27 results on '"Swapnil Sinha"'
Search Results
2. Universal Design Analysis for Improving the Usability of Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printers
- Author
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Rebecca Grey, Swapnil Sinha, and Charlotte Marr de Vries
- Abstract
To accommodate a variety of users with the growing popularity of 3D printing technology, the concept of usability; the effectiveness of a user’s interaction with the product, must be considered. A seamless user interaction with the currently available commercial 3D printer systems assumes that the users have the required hand strength, ability to stand, and vision, which could be challenging for some learning this new technology. This research intends to utilize the principles of universal design, i.e., the idea of appealing design for all age groups or abilities towards operating the physical 3D printer in order to expand its field of use. Physical challenges of the human body as it moves to interact with desktop fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printers were investigated. Following that, a survey was collected, to understand the perspective of 3D printer users in terms of challenges faced while interacting with the machine and troubleshooting them. The survey indicated that users found print bed levelling the most challenging task. As a result, the redesign process for print bed leveling was initiated by the development of design specifications. This paper attempts to shed light on potential improvements that can be made in commercially available desktop systems by implementing universal design guidelines, such that the technology is accessible to a larger population. The process used in this paper is applicable for redesign of any existing product for Universal Design.
- Published
- 2022
3. A Neural Network Model for Effective Dielectric Constant Prediction of a Two Layered Microstrip Transmission Line
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Nihar K Sahoo, Swapnil Gaul, Swapnil Sinha, and Anu Mohamed
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- 2022
4. A Neural Network Model to Predict the Radiation Resistance of Dipole Antenna
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Nihar K Sahoo, Swapnil Gaul, Devikrishna L, Malavika Menon S, Swapnil Sinha, and Anu Mohamed
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- 2022
5. An Analysis and Comparison Of Deep-Learning Techniques and Hybrid Model for Sentiment Analysis for Movie Review
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Swapnil Sinha, Abishek Jayan, and Rishabh Kumar
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- 2022
6. Making on the Move: Mobility, Makerspaces, and Art Education
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Nicholas A. Meisel, Aaron D. Knochel, Alvaro M. Jordan, Kelsey Reiger, and Swapnil Sinha
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Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Visual Arts and Performing Arts ,Kinesthetic learning ,Sociology ,Visual arts education ,Education ,Visual arts - Published
- 2020
7. Comprehensive Sarcasm Detection using Classification Models and Neural Networks
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Rishabh Kumar and Swapnil Sinha
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- 2022
8. Improving Smart Contract Transaction Performance in Hyperledger Fabric
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Swapnil Sinha, Shubham Anand, and Krishna Prakasha K
- Published
- 2021
9. Cognitive Improvement by Vorinostat through Modulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in a Corticosterone-Induced Chronic Stress Model in Mice
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Akhilesh Kumar Bais, Mangala Lahkar, Pavan Kumar Samudrala, Pramod Kumar, Arpit Malik, Rajaram Mohanrao Madhana, Athira K, Swapnil Sinha, and Vijay Bahadur Singh
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medicine.medical_specialty ,genetic structures ,Physiology ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Morris water navigation task ,Caspase 3 ,CHOP ,Biochemistry ,Hippocampus ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cognition ,Corticosterone ,Internal medicine ,Fluoxetine ,medicine ,Hippocampus (mythology) ,Animals ,Chronic stress ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Vorinostat ,biology ,business.industry ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Unfolded protein response ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Caspase 12 - Abstract
Chronic stress is the leading cause of memory impairment today. Various stress-based models are being developed for studying cognitive impairment. Repurposing of existing drugs in a new pharmacology class is the safest and cheapest option for treatment instead of new drug discovery. Vorinostat (VOR) is the first histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor approved for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma by the U.S. FDA. VOR follows the rule of five and is reported to cross the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the procognitive potential of VOR (25 mg/kg) administered by intraperitoneal (ip) route in a stress-based model of chronic corticosterone (CORT) injections (20 mg/kg, subcutaneously (sc)). The study comprised six groups. Normal mice were administered vehicle (VEH) (days 1-21, sc) in the first group, VOR (days 8-21, 25 mg/kg, ip) in the second group, and fluoxetine (FLX) (days 8-21, 15 mg/kg, oral) in the third group. Mice in the remaining three groups were given 20 mg/kg (sc) CORT for 21 days, and VOR (days 8-21, 25 mg/kg, ip) or FLX (days 8-21, 15 mg/kg, oral) was additionally administered to the treatment groups. Behavioral tests such as Morris water maze test, novel object recognition test, and object in place test were performed at the end of the dosing schedule to assess cognition. After behavior tests, mice were sacrificed, and hippocampus was separated from brain tissue for reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry studies. VOR treatment attenuated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in CORT mice as evident from the reduction in DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (Ddit3) (gene encoding CHOP), caspase 12 (Casp12), and calpain-2 (Capn2) mRNA levels, and cleaved caspase 3 (CASP3) protein expression. Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1) was significantly increased in VOR-treated CORT mice. VOR also reversed CORT induced increase in HDAC2 level in the CA3 region. The protective effects of VOR were comparable to that of FLX in CORT mice. Thus, VOR has the potential to reverse cognitive dysfunction via modulation of ER stress markers and HDAC2.
