Search

The main purpose of this research was to clarify the influence of the addition of iron (Fe) alone (0-100 mg/L) or 50 mg/L of Fe with 2 mg/L each of cobalt (Co), copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) on the methanogenic activity of a mesophilic two-stage UASB system treating ethanol wastewater at a fixed chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rate of 16 kg/m

Honey is one of the best nutritious substances in the world, having different services in the body functions regulation. Ten elements (K, Na, Ca, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se) from honey samples were analyzed from 80 different locations of Punjab and ten floras. The aim of the present study was to determine the quality and quantity of minerals and Physico-chemical analysis in honey. A flame photometer was used to measure the concentration of major minerals (K, Ca and Na). The concentration of micro minerals (Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Se) was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The concentration of macro-elements obtained was as follow (in ppm): K (166-1732), Na (107-418) and Ca (07-99), while the concentration of microelements (in ppm) Co (1-2), Cr (>1), Mn ( Co > Ni > Pb > Cr > Mo > Mn. The findings showed that all the heavy metals like Co, Cr, Ni and Pb were present in trace amounts and close to International Honey Quality Standard. The result of given honey samples represented highest value of moisture (31.23%), color (80 mm pfund), pH (8.23), acidity (72.02 meq/kg), electrical conductivity (0.85 ms/cm) and ash contents (0.83%). Resumo O mel é uma das substâncias mais nutritivas do mundo, possuindo diversos serviços na regulação das funções do organismo. Dez elementos (K, Na, Ca, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se) de amostras de mel foram analisados em 80 locais diferentes de Punjab e dez floras. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a qualidade e quantidade de minerais e análises físico-químicas em mel. Um fotômetro de chama foi usado para medir a concentração dos principais minerais (K, Ca e Na). A concentração de microminerais (Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb e Se) foi analisada utilizando espectrômetro de absorção atômica. A concentração de macroelementos obtida foi a seguinte (em ppm): K (166-1732), Na (107-418) e Ca (07-99), enquanto a concentração de microelementos (em ppm) Co (1-2), Cr (> 1), Mn (< 1), Mo (1,818), Ni (1,911), Pb (< 1) e Se (1,968). Os minerais mais abundantes foram potássio, cálcio e sódio, variando entre 396-810,5, 17,5-640,63 e 169,88-238,62 ppm, respectivamente. No entanto, os oligoelementos do mel foram obtidos na ordem decrescente Se > Co > Ni > Pb > Cr > Mo > Mn. Os resultados mostraram que todos os metais pesados como Co, Cr, Ni e Pb estavam presentes em quantidades vestigiais e próximos ao Padrão Internacional de Qualidade do Mel. O resultado de determinadas amostras de mel representou o maior valor de umidade (31,23%), cor (80 mm pfund), pH (8,23), acidez (72,02 meq/kg), condutividade elétrica (0,85 ms/cm) e teor de cinzas (0,83%).

Актуальность. В наши дни особое внимание уделяется бассейнам, которые считаются потенциальными на наличие нефте- и газопроявлений. В этом отношении особый интерес проявляется к осадочным бассейнам Намкомсон и Фухань (Южно-Китайское море). В них установлены косвенные признаки глубинной дегазации по рифтовому разлому. Формирование нефти и газа тесно связано с образованием аутигенной сульфидной минерализации. Поэтому все больше вопросов возникает по поводу индикации проявлений нефтегазоностности провинций ассоциациями аутигенных минералов. В связи с этим изучение сульфидов от континентальных до океанических до сих пор является актуальной темой для исследований по всему миру. Цель: исследовать геохимические особенности пиритных образований из донных отложений осадочных бассейнов Намконсон и Фухань Южно-Китайского моря. Методы: масс-спектрометрия с индуктивно связанной плазмой; определение потерь после прокаливания и содержания SiO2 выполнено методом гравиметрии; атомно-эмиссионная спектрометрия с индуктивно связанной плазмой; оптическая и сканирующая электронная микроскопия; рентгеновская дифрактометрия; изотопная масс-спектрометрия. Результаты. Сульфидные образования из данного осадочного бассейна представляют собой агрегаты формы полой трубочки, размеры которых достигают максимум 5 см по длине и 5 мм по диаметру. Также обнаружены крупные сростки в виде ксеноморфных сгустков, сфероидальных образований. Сами агрегаты сложены преимущественно пиритом, присутствуют кварц и альбит. Пирит формирует глобулы и кристаллы формы октаэдра. В пиритных образованиях установлены высокие содержания кобальта (16,5...56,8 г/т), никеля (21,4...377 г/т) и молибдена (20,1...117 г/т). Цериевая аномалия составляет 0,90...0,93 г/т. Изотопные значения δ34S составляют от -32,9 до -47,0 ‰. Данные значения и построенные на их основе генетические диаграммы указывают на гидротермальное происхождение пиритных образований. The relevance. Nowadays, special attention is paid to basins that are considered potential for the presence of oil and gas occurrences. In this regard, the Namkomson and Fuhan sedimentary basins (South China Sea) are of interest. They established indirect signs of deep degassing along the rift fault. The formation of oil and gas is closely related to the formation of authigenic sulfide mineralization. Therefore, more and more questions arise about the indication of manifestations of oil and gas content of provinces by associations of authigenic minerals. In this regard, the study of sulfides from continental to oceanic is still a hot topic for research around the world. The aim of this work is to investigate the geochemical features of pyrite formations from bottom sediments of the Namсonson and Fuhan sedimentary basins of the South China Sea. Methods: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer; determination of losses after calcination and SiO2 content was performed by gravimetry; atomic emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma; optical and scanning electron microscopes; X-ray diffractometry; isotope mass spectrometry. Results. The sulfide formations from this sedimentary basin are hollow tube-shaped aggregates, up to a maximum of 5 cm in length and 5 mm in diameter. Large aggregates in the form of xenomorphic clots, spheroidal formations were also found. The aggregates themselves are composed mainly of pyrite, quartz and albite are also present. Pyrite forms globules and octahedral crystals. High contents of cobalt (16,5...56,8 g/t), nickel (21,4...377 g/t) and molybdenum (20,1...117 g/t) were established in pyrite formations. The Ce anomaly is 0,90...0,93. The isotopic values of δ34S range from -32,9 to -47,0 ‰. These values and the genetic diagrams derived from them indicate a hydrothermal/diagenetic origin for the pyrite formations.

Актуальностью. В настоящее время промышленная деятельность, процессы которой приводят к ухудшению условий окружающей среды, приобретает все большие масштабы. В связи с чем необходимы проекты и мероприятия для снижения ущерба окружающей среде и восстановления нарушенных земель, которые основаны на предварительных исследованиях свойств почв, содержания и распределения микроэлементов и тяжелых металлов в условиях техногенеза. Цель: определить закономерности пространственного распределения микроэлементов и источники их поступления в поверхностный слой почв на территории промышленной площадки Удачнинского горно-обогатительного комбината с помощью инструментов многомерного статистического анализа. Объекты: доминирующие типы почв северо-таежных ландшафтов Северо-Западной Якутии. Методы: потенциометрический, колориметрический, атомно-абсорбционный, статистические методы (описательный, анализ нормального распределения, факторный анализ - методом главных компонент, пространственный). Результаты. Коэффициенты вариации микроэлементов в верхнем слое почв исследуемой территории распределяются в следующем порядке убывания: Zn˃Ni˃Mn˃Cr˃Co˃Pb˃Cd˃As. Концентрации элементов Pb, Ni, Cd, Co, Cr, Zn и As в поверхностном слое почв исследуемой территории не имеют нормального распределения, за исключением Mn. Выявлены три фактора, объясняющих дисперсию содержания микроэлементов и тяжелых металлов в почвах территории северо-таежных ландшафтов Северо-Западной Якутии. Первый фактор заметно влияет на распределение Co, Cr, Ni и Zn, второй - на Cd, третий - на As и Mn. Определены основные источники и очаги загрязнения. На содержание Co, Cr и Ni в поверхностном слое почвы оказывают воздействие карьер кимберлитовой трубки «Удачный» и хвостохранилище № 1, на Zn - селитебная территория г. Удачный, на As - полигон высокоминерализованных рассолов. The relevance. Currently, industrial activity, which processes lead to the deterioration of environmental conditions, is becoming increasingly large. Therefore, projects and measures are needed to reduce environmental damage and restore disturbed lands, which are based on preliminary studies of soil properties, the content and distribution of trace elements and heavy metals in the conditions of technogenesis. The main aim: to determine the regularities of the spatial distribution of microelements and the sources of their entry into the surface layer of soils on the territory of the industrial site of the Udachny Mining and Processing Division using the tools of multivariate statistical analysis. Objects: dominant soil types of the north-taiga landscapes of northwestern Yakutia. Methods: potentiometric, colorimetric, atomic absorption, statistical methods (descriptive, normal distribution analysis, principal component method, spatial analysis). Results. The coefficients of variation of trace elements in the upper soil layer of the study area are distributed in the following descending order: Zn˃Ni˃Mn˃Cr˃Co˃Pb˃Cd˃As. The concentrations of the elements Pb, Ni, Cd, Co, Cr, Zn, and As in the surface soil layer of the study area do not have a normal distribution, with the exception of Mn. Three factors have been identified that explain the dispersion of the content of trace elements and heavy metals in the soils of the territory of the north-taiga landscapes of North-Western Yakutia. The first factor noticeably affects the distribution of Co, Cr, Ni, and Zn; the second - Cd; and the third - As and Mn. The main sources of pollution were identified. The content of Co, Cr and Ni in the surface layer of the soil is affected by the Udachny kimberlite pipe quarry and tailing dump no. 1, Zn - by the residential area of Udachny, As - by the polygon of highly mineralized brines.

