.47%, 43.98%, and 27.87% higher than those of the control, respectively. The soil available nutrients (N, P, and K) increased in the co-application treatment, shown as the nitrogen was promoted higher in the early growth of rice, while phosphorus and potassium were exhibited greater in the late growth. With the soil amendment, the co-application increased the rice plant height and dry matter accumulation, and the CF and CF1 increased yields by 5.78 and 2.41%, respectively, by increasing the rice effective panicles, grains per panicle, and seed-setting rate. The co-application of biochar and chemical fertilizers could significantly amend soil properties and reduce chemical fertilizer use to ensure rice–grain output, which has an important significance for enhancing sustainable soil and crop productivity.

Additional file 1: Table S1. The sequences of primers, siRNA and mimics or inhibitor used in this study.

To address the major challenges to obtain high spatial resolution in snapshot hyperspectral imaging, 3D printed glass lightguide array has been developed to sample the intermediate image in high spatial resolution and redistribute the pixels in the output end to achieve high spectral resolution. Curved 3D printed lightguide array can significantly simplify the snapshot hyperspectral imaging system, achieve better imaging performance, and reduce the system complexity and cost. We have developed two-photon polymerization process to print glass lightguide array, and demonstrated the system performance with biological samples. This new snapshot technology will catalyze new hyperspectral imaging system development and open doors for new applications from UV to IR.

Elevated expression of Copine 1 (CPNE1) has been observed in multiple cancers; however, the underlying mechanisms by which it affects cancer cells are unclear. We aimed to study the effect of CPNE1 on the tumorigenesis and radioresistance of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of CPNE1 in TNBC tissues and cell lines. Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were used to investigate the levels of CPNE1, p‐AKT, AKT, cleaved caspase‐3, cleaved PARP1, and γ‐H2AX. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by CCK‐8 and flow cytometry, respectively. CPNE1 was overexpressed in TNBC tissues and cell lines and was associated with tumor size, distant metastases, and survival rates of patients with TNBC. Moreover, function study shows that CPNE1 promoted cell viability and inhibited cell apoptosis in vitro and inhibited the radiosensitivity of TNBC. Importantly, inactivation of AKT signaling inhibited the tumorigenesis and radioresistance mediated by CPNE1 in TNBC cells. In vivo xenograft study also shows that CPNE1 knockdown inhibited tumor growth and promoted cell apoptosis. Overall, our findings suggest that CPNE1 promotes tumorigenesis and radioresistance in TNBC by regulating AKT activation and targeted CPNE1 expression may be a strategy to sensitize TNBC cells toward radiation therapy.

Zygomatic implants (ZIs) are an ideal way to address cases of a severely atrophic edentulous maxilla and maxilla defects because they replace extensive bone augmentation and shorten the treatment cycle. However, there are risks associated with the placement of ZIs, such as penetration of the orbital cavity or infra-temporal fossa. Furthermore, the placement of multiple ZIs makes this surgery risky and more difficult to perform. Potential intraoperative complications are extremely dangerous and may cause irreparable losses. Here, we describe a practical, feasible, and reproducible protocol for a real-time surgical navigation system for precisely placing quad-zygomatic implants in the severely atrophic maxilla of patients with residual bone that does not meet the requirements of conventional implants. Hundreds of patients have received ZIs at our department based on this protocol. The clinical outcomes have been satisfactory, the intraoperative and postoperative complications have been low, and the accuracy indicated by infusion of the designed image and postoperative three-dimensional image has been high. This method should be utilized during the entire surgical procedure to ensure ZI placement safety.

The structure, microstructure, piezoelectric properties, ferroelectric properties and Curie temperature of (1- x )BiFeO 3 - x BaTiO 3 -Bi(Zn 0.5 Ti 0.5 )O 3 +MnO 2 +Li 2 CO 3 ceramics were investigated experimentally by improved solid-state reaction approach. The crystalline structures were examined by X-ray diffractometry. When x = 0.3, the rhombohedral and pseudocubic phases coexist in the ceramic structure. It is considered that the morphotropic phase boundary was formed here. At the same time, the piezoelectric performance d 33 , Curie temperature T C , and depolarization temperature are as high as 184 pC/N, 550°C, 530°C at x = 0.3, respectively. It is worth noting that when x = 0.24, the ceramics have a high T C = 580°C and low dielectric loss tan δ = 1.9%. These results show that the BFBT-BZT system ceramics are applicable ceramics with high piezoelectric properties in high temperature fields.

