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Education is one of the bases first for realizing ambition development economy and prosperity for whole citizens. In terms of this education is one determinant quality source of energy people and the position of education in the process of development is very important. Learning could increase on-site skills and productivity work share results best, and influence the development process economy of a country. Study this carried out at the Bogor State University PGRI. Study this use study quantitative. In research, this, step of methodological data analysis begins with an analysis of statistics descriptive, an analysis of location research, and an analysis path. Leadership is transformational (X1) for involvement professional (Y), coefficient path (y1) = 0.304, 2) Private value (X2) for involvement professional (Y), coefficient path (y2) = 0.231, 3) satisfaction work profession involvement (X3) (Y), coefficient path (y3) = 0.324, 4) convert leadership organization (X1) against satisfaction work (X3), value coefficient path (Beta 31) = 0.285, 5) value coefficient path (32) = 0.492, 6) destination work (X3) value private (X2). because of that, to increase participation professionals need to strengthen leadership transformative and value personal as a variable exogenous, with satisfaction work as a variable intervention. more...

The present study examined the associations of transformational leadership behaviors and team cohesion with the psychological health (life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, and burnout) of athletes and the indirect relationship of basic psychological needs. The sample consisted of 252 (boys) players aged between 13 and 15. The model data fit was also verified. The results demonstrated that the transformational leadership behaviors of coaches were indirectly related to athletes' psychological health. Team cohesion was related to athletes' psychological health both directly and indirectly. Basic psychological needs played an indirect role in these relationships. Transformational leadership and team cohesion have important implications for the healthy development of young people. more...

Głównym celem artykułu jest analiza transformacji stylu przywództwa głównych instytucji Unii Europejskiej (Rady Europejskiej, Komisji Europejskiej, Parlamentu Europejskiego) i jego wpływu na działania unijne, podejmowane w zakresie rewizji polityki wschodniej UE, do których doszło w następstwie nielegalnego pełnowymiarowego ataku Rosji na Ukrainę w dniu 24 lutego 2022 roku. W związku z powyższym szczególną uwagę poświęcono omówieniu kwestii ukraińskiej jako czynnika bezpośrednio wpływającego na zmianę pozycji głównych politycznych aktorów europejskich (zarówno indywidualnych, jak i zbiorowych) wobec roli UE jako siły strukturalnej w regionie Partnerstwa Wschodniego. Ponadto nacisk jest położony na główne kwestie wpływające na skuteczność procesów demokratyzacji w Ukrainie po wyborach parlamentarnych i prezydenckich 2019 roku. Kolejnym zadaniem jest ocena działań podejmowanych przez instytucje unijne w celu wsparcia procesów europeizacji w Ukrainie oraz przedstawienia możliwych kierunków współpracy w okresie post wojennym. The main purpose of the article is to analyze the transformation of the leadership style of the main institutions of the European Union (European Council, European Commission, European Parliament) and its impact on EU activities undertaken in the field of revision of the EU’s eastern policy, which took place in the aftermath of Russia’s illegal full-scale attack on Ukraine on February 24, 2022. In connection with the above, special attention was paid to discussing the Ukrainian issue as a factor directly affecting the change in the position of the main European political actors (both individual and collective) towards the role of the EU as a structural force in the Eastern Partnership region. In addition, emphasis is placed on the main issues affecting the effectiveness of democratization processes in Ukraine after the 2019 parliamentary and presidential elections. Another task is to assess the activities undertaken by EU institutions to support the Europeanization processes in Ukraine and to present possible directions of cooperation in the post-war period. more...

Despite the fact that the reliance on project teams and project-based organizations has significantly increased over the past decades, previous meta-analyses paid no attention to the examination of leadership styles in the context of projects. The purpose of this study was to meta-analytically synthesize and investigate the contradictory evidence on the effects of transformational leadership and transactional leadership on project success. The study also examined several project-level and country-level moderators in such effects. The study used 64 effect sizes from 41 primary studies on projects to examine the proposed relationships. The findings suggested that transformational leadership had a stronger effect on project success than transactional leadership. The results further indicated that project-level factors (i.e., project size and project type) moderated the relationships of leadership styles with project success. Moreover, the country-level factors (i.e., power distance, collectivism, and economic status of the country) also moderated some of the relationships. Theoretical and practical implications are provided in the end. more...

Purpose: This research aims to analyze the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment according to teachers' perceptions. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research was designed as descriptive and relational research and was conducted using the mixed method. The research population comprises 1757 middle and high school teachers working in the Kızıltepe district of Mardin province during the 2020-2021 academic year. The sample consists of 338 teachers. Findings: As a result of the research, it was revealed that school managers exhibited a very high level of transformational leadership characteristics according to teachers' opinions. It was found that the highest mean among the sub-dimensions belonged to the idealized influence dimension. While there was no significant difference between the independent variables, such as gender, age, level of employment, education level, and the time worked with the manager, a significant difference was found between the transformational leadership and the seniority variable. When the organizational commitment levels of the teachers were examined, it was found that their commitment was at a high level. Teachers stated that they were most emotionally committed to their organizations. There was no significant difference between teachers' organizational commitment and independent variables. When the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment was examined, medium-level and positive relationships were found at the general and sub-dimensions. Data obtained from interviews with teachers also support these results. In addition, the findings obtained from the interviews with the teachers within the scope of the qualitative part of the study support the findings obtained in the quantitative part. Highlights: As a result of the findings obtained from this research and the literature review, it can be concluded that transformational leadership positively affects teachers' organizational commitment. With the school manager's transformational leadership behaviors, the teachers' organizational commitment levels can be increased. more...