Heterogeneous agglomeration (HA) is a very potential technology for coal-fired flue gas treatment. In this paper, the distribution and migration mechanisms of trace elements (TEs) such as Se, As and Pb in CFPPs were studied on a 30,000 m

The subalpine, atmospherically fed Śnieżka peatland, located in the Polish part of the Sudetes, is one of the nominated candidates for the GSSP of the Anthropocene. Data from two profiles, Sn1 (2012) and Sn0 (2020), from this site are critical for distinguishing the proposed epoch, while an additional core Sn2 is presented to support main evidence. The Sn0 archive contains a wide array of critical markers such as plutonium (Pu), radiocarbon (F14C), fly ash particles, Hg and stable C and N isotopes which are consistent with the previously well documented 210Pb/14C dated Sn1 profile, which provides a high-resolution and comprehensive database of trace elements and rare earth elements (REE), Pb isotopes, Pu, Cs, pollen and testate amoebae. The 1952 worldwide appearance of Pu, owing to its global synchronicity and repeatability between the cores, is proposed here as a primary marker of the Anthropocene, supported by the prominent upturn of selected chemostratigraphic and biostratigraphic indicators as well as the appearance of technofossils and artificial radionuclides., The Anthropocene Review, 10 (1), ISSN:2053-0196, ISSN:2053-020X

In this work, melt-spun ribbons of AlSi10Mg added with modifiers (Er, Sr, or nano-TiB2) were produced to investigate the combined effect of modification and rapid solidification on eutectic Si. The resulting eutectic microstructures are more isotropic in comparison to that of the base alloy affecting the mechanical properties of the alloys. The modification of Si morphology and supersaturation caused by the modifiers were investigated by microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. Compared to melt-spun AlSi10Mg, the eutectic Si network is finer and less continuous when Er or Sr is added, and disrupted with rounded crystals dispersed in the matrix when adding nano-TiB2. The level of supersaturation decreases in the order Er–nano-TiB2–Sr. A transition from columnar Al grains at the wheel side to finer equiaxed grains at the air side was found in the unmodified ribbon and in the one containing nano-TiB2 by means of electron backscattered diffraction. The Er- and Sr-modified ribbons display equiaxed Al grains of constant size throughout their thickness. The average hardness obtained by nano-indentation tests was lower than that of AlSi10Mg. The less continuous Si network causes the hardness drop but provides more isotropic mechanical properties.

Chromium (Cr) is a transition metal, natural element. Chromium is the 21st most abundant element in Earth's crust. Cr is found in soil, rocks and living organisms. It may have various oxidation states, from -2 to +6, but most of these states are too unstable to exist in any significant quantities. The purpose of this review and meta-analysis is to critically assess the scientific evidence on the carcinogenic effects of chromium (Cr) and to determine whether there is currently sufficient evidence to suggest that that there is a link between chromium levels in hair and blood serum and breast cancer in women.Research on the relationship between heavy metal chromium and the risk of developing breast cancer has been searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus among papers published between January 2000 and September 2020. The search used the following terms (MeSH): breast cancer, women, trace elements, metals, chromium, chemically-induced, hair, serum using additional terms.In the second group of comparisons of women from "ecologically clean" districts of Aktobe Region, there were significantly lower indicators of the microelements in tumor tissue. The amount of Fe ranges from 38.46 to 65.39 ug/g (average 49.56±5.81 ug/g), Cu from 2.8 to 6.69 ug/g (average 5.06±1.01 ug/g), Zn from 1.89 to 5.38 ug/g (average 3.88±0.89 ug/g), Cr from zero to 6,1 ug/g (average 2.13±1.29 ug/g), Ni from 0.11 to 0.42 ug/g (average 0.28±0.067 ug/g) и Pb from zero to 0.19 ug/g (average 0.098±0.06 ug/g).The article established that women who live or work in ecologically polluted areas or have problems with micronutrient exchange need in-depth screening and more frequent screening for early detection of pre- and breast cancer.

The present study investigated the potential consequences, positive or negative, that selection for favorable production-related traits may have on concentrations of vitamin B

The objective was to compare clinical protection [evaluated through health scoring, endoscopy score of the upper respiratory tract (URT-ES), leukocyte count, viremia, and virus shedding in nasal secretions] following Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (BVDV2) and Bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV1) challenge among calves submitted to modified-live virus (MLV) booster vaccination (either intranasal or subcutaneous) concurrent with injectable trace minerals (ITM) or saline. Forty-eight dairy calves received an MLV intranasal (IN) vaccine containing BHV1, BRSV, and BPI

Abstract: Selenium (Se) has been known for its beneficial biological roles for several years, but interest in this trace element has seen a significant increase in the past couple of decades. It has been reported to be a part of important bioactive organic compounds, such as selenoproteins and amino acids, including selenocysteine (SeCys), selenomethionine (SeMet), selenazolidine (SeAzo), and selenoneine. The traditional Se supplementations (primarily as selenite and selenomethionine), though have been shown to carry some benefits, also have associated toxicities, thereby paving the way for the organoselenium compounds, especially the selenoproteins and peptides (SePs/SePPs) that offer several health benefits beyond fulfilling the elementary nutritional Se needs. This review aims to showcase the applications of selenium-containing peptides that have been reported in recent decades. This article summarizes their bioactivities, including neuroprotective, antiinflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory roles. This will offer the readers a sneak peek into the current advancements to invoke further developments in this emerging research area.

Despite the great potential of microplasma optical emission spectrometry (OES) for on-site analysis, it remains a challenge to achieve the fast, sensitive, batch, and multielement analysis of trace heavy metals in a complex matrix. Herein, a novel ultrasonic nebulization-accelerated gas-phase enrichment (GPE) following in situ microplasma desorption sampling approach is employed for the determination of trace heavy metals by a miniature dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)-OES device. The volatile heavy metal species obtained by hydride generation (HG) can be quickly separated from the complex matrix under the action of ultrasonic nebulization, adsorbed on the surface of the activated carbon electrode tip for GPE, and then in situ desorbed and excited by DBD microplasma to achieve multielement OES analysis. With an array nebulizer plate, a batch of 10 samples can be handled for GPE in 40 s, and DBD-OES analysis is maintained at a rate of 6 s per sample. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits for simultaneous determinations of Hg, Cd, Cu, and Sn are 0.005, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.04 μg L

Biological and fishery features of Panopea sp. clams have been studied in northwest Mexico because of their importance for human consumption. However, the content of pollutants in their tissues, along with their implications have not been addressed yet. The concentrations of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), and zinc (Zn) in soft tissues of Panopea generosa and P. globosa clams were examined in this region by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The metal concentrations (µg/g wet weight) ranged from 6.5 to 14.2, 0.97-8.09, 0.60-1.18, and 0.01-0.07, for Zn, Cu, Cd, and Hg, respectively. This study proposes that metal presence is related to weathering, upwelling, and drainage from adjacent agricultural lands to the coast. According to the Official Mexican Standard (NOM-242-SSA1-2009) and the World Health Organization (WHO, 2022), the metal content in siphon tissue indicates safe levels for human consumption.

Transfer of trace elements, such as toxic metals, from soil to plant is a corner stone for risk assessment. Rare earth elements (REE) are frequently used as environmental tracers to understand biogeochemical processes in the soil–plant system. In this study, we combined trace element and REE measurements in the soil–plant continuum to evaluate the element transfer between different compartments. We specifically aimed at: (1) assessing the geochemical relevance and representativeness of intermediate compartments (soil solution and soil water-extract as a proxy of the bioavailable soil fraction) by comparing the REE normalized patterns; and (2) characterizing the environmental conditions that control the trace element transfer by quantifying the REE indices. For that purpose, we compared geochemical signatures in an intercropping cover crop (bean, Persian clover, and spelt) in Belgium, including soil, root, shoot, soil solution, soil water-extract, earthworm, and snow samples. Evaluation of the element mobility was performed using both soil extractability and transfer factors. The main result showed dissimilar REE patterns between soil/plant samples and soil solution/soil water-extract samples, indicating that the intermediate compartments (i.e., soil solutions or soil water-extracts) do not chemically represent the bioavailable fraction of elements without obvious propensity to biological accumulation (unlike Cd, Cu, or Zn). Compared to light REE, heavy REE were more extractable and thus transferred to plants unlike what is observed in the literature. According to their different extractabilities, Ce and Eu allowed to highlight distinct transfer from soil to plant due to possible adsorption or organic matter complexation that should be further confirmed by studying contrasted soils.

