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Oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons.

We demonstrate the application of artificial neural network (ANN) models to reverse Monte Carlo based thermodynamic calculations. Adsorption isotherms are generated for 2D square and triangular lattices. These lattices are considered because of their importance to catalytic applications. In general, configurational free energy terms that arise from adsorbate arrangements are challenging to handle and are typically evaluated using computationally expensive Monte Carlo simulations. We show that a combination of reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) and ANN model can provide an accurate estimate of the configurational free energy. The ANN model is trained/constructed using data generated with the help of RMC simulations. Adsorption isotherms are accurately obtained for a range of adsorbate-adsorbate interactions, coverages and temperatures within few seconds on a desktop computer using this method. The results are validated by comparing to MC calculations. Additionally, H adsorption on Ni(100) surface is studied using the ANN/RMC approach.

Objective Fissure sealants hold a great significance in the preclusion of inception of caries process. The present in vitro study assesses the marginal sealing ability and penetration depth of various dental products used as pit and fissure sealants. Study design Sixty freshly extracted human non-carious premolars were arbitrarily categorized into four groups of 15 samples. Prophylaxis of occlusal surfaces of sample teeth was done with pumice slurry and sealant was applied. Later, the teeth underwent thermocycling and immersion in 5% methylene blue for 24 hours. Sectioning of teeth samples was done buccolingually and they were analyzed under stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis used Nonparametric tests Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney were applied to carry out microleakage comparison. The percentage penetration depth was compared using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Tukey's post hoc test was applied for multiple analogies. Results Highest microleakage was seen in glass ionomer-based sealant followed by flowable composite and least for classical sealant. Flowable nanocomposite gave comparable results with that of the classical sealant. No statistical difference was found with respect to depth of penetration between different tested materials. Conclusion Flowable nanocomposite can be considered as a promising substitute for sealing fissures and thus can be endorsed to caries-susceptible pediatric patients. How to cite this article Butail A, Dua P, Mangla R, et al. Evaluation of Marginal Microleakage and Depth of Penetration of Different Materials Used as Pit and Fissure Sealants: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(1):38-42.

The conclusion highlights the double movement of the book as it reveals the figure of the American dream and refracts this figure into all its complexity. Ethnic literature’s shared engagement with and inevitable difference from this figure brings out both ubiquity and unevenness. Constellating distinct literary traditions in this way develops new comparative methods and orientations to ethnic archives, along with a better understanding of how race and ethnicity are being realigned at present. The conclusion emphasizes what characterization as contestation accomplishes—how the interplay of the many facets of character across literary and social worlds breaks down persistent archetypes and foregrounds structural constraints. In closing, the book points to attentiveness, underscoring the agency of literature and of literary critique.

This chapter explores the ethnic character who severs art from biography through José Garcia Villa’s infamous disavowal of his racial and colonial identity. Focusing on Villa’s autobiographical short story cycle in Footnote to Youth (1933), this chapter rethinks Villa’s disavowal in terms of exposure. The grotesque characters of Villa’s fictive work draw attention to their own twisted forms and expose the social characterization of minorities and of Filipino colonial subjects, specifically their Orientalist and primitivist caricature. This chapter reveals Villa’s insistent disavowal of biography to be the result of social compulsion rather than eccentric choice.

This chapter focuses on Paule Marshall’s characterization of Black upward mobility in the semiautobiographical novel, Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959). While the main characters of mother and daughter are often opposed in terms of their orientation toward the American dream, this analysis draws them together in a chiasmus of character shaped by their shared experience of racism. The Brooklyn brownstone emblematizes the difficult succession of European and non-European immigrants, and Barbadian immigrants in particular, reorienting readers toward a structural critique. Shaped not just by individual will but by determinative social forces, the spectacular figure of self making is brought into focus as a constrained character to be integrated rather than disavowed.

This chapter focuses on racial betrayal across José Antonio Villarreal’s life and work. It analyzes the overdetermined character of Villarreal’s semiautobiographical novel, Pocho (1959), into which protagonist and author are collapsed. Readings excavate two dynamic and interrelated fields of characterization: the queer figure of El Malinche who emblematizes assimilative desire and the masculinist figure of El Macho who has a revolutionary consciousness of colonial subjection. Pocho reveals rather than reproducing the dominant heteropatriarchal order from which minority and Chicano masculinity take their bearings, exposing the discontinuous character of author and protagonist.