- Published
- 2020
10. Digital Design Automation to Support In Situ Embedding of Functional Objects in Additive Manufacturing
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Nicholas A. Meisel, Catherine Berdanier, Swapnil Sinha, and Manoj Malviya
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010302 applied physics ,Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design ,020202 computer hardware & architecture ,Computer Science Applications - Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) offers designers access to the entire volume of an artifact during its build operation, including the embedding of foreign objects, like sensors, motors, and actuators, into the artifact to produce multifunctional products from the build tray. However, the application of embedding requires extensive designer expertise in AM. This research aims to develop a tool to automate design decisions for in situ embedding, eliminating the need for ad hoc design decisions made by experts. Two unique approaches are proposed in this work: shadow projection and voxel simulation. Both of these approaches follow a three-stage methodology to achieve design automation by (1) identifying the optimum orientation for the object, (2) designing cavity, and finally (3) designing the shape converter for a flush surface at the paused layer. The two approaches differ in Stages 2 and 3. Where the shadow projection approach employs a series of point cloud manipulation to geometry of the embedded object, the voxel simulation approach simulates the process of insertion of the embedding geometry into the part voxel by voxel. While both proposed approaches are successful in automating design for embedding complex geometries, they result in tradeoffs between final designs and the time for computation. Computational experiment with six test cases shows that designers must strategically choose from one of the approaches to efficiently automate the digital design for embedding.
- Published
- 2020
11. SNP in Forensic DNA Testing
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Rohit Saluja, Swapnil Sinha, and Pankaj Shrivastava
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Human migration ,business.industry ,education ,Crime scene ,SNP ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Identification (biology) ,Computational biology ,Biology ,Suspect ,business ,Genotyping ,SNP genotyping - Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common mutations found in humans and are special molecular signatures providing intricate information pertaining to human migration patterns, ancestral history, and predisposition to diseases. In present modern forensic era, SNPs in the human populations are being used by investigative agencies across the world as productive and sometimes definitive evidence in solving cases especially pertaining to suspect/victim identification or establishing relatedness. In the present book chapter, we have provided a comprehensive account of the use of SNPs in forensic sciences. We have explained the various conventional and most modern cutting edge strategies and approaches of typing SNPs. Most importantly we have detailed the numerous applications of SNP genotyping in DNA forensics including disaster victim identification, suspect identification at the crime scene, and establishing precisely the disputes related to paternity. We have also included a few landmark case-studies which used SNP typing to reach conclusive verdict.
- Published
- 2020
12. Influence of process interruption on mechanical properties of material extrusion parts
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Nicholas A. Meisel and Swapnil Sinha
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0209 industrial biotechnology ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Process (computing) ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Process guidance ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Embedding ,Deposition (phase transition) ,Statistical analysis ,Extrusion ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology ,Practical implications - Abstract
Purpose This paper aims to identify and quantify the effects of additive manufacturing (AM) process interruption on the tensile strength of material extrusion parts, and to find solutions to mitigate it. Design/methodology/approach Statistical analysis was performed to compare the tensile strength of specimens prepared with different process interruption time durations and different embedding methods. Subsequently, specimens were reheated at the paused layer before resuming, and tensile strengths were analyzed to observe any improvements. Findings Process interruption significantly reduced the tensile strength of printed parts by 48 per cent compared to non-interrupted specimens. Reheating the paused layer immediately before resuming the print improved part strength significantly by 47 per cent compared to regular process interrupted specimens and by 90 per cent compared to specimens with embeds. Practical implications The layer-by-layer deposition of material in AM introduces the capability for in situ embedding of functional components into printed parts. This paper shows that tensile properties are degraded during embedding due to the need for process interruption. These effects can be addressed by reheating the paused layer, providing process guidance for embedding with AM. Originality/value This paper provides an understanding of process interruption and embedding effects on mechanical properties of the parts, and how to improve them. The results from this experimental analysis provide crucial information toward design guidelines for multi-functional AM with embedded components.