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Leaders are bestowed with the bigger responsibility of channelling all the efforts and activities of their subordinates towards achieving the organisational goals and objectives. Effective and supportive leadership determines the success or failure of the organisation. Management at all levels needs to understand that organisational performance, which is realised through an engaged workforce, is a direct consequence of how people are managed and led. This article investigates the influence of transformational leadership on employee engagement in a taxation organisation within the KwaZulu-Natal region DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The study utilised mixed methods to collect data. This means that both quantitative and qualitative data collection methodologies were utilised. From the quantitative data analysis aspect, 231 questionnaires were dispatched to the personnel in the organisation. Eighteen interviews were conducted FINDINGS: It was discovered that idealised influential leadership practices fostered teamwork and a collective sense of mission (purpose) and made employees feel valued. It was further found that the character of the leader was a very important attribute, as this considered their moral and ethical conduct RECOMMENDATIONS/VALUE: Based on the findings, it is recommended that organisations should make concerted efforts to become employee-centred and promote more employee engagement. If employees are happy and engaged, they will feel motivated, and this can increase their performance, which will inevitably improve organisational performance. It was further recommended that leaders could model healthy relationships and encourage staff to get to know each other by making time to socialise inside and outside of work MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: The idealised influence leadership style makes employees feel valued, and feeling valued makes them part of the team, and they are able to contribute meaningfully to decision-making and direction. Idealised influence promotes trust, and when employees are trusted, their levels of engagement improve. It also promotes job satisfaction JEL CLASSIFICATION: M12 more...

Today's increasingly digitalized world has paved the way for the implementation of new leadership styles with the increasing competition. In this context, transformational leaders who are the representatives of change come to the fore, and transformational leaders create a common vision with the employees and guide them to increase their performance. In this study, it is aimed to determine the mediating role of organizational commitment in the effect of transformational leaders, with whom employees are in contact while working in the business environment, on the innovative behavior tendencies of the employees. Within the scope of the research universe, it was planned to apply an online questionnaire to 350 people working in the retail sector in İstanbul and Bandırma, and an online questionnaire was applied to 332 people working in the retail sector. As a result of the analyzes applied, it was determined that organizational commitment plays a partial mediating role in the effect of transformational leadership on the innovative behavior tendencies of the employees. However, the fact that the mediating role of organizational commitment in the relationship between transformational leadership and innovative behavior is not examined in the literature highlights the importance of this study. Purpose: In the study, it is aimed to determine the mediating role of organizational commitment in the effect of transformational leaders on the innovative behavior tendencies of the employees. Methodology: In the study, an online questionnaire study was applied to the employees who continue their work activities by using simple random sampling method. Results: As a result of the study, it was determined that organizational commitment has a partial mediating role in the effect of transformational leadership on the innovative behavior tendencies of the employees. Originality: The fact that the mediating role of organizational commitment in the relationship between transformational leadership and innovative behaviors of employees is not examined in the national and international literature makes this study unique and important., Günümüzün giderek dijitalleşen dünyası, rekabetin giderek artmasıyla birlikte yeni liderlik tarzlarının uygulanmasına zemin hazırlamıştır. Bu kapsamda değişimin temsilcisi olan dönüşümcü liderler ön plana çıkmaktadır ve dönüşümcü liderler, işgörenler ile ortak vizyon oluşturarak işgörenlerin performanslarını yükseltmeleri için yol göstermektedirler. Bu çalışmada, işgörenlerin iş ortamında çalışırken iletişim halinde olduğu dönüşümcü liderlerin işgörenlerin inovatif davranış eğilimleri üzerindeki etkisinde örgütsel bağlılığın aracılık rolünün belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma evreni kapsamında, İstanbul ve Bandırma’da perakende sektöründe çalışan 350 kişiye online anket uygulanması planlanmış ve perakende sektöründe çalışan 332 kişiye online anket çalışması uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan analizlerin sonucunda dönüşümcü liderliğin işgörenlerin inovatif davranış eğilimleri üzerindeki etkisinde örgütsel bağlılığın kısmi aracılık rolünü üstlendiği belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte literatürde dönüşümcü liderlik ile inovatif davranış arasındaki ilişkide örgütsel bağlılığın aracılık rolünün irdelenmemesi, bu çalışmanın önemini vurgulamaktadır. Amaç: Çalışmada, dönüşümcü liderlerin işgörenlerin inovatif davranış eğilimleri üzerindeki etkisinde örgütsel bağlılığın aracılık rolünün belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Metodoloji: Çalışmada, çalışma faaliyetini sürdüren işgörenlere basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak online anket çalışması uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmanın sonucunda, dönüşümcü liderliğin işgörenlerin inovatif davranış eğilimleri üzerindeki etkisinde örgütsel bağlılığın kısmi aracılık rolü olduğu belirlenmiştir. Özgünlük: Ulusal ve uluslararası literatürde dönüşümcü liderlik ile işgörenlerin inovatif davranışları arasındaki ilişkide örgütsel bağlılığın aracılık rolünün irdelenmemesi, bu çalışmayı özgün ve önemli kılmaktadır more...