This chapter explores the character of the imperialist immigrant that Ameen Rihani represents in his early work. Beginning with an epistolary volume, Letters to Uncle Sam, written from 1917 to 1919, this chapter focuses on The Book of Khalid (1911), a picaresque novel whose titular protagonist seeks as the “Superman of America” to found an Arab empire on the American model. This chapter analyzes the hyperproduction of character in the manic figure of Khalid and its reframing by a wry Editor, essentially the character function of Rihani. It demonstrates how Rihani indicts the American dream and the impossible identifications to which diasporic subjects and Arab Americans in particular are subjected.

This chapter explores the character of model minority through the figure of the first Asian American member of Congress, Dalip Singh Saund, and his autobiography, Congressman from India (1960). Linking the autobiography to the emergence of the model minority myth, this chapter shows how Congressman from India uses the discourse of character building to shape the exemplary figure of Saund, obscuring structural inequality and occluding Saund’s racial presence. This a precarious posture that pivots between race and ethnicity, destabilizing the model that that Saund seeks to build and guiding readers to a critical perspective upon the American dream and Saund’s Cold War propaganda function.

The introduction presents the central figures of this study: visibly racialized immigrants who embrace aspects of the American dream, from imperialism to individualism, racial betrayal to upward mobility. Building on ethnic and postcolonial studies, as well as theories of socioformal character and racial form, the introduction develops a method for reading such figures, showing how characterization and racialization are linked. It presents a new hermeneutic—race character critique, which bridges literary persona and social personhood, showing how this method grapples with the burden of representation of ethnic literature by mapping out (rather than collapsing) the relationship between the author as character within the historical record and the character function of the author within the text. The introduction offers an overview of the period from 1900 to 1960 in which this study is based, showing how this method illuminates a vexed genealogy of non-European immigration at the pivot of race and ethnicity. The dynamics of characterization are also those of contestation, the introduction demonstrates. Readers can critically engage with the American dream precisely through characters that appear to exemplify its ideology and develop a structural reading of minority identity shaped by necessity and constraint.

A vexed figure inhabits U.S. literature and culture: the visibly racialized immigrant who disavows minority identity and embraces the American dream. Such figures are potent and controversial, for they promise to expiate racial violence and perpetuate an exceptionalist ideal of America. Swati Rana grapples with these figures, building on studies of literary character and racial form. Rana offers a new way to view characterization through racialization that creates a fuller social reading of race. Situated in a nascent period of ethnic identification from 1900 to 1960, this book focuses on immigrant writers who do not fit neatly into a resistance-based model of ethnic literature. Writings by Paule Marshall, Ameen Rihani, Dalip Singh Saund, José Garcia Villa, and José Antonio Villarreal symbolize different aspects of the American dream, from individualism to imperialism, assimilation to upward mobility. The dynamics of characterization are also those of contestation, Rana argues. Analyzing the interrelation of persona and personhood, Race Characters presents an original method of comparison, revealing how the protagonist of the American dream is socially constrained and structurally driven.

Objective Fissure sealants hold a great significance in the preclusion of inception of caries process. The present in vitro study assesses the marginal sealing ability and penetration depth of various dental products used as pit and fissure sealants. Study design Sixty freshly extracted human non-carious premolars were arbitrarily categorized into four groups of 15 samples. Prophylaxis of occlusal surfaces of sample teeth was done with pumice slurry and sealant was applied. Later, the teeth underwent thermocycling and immersion in 5% methylene blue for 24 hours. Sectioning of teeth samples was done buccolingually and they were analyzed under stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis used Nonparametric tests Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney were applied to carry out microleakage comparison. The percentage penetration depth was compared using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Tukey's post hoc test was applied for multiple analogies. Results Highest microleakage was seen in glass ionomer-based sealant followed by flowable composite and least for classical sealant. Flowable nanocomposite gave comparable results with that of the classical sealant. No statistical difference was found with respect to depth of penetration between different tested materials. Conclusion Flowable nanocomposite can be considered as a promising substitute for sealing fissures and thus can be endorsed to caries-susceptible pediatric patients. How to cite this article Butail A, Dua P, Mangla R, et al. Evaluation of Marginal Microleakage and Depth of Penetration of Different Materials Used as Pit and Fissure Sealants: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(1):38–42.