The first total synthesis of wikstrol A and wikstrol B was achieved via Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, Sonogashira and rhodium-catalyzed oxidative coupling as key steps. , The first total synthesis of wikstrol A and wikstrol B was achieved by employing aldol reaction, Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, regioselective iodination, Sonogashira coupling, and rhodium-catalyzed oxidative coupling as key steps. The structure of the key intermediate for wikstrol A was confirmed via its derivative by single-crystal X-ray analysis.

Monolayered tungsten dichalcogenide quantum dots (WS2 QDs) have various potential applications due to their large spin–valley coupling and excellent photoluminescence (PL) properties. What is expected is that with the decrease in lateral size of QDs, the stronger quantum confinement effect will dramatically strengthen the spin–valley coupling and widen the band gap. However, ultrasmall monolayered WS2 QDs prepared by ion intercalation unavoidably undergo the problem of structural defects, which will create defect levels and significantly change their properties. In this study, we report that by annealing defective monolayered WS2 QDs in sulfur vapor, pristine monolayered WS2 QDs with an ultrasmall lateral size of ca. 1.8–3.8 nm can be obtained. The results show that the ultrasmall monolayered WS2 QDs exhibit a giant spin–valley coupling of ca. 821 meV. Moreover, the pristine ultrasmall monolayered WS2 QDs show purple PL centered at 416 nm, and the defect PL peaks in defective WS2 QDs can be effectively removed by annealing. All of these results afford the ultrasmall monolayered QDs various applications such as in optoelectronics, spintronics, valleytronics, and so on.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Adjusted means (± standard error) of baPWV change rate (cm/s/year) by egg consumption group in Chinese adults, after further adjusted for DBP, MAP and PP.

BACKGROUND Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and conventional multislice CT (MSCT) are both used in zygomatic implant navigation surgery but the superiority of one technique versus the other remains unclear. PURPOSE This study compared the accuracy of CBCT and MSCT in zygomatic implant navigation surgery by calculating the deviations of implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with severely atrophic maxillae were classified into two groups according to the use of CBCT- or MSCT-guided navigation system. The entry and apical distance deviation, and the angle deviation of zygomatic implants were measured on fused operation images. A linear effect model was used for analysis, with statistical significance set at P < .05. RESULTS A total of 72 zygomatic implants were inserted as planned in 23 patients. The comparison of deviations in CBCT and MSCT groups showed a mean (± SD) entry deviation of 1.69 ± 0.59 mm vs 2.04 ± 0.78 mm (P = .146), apical deviation of 2 ± 0.68 mm vs 2.55 ± 0.85 (P < .001), and angle deviation of 2.32 ± 1.02° vs 3.23 ± 1.21° (P = .038). CONCLUSION Real-time zygomatic implant navigation surgery with CBCT may result in higher values for accuracy than MSCT.

The randomness and uncertainty of distributed generators and multiple loads have brought severe challenges to the power supply reliability of the distribution network, so it is necessary to effectively identify the weak links which restrict the power transmission capacity. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a weak link identification method for the active distribution network (ADN) based on the probabilistic load flow (PLF). Firstly, considering the characteristics of distributed generators’ output and the load variation, a probabilistic load flow algorithm based on point estimation is proposed. Then, considering the constraints such as bus voltage, line capacity and transformer capacity, the weak links of distribution network are identified on the basis of PLF calculation, and the weak degree of power supply in each link is determined by the repeated power flow. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by the IEEE 33- bus distribution system. The simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper can not only quickly and effectively identify the weak links of active distribution network, but also provide a series of power supply bottlenecks, which can further assist dispatchers to take corresponding measures to improve the power supply capacity of ADN.

This paper introduces a novel tumbleweed rover design that employs a pipe-type energy harvester system to harvest electrical power from the wind indirectly. The critical parameters law of electromagnetic induction is studied firstly and then propose a preliminary model of the layout of harvesters. Simulates the motion of the harvester inside a spherical shell to achieve the performance of voltage generation and summarize the varying rules of induced voltage. Given the effect of centrifugal force, we further propose spring as a solution to support magnet to recover reciprocating motion in harvester. Finally, the experiments are implemented based on the simulated model to verify the dependability of the energy harvester and the validity of induced voltages’ varying rules.