This study was to investigate the mediating role of teachers’ trust in the relationship between transformational leadership of school leaders and teachers’ self-efficacy among public school teachers in the Magsaysay North and South Districts. A stratified random sampling technique was used, which included 315 teachers as respondents. Through non-experimental quantitative mediation analysis utilizing path analysis, validated questionnaire, mean, regression techniques, and Pearson r, results showed significant relationships between transformational leadership of school heads and self-efficacy of teachers. There was no mediation on the impact of teachers’ trust on the connection between transformational leadership and teachers’ self-efficacy in public school teachers. Thus, teachers’ trust is not one of the causes why transformational leadership of school heads can influence teachers’ trust in public school teachers. It cannot account for the relationship between the two variables. more...

Research that combines dark triad traits and positive leadership styles or outcomes is welcome but still scarce. A quasi-experimental study investigated the mediating role of transformational leadership in linking dark triad leader traits with followers’ extra effort, leadership effectiveness, satisfaction with a leader and the moderating role of culture to these relationships. The moderated mediation model was tested with data from 189 respondents (109 from Lithuania and 80 from Turkey). Participants were asked to answer sociodemographic questions, read one out of five scenarios with hypothetical leaders, and rate those leaders with Dirty Dozen and Multifactor Leadership Questionnaires. Results showed that transformational leadership mediated the relationships for dark triad leader traits with followers’ extra effort, leadership effectiveness and satisfaction with a leader. Conditional indirect effects of a leader’s dark triad traits on three leadership outcomes (followers’ extra effort, leadership effectiveness and satisfaction with a leader) were significant only for Lithuanians. Negative traits were related to less positive outcomes through lower transformational leadership. This effect was stronger in the Lithuanian sample., Istraživanja koja kombiniraju osobine tamne trijade i pozitivne stilove ili ishode vodstva poželjna su, ali još uvijek rijetka. Medijatorska uloga transformacijskoga vodstva u povezivanju osobina tamne trijade kod vođe s dodatnim naporima sljedbenika, učinkovitošću vodstva i zadovoljstvom vođom te moderirajuća uloga kulture u tim odnosima provjerena je kvazieksperimentalnim nacrtom. Model moderirane medijacije testiran je s podacima prikupljenima na 189 ispitanika (109 iz Litve i 80 iz Turske). Sudionici su odgovorili na sociodemografska pitanja, pročitali jedan od pet scenarija s opisom hipotetskih vođa i ocijenili vođe pomoću upitnika Prljavih dvanaest i Višefaktorskoga upitnika rukovođenja. Prema dobivenim je rezultatima transformacijsko vodstvo posredovalo u odnosima osobina tamne trijade kod vođe s dodatnim naporima sljedbenika, učinkovitošću vodstva i zadovoljstvom vođom. Uvjetni neizravni učinci osobina tamne trijade kod vođe na tri ishoda vodstva (dodatni napori sljedbenika, učinkovitost vodstva i zadovoljstvo vođom) bili su značajni samo za Litavce. Negativne osobine bile su povezane s manje pozitivnim ishodima kroz niže transformacijsko vodstvo. Taj je učinak bio jači u uzorku sudionika iz Litve. more...

As organizations increasingly view information as one of their most valuable assets, which supports the creation and distribution of their products and services, information security will be an integral part of the design and operation of organizational business processes. Yet, risks associated with cyber attacks are on the rise. Organizations that are subjected to attacks can suffer significant reputational damage as well as loss of information and knowledge. As a consequence, effective leadership is cited as a critical factor for ensuring corporate level attention for information security. However, there is a lack of empirical understanding as to the roles strategic leaders play in shaping and supporting the cyber security strategy. This study seeks to address this gap in the literature by focusing on how senior leaders support the cyber security strategy. The authors conducted a series of exploratory interviews with leaders in the positions of Chief Information Officer, Chief Security Information Officer, and Chief Technology Officer. The findings revealed that leaders are engaged in both transitional, where the focus is on improving governance and integration, and transformational support, which involves fostering a new cultural mindset for cyber resiliency and the development of an ecosystem approach to security thinking. Managerial relevance statement Our findings provide interesting insights for managers particularly those in the role of Chief Information Officers (CIOs), Chief Security Information Officers (CSIOs), and Chief Technology Officers (CTOs). We propose a Cyber Security Strategy Framework (CSSF) which can be used by these information/technology managers to design an effective organizational strategy to develop cyber resilience in their organization. Our framework suggests that managers should focus on transitional and transformational support. The transitional support focuses on improving governance and integration whereas transformational support focuses on the emphasis of fostering a new cultural mindset for cyber resiliency and the development of an ecosystem approach to security thinking. Our findings provide good evidence showing how leaders can support more effective cyber security initiatives. more...

This study aims to investigate the relationship between transformational leadership and transactional leadership, as a job resource and contextual performance as a work outcome, mediated by work engagement and moderated by trait mindful awareness as a personal resource. Some researchers highlight work engagement as a mediating mechanism between job resources and individual outcomes, while others suggest that personal resources may improve employees’ awareness of the job resources around them and, in turn, improve their performance. Notably, empirical evidence shows that the moderation of trait mindful awareness is not synergistic, but compensatory, along with the “substitutes for leadership theory.” Data were collected from employees in the United States via the online Amazon Mechanical Turk platform. A total of 282 respondents were randomly assigned to one of two vignettes—one reflecting transformational and one reflecting transactional leadership. The findings revealed that the positive relationship between transformational leadership and contextual performance is partially mediated by work engagement. Mindful awareness significantly strengthens the relationship between transformational leadership and work engagement. This study contributes to the literature by providing further empirical evidence on the inconclusive contextualization of mindful awareness as a personal resource. more...