Early childhood caries is like an epidemic, especially in the developing world, hence exploring its appropriate factors in causing the disease the need of the hour. Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate social and behavioral determinants of early childhood caries within the region of Ambala, Haryana.The present survey elaborated oral examination among 398 study participants within the age group of 4-5 years. Carious tooth was recorded using Gruebbel's deft DEFT index using clean mouth mirror and probe. A questionnaire comprising 21 questions in English as well as Hindi was prepared. There was an interviewer who took the interview of parents or caregivers. The questionnaire consisted of questions which were aimed at gaining information regarding infants feeding practice, social factors, and dental health behavior. The results of the study were tabulated, and inferential statistics were applied using ANOVA test along with regression (multiple logistic) procedure.The occurrence of caries was affected by the behavioral factors such as breastfeeding habits, bottle feeding habits, age of beginning of solid foods in children. There was no influence of age of beginning of taking fluid from cup. Besides social factors like annual family income, education of mothers, age of mother at the time of birth of children, age of children, order of children in the family had a significant effect over the occurrence and severity and extent of caries. Factors such as gender of children and profession of mother did not have had a significant role in early childhood caries. Dental health habits such as tooth brushing frequency, brushing under supervision, frequency of toothbrushing, quantity of toothpaste used had a significant effect over the frequency, and acerbity of caries in early infanthood.It can be concluded from this study that there is a significant correlation between several social and behavioral determinants and early childhood caries.

Nanotechnology has revolutionized the food industry and confers paradigmatic shift through enrichment in nutritional value, innovations in nutrient delivery systems for enhancement of bioavailability, nano-formulated agrochemicals, intelligent packaging materials, and biosensors for the detection of foodborne pathogens and intoxicants. With an emphasis on toxicity and health concerns, food safety is recognized as a burning problem worldwide and responsibility for ensuring and enhancing the food safety is collectively shared by producers to consumers. The unceasingly growing public concern has incited research interest in the use of nanoparticles to develop nanosensors for detection of various contaminants and pathogens in food system. The elegant amalgamation of nanotechnology with different scientific disciplines leads to refurbished impetus to the development of a novel sensing platform for enhancement in the safety of food materials. Therefore, the present disclosure addresses the various aspects and embodiments related to the importance and types of nanosensors and its fabrication as well as comprehensive applications in food safety. Though the lucrative and innovative applications of nanotechnology have seen exponential growth in the last decade but the risk assessment and safety issues associated with this emerging technology have withdrawn ample attention among the scientific communities. Therefore, this chapter also covers the regulatory framework capable of managing any risks associated with implementation of nanoparticles in food safety. This chapter highlights the potential role of nanosensors 250in the field of enhancing the food safety. The food safety has been ensured by the prompt preventive action manifested by the rapid detection of food contaminants by the nanosensing devices. This is accomplished due to the remarkable properties of nanosensors in which the selective binding with the biological components with target analytes and their assessment through the transformation of detectable signals by the suitable transducers. This magical phenomenon confers various advantages of fast, sensitive, and portable detection to the nanosensors.

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a self-organized network that connects vehicle and RSUs. The RSUs can intern be connect to a background network so that many other network applications and services including internet access can be provide to the vehicle for obtaining different services by the user or driver. The considerable attention goes in this field due to the high demands of new innovations in the vehicular industry. The primary purpose of VANET is to improve public safety and save lives as well as to improve vehicular traffic flow. VANET has very dynamic topology large network size and constrained mobility, these characteristic led to the need for efficient routing and resource saving protocol. It is a new research area which tends lots of emphasis towards services provided through the network. In this paper, we give the review of various routing protocols by using some parameters: digital map, scenario, position verification, clustering, routing mechanism, forwarding strategy and control overhead.

Rana's essay reads two pioneering works by Syrian immigrant writers, Ameen Rihani's The Book of Khalid (1911) and Abraham Rihbany's A Far Journey (1914), that inaugurate Arab American fiction and autobiography, respectively. She shows how both texts proliferate myths of origin, attributions of kinship, and figurations of birth and rebirth, constructing a literary discourse of immigrant nativity—what Rana understands as the production of belonging by immigrants. Although Rihani and Rihbany cannot claim to have been born in the United States, they nonetheless imagine ways of “going native,” conceiving an American nativity that is subject to the modifications of their immigrant status. She positions these marginalized texts in relation to the canonical mainstream of American literature, showing how they adapt American transcendentalism and Anglo-American Protestantism in the course of their production of nativity. In these works, a remarkable literary structure of Orientalism emerges, characterized not so much by the binary teleology of “East” and “West” as by the typological circularity of these constructs. Ultimately, this essay reveals how early Syrian immigrants have contributed to the vexed proximity of the Middle East and the United States, proposing that we explore the broader archive of immigrant Americanism that subtends, but also redefines, the terms of American hegemony.