A novel class of pH-responsive hollow poly(L-glutamic acid)/chitosan (PLGA/CS) nanogels was fabricated by a templating approach, which was mild and surfactant free, and combined with a “grafting from” method and intermacromolecular crosslinking technique. The surface grafting, crosslinking reaction, nanogel fabrication and microstructure were investigated by FTIR, 1H NMR, XRD, TGA, light scattering, and electron microscopy. The size of the resultant PLGA/CS nanogels could be accurately controlled by simply changing the size of the silica template. The nanogels responded to changes in environmental pH, elucidated according to the variation of the size of the nanogels and zeta potential at different pH values. Taking water-soluble antineoplastic agent mitoxantrone (MTX) as a model drug, the nanogels presented high loading ability at high-pH environment and rapid MTX release behavior under acidic conditions. MTT assays used to study the in vitro cytotoxicity of PLGA/CS nanogels showed a negligible cytotoxicity in mouse fibroblast L929 cells. Compared with bare MTX, MTX loaded PLGA/CS nanogels exhibited an enhanced inhibition effect to human gastric carcinoma SGC7901 cells. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis results demonstrated efficient cellular uptake of the PLGA/CS nanogels into the cells. These studies suggest that such pH-responsive PLGA/CS hollow nanogels might have great potential in controlled drug delivery systems.

In situ generated iron‐based Knölker complexes were found to be efficient catalysts in a fully non‐noble metal Cu–Fe photocatalytic water reduction system. These mononuclear iron catalysts were able to generate hydrogen up to 15 times faster than previously reported [Fe3(CO)12]. A reductive quenching mechanism was shown to operate by fluorescence experiments.

As we known, SVM is fit for the application of fault diagnosis. In our paper, we discussed the optimization methods for SVM. Including GA, Grid Search, and K-fold Cross Validation. For optimizing SVM, it is necessary to find out the best kernel function, to pick out the best kernel parameters and penalty factor parameters. Here, the standard datasets of UCI is used to illustrate the optimization effect by GA and Grid Search. The experiment environment is Matlab 2014a, the library of libsvm is adopted. The results can be seen that the Grid Search method has better performance than genetic algorithm in this circumstance.

Searching for two-dimensional (2D) organic Dirac materials, which have more adaptable practical applications in comparing with inorganic ones, is of great significance and has been ongoing. However, only two kinds of these materials with low Fermi velocity have been discovered so far. Herein, we report the design of an organic monolayer with C$_4$N$_3$H stoichiometry which possesses fascinating structure and good stability in its free-standing state. More importantly, we demonstrate that this monolayer is a semimetal with anisotropic Dirac cones and very high Fermi velocity. This Fermi velocity is roughly one order of magnitude larger than that in 2D organic Dirac materials ever reported, and is comparable to that in graphene. The Dirac states in this monolayer arise from the extended $\pi$-electron conjugation system formed by the overlapping 2\emph{p}$_z$ orbitals of carbon and nitrogen atoms. Our finding opens a door for searching more 2D organic Dirac materials with high Fermi velocity., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures

As the urban power grids gradually enter the high reliability level, the distribution network risk early warning becomes the key to further improve the reliability level. Distribution network faults have the characteristics of strong randomness and weak causality, and conventional methods are difficult to find their laws. The idea of data mining is introduced in this paper. Based on the analysis of various types of fault data, the improved Apriori algorithm is used to mine the strong correlation rules of various influencing factors in the distribution network, and the fault-environment pattern recognition library of distribution network is established to lay the foundation for the early warning of distribution network operation risk.