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- 2018
13. Heat transfer simulation of material extrusion additive manufacturing to predict weld strength between layers
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Stephen P. Lynch, Nicholas A. Meisel, and Swapnil Sinha
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0209 industrial biotechnology ,Materials science ,Biomedical Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Welding ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Strength of materials ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,law.invention ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,law ,Thermocouple ,Thermal ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Heat transfer ,Deposition (phase transition) ,General Materials Science ,Extrusion ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology ,Engineering (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Poor strength of material extrusion additively manufactured parts has limited the process’s adoption for direct manufacturing of end-use products. These weaknesses are present at material interfaces as a result of material extrusion’s typical deposition. The variety of possible part geometries, along with the multiple toolpath options to deposit material, results in a unique thermal profile that causes varying strength across the part at the material interfaces. Prior research showed that by utilizing polymer weld theory alongside thermal profile information at the layer interfaces, one can predict tensile strength for different designs. However, these thermal profiles are unique at each point of a part’s cross-section, making them challenging to obtain experimentally or analytically. Therefore, this work presents a framework to obtain these interfacial thermal profiles computationally and directly from the programmed material deposition toolpath. A heat transfer simulation technique based on finite difference method is demonstrated and validated experimentally through thermocouple measurements. The practical potential of this simulation is then demonstrated by using the evaluated thermal profile alongside polymer weld theory to estimate the strength of structures with different infill densities and complex internal cavity designs.
- Published
- 2021
14. Real Time PCR as a Diagnostic Tool in Biomedical Sciences
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Ritismita Devi, Swapnil Sinha, and Rohit Saluja
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Real-time polymerase chain reaction ,Computer science ,Computational biology ,Biomedical sciences - Published
- 2019
15. Digital Design Automation to Support In-Situ Embedding of Functional Components in Additive Manufacturing
- Author
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Nicholas A. Meisel, Manoj Malviya, and Swapnil Sinha
- Subjects
In situ ,Computer science ,Embedding ,Control engineering ,Electronic design automation ,Actuator - Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) offers access to the entire volume of a printed artifact during the build operation. This makes it possible to embedding foreign components (e.g. sensors, motors, actuators) into AM parts, thus enabling multifunctional products directly from the build tray. However, the process of designing for embedding currently requires extensive designer expertise in AM. Current methods rely on a designer to select an orientation for the embedded component and design a cavity such that the component can be successfully embedded without compromising the print quality of the final part. For irregular geometries, additional design knowledge is required to prepare a shape converter: a secondary piece to ensure a flush deposition surface on top of the embedded component. This research aims to develop a tool to automate these different design decisions for in-situ embedding, thus reducing the need for expert design knowledge. A three-stage process is proposed to 1) find the optimum orientation based on cavity volume and cross-section area, 2) create the necessary cavity geometry to successfully insert the component, and 3) perform a Boolean operation to create the digital design for any requisite shape converter. Performance of the tool is demonstrated with four test cases with varying levels of geometric complexity. These test cases show that the proposed process successfully handles arbitrary embedded geometries, though several limitations are noted for future work.
- Published
- 2019
16. Corrigendum to 'Antidepressant activity of vorinostat is associated with amelioration of oxidative stress and inflammation in a corticosterone-induced chronic stress model in mice.' [Behav. Brain Res. 344 (2018) 73-84]
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Mangala Lahkar, Rajaram Mohanrao Madhana, Swapnil Sinha, Indu Chandran Js, Athira Kv, and V G M Naidu
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business.industry ,Inflammation ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Corticosterone ,Medicine ,Antidepressant ,Chronic stress ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Vorinostat ,Oxidative stress ,medicine.drug - Published
- 2018
17. Antidepressant activity of vorinostat is associated with amelioration of oxidative stress and inflammation in a corticosterone-induced chronic stress model in mice
- Author
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V G M Naidu, Athira K, Indu Chandran Js, Rajaram Mohanrao Madhana, Swapnil Sinha, and Mangala Lahkar
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Anxiety ,medicine.disease_cause ,Hydroxamic Acids ,Hippocampus ,Antioxidants ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,Random Allocation ,0302 clinical medicine ,Corticosterone ,Internal medicine ,Fluoxetine ,medicine ,Animals ,Chronic stress ,Vorinostat ,Inflammation ,Depressive Disorder ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Malondialdehyde ,Antidepressive Agents ,Disease Models, Animal ,Oxidative Stress ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Chronic Disease ,Major depressive disorder ,Antidepressant ,business ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Oxidative stress ,Stress, Psychological ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifactorial neuropsychiatric disorder. Chronic administration of corticosterone (CORT) to rodents is used to mimic the stress associated dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a well-established feature found in depressive patients. Recently, preclinical studies have demonstrated the antidepressant potential of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. So, we examined the antidepressant potential of vorinostat (VOR), a HDAC inhibitor against CORT injections in male mice. VOR (25 mg/kg; intraperitoneal) and fluoxetine (FLX) (15 mg/kg; oral) treatments were provided to CORT administered mice. At the end of dosing schedule, neurobehavioral tests were conducted; followed by mechanistic evaluation through biochemical analysis, RTPCR and western blot in serum and hippocampus. Neurobehavioral tests revealed the development of anxiety/depressive-like behavior in CORT mice as compared to the vehicle control. Depressive-mice showed concomitant HPA axis dysregulation as observed from the significant increase in serum CORT and ACTH. Chronic CORT administration was found to significantly increase hippocampal malondialdehyde (MDA) and iNOS levels while lowering glutathione (GSH) content, as compared to vehicle control. VOR treatment, in a similar manner to the classical antidepressant FLX, significantly ameliorated anxiety/depressive-like behavior along with HPA axis alterations induced by CORT. The antidepressant-like ability of drug treatments against chronic CORT induced stress model, as revealed in our study, may be due to their potential to mitigate inflammatory damage and oxidative stress via modulation of hippocampal NF-κB p65, COX-2, HDAC2 and phosphorylated JNK levels.