Many local authorities are governed by a dual governance structure involving a political governing board and a chief administrative officer (CAO). The question if both strategic actors should collaborate has been long debated. The politics-administration dichotomy perspective advocates independence, while the complementarity view eulogizes interdependence. But, what is the appropriate level of governing board involvement during strategy implementation? We use data of 96 Flemish local authorities’ CAOs to investigate if specific strategic board role behaviours (SBRBs) stimulate governing board-CAO information sharing and, subsequently, foster strategy implementation effectiveness. Results confirm the relevance of overseeing SBRB in combination with information sharing. more...

Resumen. Esta investigación replica el estudio de la influencia de los estilos de liderazgo en el comportamiento innovador de cadetes peruanos de Norena-Chavez et al. (2021), esta vez con oficiales de la Escuela Superior de Guerra del Ejército del Perú. Se empleó una muestra aleatoria de 103 oficiales de mandos medios. Los datos se evaluaron mediante el modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales utilizando mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM). Se encontró una influencia estadísticamente significativa de los estilos de liderazgo estudiados sobre el comportamiento innovador de los oficiales, aunque con una mayor influencia mostrada por el estilo de liderazgo transformacional respecto al liderazgo transaccional. Esta investigación contribuye a profundizar la comprensión de la relación de los estilos de liderazgo y del comportamiento innovador en el ámbito militar. Abstract. This research replicates the study of the influence of leadership styles on the innovative behavior of Peruvian cadets by Norena-Chavez et al. (2021), this time with officers from the Escuela Superior de Guerra del Ejército del Perú, involving a random sample of 103 middle command officers. The data were evaluated by structural equation modeling using partial least squares (PLS-SEM). A statistically significant influence of the leadership styles studied on the innovative behavior of the officers was found, with a higher influence shown by the transformational leadership style than transactional leadership. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between leadership styles and innovative behavior in the military. more...

Executives in family firms are often confronted with emotionally loaded issues, in part due to the need to include the interests of the owning family. Given this context, we hypothesize how high family-firm performance is affected by the emotional intelligence (EI) of a family-based CEO and top-management team (TMT), in addition to the CEO's transformational leadership (TFL) and TMT's behavioral integration. Survey measures were taken from a random sample of 72 CEOs of German family firms and 245 members of their TMTs. We found that TMT behavioral integration mediates between CEO TFL and objective firm performance while CEO EI is significantly related to both CEO TFL and TMT EI. Implications are discussed for future research thereby suggesting an extension to upper-echelon theory. more...

During the past quarter-century, digital technologies-based innovations for creating, communicating, and delivering products of value to customers have significantly risen in importance to the competitiveness of firms. Digital technologies-based innovations have been transformational in numerous ways, such as their impact on firms’ marketing behaviors, consumers’ search and buying behaviors, and the structural characteristics of markets and industries. Against this backdrop, this article provides a perspective on the evolution of research and practice in digital product innovations and digital marketing innovations. Specifically, the article focuses on (a) innovations for the greater good in the domain of the former and (b) direct and mediated communications through social media platforms and omnichannel marketing in the domain of the latter. In respect of each of the above, the article provides an overview of the evolution and current state of the field, highlights certain current issues and the trajectory of the field, and proposes directions for future research. more...

In 2000, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) published To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System, highlighting medical errors resulting from failure in perception, assumption, and communication. The handover process is a high-risk activity prone to the communication vulnerabilities described in the IOM report. The handover project started as a 3-month pilot with plans to expand to the entire facility. The handover education had 4 elements: questionnaire, presentation, video, and simulation. Compliance with the new process was measured using audits completed by the unit managers. Sixty-four registered nurses on 2 acute units were educated by nurse champions. After a successful implementation, the surge of COVID-19 patients in spring of 2020 required us to adjust expectations regarding bedside handover. As the number of hospitalized COVID patients began to decrease, we reinvigorated the project and re-established the expectation that handover be performed at the bedside. A post-questionnaire was completed after implementation and revealed more favorable responses toward bedside handover. We also saw improvements in our patient satisfaction scores (Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems [HCAHPS]). With direct observation and a checklist, we were able to return to the practice of bedside handover following the surge of COVID-19 patients. As a direct result of the bedside RN involvement, we created and implemented a handover process that prioritized nursing needs and concerns. Our implementation of this evidence-based practice enhanced patient experience and improved safety. Through education, observational audits, and use of a checklist, we were able to re-establish the expectation and practice of handover being completed at the bedside. more...

The performance of a company is affected by several variables and understanding them and knowing how they work is decisive for management. Therefore, this research aims to address and measure how transformational leadership impacts the employees work. To test the conceptual model, we used survey data from 174 active workers. Data was analyzed using PLS-SEM. Our results reveal that leaders who adopt a Transformational approach allow workers to be more autonomous in their work, the autonomy leverage the existence of efficiency in tasks and processes. Efficiency is also reached through cost savings, which translates into a reduction of unproductive work time. Furthermore, results indicate the mediating effect of efficiency and employee autonomy on the relation between transformational leadership and cost savings and between transformational leadership and unproductive work time. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion more...