Environmental context We present a chemical characterisation of the seasonal snowpack sampled for four consecutive years at the Calderone, the southernmost glacier still surviving in peninsular Italy. This debris covered glacier recently split into two little ice bodies, whose evolution could be influenced by the snowpack properties. In particular the impact of long-range aerosol advections on concentrations of impurities in the snowpack over the local background is discussed. Rationale The Calderone Glacier (Central Apennine, Gran Sasso d’Italia mountain group) is the southernmost glacial apparatus in Europe, split into two glacierets (Upper and Lower Calderone) since the end of the last millennium. Because of its location and altitude, this site is mainly characterised by the long-range transport of air masses which arise from different Mediterranean source regions. Therefore, the seasonal snowpack’s chemistry is strongly affected by the dry and wet deposition of contaminants associated with anthropogenic and natural sources. Methodology In the present study, the seasonal snowpack stratified on the Calderone glacier has been characterised for four consecutive years (2017–2020) in the same monitoring site (2700 m asl), where a snow pit has been dug yearly, to observe the modification of chemical and physical properties depending on local and long-range atmospheric contributions. We determined the concentrations and fluxes of major inorganic ions (MIs) by ion chromatography and of 31 trace elements (TEs) by triple quadrupole ICP-MS. Results Major and trace element concentration profiles along the snowpack allowed to discriminate the snow layers contaminated by long range advections from the uncontaminated ones. The uncontaminated snow layers’ concentrations were used to calculate regional background values. The results have been compared to other remote sites to assess their robustness. Discussion Different source contributions have been recognised using enrichment factors for the trace elements, particularly crustal, marine and anthropogenic. Deposited atmospheric aerosols, found in the snowpack as distinct layers generated during intense air mass advections, have been correlated to these contributions.

Worldwide, cosmetics (especially eye shadows) are widely consumed and have a great impact on the economy. The aim of this study was to determine the multielement composition, focusing on essential and potentially toxic elements, in cosmetics (eye shadow) exposed to consumption in Brazil. Concentrations of 17 elements (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Ti, V and Zn) were determined in samples (produced in China and Brazil) using a sequential optical emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma (ICP OES) after acid digestion, assisted by a closed digester block (6 mL of HNO

Heavy metal contamination in the coastal and marine ecosystems is becoming a progressively serious risk to aquatic organisms and humans. This study reports the genetic damage and the accumulations of trace metals of L. aurata as a bioindicator species in the Payas coast of Iskenderun Bay, North-Eastern Mediterranean by COMET Assay. Fish were seasonally collected from a sampling site and a reference site for one year. Physicochemical parameters in water and trace metals in the tissues of fish collected from these sites were determined by electrochemical techniques. The high DNA damage frequency at the L. aurata was observed in the Payas coast of Iskenderun bay compared to the reference site because of pollutants that the detected high levels of Cd, Pb, Fe and Cu accumulation in L. aurata were exceed the maximum levels allowed by the national and international limit values. A significant positive correlation between Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr, Fe, Zn and Cu accumulations and DNA damage parameters was reported in the present study. Besides, we reported firstly, that it can be used successfully the electrochemical technique in the determination of trace metal concentrations in mullet. Consequently, obtained data indicate that L. aurata constitutes a useful tool as a sentinel organism for biomonitoring of the coastal ecosystem.