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- 2017
18. CR1 levels and gene polymorphisms exhibit differential association with falciparum malaria in regions of varying disease endemicity
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Tabish Qidwai, Prajesh K. Tyagi, Saman Habib, Saroj K. Mishra, Prerna Anand, Sudhanshu S. Pati, Surya K. Sharma, Swapnil Sinha, Ganga N Jha, Vimala Venkatesh, and Sanjib Mohanty
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Erythrocytes ,Adolescent ,Endemic Diseases ,Genotype ,Complement receptor 1 ,Immunology ,India ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Context (language use) ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Young Adult ,Exon ,Gene Frequency ,Risk Factors ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Malaria, Falciparum ,Allele ,Alleles ,biology ,Molecular epidemiology ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Exons ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Case-Control Studies ,Receptors, Complement 3b ,Female ,biology.gene ,Malaria - Abstract
Complement receptor 1 (CR1/CD35) levels on erythrocytes and related CR1 polymorphisms have been associated with response to falciparum malaria in populations inhabiting malaria-endemic regions. Differences in disease association profiles of its low expression alleles have been observed in populations from different regions of the world. We analyzed the influence of CR1 levels and associated SNPs on susceptibility/resistance to falciparum malaria in Indian populations. Two CR1 SNPs [exon 22 (A/G) and intron 27 (A/T)] define the low expression (L) CR1 allele in populations inhabiting a Plasmodium falciparum –endemic and a nonendemic region of India. Populations of the endemic region have very low red blood cell surface CR1 levels and higher frequencies of the exon 22 and intron 27 mutant L alleles. Whereas low CR1 levels correlated with susceptibility to severe malaria in the nonendemic region, high CR1 levels were associated with manifestation of disease in the endemic region. In addition, the exon 22 L allele was a risk factor for severe malaria in the nonendemic region. Absence of correlation between levels of tumor necrosis factor– α, interferon-γ, and interleukin-6 with CR1 levels in patients with severe disease indicated that RBC CR1 levels in individuals are not the major determinants of pro-inflammatory cytokine release during infection. Our results are interpreted in the context of differences in the pathogenesis of severe malaria in the malaria-endemic and nonendemic region.
- Published
- 2009
19. Implementation of Coupled Inductor Based 7-level Inverter with Reduced Switches
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R. Palanisamy, Vachika Gupta, Aishwarya Bagchi, Swapnil Sinha, and K. Vijayakumar
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010302 applied physics ,Total harmonic distortion ,Engineering ,business.industry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Inductor ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Capacitor ,Hysteresis ,Control theory ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Inverter ,Common-mode signal ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,MATLAB ,business ,computer ,Voltage ,computer.programming_language - Abstract
This paper proposes implementation of coupled inductor based 7 level inverter with reduced number switches. The inverter which generates the sinusoidal output voltage by the use of coupled inductor with reduced total harmonic distortion. The voltage stress on each switching devices, capacitor balancing and common mode voltage can be minimized. The proposed system which gives better controlled output current and improved output voltage with diminished THD value. The switching devices of the system are controlled by using hysteresis current control algorithm by comparing the carrier signals with constant pulses with enclosed hysteresis band value. The simulation and experimental results of the proposed system outputs are verified using matlab/Simulink and TMS320F3825 dsp controller respectively.
- Published
- 2017
20. Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform Based Video Steganography
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Swapnil Sinha and Parinita Sahu
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Discrete wavelet transform ,Steganography tools ,Cover (telecommunications) ,Steganography ,business.industry ,Computer science ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,Cryptography ,Data_CODINGANDINFORMATIONTHEORY ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Upload ,Ciphertext ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,The Internet ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,computer - Abstract
Now the world became more digitalized and the digital communication over the internet increases day by day. At present days the digital data is widely transfer over the internet and the whole information of living being has been uploaded on the server. With the increase of internet use, the misuse of private data also increases. There exist are many hackers and they may easily hack our private data too. So now a days security of private data has become major part of concern. For the prospective of security, cryptography and steganography of secret data can be used. In cryptography the original secret message is converted into ciphertext that is understood. While in steganography technique the secret data is hiding in cover media. Cover media may be multimedia file such as data, images, audios and videos. In this paper we are introducing video steganography technique using discrete wavelet packet transform (DWPT). Additional security can be achieved by using combined cryptography and steganography for better security of secret information. Result shows that the video steganography using discrete wavelet transform provide better performance parameter as compare to other technique of steganography.