This article offers a framework for critically examining the structures, policies, norms, practices, and values that shape the Urology Match as a foundation for interventions to improve diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice in the workforce. Points of leverage for transformational change in the urology workforce diversification include modifying the structure of the urology application process, optimizing reviewer factors, addressing Under-Represented in Medicine applicant experience, providing resources to applicants, and evaluating selection criteria. To achieve an inclusive diverse urology workforce, we must change policy and practice, expand what we include in the norm, which will translate into increased value ascribed to a more varied cohort of applicants, leading to the establishment of structures that accommodate true diversity. more...

The Indonesian economy will face a world economic crisis. It is predicted that there will be a wave of mass layoffs when facing the global recession in 2023. In addition, today's world has changed rapidly and has entered a new environment. The purpose of this study is to examine how transformational leadership influences work engagement with meaning in work as mediation among Company employees in Salatiga City. The important thing about this research is that it can expedite the company's activities in dealing with economic recession, environmental changes and post-pandemic Covid 19. This scientific study was conducted on the workforce working in the City of Salatiga based on the Central Bureau of Statistics for the City of Salatiga, totalling 103,979 people. Due to limitations, this study's sampling was carried out using calculations with the Slovin formula with a sample size of 100 employees. The sampling method uses a probabilistic sampling method, which equals the probability that each element (member) of the population will be selected as a member of the sample. Sampling using simple random sampling, namely the collection of sample members and the population, is done randomly without regard to the layers in the population. The data analysis technique to answer the research hypothesis uses the Smart Partial Least Square (PLS) tool. The results showed that transformational leadership statistically has a positive and significant effect on work engagement, transformational leadership statistically has a positive and significant effect on meaning in work, meaning in work has a statistically positive and significant effect on work engagement, and transformational leadership has a statistically positive and significant effect on work engagement mediated by meaning in work more...

The organizational structure of a company is crucial to its success. The investment and considerable human resource assistance make the institution's accomplishments successful and efficient. Also, the organization’s long-term success and ability to keep producing high-quality results depend on its leaders and employees. Employing the correlational method, the main problem of this study is to assess the impact of the principals’ leadership practices on the teachers’ sense of efficacy and job satisfaction. The researcher used cluster random sampling in Public Secondary Schools in Santa Maria, Bulacan with 386 respondents. The study's findings revealed that the transformational leadership and transactional leadership styles were average across all six schools. Thus, the teachers' perceptions of their efficacy were strong and both the intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction are high. Furthermore, multiple linear regression revealed that both the principal’s transformational and transactional leadership styles significantly affect the sense of efficacy and job satisfaction of the teachers. Hence, in accordance with the purpose of DM 192's "School Heads Development Program," the research advises that school leaders are urged to continue their leadership activities and potentially enhance their leadership styles by attending seminars and workshops. This would contribute to the empowerment of their teachers' well-being, hence enhancing their school performance and job satisfaction. Finally, implications and recommendations were discussed. more...

The subject of erotic transference and countertransference is rarely addressed in our training, supervision, or journals. In this chapter, the author proposes that by underestimating the significance of these dynamics we are doing ourselves, our clients, and our profession, a considerable disservice. At the very least one will miss valuable clinical opportunities for change and at the very worst one is discounting the potential for psychological damage to those who come to them in a vulnerable state, seeking help. The author begins the chapter with some personal experiences to highlight how and why the erotic seems to be so threatening. The author sets the notion of the erotic transference in its historical context and, drawing on the work of Gabbard, explores the most likely reasons for sexual transgressions. The author concludes with the importance of recognizing the inherent transformational potential of the erotic and finally suggest a model he have developed, based on relational methodology and techniques. more...

Current research paper aimed to investigate determinants of employee’s innovative work behavior in export SMEs. The general problem in some export SMEs was a lack of knowledge implementation and employee innovation to provide problem-solving. It employed a quantitative method with administered questionnaires distributed to 177 employees of the exporting SMEs. The research data were evaluated using SmartPLS 3.2.7. The result shows that transformational leadership was notably associated to organizational commitment, knowledge sharing, as well as innovative work behavior. Also, organizational commitment and knowledge sharing are double mediators between transformational leadership and innovative work behavior. There are some limitations of this research paper, such as the bias effects of using a self-assessment report. The possible implication is that managers need to understand the relationship between variables, particularly mediating mechanisms, to provide insightful information for enhancing positive leadership performance and innovation capability – the originality point toward a mediating linkage of transformational leadership and innovative work behavior. The research paper enrich to a body of knowledge where innovative work behavior was influenced by leadership style and behavior and predictors of organizational behavior. more...

Setting Nonoptimized medication therapies (NOMTs) are associated with likely avoidable illnesses and mortality affecting millions of people and costing an estimated $528 billion per year in excess health spending in the United States. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought into focus barriers limiting the ability of U.S. pharmacists and pharmacies to provide services that can reduce NOMTs and improve U.S. population health. Objectives This National Science Foundation Center for Health Organization Transformation study explored potential strategies that U.S. pharmacists, pharmacies, and their partners could implement to reduce NOMTs while also delivering other forms of value to U.S. populations from 2021 to 2025 (during and after the COVID-19 pandemic). Design A panel of senior leaders representing the U.S. pharmacist and pharmacy sector participated in a 4-round Delphi process to identify unmet needs, barriers, change drivers, and priority strategies for meeting those needs. Data were gathered and analyzed by public health researchers, most of whom are outside the pharmacist and pharmacy sector. Results A comprehensive set of evidence-based strategies with potential to reduce NOMTs, protect and improve population health and well-being, and strengthen the sector were identified. Four transformational strategies were recommended: comprehensive payment and practice transformation, strengthening pharmacy data interoperability infrastructure, development of unifying measurement and management mechanisms, and development of a more robust national research infrastructure. Strengthening health equity was a cross-cutting strategy affecting all areas. Conclusion The results may be of interest to policy makers, pharmacists, pharmacies, physicians, nurses and other clinicians, pharmaceutical firms, plan sponsors, plans, health systems, clinics, aging care, digital technology companies, and others interested in optimizing outcomes from medications and related therapies for U.S. populations. more...