Sediments play an important role in carbon cycle as the important sources and sinks of carbon.The role of sediments in the carbon cycle is closely related to the forms and distribution of inorganic carbon in the sediments.The forms of inorganic carbon have different capacity in the carbon cycle and recycle.Forms and changes of inorganic carbon in the sediments were essential for the fluxes and processes of carbon across the water-sediment interface.The study of inorganic carbon forms is the basis and premise for discussing their contribution to carbon cycling.In this wok,the sequential extraction method was employed to extract inorganic carbon forms in sediments from Dali Lake.The form distribution characters of inorganic carbon in surface sediments and sediment cores were studied.The correlations between inorganic carbon and physical-chemistry characteristics such as total organic carbon(TOC),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP) and biogenic silicate(BSi) were discussed in sediment cores.The results showed that the dominant form of inorganic carbon was NH2OH·HCl form both in surface sediment and sediment cores;The content of NH2OH·HCl form in sediments ranges from 6.26 to 17.51 mg/g,with mean content of 14.02 mg/g,accounted for 82.77% of the total inorganic carbon in the sediments.The contents of inorganic carbon forms in surface sediment are rank as: NH2OH·HCl form HCl form NaCl form NH3·H2O form NaOH form.In terms of the horizontal characteristics,the central area was the high value area of inorganic carbon form,the east and north area were the low value area in the lake.Water depth and inorganic carbon present a good positive correlation(R2=0.86,P0.01).The correlationship and the horizontal characteristics of inorganic carbon implied that the terrigenous material which were carried by inflowing rivers have dilute effect on sediments.The supersaturation coefficients of Calcium carbonate in different year in Dali Lake are far greater than 1(31.59IAP/Ksp166.92).The calculation results showed that calcium carbonate was supersaturation in the lake and implied that the aquatic environmental conditions were beneficial to authigenic carbonate precipitation in Dali Lake.In sediment cores,the content of NH2OH·HCl form ranges from 5.29 to 21.72 mg/g,with mean content of 12.90 mg/g,accounted for 82.21% of the total inorganic carbon in the sediments.The contents of NH2OH·HCl form in sediment cores of DLNE-3 and DLNE-5 are obviously higher than DLNE-8 and DLNE-10.The former lied in deep water area are weakly affected by the dilution effect of terrigenous input,which is beneficial to authigenic carbonate precipitation.The latter lied in shallow water area are strongly affected by the dilution effect of terrigenous input,which is not helpful for authigenic carbonate precipitation.The correlations between inorganic carbon and nitrogen,phosphorus,biogenic silicate in the sediments implied that nutrients rising can promote the formation of calcium carbonate supersaturation.In addition,the physical and chemical properties changes in aquatic environment caused by photosynthesis was one of the important factors leading to precipitation of carbonate.

SWAT model and measured data were used to simulate the Non-Point Source(NPS) N and P pollution from 2001to 2010 in Lake Nansi watershed.The spatial distribution of the pollution was analyzed,and the contribution of all the rivers in watersheds to the pollution of Lake Nansi were calculated.The key areas with serious pollution were distinguished.The results indicated that:(1) typical watersheds were simulated with SWAT model,and then the derived models were used to simulate the Lake Nansi watershed.This method can not only improve efficiency,but also with higher simulation accuracy.The simulation results in the east of the lake were better than those in the west part of the lake,which indicated that SWAT model was suitable for the hilly areas.(2) The NPS pollution was serious in Lake Nansi watershed.The nitrogen loading exceeded the criteria in almost all regions,and the phosphorus loading exceeded the criteria in more than 40% of the region.The NPS pollution was more serious in east than that in west of the lake.The Guangfu River watershed was the major contributor to the NPS pollution in Lake Nansi watershed.(3) The soluble nitrogen,flowed into the lake through streams,is the main form of loading in Lake Nansi watershed.While,the P loading in Lake Nansi watershed was mainly in the form of adsorption,which ran into river with sediment.

At present, based on computer and information technology, intelligent diagnosis technology is in rapid development. In this paper, the application of artificial intelligence and learning techniques in intelligent fault diagnosis are demonstrated, such as Rule-Based Reasoning, Case-based Reasoning, Network neural, Fuzzy Logic, Genetic algorithm, Rough set theory, Bayesian network theory, Multi-agents, Reinforcement Learning, Support Vector Machine. Some kinds of applications are introduced. These intelligent fault diagnosis methods are widely used in complex fault diagnosis system. We will try to use them in our future intelligent fault diagnosis system for space station.

Spontaneous renal vein thrombosis (RVT) is very rare in the absence of nephrotic syndrome. It is more common in newborns and infants. RVT should always be included in the differential diagnosis of flank pain and hematuria, and because RVT can induce acute renal injury. A 19-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because he complained of right flank pain and oliguria for 3 days. Another patient, a 24-year-old man, complained of a severe and sudden onset of bilateral flank pain and anuria for a day. They were both healthy before they developed the described symptoms and had different levels of decrease in renal function when they visited the hospital. Color Doppler ultrasonography revealed RVT in both the patients. The patients received therapy, including anticoagulation and thrombolysis, following their diagnoses, and they recovered in a few days.

With the development of Aerospace Engineering, space application system becomes more and more complex. In Chinese space station in the future, the number of payloads will reach more than one hundred. How to carry on effective management to the numerous and complex payloads, to find and eliminate payload fault in time is an urgent problem to be solved. This paper presents a method for the design of fault diagnosis system for complex payloads. Using task decomposition and integrated fault diagnosis method to solve the fault diagnosis problem of huge and complex system. At the same time, the application of SOM algorithm is discussed, it has certain guiding significance for the diagnosis and follow-up of application.