- Published
- 2017
21. Characteristics of trabeculated myocardium burden in young and apparently healthy adults
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Sergio Pasian, Florent Le Ven, Christian F. Deschepper, James C. Engert, Maria de la Paz Ricapito, Helena Tizón-Marcos, Olivier F. Bertrand, Eric Larose, Karine Bibeau, Swapnil Sinha, Elisabeth Bédard, and Philippe Pibarot
- Subjects
Cardiac function curve ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Noncompaction cardiomyopathy ,Adolescent ,medicine.drug_class ,Heart Ventricles ,Population ,Diastole ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Young Adult ,Reference Values ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ,medicine ,Natriuretic peptide ,Humans ,Heart Atria ,Prospective Studies ,Protein Precursors ,Prospective cohort study ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Ejection fraction ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Myocardium ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,medicine.disease ,Myocardial Contraction ,Peptide Fragments ,Cardiology ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Cardiomyopathies ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Increased myocardial trabeculations define noncompaction cardiomyopathy (NCC). Imaging advancements have led to increasingly common identification of prominent trabeculations with unknown implications. We quantified and determined the impact of trabeculations' burden on cardiac function and stretch in a population of healthy young adults. One hundred adults aged 18 to 35 years (28±4 years, 55% women) without known cardiovascular disease were prospectively studied by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Left ventricular (LV) volumes, segmental function, and ejection fraction (EF) and left atrial volumes were determined. Thickness and area of trabeculated (T) and dense (D) myocardium were measured for each standardized LV segment. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (Nt-pro-BNP) was measured. Eighteen percent of the subjects had ≥1 positive traditional criteria for NCC, and 11% meet new proposed NCC cardiovascular magnetic resonance criteria. Trabeculated over dense myocardium ratio (T/D) ratios were uniformly greater at end-diastole versus end-systole (0.90±0.25 vs 0.42±0.13, p0.0001), in women versus men (0.85±0.24 vs 0.72±0.19, p=0.006), at anterior versus nonanterior segments (1.41±0.59 vs 0.88±0.35, p0.0001), and at apical versus nonapical segments (1.31±0.56 vs 0.87±0.38, p0.0001). The largest T/D ratios were associated with lower LVEF (57.0±5.3 vs 62±5.5, p=0.0001) and greater Nt-pro-BNP (203±98 vs 155±103, p=0.04). Multivariable regression identified greater end-systolic T/D ratios as the strongest independent predictor of lower LVEF, beyond age and gender, left atrial or LV volumes, and Nt-pro-BNP (β=-9.9, 95% CI -15 to 4.9, p0.001). In conclusion, healthy adults possess variable amounts of trabeculations that regularly meet criteria for NCC. Greater trabeculations are associated with decreased LV function. Apparently healthy young adults with increased trabecular burden possess evidence of mildly impaired cardiac function.
- Published
- 2014
22. Deletion of the APOBEC3B gene strongly impacts susceptibility to falciparum malaria
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Kanika Kanchan, Ankita Narang, Pankaj Jha, Vimala Venkatesh, Saman Habib, Surya K. Sharma, Swapnil Sinha, Tabish Qidwai, Sanjib Mohanty, Analabha Basu, Sudhanshu S. Pati, Shally Awasthi, Prashant Singh, Mitali Mukerji, Sanjeev Jain, Saroj Kanta Mishra, and Shuhua Xu
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Endemic Diseases ,Genotype ,Plasmodium falciparum ,India ,Microbiology ,White People ,Structural variation ,Minor Histocompatibility Antigens ,Gene Frequency ,Polymorphism (computer science) ,Cytidine Deaminase ,parasitic diseases ,Malaria Vaccines ,Genetics ,medicine ,Odds Ratio ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Allele ,Malaria, Falciparum ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Alleles ,Polymorphism, Genetic ,biology ,Odds ratio ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Immunity, Innate ,Infectious Diseases ,APOBEC3B Gene ,Malaria ,Gene Deletion - Abstract
APOBEC3B, a gene involved in innate response, exhibits insertion-deletion polymorphism across world populations. We observed the insertion allele to be nearly fixed in malaria endemic regions of sub-Saharan Africa as well as populations with high malaria incidence in the past. This prompted us to investigate the possible association of the polymorphism with falciparum malaria. We studied the distribution of APOBEC3B, in 25 diverse Indian populations comprising of 500 samples and 176 severe or non-severe Plasmodium falciparum patients and 174 ethnically-matched uninfected individuals from a P. falciparum endemic and a non-endemic region of India. The deletion frequencies ranged from 0% to 43% in the Indian populations. The frequency of the insertion allele strikingly correlated with the endemicity map of P. falciparum malaria in India. A strong association of the deletion allele with susceptibility to falciparum malaria in the endemic region (non-severe vs. control, Odds ratio=4.96, P value=9.5E(-06); severe vs. control, OR=4.36, P value=5.76E(-05)) was observed. Although the frequency of deletion allele was higher in the non-endemic region, there was a significant association of the homozygous deletion genotype with malaria (OR=3.17, 95% CI=1.10-10.32, P value=0.0177). Our study also presents a case for malaria as a positive selection force for the APOBEC3B insertion and suggests a major role for this gene in innate immunity against malaria.
