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To evaluate changes of anterior and posterior corneal astigmatism after superficial keratectomy in peripheral hypertrophic subepithelial corneal opacification (PHSCO). Patients with PHSCO, who had ...

Low birth weight (BW) is associated with altered ocular geometry such as a steeper corneal shape in adulthood. However, it is unclear whether low birth weight affects corneal thickness development in the center or periphery in adulthood which may contribute to ocular disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate corneal thickness in former low birth weight individuals in adulthood. Methods: The German Gutenberg Health Study is a prospective, population-based study in which every participant (age range 40–80 years) was measured with Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam HR, Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany). BW was collected by self-reports. The relationship between birth weight and corneal thickness at different locations were assessed. Linear regression models were carried out including uni- and multivariable analyses with adjustment for age, sex, mean corneal radius, and white-to-white distance. Main outcome measures were corneal thickness at the apex, at the pupil center, and at the corneal periphery. Results: Overall, 5657 participants were successfully measured (3019 females, aged 56.0 ± 10.3 years). In multivariable analyses a lower BW was associated with a thinner corneal thickness at the apex (B = 1.71 µm/500 g, p &lt, 0.001) and at the pupil (B = 1.69 µm/500 g, p &lt, 0.001). These effects diminished towards the corneal periphery resulting in no differences in the perilimbal regions. Conclusion: The present study provides evidence that lower birth weight goes along with corneal thickness alterations even into adult ages of 40 to 80 years. Thinner measurements of the cornea were particularly found in the corneal center and diminished in the periphery. This indicates that there may be fetal origins affecting corneal thickness development particularly in the corneal center.

PURPOSE Changes in peripheral corneal thickness are described in various corneal diseases such as corneal ectasia. However, few data exist describing the increase in corneal thickness from central to peripheral and reporting the normal distribution of corneal thickness in rings around the corneal centre. The aim of this study was to report these cornea characteristics and investigate associated factors in a population-based setting. METHODS The Gutenberg Health Study is a prospective, population-based study examining participants in a 5-year follow-up (age range 40-80 years) using Scheimpflug imaging. Corneal thickness was assessed in each participant at the apex, as well as in the corneal centre (thinnest corneal thickness) and in rings with 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mm diameter around the corneal centre, and the increase in corneal thickness towards the periphery. The relationship between corneal thickness at these locations and possible associated factors was determined using linear regression models. For this purpose, general and ocular parameters were included. RESULTS A total of 9729 participants were included in the present analysis (4874 women, age 59.2 ± 10.8 years). Multivariable analysis showed a correlation between the increase in corneal thickness in the circles from 0 to 10 mm (diameter) and the following parameters: age (B = -0.24 µm per year, p

Low birth weight (BW) is associated with increased corneal aberrations in childhood and alterations of corneal geometry in adulthood. Increased corneal aberrations may be a factor contributing to decreased visual function in former low BW newborns in later life. Hence, the aim of this study was to analyze the long-term effect of low BW on corneal aberrations in adulthood.In the German population-based Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) participants (age: 40-80 years) were examined with Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam HR, Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany). The relationship between self-reported BW and the different types of corneal aberrations was analyzed using linear regression analysis as uni- and multivariable analysis with adjustment for potential confounders. The main outcome measures were corneal aberrations defined as astigmatism (ZOverall, 5,628 participants were included in this analysis (3,004 women, aged 56.0 +/- 10.3 years). In a multivariable analysis lower BW was associated with decreased horizontal trefoil (B = 0.004 [0.001; 0.006] µm/500 g; p=.008); higher spherical aberrations (B=-0.006 [-0.008;-0.003] µm/500 g; p.001), higher RMS (B=-0.028 [-0.042;-0.014] µm/500 g; p.001), increased HOA (B=-0.007 [-0.010;-0.003] µm/500 g; p.001) and increased LOA (B=-0.027 [-0.041;-0.013] µm/500 g; p.001). No association was observed between birth weight and the other types of corneal aberrations in multivariable model.Our results indicate an association between BW and spherical aberration in adults aged 40 to 80 years. This indicates that low BW may have an association with an altered corneal shape development which may affect optical image quality and, hence, visual function.

To evaluate changes of anterior and posterior corneal astigmatism after superficial keratectomy in peripheral hypertrophic subepithelial corneal opacification (PHSCO).Patients with PHSCO, who had received superficial keratectomy with mitomycin C 0.02%, were included in this retrospective study. Scheimpflug imaging of the cornea (Pentacam®, Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and objective refraction were determined preoperatively and 3 months after superficial keratectomy.Fifteen eyes of 15 patients (age: 55 ± 16 years; range: 36-82 years) were included. The mean preoperative BCVA was logMAR 0.4 ± 0.2 and improved to logMAR 0.21 ± 0.3 (Superficial keratectomy reduces anterior corneal astigmatism more than posterior corneal astigmatism in patients with PHSCO. Furthermore, a myopic shift and corneal steepening in the peripheral and mid-peripheral cornea was observed after removal of the subepithelial corneal opacification spots.

To evaluate the influence of dapiprazole versus brimonidine on pupil size at various illumination levels.Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.In randomized prospective study, 19 healthy volunteers received 2 ophthalmic solutions, dapiprazole and brimonidine, 1 in each eye, for intraindividual comparison. Before and after application, pupil diameter was measured using an infrared binocular pupillometer at 3 illumination levels (0.03, 0.82, and 6.4 lux).Only slight pupil dilation was observed under scotopic conditions after application of both agents. After 20 minutes, the median reduction in pupil width was 1.4 mm for brimonidine and 0.9 mm for dapiprazole. These effects were statistically significant for both agents (both P.001). The maximum effect was observed after 40 minutes and remained stable through the next measurement at 180 minutes. Under mesopic lighting conditions, only a slight effect (1 mm) was seen.Pupil mydriasis at scotopic illumination levels was reduced by both drugs in a similar fashion. Because of the slightly stronger effect of brimonidine, application of this agent 20 minutes before activities in dimly lit areas or at night may be recommended for photic phenomena following refractive surgery.

Purpose: A pilot investigation to transfer the established corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) procedure in European eyes into clinically affected African eyes and to optimize the treatment by adapting the riboflavin composition. Materials and Methods: CXL was performed in 15 eyes (11 patients) with advanced stages of keratoconus in the Eye Clinic of Bafoussam in the West Region of Cameroon. The following six riboflavin compositions with different portions of active swelling additives were applied: Solution 1 (0.5% methylhydroxypropylcellulose [MHPC]), solution 2 (1.0% MHPC), solution 3 (1.7% MHPC), solution 4 (5% dextran), solution 5 (10% dextran) and solution 6 (no active swelling ingredient). The central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured by ultrasound pachymetry before and after de-epithelialization and at least every 10 min during CXL. Results: The application of the riboflavin solutions resulted in the following mean final CCT values: 172 ± 15% using solution 1 (60 min/ n = 5); 183 ± 8% using solution 2 (60 min/ n = 5); 170% using solution 3 (60 min/ n = 1); 80% using solution 4 (45 min/ n = 1); 99% using solution 5 (45 min/ n = 1) and 150 ± 13% using solution 6 (50 min/ n = 2). Conclusions: The combination of riboflavin compositions with swelling and stabilizing effects on the corneal stroma seems necessary in African eyes with advanced keratoconus. Further studies are required to confirm these primary results.