Today language studies are one of the most popular international practices, both for everyday purposes and academic reasons. That is why development and implementation of reliable tools and methods for testing and assessment of language proficiency have become an important goal for instructors and linguists across the globe. To promote a universal understanding of the concepts in this area of knowledge there should exist a comprehensive terminology system of testing and assessment. Borrowing of terms from a more developed terminology system has become a common practice, but whether it always brings satisfactory results remains to be seen. This research paper aims at describing the techniques of integrating English language testing and assessment terms into Russian. In order to establish those techniques we conducted the comparative analysis of the most frequently used English terms on language testing and assessment based on their appearance in specialized texts on the subject and their Russian equivalents. The analysis procedure involved examining the phonetic and orthographic form, definitions and contextual usage of both the original terms and their equivalent borrowed into Russian language. Based on that, we can point out the most productive ways of transferring these terms into Russian, in particular, using calques, half-calques and transformational translation. Those methods prove to be effective in terms of securing the transparency of the meaning and providing a universal understanding of the concepts behind the terms which is necessary for successful communication of the experts in the field on international level and development of valid testing instruments. Nevertheless, integration of some terms is less successful due to the significant discrepancies in meaning between the original and borrowed terms leading to misunderstanding and potentially faulty testing and assessment practices. Therefore, the subject matter of borrowing terms in the abovementioned area shall be addressed in a more thorough fashion, and there should be more studies conducted on this issue. more...

Over the last 2 years, nursing leaders have operated in a fluid and disruptive environment, constantly adapting to changes in the workplace. The global pandemic challenged these leaders on various fronts: workforce, technology, and regulatory, threatening the status quo of traditional orderly change. Factors external to organizations and a highly contagious disease were forcing rapid hourly and daily changes. Today, nursing leader skills are also morphing, requiring a revisit of the competencies needed for visionary leadership. Traditional models of leadership need to shift from transformational to disruptive. This article reviews and offers suggestions for competencies needed in the future by nurse leaders. more...

The present study explores one of the biggest causes of the lack of organizational knowledge creation: knowledge hiding (KH). KH can be provoked by the deviant and detached behaviours of leaders and/or the motivations of employees. In this context, leaders assume a key role in reducing the effect of KH. Through the lens of transformational leadership (TL), a sample of 758 European SMEs with a total number of 2,232 employees operating in a knowledge-intensive sector is investigated. The scope is to evaluate the correlation between the three main characteristics of transformational leadership (i.e., trust, a collaborative environment, and the involvement of employees) and the phenomenon of KH through a logistic regression analysis. It emerges that TL can influence the organizational context and redefine the behaviours related to KH. In addition, empathic leadership can provide added value for companies since a collaborative environment and common objectives reduce the level of KH. more...

Emerging evidence documents that entrepreneurs’ transformational leader behaviors exert positive influences on ventures and followers. However, knowledge of antecedents of such effective leadership and associated consequences on entrepreneurs themselves is sorely lacking. Moreover, leader behaviors are considered dynamic and affected by transient factors. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, this study demonstrates a resource threat, loss, and gain process by exploring how transformational leader behaviors manifest across stressful contexts, thus impacting their well-being, utilizing a time-lag design. Results revealed that exposure to entrepreneurial stressors and heightened reactivity to them has negative, indirect effects on well-being by impairing leader behaviors. Further, there are individual differences regarding how experienced and nascent entrepreneurs react to stressful experiences, subsequently affecting leader behaviors and well-being. We consider the theoretical and practical implications of these findings. more...

The ANCC Magnet Recognition Program® provides a framework for creating a culture of nursing excellence. Organizations seeking Magnet® designation and subsequent redesignations must create structures and processes to aid in the sustainment of excellence despite challenges that arise such as a pandemic. In this article, we offer strategies for nurse leaders to position their organizations for sustained excellence through enculturation of 3 threads: authentic, transformational leadership; nurse empowerment through strong professional governance structures; and peer engagement strategies that generate energy and enthusiasm. Implementation of these strategies was instrumental to achieving 2 redesignations for the health system. more...

Phase noisehas become the single most critical factor to be addressed in the design of modern communication systems. Facing the challenging requirements of 5G cellular communication, our paper describes a new theoretical framework to calculate the phase noise of LC oscillators, relying on easy to implement closed form solutions for phase noise calculations. Using closed form phase noise solutions enables oscillator designers to easily implement multiple phase noise calculation options for a number of oscillator circuits, which would be very difficult to implement with the existing mathematically complex phase noise theories. The analytic methods of our theory rely on modeling all real oscillators as having non-ideal or latent behaviors in addition to their primary nature for generating a carrier wave operating at a single frequency with a single amplitude. It is a cascade of these non-ideal transformation processes that produce non-ideal oscillator outputs containing the phase noise sidebands. Enhanced qualitative and quantitative insights into oscillator phase noise performances are achieved by using this approach. We validate our methods by comparing their results with phase noise simulations carried out for a sample CMOS LC voltage-controlled oscillator in 90 nm RFCMOS process using SpectreRF simulator. The results for the oscillator's output 1/f2 thermal phase noise, 1/f noise upconversion into 1/f3 phase noise and the 1/f3 corner frequency of phase noise spectrum using our theory yields −136 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset, −21.3 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset and 2.6 MHz respectively. The corresponding values obtained with SpectreRF simulation are −135.9 dBc/Hz, −23.4 dBc/Hz and 2.1 MHz. The carrier frequency is 5.4 GHz with output power of 9.78 dBm. more...