- Published
- 2011
23. Distinct cytokine profiles define clinical immune response to falciparum malaria in regions of high or low disease transmission
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Swapnil, Sinha, Tabish, Qidwai, Kanika, Kanchan, Ganga N, Jha, Prerna, Anand, Sudhanshu S, Pati, Sanjib, Mohanty, Saroj K, Mishra, Prajesh K, Tyagi, Surya K, Sharma, Shally, Awasthi, Vimala, Venkatesh, and Saman, Habib
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Young Adult ,Adolescent ,Case-Control Studies ,Cytokines ,Humans ,Female ,Malaria, Falciparum ,Middle Aged ,Th1-Th2 Balance ,Demography - Abstract
The immune effector response to Plasmodium falciparum infection involves a finely-tuned interplay between different cell types and cytokines. However, the processes by which they mediate the development of clinical immunity, in areas of different endemicity, are poorly understood. We analyzed circulating levels of pro-inflammatory (TNF, IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-16) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) cytokines in control and patient groups drawn from a P. falciparum-endemic and a non-endemic region of India. The endemic region control population exhibited a lower pro- to anti-inflammatory cytokine ratio, indicating a shift towards a high basal Th2 response. Levels of IL-10 contributed most towards the region-specific difference in basal cytokine response. IL-10 was also the strongest predictor of disease in the endemic region, while IL-12, along with IL-10 and IL-6, contributed most to disease outcome in the non-endemic region. A low, mean IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio was associated with disease severity in the endemic region (p0.0001). In contrast, a low mean IL-12/IL-10 ratio correlated with disease outcome in the non-endemic region (p0.0001). In the endemic region, IL-13 correlated negatively with IFN-γ in severe patients (Spearman's ρ: -0.49; p : 0.013), while in the non-endemic region, IL-13 correlated negatively with IL-6 in severe malaria patients (Spearman's ρ: -0.485; p : 0.001). In conclusion, levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the relative balance between the Th1 and Th2 response, illustrates how populations residing in areas of varying disease endemicity may respond to P. falciparum-induced immune challenge.
- Published
- 2010
24. Genetic differentiation of populations residing in areas of high malaria endemicity in India
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Vandana Arya, Saman Habib, Swapnil Sinha, and Sarita Agarwal
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Genetics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endemic Diseases ,Prevalence ,Population genetics ,India ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Human genetics ,Malaria ,Genetics, Population ,Epidemiology ,Genetic variation ,medicine ,Humans ,Allele - Published
- 2009
25. Genetic landscape of the people of India: a canvas for disease gene exploration
- Author
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Partha P. Majumder, A. Mandal, Anubha Mahajan, Meenakshi Chakravorty, Antony Thangadurai, Debasis Dash, Chitra Chauhan, R. S. Bharti, Pragya Srivastava, A. B. Pant, Amit Kumar Chaurasia, Preeti Khurana, Rupinder Kaur, Jyotsna Batra, Mitali Mukerji, S.K. Das, Moulinath Acharya, Vinod Scaria, Dwaipayan Bharadwaj, Rajshekhar Chatterjee, Qadar Pasha, Saman Habib, Ravi Shankar, Taruna Madan, Amit Sinha, Vinay K. Khanna, V. R. Rao, Siddharth Singh Bisht, S. Prakash, Mridula Singh, Moumita Chaki, Ranjana Verma, Ashima Bhattacharyya, Dipanjana Dutta De, Taraswi Banerjee, Rachna Shukla, Mahua Maulik, Sridhar Sivasubbu, Ishita Chattopadhyay, Tavpritesh Sethi, Mudit Vaid, Abdur Rahim, Arindam Maitra, Sumit Ranjan Das, Swapna Mahurkar, M. Mohd Idris, Neelam Makhija, Meenal Gupta, Swapnil Sinha, Manoj Hariharan, Krishanu Dasgupta, Swati Bajaj, Rajdeep Chowdhury, Charu Rajput, Sangeeta Sharma, K. Narayansamy, Suruchika Soni, Yasha Bhasin, Aradhita Baral, Shrish Tiwari, Ruchi Chawla, Saibal Mukherjee, Abhay Sharma, K. Radha Mani, Arunava Banerjee, Arijit Mukhopadhyay, Prashant Singh, Sreenivas Chavali, J. Hemavathi, Jitender Kumar, Ikhlak Ahmed, Keya Chaudhuri, Anshu Bharadwaj, Rajesh Pandey, Anwar J. Khan, Eugene Wilson, Kunal Ray, Arindam Biswas, Shalini Mani Tripathi, Arvind P. Singh, Ashok Kumar, Madhu Singh, Samira Bahl, G. Sudheer, Mohamed Nadeem Khan, Ashiq Hussain, Pankaj Jha, Manickam Chidambaram, Victor Rajamanickam, Biswaroop Ghosh, Rashmi Rajput, Ashok K. Singh, Naveen Kumar, Shantanu Sengupta, Mamta Sharma, Balaram Ghosh, Sushanta Das Sutar, Shrawan