The fertilizer management and the selection of rice cultivars play a vital role in rice production to maximize yield and minimize fertilizer cost. Many researches have elucidated the combined increase of nitrogen (N) accumulation and N use efficiency (NUE) in different rice genotypes, however, the accumulation, translocation, distribution of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), and the correlation of N, P and K absorption characteristics and their relationships with grain yield in rice cultivars with different NUE is still obscure. For this purpose, two rice cultivars differing in NUE were chosen for this study, one with high-NUE (Dexiang 4103) and the other with low-NUE (Yixiang 3724). Fertilizers were applied at three levels, including low (75 kg N·hm-2, 37.5 kg P2O5·hm-2, 75 kg K2O·hm-2), medium (150 kg N·hm-2, 75 kg P2O5·hm-2, 150 kg K2O·hm-2), high rate (225 kg N·hm-2, 112.5 kg P2O5·hm-2, 225 kg K2O·hm-2). A no-N treatment was included for each level as the control. The results showed that there were obvious interacting effects of cultivars and fertilizer levels on grain yield, as well as the absorption and translocation of P and K. Rice cultivars exhibited markedly stronger effects on total spikelets and the translocation of P and K in leaves, compared to fertilizer levels. The opposite trend was observed for grain yield, P and K accumulation at the main growth stages, and P and K translocation in stem and leaf sheaths. Compared with other treatments, the combined application of NPK fertilizers at medium level promoted nutrient accumulation, increased the nutrient harvest index, facilitated nutrient translocation in vegetative organs, and ultimately improved grain yield in both cultivars. The equilibrium relationship between N, P and K accumulation and grain yield indicated that the grain yield associated with high-NUE cultivar could reach more than 10,000 kg hm-2, with N, P, and K requirements of 180.8-213.3, 47.3-54.7, and 223.5-259.1 kg hm-2, respectively. Additionally, the correlation analysis revealed that accumulation and translocation of P, K during different growth stages was significantly (P < 0.05) related to grain yield and nutrient accumulation in different NUE cultivars. This study suggested that varieties with high-NUE also has high P and K use efficiencies, indicating that the conventional screening of varieties with high P or K use efficiencies can be included in the selection of high-NUE varieties. The increase of P and K accumulation and translocation during the period from heading to maturity was helpful to maintain a high-yield and NUE in rice production.

The magnetic polymer microcapsules, as a promising environmental stimuli-responsive delivery vehicle, have been increasingly exploited to tackle the problem of remotely navigated delivery. This study presented a novel design and fabrication of magnetic poly(L-glutamic acid)/chitosan (PGA/CS) microcapsules. Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were in situ synthesized inside nanoporous PGA/CS microcapsules and resultant magnetic PGA/CS microcapsules were characterized. Mitoxantrone (MTX), an antineoplastic drug, was chosen as a water-soluble model drug to research the loading and release properties of the microcapsules. The results showed the carboxylate groups of PGA within polyelectrolyte walls could be used as binding sites for the absorption of iron ions and reaction sites for the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles. Magnetic PGA/CS microcapsules were dissected using a dual-beam scanning electron microscope/focused ion beam (SEM/FIB) for morphological and microstructural examination. It was found that Fe3O4 nanoparticles with size of about 10nm were homogeneously dispersed in the polymer matrix and adhered to the pore walls of the microcapsules. Increasing the concentration of iron ions led to an increasing loading content of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and an increase in the resultant magnetization. The magnetic PGA/CS microcapsules could be easily manipulated by an external magnetic field. The MTX loading capacity depended on loading time and MTX concentration. The high loading could be ascribed to spontaneous deposition of MTX induced by electrostatic interaction. The microcapsules exhibited sustained release behavior. The MTX release from microcapsules could be best described using Korsmeyer-Peppas and Baker-Lonsdale models, indicating the diffusion mechanism of drug release from both PGA/CS microcapsules and magnetic PGA/CS microcapsules. Therefore, the novel magnetic PGA/CS microcapsules are expected to find application in drug delivery systems because of the properties of magnetic sensitivity, high drug loading and sustained release.

In order to study the performance of the fractional-slot low speed large torque permanent magnet brushless motor (PMBM), all the potential three-phase 10-pole PMBMs, which have the different slot number per pole per phase (q) of equal to or less than unit, but the same main dimensions, electromagnetic parameters and rated ones, are valuated comparatively. The inductance, no-load air-gap induced EMF, slot torque ripple and armature MMF harmonics for all the motors are exhibited especially which determine their different characteristics to some extent. At last, a prototyped 10-pole 12-slot single-layer-winding motor is adopted to verify the analysis successfully.