Undersupply and oversupply of dairy cows with essential trace elements should be avoided from the point of view of animal health and environmental pollution. The aim of the study was to proof the results faecal analyzes on the nutritional supply situation with essential trace elements in comparison to measurements from total mixed ration (TMR) analyses. Concentrations of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), Mangan (Mn), selenium (Se), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo) were measured as representative multicentric random sample in 574 TMR, 600 pooled faecal and blood samples from dairy cows. Trace elements, Fe in 0 %, Se 18 %, Zn 43 %, Cu 52 %, Co 53 % and Mn 59 %, were within the target range. Undersupply was found in 0 to 8 % and an oversupply in 39 to 100 % of the TMR samples. The tolerance limit for Fe was exceeded in 11 % and for Mo in 13 %. The results indicate the need for optimized ration design. The trace element concentrations in the faecal samples varied over a wide range. Results of pooled faecal samples (n=10 per pool) corresponded closely with the mean values calculated from the individual samples (r20,9). Correlation between element concentrations in the TMR and faecal samples for Fe (r=0,687), Cu (r=0,675), Zn (r=0,635), Mn (r=0,656), Se (r=0,573), Co (r=0,795), and Mo (r=0,708) were highly significant. No correlations were detected between the element concentrations in the TMR and in the blood samples. The regression analyzes showed a highly significant linear adjustment of the measured value distribution around the regression lines over the entire value range including the zero point. Reference values were calculated for the faecal concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn, Se and Co. Tolerance reference limits in the TMR were calculated for the faecal concentrations of Fe and Mo. The trace element concentrations in the TMR samples reflect the nutritional supply situation. Knowledge of the nutritional supply situation of the herd is of great importance for the stock management of dairy cow. Fecal sample analyzes can be used as an alternative to TMR examinations to assess the nutritional supply situation.Unter- und Überversorgungen von Milchkühen mit essenziellen Spurenelementen sind aus Sicht der Tiergesundheit und einer Umweltbelastung zu vermeiden. Untersuchungsziel war die Prüfung der Aussage von Kotanalysen zur Beurteilung der nutritiven Versorgungslage mit essenziellen Spurenelementen über einen Vergleich mit den Messwerten aus den TMR-(Totale Mischration)-Analysen. In einer repräsentativen multizentrischen Zufallsstichprobe wurden in 574 TMR-Proben und 600 gepoolten Kotproben von Milchkühen die Konzentrationen von Eisen (Fe), Kupfer (Cu), Zink (Zn), Mangan (Mn), Selen (Se), Kobalt (Co), Molybdän (Mo) gemessen sowie Blutproben untersucht. Der Zielbereich für den Spurenelementgehalt in der TMR wurde für Fe in 0 %, Se 18 %, Zn 43 %, Cu 52 %, Co 53 % und Mn 59 % eingehalten. Der Bereich einer Unterversorgung wurde in 0 bis 8 %, der Bereich einer Überversorgung in 39 bis 100 % der TMR-Proben festgestellt. Die Toleranzgrenze für Fe wurde in 11 %, für Mo in 13 % überschritten. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf die Notwendigkeit einer optimierten Rationsgestaltung hin. In den Kotproben variierten die Spurenelementkonzen­trationen über einen weiten Bereich. Die Analysenergebnisse von gepoolten Kotproben (n=10 pro Pool) stimmten mit einem r2-Wert von über 0,9 eng mit denen aus den Einzelproben berechneten Mittelwerten überein. Zwischen den Elementkonzentrationen in den TMR- und Kotproben bestanden hochsignifikante Korrelationen für Fe (r=0,687), Cu (r=0,675), Zn (r=0,635), Mn (r=0,656), Se (r=0,573), Co (r=0,795) und Mo (r=0,708). Zwischen den Elementkonzentrationen in der TMR und in den Blutproben waren keine Korrelationen nachzuweisen. Die Regressionsanalysen zeigten eine hochsignifikante lineare Anpassung der Messwertverteilung um die Regressionsgeraden über den gesamten Wertebereich unter Einschluss des Nullpunktes. Es wurden für die Kotkonzentrationen an Cu, Zn, Mn, Se und Co Referenzwerte kalkuliert. Für die Kotkonzentrationen an Fe und Mo wurden Referenzgrenzen für die Toleranzgrenzen in der TMR berechnet. Die Spurenelementkonzentrationen in den TMR-Proben spiegeln die nutritive Versorgungslage wider. Für die Bestandsbetreuung von Milchkuhherden ist die Kenntnis der nutritiven Versorgungslage der Herde von grosser Bedeutung. Kotprobenanalysen können alternativ zu TMR-Untersuchungen zur Beurteilung der nutritiven Versorgungslage herangezogen werden.Les sous-approvisionnements et les surapprovisionnements des vaches laitières en oligo-éléments essentiels doivent être évités du point de vue de la santé animale et de la pollution de l’environnement. L’objectif de cette étude était de vérifier la pertinence des analyses de fèces pour évaluer l’apport nutritionnel en oligo-éléments essentiels en les comparant aux valeurs mesurées dans les analyses de RTM (ration totale mélangée). Dans un échantillon aléatoire multicentrique représentatif, les concentrations de fer (Fe), de cuivre (Cu), de zinc (Zn), de manganèse (Mn), de sélénium (Se), de cobalt (Co) et de molybdène (Mo) ont été mesurées dans 574 échantillons de RTM et 600 échantillons de fèces regroupés de vaches laitières et des échantillons de sang ont été analysés. La plage cible pour la teneur en oligo-éléments dans la RTM a été respectée pour Fe à 0 %, Se à 18 %, Zn à 43 %, Cu à 52 %, Co à 53 % et Mn à 59 %. La plage de sous-alimentation a été constatée dans 0 à 8 % des échantillons de RTM, la plage de suralimentation dans 39 à 100 %. La limite de tolérance pour le Fe a été dépassée dans 11 %, pour le Mo dans 13 %. Ces résultats indiquent la nécessité d’optimiser les rations. Dans les échantillons de fèces, les concentrations en oligo-éléments variaient sur une large plage. Les résultats d’analyse des échantillons de fèces regroupés (n=10 par pool) correspondaient étroitement, avec une valeur r2 supérieure à 0,9, aux valeurs moyennes calculées à partir des échantillons individuels. Il y avait des corrélations très significatives entre les concentrations d’éléments dans les échantillons de RTM et de fèces pour Fe (r=0,687), Cu (r=0,675), Zn (r=0,635), Mn (r=0,656), Se (r=0,573), Co (r=0,795), et Mo (r=0,708). Aucune corrélation n’a pu être établie entre les concentrations d’éléments dans le RTM et dans les échantillons de sang. Les analyses de régression ont montré un ajustement linéaire hautement significatif de la distribution des valeurs mesurées autour de la droite de régression sur l’ensemble de la plage de valeurs, y compris le point zéro. Des valeurs de référence ont été calculées pour les concentrations de Cu, Zn, Mn, Se et Co dans les fèces. Pour les concentrations de Fe et Mo dans les fèces, des limites de référence ont été calculées pour les limites de tolérance dans la RTM. Les concentrations en oligo-éléments dans les échantillons de RTM reflètent la situation nutritionnelle. Pour le suivi des troupeaux de vaches laitières, il est très important de connaître l’état nutritionnel du troupeau. Les analyses d’échantillons de fèces peuvent être utilisées comme alternative aux analyses de RTM pour évaluer la situation nutritionnelle.L’insufficiente o eccessivo apporto di oligoelementi essenziali alle vacche da latte deve essere evitato dal punto di vista della salute degli animali e dell’inquinamento ambientale. Lo scopo dello studio è quello di verificare i risultati delle analisi fecali sulla situazione dell’apporto nutrizionale di oligoelementi essenziali rispetto alle misurazioni effettuate con le analisi della razione mista totale TMR (Total Mixed Ration). Le concentrazioni di ferro (Fe), rame (Cu), zinco (Zn), manganese (Mn), selenio (Se), cobalto (Co) e molibdeno (Mo) sono state misurate come campione rappresentativo multicentrico casuale in 574 TMR, 600 campioni fecali e di sangue nelle vacche da latte. L’intervallo di valori target per il contenuto di oligoelementi è stato raggiunto per Fe 0 %, Se 18 %, Zn 43 %, Cu 52 %, Co 53 % e Mn 59 %. Una sotto-alimentazione è stata riscontrata dallo 0 all’8 % e una sovra-alimentazione dal 39 al 100 % dei campioni di TMR. Il limite di tolleranza per il Fe è stato superato nell’11 % e per il Mo nel 13 %. I risultati indicano la necessità di ottimizzare la pianificazione della razione. Le concentrazioni di oligoelementi nei campioni fecali oscillavano in un ampio intervallo. I risultati dei campioni fecali in pool (n=10 per pool) corrispondevano strettamente ai valori medi calcolati dai singoli campioni (r20,9). Le relazioni tra le concentrazioni di elementi nel TMR e nei campioni fecali erano altamente significative per Fe (r=0,687), Cu (r=0,675), Zn (r=0,635), Mn (r=0,656), Se (r=0,573), Co (r=0,795) e Mo (r=0,708). Non sono state rilevate relazioni tra le concentrazioni di elementi nel TMR e nei campioni di sangue. Le analisi di regressione hanno mostrato un adattamento lineare altamente significativo della distribuzione dei valori misurati intorno alle linee di regressione per l’intero intervallo di valori, compreso il punto zero. Sono stati calcolati valori di riferimento per le concentrazioni fecali di Cu, Zn, Mn, Se e Co. Per le concentrazioni fecali di Fe e Mo sono stati calcolati i limiti di tolleranza di riferimento nel TMR. Le concentrazioni di oligoelementi nei campioni di TMR riflettono la situazione dell’approvvigionamento nutrizionale. La conoscenza della situazione nutrizionale della mandria è di grande importanza per la gestione delle vacche da latte. L’analisi dei campioni fecali può essere utilizzata come alternativa all’esame del TMR per valutare la situazione dell’apporto nutrizionale.

Major burns develop acute trace element (TE) deficiencies due to exudative losses of copper, selenium, and zinc from the wounds. A repletion strategy has been shown to decrease infectious and surgical complications. The TE doses have been adapted over time and the last adaptation, was not followed by the expected changes. The study aims at identifying the causes of the failure.Retrospective cohort study including critically ill major burns patients admitted to intensive care with burns exceeding 20% of body surface area (BSA). Period A (2011-2015) included patients admitted before the dose change, and Period B patients after (2017-2020). Demographic variables, daily TE delivery, and weekly TE blood levels were extracted from the computerized information system (CIS).Altogether 71 patients completed the inclusion criteria (Periods A and B: 42 and 29 patients respectively). They were aged 38 (32) years and burned 35 (30) % BSA, with no severity differences. Comparing periods A and B, copper (p = 0.046) and selenium (p = 0.031) blood levels were significantly lower in B. The dose value extracted from CIS was as planned. Customization error was found: TE salts' weight had been entered instead of elemental weight in molar units.The lower TE repletion doses administered since 2017 resulted in a significant decrease in blood levels of Cu and Se. A CIS customisation error, confusing salt weight and elemental weight was the source of the error. A systematic quality control is crucial to identify systemic errors, as is the use of the standard international units.

Cancer cells undergo substantial metabolic alterations to sustain increased energy supply and uncontrolled proliferation. As an essential trace element, iron is vital for many biological processes. Evidence has revealed that cancer cells deploy various mechanisms to elevate the cellular iron concentration to accelerate proliferation. Ferroptosis, a form of cell death caused by iron-catalyzed excessive peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), is a promising therapeutic target for therapy-resistant cancers. Previous studies have reported that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a group of critical regulators involved in modulating cell metabolism, proliferation, apoptosis, and ferroptosis. In this review, we summarize the associations among iron metabolism, ferroptosis, and ferroptosis-related lncRNA in tumorigenesis. This information will help deepen understanding of the role of lncRNA in iron metabolism and raise the possibility of targeting lncRNA and ferroptosis in cancer combination therapy.

The (bio)availability of pharmaceuticals at solid/water interfaces is governed by their sorption, which determines their concentrations in groundwaters and surface waters in contact with biota, and can be affected by the presence of other contaminants such as metallic trace elements likely to compete for adsorption sites and form complexes with pharmaceuticals. We studied the adsorption of the pharmaceuticals propranolol and sotalol-two β-blockers-on one soil and one sediment using batch experiments to assess their (bio)availability. The influence of contact time, pH, and concentration was studied. As in the real environment these contaminants are not alone but in mixtures, and they were studied alone, simultaneously added, and in the presence of Cu