K. Mishra, Amitabh Sharma, Arnab Gupta, Ritushree Kukreti, Charles J. Spurgeon, Sumera Parveen, Chaitali Misra, Rupali Chopra, Sandeep Grover, Suchita Singh, Nivedita Singh, Alok Dhawan, Devendra Parmar, Srikanta Kumar Rath, Gourish Monadal, Tsering Stobdan, Uma Mittal, Lalji Singh, Abdoulazim Nejatizadeh, Komal Virdi, Amit Tuteja, Pankaj Khanna, Jagmohan Singh, Kumarasamy Thangaraj, Susanta Roychoudhury, Amit Kumar Mitra, A. K. Reddy, Shiladitya Sengupta, Sangeeta Khanna, James Kappukalayil Abraham, Debalina Banerjee, Seema Bhaskar, Kamlesh Bisht, Mohini Anand, Amrendra Kumar, Pooja Rana, Nikita Thakur, Deepak Kumar, Suddhasil Mookherjee, G. S. Ramalakshmi, Shilpy Sharma, Ishani Deb, Mainak Sengupta, Arun Bandyopadhyay, Jinny A. Paul, Swapan K Das, Parag P. Shah, Samir K. Brahmachari, Rubina Tabassum, A Saha, Giriraj R. Chandak, Elyanambi Sundaramoorthy, Dipayan Dasgupta, and Ganga Nath Jha
- Subjects
Receptors, CCR5 ,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 ,Population ,India ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,HIV Infections ,Disease ,Biology ,Disease cluster ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Genetics ,Ethnicity ,SNP ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,International HapMap Project ,education ,Alleles ,Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ,education.field_of_study ,Genetic Variation ,Genetic divergence ,Genetics, Population ,Haplotypes ,Endogamy - Abstract
Analyses of frequency profiles of markers on disease or drug-response related genes in diverse populations are important for the dissection of common diseases. We report the results of analyses of data on 405 SNPs from 75 such genes and a 5.2 Mb chromosome, 22 genomic region in 1871 individuals from diverse 55 endogamous Indian populations. These include 32 large (>10 million individuals) and 23 isolated populations, representing a large fraction of the people of India. We observe high levels of genetic divergence between groups of populations that cluster largely on the basis of ethnicity and language. Indian populations not only overlap with the diversity of HapMap populations, but also contain population groups that are genetically distinct. These data and results are useful for addressing stratification and study design issues in complex traits especially for heterogeneous populations.
- Published
- 2008
26. The Indian Genome Variation database (IGVdb): a project overview
- Author
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Pragya Srivastava, Shivali Malhotra, Souvik Maiti, Mudit Vaid, Devendra Parmar, Moumita Chaki, Manoj Jain, Rupali Chopra, Mitali Mukerji, Tsering Stobdan, Suchita Singh, Meenakshi Chakravorty, Alok Dhawan, Partha P. Majumder, Chitra Chauhan, Jinny A. Paul, Srikanta Kumar Rath, Debasis Dash, Ankur Saxena, Rajshekhar Chatterjee, R. S. Bharti, S.K. Das, Moulinath Acharya, S. Siva, Arindam Biswas, B. R. K. Shukla, Dwaipayan Bharadwaj, Shilpy Sharma, Swapan K Das, Ravi Shankar, Qadar Pasha, Saman Habib, Mridula Singh, Ishani Deb, Abhay Sharma, Komal Virdi, Ajay Vidhani, Ishita Chattopadhyay, Shantanu Sengupta, Kumarasamy Thangaraj, Jitender Kumar, J. P. Srivatava, Gautam Ghosh, Mamta Sharma, Aarif Ahsan, Rubina Tabassum, Mohini Anand, A Saha, Keya Chaudhuri, Giriraj R. Chandak, J. R. Gupta, Ravishankar Roy, Charu Rajput, Samira Bahl, Ashok K. Singh, Saibal Mukherjee, Anwar J. Khan, Ranjana Verma, Kunal Ray, Arunava Banerjee, Arijit Mukhopadhyay, Prashant Singh, Samir K. Brahmachari, Ashok Kumar, Arvind P. Singh, Rukhsana Chowdhury, Arnab Gupta, Taruna Madan, Shiladitya Sengupta, Ashima Bhattacharyya, Taraswi Banerjee, Chaitali Misra, Kamlesh Bisht, Ganga Nath Jha, Jagmohan Singh, Anubha Mahajan, Jyotsna Batra, Susanta Roychoudhury, Amit Kumar Mitra, Madhu Singh, Rana Nagarkatti, Suddhasil Mookherjee, Arun Bandyopadhyay, V. R. Rao, Shrawan K. Mishra, Balaram Ghosh, Tufan Naiya, Vinay Khanna, Swapnil Sinha, Somnath Dutta, Aradhita Baral, Amitabh Sharma, Vijaya Banerjee, Nitin Maurya, Sreenivas Chavali, Rajesh Pandey, Gourish Monadal, Uma Mittal, and Lalji Singh
- Subjects
Genetics ,Genome, Human ,media_common.quotation_subject ,India ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Biology ,Genome ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Predictive medicine ,Genetics, Population ,Evolutionary biology ,Endogamy ,Pharmacogenomics ,Cultural diversity ,Databases, Genetic ,Humans ,Identification (biology) ,Genetics (clinical) ,Diversity (politics) ,media_common - Abstract