Many school boards have been developing Indigenous frameworks and funding Indigenous programming as a response to the 94 “Calls to Action” published by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (2015). The actions of these school boards are a form of reconciliation. Within the Southern Alberta School Board (SASB, a pseudonym), there are strong policies in place that support Indigenous students; these policies ensure the students never have to experience the unfair treatment that past generations did through the residential school system. Teachers in this school board are also supported through professional development programs to improve their practice. However, these professional development opportunities are typically one day events run by an expert, with the expectation that the teacher will then be able to apply what was given with little to no trouble. This Organizational Improvement Plan (OIP) will focus on Crowfoot Elementary School (CES), a school that recently experienced a large turnover of teachers. These new teachers were culturally different from the Indigenous students that they came to be teaching; therefore, they were not equipped with the best strategies to manage negative behaviours exhibited by the students due to inter-generational trauma. This OIP will look to increase the capacity for teachers new to Indigenous settings to take control of their own professional development. This will be achieved by drawing from culturally relevant leadership and trauma informed practices that are connected to transformational leadership. These styles are affiliated with Indigenous knowledge through their connections to agency, collegiality, reconciliation, and decolonization. Key words: New teachers, decolonization, professional development, transformational leadership, culturally relevant leadership, trauma informed practice, Indigenous more...

The main aim of this study is to determine the level of characteristics of the leaders of ECSD Design + Build in relation with the eight characteristics of a transformational leadership. A quantitative method used to analyze the current study. 30 workers were involved in this study to assess their leaders which consist of one architect and two engineers. The results revealed that the highest value level out of eight characteristics was performer which averaged to 6.64. The highest trait for the architect leader was being energetic which results to a score of 6.74 while both engineers produced the highest characteristic which is being a performer and it produces a score of 6.63 and 6.98, respectively. more...

The study examined Emotional Intelligence and Transformational Leadership in Juhel Pharmaceutical Company in Enugu State. The objectives of the study were to: examine the relationship between self-awareness and intellectual stimulation measured by subordinates’ perception of leaders; and the relationship between relationship management and idealized influence. A descriptive survey was adopted. Mean and standard deviation was used to analyze the data. To confirm the significance of the correlation between variables, Pearson correlation analysis was performed. The study revealed that self-awareness had a positive relationship with the intellectual stimulation of employees of pharmaceutical firms in the Enugu state and that relationship management had a positive relationship with idealized influence. Conclusively, to be effective, leaders must have a solid understanding of how their emotions and actions affect the people around them. It was recommended that the pharmaceutical company should improve its self-awareness strategy in order to improve employees’ dedication which will enable intellectual stimulation on the performance of employees, while efficiently delivering outstanding results embark on relationship management and idealized influence. more...

วารสารนวัตกรรมการศึกษาและการวิจัย, 7, 1, 202-216

AU-GSB e-Journal, 16, 1, 182-192

Interdisciplinary Academic and Research Journal, 3, 2, 635-646

Transformational leadership, which is said to raise the level of motivation and morality of followers by engaging with them and creating a connection, has been the most researched leadership style of the last 30 years and despite new leadership theories emerging, the relative amount of research on this leadership style remains the largest (Gardner, Lowe, Meuser, Noghani, Gullifor, & Cogliser, 2020). Transformational leadership is often associated with and compared to transactional leadership, which recognizes followers’ needs and wants but focuses on exchanges between leader and follower in order to achieve outcomes. According to the process-view of leadership an individual’s ability to lead is dependent on followers’ responses to leadership behaviors and styles (Northouse, 2015). Following this view, it is interesting to examine which of the described leadership styles followers prefer: The arguably more satisfactory transformational leadership style or the transactional leadership style, which is more concerned with the clarifaction of roles and task-requirements? In a previous study, we set out to examine preference distributions for transactional and transformational leadership in two different samples: University students and a working population. Examining a sample of N = 127 participants we expected the student population (n = 64) to strive for ideals, teamwork and self-actualization and thus prefer the transformational leader, while expecting the working population (n = 63) to strive for clarity regarding requirements and goals and thus prefer the transactional leader. Contrary to our expectations and in contrast with what research on transformational leadership would postulate, we found conclusive evidence that preferences for transformational and transactional leadership are equally distributed in both the student and the working population. In the proposed study we attempt to replicate these findings with in a laboratory setting. In an exploratory analysis will further investigate whether leader preferences can be predicted by Big-5 Personality, personal needs as well as Implicit Leadership Theories. more...

An observational study of transformational leadership in teachers and student motivation.

วารสารมนุษยศาสตร์และสังคมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏบ้านสมเด็จเจ้าพระยา, 17, 1, 98-115

ASEAN Journal of Management & Innovation, 10, 1, 70 - 82

The work environment today is complex and every individual experiences it in their own unique way. This research aims to examine the experiences and perceptions of working in a remote work environment. Specifically, it will examine communication behaviors, engagement, relationship, and perception of direct manager/supervisor of remote workers. more...