Актуальность изучения химического состава твердого осадка снегового покрова г. Усолье-Сибирского предопределили данные Минприроды России, приведенные в Государственном докладе «О состоянии и об охране окружающей среды Российской Федерации», которые показывают значительное ухудшение экологической обстановки в период с 2012 по 2017 гг. В 2020 г. Иркутская область заняла третье место среди регионов Сибири по промышленным выбросам в атмосферу. Отмечено пять самых загрязненных городов - Братск, Зима, Черемхово, Усолье-Сибирское и Шелехов, в которых, несмотря на применяемые в настоящее время более современные очистные сооружения, показатели загрязнения выросли по сравнению с предыдущим периодом. Особую актуальность работе придает тот факт, что на расстоянии всего 120 км от района исследования находится озеро Байкал - уникальный природный объект, отнесенный к Участкам Мирового Наследия. Река Ангара, вытекающая из оз. Байкал, - главный источник питьевой воды для населения прибрежных городов, протекает в непосредственной близости от зон сосредоточения промышленных производств. Цель: оценка экологического состояния воздуха г. Усолье-Сибирское по результатам снегогеохимического мониторинга и геоинформационного картирования. Обьекты: твердый осадок снегового покрова г. Усолье-Сибирского Иркутской обрасти. Методы. Химический состав твердого осадка снегового покрова определяли методом ISP-MS, анализ ртути проведен методом атомной абсорбции на спектрометре «РА-915+», минеральный состав твердого осадка снега определен рентгеноспектральным электронно-зондовым микроанализом. Результаты. Представлены результаты исследования минерального и микроэлементного составов твердого осадка снегового покрова в функциональных зонах г. Усолье-Сибирское. Идентифицированы химические элементы и минералы - маркеры техногенных источников загрязнения. С помощью ГИС выполнено картирование, результаты которого помогли выделить ореолы со слабой, средней и сильной степенью загрязнения. The relevance of studying chemical composition of solid sediment in snow cover of Usolye-Sibirskoe was predetermined by the data of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, given in the State Report «On the State and Environmental Protection of the Russian Federation», which show a significant deterioration of the environmental situation in the period from 2012 to 2017. In 2020 Irkutsk Region took the third place among the regions of Siberia in terms of industrial emissions into the atmosphere. Five of the most polluted cities - Bratsk, Zima, Cheremkhovo, Usolye-Sibirskoe and Shelekhov - were noted, in which, despite more modern treatment facilities currently used, pollution indicators increased compared. The work is particularly relevant due to the fact that Lake Baikal - a unique natural object classified as a World Heritage Site - is located at a distance of only 120 km from the research area. The Angara River flowing from the lake Baikal, the main source of drinking water for the population of coastal cities, flows in close proximity to industrial production areas. Objective: assessment of the ecological state of the air in Usolye-Sibirskoe based on the results of snow-geochemical monitoring and geoinformation mapping. Objects: solid sediment of snow cover in Usolye-Sibirskoe, Irkutsk region. Methods. Chemical composition of the solid sediment of the snow cover was determined by the ISP-MS method, mercury was analyzed by atomic absorption on the RA-915+ spectrometer, and the mineral composition of the solid snow sediment was determined by X-ray spectral electron probe microanalysis. Results.The paper presents the results of studies of mineral and microelement compositions of solid sediment of snow cover in the functional zones of Usolye-Sibirskoe. Chemical elements and minerals - markers of technogenic sources of pollution - have been identified. With the help of GIS, mapping was performed, the results of which helped to identify halos with a weak, medium and strong degree of contamination.

In this study, the anthropogenic contamination in Trasimeno lake (Central Italy) was investigated using three sediment cores spanning over the last 150 years (Anthropocene) to identify the primary sources of pollution and quantify the level of contaminant enrichment in the basin. First, based on the relative cumulative frequency and linear regression methods, we obtained a geochemical baseline for the lake using the deeper parts of the sediment cores. The geochemical baseline allowed us to determine the values of trace elements enrichment factors. On this knowledge, as a second result, we were able to reconstruct the natural sources and the anthropogenic impact on the lake with a biennial resolution. This goal has been obtained by combining different inorganic and organic chemical proxies such as trace elements, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and lead isotope ratios and exploiting both principal component and factor analysis to associate chemical proxies to human-driven contamination processes. Five different groups of elements have been identified, one of which is of natural origin and four of anthropogenic origin. In particular, it was possible to identify the times and impacts of the industrial activities during the Second World War, which dispersed heavy metals in sediments. Moreover, we found evidence of the recent human activities that have characterized the surroundings of the basin, such as Pb inputs related to the use of gasoline and the enrichment of certain elements generally used in agricultural activities (such as P, Cu, and Mn) due to the development of this sector in the last 40 years.

Cardiovascular damage could begin early in life. Our aim was to examine the current state of the art related to micronutrient supplementation on vascular health in obese and overweight children. We considered only the studies performed over the past few years.Vitamin D supplementation in the obese pediatric population with vitamin D deficiency could improve the vascular health of these subjects. The evidence is less clear on supplementation with other micronutrients. Zinc supplementation is currently the most supported by the literature.As of today, we can only speculate that supplementation with other micronutrients could improve the vascular health of obese and overweight children. Strong limitations are the different instrumental methods used to assess vascular health in obese children and adolescents under micronutrients supplementation. Actually, indirect indicators more reliable to evaluate vascular health seem to be lipid profile and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, there is a particular lack of studies in this area in recent years, especially in the pediatric population. Additional studies performed in this population should be pursued to clarify significant relationships between micronutrients and vascular health.

Objective: To describe serum levels of calcium, copper, selenium, magnesium, iron and zinc and evaluate their relationship with maternal socio-demographic characteristics and dietary variables in women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Method: Cross-sectional study with 1279 participants from the INMA cohorts. Results: The concentrations of the elements analyzed were within the normal range. Associations with higher levels of these metals were found for calcium with white meat intake (p = 0.026), for cop-per with excess body weight (p < 0.01), low social class (p = 0.03) and being multipara (p < 0.01), for magnesium with being over 35 years old (p = 0.001), high social class (p = 0.044), primiparous status (p = 0.002) and low daily intake of bread (p = 0.009) and legumes (p = 0.020); for zinc with university edu-cation (p = 0.039) and residence in Gipuzkoa (p < 0.01), and for selenium with residence in Valencia (p < 0.01), university education (p = 0.001), vitamin B6 supplementation (p = 0.006), fish intake (> 71 g/day) (p = 0.014) and having been born in Spain (p = 0.001). Further, lower iron levels were associated with being overweight (p = 0.021) or obese (p < 0.001) and vitamin B12 supplementation (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Our results suggest that trace elements in the analyzed cohorts are adequate for this stage of pregnancy. The variability in these elements is mainly linked to socio-demographic and anthropometric variables. This study is part of the INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente) project. It was supported by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS-FEDER: 06/0867, 09/00090, 13/1944, 16/1288, 19/1338; Miguel Servet-FEDER: CP15/0025; Miguel Servet-FSE: MS15/0025) , by the Council of Gipuzkoa (DFG15/009) and by the Health Department of the Basque Government.

Miniature energy storage devices simultaneously combining high energy output and bioavailability could greatly promote the practicability of green, safe, and nontoxic in vivo detection, such as for noninvasive monitoring or treatment in the gastrointestinal tract, which is still challenging. Herein, we report ingestible and nutritive zinc-ion-based hybrid micro-supercapacitors (ZMSCs) consisting of an edible active carbon microcathode and zinc microanode, which can be inserted into a standard-sized capsule and ingested in a pig stomach. With features including flexibility, light weight, and shape adaptability, a single microdevice displays a high energy density of 215.1 μWh cm

The concentrations of 29 elements in the soft tissues and of 24 elements in the shells of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected in one selected recreational and two relatively polluted zones were determined and are presented. The high levels of elements in the mussels from a relatively polluted zone of the harbor (Kamyshovaya Bay) could be associated with phytoplankton, terrigenous matter and anthropogenic sources, but did not harm the mussel population, according to the calculated average condition factors. The low levels of the studied elements and condition factors in the mussels from another harbor (Sevastopol Bay) can be explained by the high circulation and influence of submarine desalinated waters in this zone. The mussels from a recreational site in the South coast of Crimea (Foros) showed high levels of the examined elements, commonly due to the coastal weathering of typical local rocks. The found levels of the radionuclides 40K, 137Cs, 232Th, 226Ra and 235U in mussel soft tissues were below the minimum detectable concentrations. The calculated enrichment factors and soft tissue/shells ratios demonstrated differences between groups of elements among the studied sites.

Our study aims to determine the relationship between hepcidin, aquaporin (AQP-1), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) levels, and oxidative stress in the sera of seriously ill COVID-19 patients with invasive mechanical ventilation. Ninety persons with and without COVID-19 were taken up and separated into two groups. The first group included seriously COVID-19 inpatients having endotracheal intubation in the intensive care unit (n = 45). The second group included individuals who had negative PCR tests and had no chronic disease (the healthy control group n = 45). AQP-1, hepcidin, Zn, Cu, Fe, total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS) were studied in the sera of both groups, and the relations of these levels with oxidative stress were determined. When the COVID-19 patient and the control groups were compared, all studied parameters were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.01). Total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and AQP-1, hepcidin, and Cu levels were increased in patients with COVID-19 compared to healthy people. Serum TAC, Zn, and Fe levels were found to be lower in the patient group than in the control group. Significant correlations were detected between the studied parameters in COVID-19 patients. Results indicated that oxidative stress may play an important role in viral infection due to SARS-CoV-2. We think that oxidative stress parameters as well as some trace elements at the onset of COVID-19 disease will provide a better triage in terms of disease severity.