Indian population, comprising of more than a billion people, consists of 4693 communities with several thousands of endogamous groups, 325 functioning languages and 25 scripts. To address the questions related to ethnic diversity, migrations, founder populations, predisposition to complex disorders or pharmacogenomics, one needs to understand the diversity and relatedness at the genetic level in such a diverse population. In this backdrop, six constituent laboratories of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), with funding from the Government of India, initiated a network program on predictive medicine using repeats and single nucleotide polymorphisms. The Indian Genome Variation (IGV) consortium aims to provide data on validated SNPs and repeats, both novel and reported, along with gene duplications, in over a thousand genes, in 15,000 individuals drawn from Indian subpopulations. These genes have been selected on the basis of their relevance as functional and positional candidates in many common diseases including genes relevant to pharmacogenomics. This is the first large-scale comprehensive study of the structure of the Indian population with wide-reaching implications. A comprehensive platform for Indian Genome Variation (IGV) data management, analysis and creation of IGVdb portal has also been developed. The samples are being collected following ethical guidelines of Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and Department of Biotechnology (DBT), India. This paper reveals the structure of the IGV project highlighting its various aspects like genesis, objectives, strategies for selection of genes, identification of the Indian subpopulations, collection of samples and discovery and validation of genetic markers, data analysis and monitoring as well as the project's data release policy.
- Published
- 2005
27. Bilateral hypertrophic olivary nucleus degeneration on magnetic resonance imaging in children with Leigh and Leigh-like syndrome
- Author
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Kothari Sonam, A B Taly, D Ranjith, Swapnil Sinha, Parayil Sankaran Bindu, M.M. Srinivas Bharath, Madhu Nagappa, Nahid Akhtar Khan, Kumarasamy Thangaraj, H R Arvinda, Narayanappa Gayathri, and Chikkanna Govindaraju
- Subjects
Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Mitochondrial Diseases ,Mitochondrial disease ,Olivary Nucleus ,Muscle hypertrophy ,Cohort Studies ,Diagnosis, Differential ,Glutarates ,Hepatolenticular Degeneration ,Maple Syrup Urine Disease ,Central tegmental tract ,medicine ,Inferior olivary nucleus ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Leigh disease ,Child ,Retrospective Studies ,Full Paper ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Olivary degeneration ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Hypertrophy ,Syndrome ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Early Diagnosis ,Giant Axonal Neuropathy ,Female ,Leigh Disease ,Differential diagnosis ,business - Abstract
Bilateral hypertrophic olivary degeneration on brain MRI has been reported in a few metabolic, genetic and neurodegenerative disorders, including mitochondrial disorders. In this report, we sought to analyse whether bilateral symmetrical inferior olivary nucleus hypertrophy is specifically associated with mitochondrial disorders in children.This retrospective study included 125 children (mean age, 7.6 ± 5 years; male:female, 2.6:1) diagnosed with various metabolic and genetic disorders during 2005-2012. The routine MRI sequences (T1 weighted, T2 weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery sequences) were analysed for the presence of bilateral symmetrical olivary hypertrophy and central tegmental tract or dentate nuclei signal changes. The other imaging findings and the final diagnoses were noted.The cohort included patients with Leigh and Leigh-like syndrome (n = 25), other mitochondrial diseases (n = 25), Wilson disease (n = 40), Type 1 glutaric aciduria (n = 14), maple syrup urine disease (n = 13), giant axonal neuropathy (n = 5) and L-2 hydroxy glutaric aciduria (n = 3). Bilateral inferior olivary nucleus hypertrophy was noted in 10 patients, all of whom belonged to the Leigh and Leigh-like syndrome group.Bilateral hypertrophic olivary degeneration on MRI is relatively often, but not routinely, seen in children with Leigh and Leigh-like syndrome. Early detection of this finding by radiologists and physicians may facilitate targeted metabolic testing in these children.This article highlights the occurrence of bilateral hypertrophic olivary nucleus degeneration on MRI in children with Leigh and Leigh-like syndrome, compared with other metabolic disorders.
- Published
- 2014
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