Congenital anomalies affect over 2% of pregnancies, with congenital heart disease (CHD) the most common. Understanding of causal factors is limited. Micronutrients are essential trace elements with key roles in growth and development. We aimed to investigate whether maternal micronutrient deficiencies increase the risk of fetal CHD through systematic review of published literature.We performed a systematic review registered at PROSPERO as CRD42021276699. Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched from their inception until September 7, 2021. Case control trials were included with a population of biological mothers of fetuses with and without CHD. The exposure was maternal micronutrient level measured in pregnancy or the postpartum period. Data extraction was performed by one author and checked by a second. Risk of bias assessment was performed according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network guidance. We performed a narrative synthesis for analysis.726 articles were identified of which 8 met our inclusion criteria. Final analysis incorporated data from 2,427 pregnancies, 1,199 of which were complicated by fetal CHD assessing 8 maternal micronutrients: vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate, vitamin A, zinc, copper, selenium, and ferritin. Studies were heterogenous with limited sample sizes and differing methods and timing of maternal micronutrient sampling. Definitions of deficiency varied and differed from published literature. Published results were contradictory.There is not enough evidence to confidently conclude if maternal micronutrient deficiencies increase the risk of fetal CHD. Further large-scale prospective study is required to answer this question.

Environmental contamination with Cadmium (Cd) is of great concern due to its hazardous effects on living organisms.Query In the present research, Leucaena leucocephala plants were exposed to Cd concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 mg/L to determine their potential use in Cd remediation. Different parameters including Cd uptake, macro/micronutrient content, chlorophyl, and catalase production were determined. Results indicated that Cd uptake by L. leucocephala roots did not show a significant difference between treatments. However, a significant increase in Cd content (Tukey´s HSD) was observed in stems as Cd levels in the media augmented. The highest Cd content (830 ± 20 mg/kg) was determined in stems of plants exposed to 15 mg/L Cd, and no Cd was detected in leaves. Data showed that as Cd concentration increased in the media, Ca, Mg, K, Zn, and Mn decreased. Moreover, while the presence of Cd reduced catalase activity in roots, chlorophyll production was not affected.

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is essential to the management of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critical illness. Unfortunately, large quantities of micronutrients are shown to be lost in CRRT effluent. Current literature describes serum micronutrient values in CRRT patients to be below-reference range, yet seldom compares such values to other critically ill populations unexposed to CRRT. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the prevalence of micronutrient and carnitine deficiencies in critically ill patients at high malnutrition risk exposed to CRRT to a group of patient unexposed to CRRT.A retrospective chart review was conducted at Duke University Hospital using the electronic medical record. The study group consisted of patients at high malnutrition risk requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission from 01/01/2017-12/31/2018 with one or more of the following serum micronutrient levels checked: carnitine, copper, zinc, selenium, and vitamins B1, B6, B9, and C. Micronutrient deficiencies were defined as below the reference range and carnitine deficiencies were interpreted as an acyl to free carnitine ratio (ACFR) of0.4.106 ICU patients met inclusion criteria and 46% were exposed to CRRT. At least one micronutrient deficiency was reported in 90% of CRRT patients compared to 61% patients unexposed to CRRT (p = 0.002). A greater percentage of copper (p 0.001) and carnitine (p 0.001) deficiencies were found among patients exposed to CRRT, while more zinc deficiencies were noted among non-CRRT patients (p = 0.001).The vast majority of CRRT patients presented with micronutrient deficiencies. Clinicians should have a heightened awareness of the risk for serum copper, carnitine, and vitamin B6 deficiencies among CRRT patients. Further prospective and randomized-controlled trials are needed to better define this new category of malnutrition and test supplementation strategies to address and prevent these clinically-relevant deficiencies.

Information on habitat use among highly migratory green sea turtles is especially important for effective conservation – especially in urban habitats. However, long migration distances between sea turtle feeding grounds and nesting beaches make these long-lived marine reptiles difficult to study. Combining techniques, such as skeletochronology with stable isotope values from annual bone growth layers, can help determine life history traits and movement patterns of sea turtles. For one component of my capstone project, I helped members of the Marine Turtle Ecology and Assessment Program at the NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center take inventory of the East Pacific (EP) population of green turtles in San Diego Bay. Along with fieldwork, I worked in NOAA’s Marine Turtle Demography Laboratory prepping samples for stable isotope analysis. Finally, I analyzed data collected by NOAA to evaluate if trace elements found in bones, such as barium (Ba), magnesium (Mg), and strontium (Sr), could also be used toreconstruct transitions between oceanic and coastal life stages in sea turtles. For my capstone deliverable, I combined geographic maps, satellite telemetry data, stable isotope data, skeletochronology data, narrative text, and multimedia content to share case studies of well-known EP green sea turtles in an interactive, dynamic, and meaningful way. The long-term data stored in the bones of sea turtles, along with the information gained from multiple captures over time, has helped reconstruct movement patterns of these highly migratory reptiles. Through my ArcGIS Storymap, I can share this conservation success story - to give people hope, to inspire action, and to ensure the protection and continued success of these turtles and their habitat. I hope the turtle stories bring curiosity, and a better understanding of the amazing science that is improving conservation efforts for sea turtles around the globe.

All organisms, fundamentally, are made from the same raw material, namely the elements of the periodic table. Biochemical diversity is achieved by how these elements are utilized, for what purpose, and in which physical location. Determining elemental distributions, especially those of trace elements that facilitate metabolism as cofactors in the active centers of essential enzymes, can determine the state of metabolism, the nutritional status, or the developmental stage of an organism. Photosynthetic eukaryotes, especially algae, are excellent subjects for quantitative analysis of elemental distribution. These microbes utilize unique metabolic pathways that require various trace nutrients at their core to enable their operation. Photosynthetic microbes also have important environmental roles as primary producers in habitats with limited nutrient supplies or toxin contaminations. Accordingly, photosynthetic eukaryotes are of great interest for biotechnological exploitation, carbon sequestration, and bioremediation, with many of the applications involving various trace elements and consequently affecting their quota and intracellular distribution. A number of diverse applications were developed for elemental imaging, allowing subcellular resolution, with X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM, XRF) being at the forefront, enabling quantitative descriptions of intact cells in a non-destructive method. This Tutorial Review summarizes the workflow of a quantitative, single-cell elemental distribution analysis of a eukaryotic alga using XFM.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common condition in worldwide with underlying causes. The role of trace elements such as copper and zinc in CKD is uncertain. We aimed to examine the relationship of serum copper and zinc with kidney function status and explore its possible effect modifiers in the general population.Data from 5353 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants from 2011 to 2016 were analyzed for the role of trace elements in the age range 18 to 80 years. The kidney outcomes were reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)60 mL/min/1.73 mFindings showed a significant positive association between serum copper and urinary ACR (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.00-1.07). Serum copper levels of 18.0 μmol/L (median) or higher (reference level18.0 μmol/L) were significantly associated with increased urinary ACR (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.21-2.31) after adjusting for confounding factors. In contrast, there was a significant inverse association between serum zinc and reduced eGFR (OR = 0.89,95% CI = 0.81-0.99). Where serum zinc level was greater than 12.3 μmol/L (median), the prevalence of reduced eGFR was lower (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.16-0.60). In addition, a stratified analysis based on various risk factors found that in those individuals with serum albumin greater than 43 g/L or systolic blood pressure greater than 120 mmHg, positive correlations between serum copper and risk of increased urinary ACR was more significant.Our findings suggest that the reference levels of serum copper and zinc levels in healthy individuals may be different from current understanding. If further studies substantiate the same, the results will be a useful guide for designing future clinical trials and nutritional guidelines.

Zinc (Zn), an essential trace element, can stimulate bone formation and inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption, which controls the growth and maintenance of bone. However, the effect of Zn supplementation on tricalcium phosphate (TCP) wear particles-induced osteolysis remains unknown. Here, we doped Zn into TCP particles (ZnTCP), and explore the protective effects of Zn on TCP particles-induced osteolysis in vivo. TCP particles and ZnTCP particles were embedded under the periosteum around the middle suture of the mouse calvaria. After 2 weeks, blood, the periosteal tissue, and the calvaria were collected to determine serum levels of Zn and osteocalcin, pro-inflammatory cytokines, bone biochemical markers, osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption area, and to explain its mechanism. Data revealed that Zn significantly prevented TCP particles-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone loss, and increased bone turnover. The Zn supplement remarkably suppressed the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. Immunoblotting demonstrated that Zn alleviated expression levels of ER stress-related proteins such as glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), phospho-PERK (p-PERK), eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), phospho-eIF2α (p-eIF2α), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1-α) and transcription factor X-box binding protein spliced (XBP1s), leading to decreasing the ratios of p-PERK/PERK and p-eIF2α/eIF2α. Taken together, Zn supplementation strongly prevents TCP particles-induced periprosthetic osteolysis via inhibition of the ER stress pathway, and it may be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of aseptic prosthesis loosening.

Metal hyperaccumulation is an exclusive evolutionary trait contributing to efficient plant defence against biotic stress. The defence can be based on direct metal toxicity or the joint effects of accumulated metal and organic compounds, the latter being based on integrated signalling networks. While the role of metals in biotic stress defence of hyperaccumulators has been intensively studied, their role in the pathogen immunity of non-accumulator plants is far less understood. New findings show that in metal non-hyperaccumulating plants, localized hot spots of zinc, manganese, and iron increase plant immunity, while manipulation of nutrient availability may be used for priming against subsequent pathogen attack. Recent findings on the role of metals in plant–pathogen interactions are discussed considering the narrow line between deficiency and toxicity, host–pathogen nutrient competition and synergistic effects of simultaneous metal and biotic stress. We discuss the suitability of the direct-defence and joint-effects hypotheses in non-hyperaccumulating plants, and the involvement of metals as active centres of immunity-related enzymes. We also consider future challenges in revealing the mechanisms underlying metal-mediated plant immunity.

The evidence about the association of the essential trace element (ETE) mixture with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) amongst older adults is limited. This study aims to evaluate the associations of single ETEs and the ETE mixture with the 10-year ASCVD risks and its predicting factors in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. A total of 607 community-dwelling older adults were included in this study. Blood levels of vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and selenium (Se) were assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The predicted 10-year ASCVD risk was calculated using the Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China (China-PAR) equations. Traditional linear regressions and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were used to assess the associations of single ETEs and the ETE mixture with the 10-year ASCVD risks and its predicting factors such as systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), diabetes, and waist circumference (WC). In linear regression models, blood Cr levels were negatively associated with the 10-year ASCVD risks after adjustment for covariates (β = - 0.07, 95% CI = - 0.11 ~ - 0.03); The 3th quartile (Q3) of Se levels was also associated with a lower 10-year ASCVD risks when compared with the lowest quartile (Q1) of Se levels (β

Previous researches have been conducted to study the associations of trace elements on Type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. The present study focuses on the evaluation of potential associations between trace elements and Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients with T2D, via the determination of their levels in human whole blood. 100 diabetes without complications, 75 prediabetes and 40 apparently healthy subjects were studied. The levels of eleven trace elements including lithium (Li), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr) and molybdenum (Mo) were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The levels of fasting glucose, HbA1c, Hemoglobin, lipid, liver function, kidney function, thyroid function and demographic data were obtained from the Laboratory Information System. Nonparametric correlation (Spearman) was used to analyze the relationship between trace elements and HbA1c. The contents of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn and Mo in diabetes increased comparing with the healthy subject while Li decreased. But the levels of Li, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Se and Mo negatively correlated with HbA1c in the diabetes subjects (r value: - 0.2189, - 0.2421, - 0.3260, - 0.2744, - 0.2812, - 0.2456, - 0.2240; 95% confidence interval - 0.4032 to - 0.0176, - 0.4235 to - 0.0420, - 0.4955 to - 0.1326, - 0.4515 to - 0.0765, - 0.4573 to - 0.0838, - 0.4266 to - 0.0458, - 0.4076 to - 0.0229; p 0.05, p 0.05, p 0.001, p 0.01, p 0.01, p 0.05, p 0.05). Accordingly, the contents of V, Cr, Mn and Se showed lower in HbA1c ≥ 7.0% group in contrast to HbA1c 7.0% group. No correlation of HbA1c (or FBG) and trace elements was found in the healthy subjects. Trace element levels and metabolic abnormalities of blood glucose may be mutually affected. The extra supplement of trace elements needs to be cautious.

Актуальность: изучение содержания растворенных форм микроэлементов в воде горно-таежных рек Нижнего Приамурья, дренирующих водосборы с рудопроявлениями олова и с гарями, появившихся после катастрофических пожаров в 1998 г. Цель: оценка содержания микроэлементов в воде малых рек бассейна р. Анюй, которые необходимы для объективной оценки экологического состояния поверхностных вод края и проведения эффективных водоохранных мероприятий. Объекты: горно-таежные водотоки бассейна р. Анюй (западный макросклон северного Сихотэ-Алиня, правобережный приток р. Амур в нижнем течении). Методы: фильтрование проб воды через мембранные фильтры с диаметром пор 0,45 мкм, подкисление азотной кислотой; определение концентрации микроэлементов в подготовленных пробах методом масс-спектрометрии с индуктивносвязанной плазмой на ICP-MS Agilent 7500cx в Центре коллективного пользования при ИВЭП ДВО РАН. Результаты. В период открытого русла в 2011-2016 гг. проведены гидрохимические исследования малых рек в бассейне р. Анюй, крупного правобережного притока р. Амур. В пробах воды горно-таежных рек определялись параметры основного солевого состава, содержание органического вещества. Наиболее детально проведено изучение содержания растворенных форм микроэлементов в воде малых рек в пределах разных ландшафтов: горных - основная масса изученных рек; горных в верхней части и равнинных в нижней части бассейна (р. Манома); заболоченных водосборов (рр. Мухе и Эльман). Полученные материалы позволяют оценить их концентрации, временные колебания и соотношения на различных участках бассейна. Отмечены повышенные концентрации растворенных форм Mn, Fe, Zn, Ba, Cu, Ni, Se в воде малых рек, дренирующих рудопроявление «Мопау». Установлено низкое содержание, сотые доли мкг на литр, Cd, Co, Pb, V в горной части бассейна. Отмечено влияние пирогенной деградации почвенного покрова вследствие лесных пожаров на формирование качества воды горных рек. Показано, что временные колебания содержания микроэлементов в первую очередь определяются гидрологической обстановкой на водосборе. Отмечена роль заболоченных таежных ландшафтов в равнинной части бассейна и увеличение содержания органического вещества в повышении геохимической подвижности Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, в меньшей степени Co, Al, V, за счет миграции в составе комплексных соединений с растворенным органическим веществом. The relevance of the study lies in the need to assess the content of trace elements in the water of mountain-taiga rivers of the Amur region draining catchments with burnt areas after the catastrophic fires of 1998 and tin ore occurrences. Objective: to assess the content of trace elements in the water of small rivers of the Anyu River basin, to identify the factors determining their variability. Objects: mountain-taiga watercourses in the Anyu River basin (right-bank tributary of the Lower Amur River). Methods: filtration of water samples through membrane filters with a pore diameter of 0,45 μm by acidifying with nitric acid; determination of trace elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry at the ICP-MS Agilent 7500cx in the Center collective use at the IWEP RAS. Results. The content of dissolved forms of trace elements in the water of taiga rivers of the Anyu River basin in 2011-2016 is characterized. The materials obtained allow us to estimate their values, temporal fluctuations and ratios in different sections of the basin. Increased concentrations of dissolved forms of Mn, Fe, Zn, Ba, Cu, Ni, Se associated with the geochemical features of the territory were found. It is shown that temporal fluctuations in the content are primarily determined by the hydrological situation in the watershed. The role of waterlogged taiga landscapes in the plain part of the basin and the increase in the content of organic matter on increasing the geochemical mobility of Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, to a lesser extent Co, Al, V due to migration as complex compounds with dissolved organic matter is noted.

The Caspian Sea is exposed to numerous anthropogenic activities such as untreated wastewater discharge and agricultural activities which increased trace metals contamination. The current study was employed to assess the distribution, ecological risk assessment, and source identification of some trace metals in 125 samples of surface sediments and soil from 6 distinctive sections of Babolsar in the coastal line of the Caspian Sea. The sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and individual risk assessment indices including enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (I

Even subtle modifications in growth conditions elicit acclimation responses affecting the molecular and elemental makeup of organisms, both in the laboratory and in natural habitats. We systematically explored the effect of temperature, pH, nutrient availability, culture density, and access to CO2 and O2 in laboratory-grown algal cultures on growth rate, the ionome, and the ability to accumulate Fe. We found algal cells accumulate Fe in alkaline conditions, even more so when excess Fe is present, coinciding with a reduced growth rate. Using a combination of Fe-specific dyes, X-ray fluorescence microscopy, and NanoSIMS, we show that the alkaline-accumulated Fe was intracellularly sequestered into acidocalcisomes, which are localized towards the periphery of the cells. At high photon flux densities, Zn and Ca specifically over-accumulate, while Zn alone accumulates at low temperatures. The impact of aeration was probed by reducing shaking speeds and changing vessel fill levels; the former increased the Cu quota of cultures, the latter resulted in a reduction in P, Ca, and Mn at low fill levels. Trace element quotas were also affected in the stationary phase, where specifically Fe, Cu, and Zn accumulate. Cu accumulation here depends inversely on the Fe concentration of the medium. Individual laboratory strains accumulate Ca, P, and Cu to different levels. All together, we identified a set of specific changes to growth rate, elemental composition, and the capacity to store Fe in response to subtle differences in culturing conditions of Chlamydomonas, affecting experimental reproducibility. Accordingly, we recommend that these variables be recorded and reported as associated metadata.

Selenium (Se), in the form of selenoproteins, is an essential micronutrient that plays an important role in human health and disease. To date, there are at least 25 selenoproteins in humans involved in a wide variety of biological functions, including mammalian development, metabolic progress, inflammation response, chemoprotective properties, and most notably, oxidoreductase functions. In recent years, numerous studies have reported that low Se levels are associated with increased risk, poor outcome, and mortality of metabolic disorders, mainly related to the limited antioxidant defense resulting from Se deficiency. Moreover, the correlation between Se deficiency and Keshan disease has received considerable attention. Therefore, Se supplementation as a therapeutic strategy for preventing the occurrence, delaying the progression, and alleviating the outcomes of some diseases has been widely studied. However, supranutritional levels of serum Se may have adverse effects, including Se poisoning. This review evaluates the correlation between Se status and human health, with particular emphasis on the antioxidant benefits of Se in metabolic disorders, shedding light on clinical treatment.

Molybdenum is an essential dietary trace element required for several critical enzyme systems. High intake is associated with toxicity in ruminants and animal studies. The proposed therapeutic use of molybdenum-based drugs poses a potential risk for accumulation through chronic administration of therapeutic doses of this element. The current experiment was designed to study the effect of daily dosing of a molybdenum compound, bis-choline tetrathiomolybdate (TTM), in Sprague Dawley rats using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-ToF-MS) and two dosing levels of TTM for up to 3 months. To investigate if molybdenum accumulation was associated with tissue toxicity, histopathology, haematology and clinical biochemistry markers of toxicity were incorporated into the study design. There were no behavioural signs of toxicity to the rats, and no clinical or anatomic pathology was associated with treatment. The current data did show a progressive accumulation of molybdenum within the adrenal gland, kidneys, liver, spleen, brain and testes. Although this was not associated with tissue toxicity within the 3-month study design, greater exposure over a longer period of time has the potential for producing adverse pathophysiological cellular function. Tissue toxicity, as a result of local excessive accumulation of molybdenum over time, has clear implications for the therapeutic use of molybdenum in humans and demands sensitive monitoring of tissue molybdenum levels to avoid toxicity. The current study highlights the shortcomings of conventional biomonitoring approaches to detect molybdenum accumulation with the goal of avoiding molybdenum-associated toxicity.

Species-specific hematological reference values are essential for diagnosis and treatment of disease and maintaining overall health of animals. This information is lacking for many species of elasmobranchs maintained in zoos and aquaria, thus reducing the effectiveness of care for these animals. Descriptive statistics and reference intervals were calculated for hematocrit and complete blood cell counts, biochemistry and protein electrophoresis parameters, trace minerals, vitamins, heavy metals, reproductive hormones, and fatty acids in the blood of 153 wild Sand Tigers Carcharias taurus of both sexes and a range of sizes caught in Delaware Bay (Delaware, USA). Mean hematocrit, total white blood cell counts, lymphocyte differentials, glucose, phosphorus, amylase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly higher in juveniles than in adults. Levels of estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and differences in selenium and eicosapentaenoic acid (a polyunsaturated fatty acid) between males and females suggest that they are important parameters for improving Sand Tiger breeding success in managed care. Finally, blood metal levels for arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury suggest low levels of contaminant exposure for Sand Tigers during their summer residence in Delaware Bay. The results of this study provide baseline health parameters for wild Sand Tigers that will aid in effective maintenance of aquarium animals and contribute to a greater understanding of the biology of these sharks and efforts to accomplish sustainable management of their populations.

A rapid determination method for emergency response to health crisis caused by metals in foods, was developed using microwave decomposition equipment and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The method was assessed for 18 elements (Al, As, B, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl and Zn) in 5 kinds of beverages and 7 kinds of foods. A single-laboratory method validation study was performed using food samples added with 20 mg/kg of each metal. Trueness was 88-108% and intralaboratory reproducibility was 0.2-11.3%. Time required for analysis was less than 3 hr. Thus, the presented method could be useful for rapid analysis of metals involved food poisoning cases.

The tropical mangrove at the Estação Ecológica do Lameirão (Southeastern Brazil), an ecosystem of high socio-economic value, receives a large load of pollutants from domestic, industrial, and agricultural sources. Samples of interstitial water, sediments, and crustacean specimens were collected at different periods and regions throughout the study area to measure the concentrations of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and tin (Sn) along the mangrove, as well as the bioaccumulation behavior in the crab Ucides cordatus. Subsequently, we correlated the accumulation of metals in U. cordatus with the concentrations of metals in the environment and physicochemical and climatic factors. Furthermore, we compared the bioconcentration factors (BFCs) of trace elements with the concentration levels obtained from the mangrove sediment. The fluctuation of rain and tide throughout the study period caused oscillations in the concentrations of trace elements. This condition induced bioconcentration records (BFC 1), influencing the bioaccumulation trend in U. cordatus. We also identified that the lowest metal concentration values in the sediment were close to the river, indicating that the rivers cause a dilution effect. Finally, we found that the hepatopancreas had the highest levels of bioaccumulated heavy metals, explained by its detoxifying ability. In females of U. cordatus, we found a slightly lower accumulation of trace elements when compared to males, possibly related to the high rate of ecdysis in females. Ucides cordatus is a species widely used for human consumption. Our results show that the mangrove environment influences the concentration of trace elements in this organism, which the authorities should consider in mapping safer fishing areas.

Postmortem chemical transformation of bone bioapatite can take place during early diagenesis, resulting in a more thermodynamically stable mineral phase. This paper examines the impact of a one year postmortem interval on unburnt and burnt bone's structural and chemical alterations. This question is of importance for the reconstruction of funerary practices involving cremation in the archaeological record, as well as forensic anthropological investigations. Fleshed pig (Sus scrofa) tibiae were left exposed in a field, then collected at 14, 34, 91, 180, and 365 day intervals prior to being burnt in an outdoor fire (≤750 °C bone temperature). Fresh (fleshed) tibiae acted as unburnt and burnt controls. Also included in the study were two cremated human bone fragments from Middle-Late Neolithic (ca. 3300-2500 BCE) Ireland. Samples were analyzed for major and trace elements using an electron microprobe wavelength dispersive analyzer and molecular structures using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Linear regression, principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis, and multivariate analysis of variance were performed for statistical analysis. Results indicate that the concentrations of elements associated with extracellular fluid (K, Na, and Cl) change with the postmortem interval (PMI) and survive burning. K values under 0.07 ± 0.01 wt% in the inner and mid-cortical zones of burnt bones suggest that bones were not burnt immediately after death. Using this criterion, results from the archaeological samples would indicate a PMI of at least weeks to months prior to cremation. Ca, P, Fe, Al, Si, and Sr are not significantly altered with burning, and Fe, Al, Si, and Sr are also unaffected by the PMI. In unburnt bones increased crystallinity and carbonate loss are detectable in

The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of inorganic and organic substances as well as microbial contaminants in bottled drinking water on a global scale. The findings were compared to WHO guidelines, EPA standards, European Union (EU) directive, and standards drafted by International Bottled Water Association (IBWA). Our review showed that 46% of studies focused on the organic contaminants, 25% on physicochemical parameters, 12% on trace elements, 7% on the microbial quality, and 10% on microplastics (MPs) and radionuclides elements. Overall, from the 54 studies focusing on organic contaminants (OCs) compounds, 11% of studies had higher OCs concentrations than the standard permissible limit. According to the obtained results from this review, several OCs, inorganic contaminants (IOCs), including CHCl

The water quality of Hong Kong's four water control zones (Tolo Harbour and Channel, Port Shelter, Victoria Harbour, and Junk Bay) is of vital importance and has attracted much attention. This study aims to more objectively and comprehensively assess the water quality and its health impact based on the four-year monitoring data of 21 parameters collected from four zones. First, physicochemical characteristics of the water system were investigated based on multivariate statistical approaches, including Kruskal-Wallis test, hierarchical cluster analysis, and Mann-Kendall test. Then, water quality levels over space and time and the element sources were analyzed using adaptive-weight water quality index (AWQI) method, and factor analysis, respectively. Finally, the potential harm of trace elements for humankind was identified based on the health risk assessment model. The results revealed that (1) the values of more than half of the water quality parameters exhibited significant interannual changes, and the values of all parameters distinctly varied over space; (2) The water quality status in four water control zones showed a steady and long-term improvement trend from 2016 to 2019; (3) The sources of pollution elements impacting water quality status were related to the comprehensive influence of human activities and natural processes; (4) The carcinogenic risks of all trace elements were negligible or acceptable, while Mn and As may cause noncarcinogenic harm to humankind.