This paper aimed to examine the effect of transformational leadership, energizing organizational learning and teamwork efficacy on improving Indonesia community-based eco-tourism organization performance. A field survey was conducted in the Tasikmalaya tourism sector. A total of 205 eco-tourism workers were surveyed to obtain data. This study offered a conceptual model for variable proposed to improve the eco-tourism community performance. The findings show that transformational leadership and energizing the organizational learning process positively affects organizational performance in the eco-tourism community. The author argues that energizing the organizational learning process mediates the relation between transformational leadership and organizational performance. This study addressed gaps in transformational leadership literature and practices by examining the interactions between energizing organizational learning process and eco-tourism workers teamwork's efficacy. more...

In the United States, nonprofit organizations lose at least $40 billion every year because of fraud. Fraud negatively affects nonprofit organizations’ productivity. Nonprofit managers need effective strategies to prevent fraud, increase trust among stakeholders, and ensure longevity. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies to mitigate fraud in nonprofit organizations. The conceptual framework of this study was Cressey’s fraud triangle theory. Data of this study were collected through interview questions from 4 top successful managers of nonprofit organizations in Maryland. The emerging themes after data analysis were ethics and regulatory compliance, transformational leadership, and managerial skills. more...

The general objective of this study was to evaluate and discuss the mediating role of transformational leadership between the association of resilience and entrepreneurial intention in peruvian adults. A total of 199 adults, 96 (48%) women and 103 (52%) men, aged between 18 and 50 years (M = 24, SD = 6.94) participated in this research. The psychometric properties of the instruments were evaluated, obtaining appropriate values corresponding to the evidence of validity based on internal structure (by means of AFC) and reliability (by means of the internal consistency method, alpha and omega coefficient). The level of Transformational Leadership was assessed with the MLQ-5X multifactor questionnaire, resilience was assessed with the Connor-Davidson Resilience scale and, finally, entrepreneurial intention was assessed with the Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire. The results corroborate that from the estimation of the mediating effect of Transformational Leadership between resilience and entrepreneurial intention the results obtained represented 71.1% mediation. The direct effect of resilience on entrepreneurial intention was not statistically significant (p = .169, 28.9%). In conclusion, transformational leadership plays a complete mediating role, as the main impact on the entrepreneurial intention variable. Finally, there is evidence of a predominant strength of transformational leadership as a mediating variable., El objetivo general de este estudio fue evaluar y discutir el papel mediador del liderazgo transformacional entre la asociación de resiliencia y la intención empresarial, en adultos peruanos. En esta investigación participaron 199 adultos, 96 (48%) mujeres y 103 (52%) hombres, de edades entre los 18 y 50 años (M = 24, DE = 6.94). Se evaluaron sus propiedades psicométricas de los instrumentos, obteniendo valores apropiados correspondiente a la evidencia de validez basado en la estructura interna (mediante AFC) y confiabilidad (mediante el método de consistencia interna, coeficiente alfa y omega). El nivel de Liderazgo Transformacional se evaluó con el cuestionario multifactorial MLQ-5X, la resiliencia se evaluó con la escala de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson y, por último, la intención empresarial fue evaluado mediante el Cuestionario de Intención Empresarial. Los resultados corroboran que a partir de la estimación del efecto mediador del Liderazgo Transformacional entre la resiliencia y la intención empresarial los resultados obtenidos representó 71.1% de mediación. El efecto directo entre resiliencia sobre la intención empresarial no fue estadísticamente significativo (p = .169, 28.9%). En conclusión, el liderazgo transformacional cumple el rol mediador de tipo completa, como principal incidencia sobre la variable intención empresarial. Por último, hay evidencia de una fuerza predominante del liderazgo transformacional como variable mediadora. more...

Given the influential role of organizational context for creativity, this study examines the cross-level effects of two prevalent contextual elements – HR systems and relational climates – on individual and team creativity. We have conducted a multi-level multi-source study through hierarchical linear modeling on a sample of 282 employees nested in 69 teams and 38 firms. The results show that the interplay hypotheses regarding potentially creativity-facilitating contexts were not supported. However, findings suggest that relational climates represent more effective positive predictors of creativity at both levels, above and beyond the effects of HR systems. Therefore, given their very prominent role in enacting the HR context and co-creating the climate in place, line managers should strive to consider individual and team creativity in relational settings and promote an appropriate work context categorized by relational climates. Treating creativity at two different levels (individual and team), and accounting for a cross-level interplay focused on the context of those important performance outcomes, have important theoretical implications for creativity and HRM research. more...

The COVID-19 crisis brought numerous challenges to work life. One of the most notable may be the acceleration of digital transformation, accompanied by an intensification of e-mail usage and related demands such as high e-mail workload. While research quickly started to examine the implications of these changes for employees, another important group of stakeholders has been overlooked: leaders. We focus on leaders during the COVID-19 crisis and examine how COVID-19 related work intensification links to leaders? e-mail overload appraisal and finally exhaustion and transformational leadership, a leader behavior especially needed in times of crisis. In a five-day diary study in September 2020, 84 leaders responded to daily surveys on 343 days. Results of multilevel analysis showed that perceived COVID-19 related work intensification was positively linked to worktime spent dealing with e-mail and appraised e-mail overload. E-mail overload appraisal was positively related to leaders? exhaustion, but unrelated to their transformational behavior. Day-specific time spent dealing with e-mail, however, was negatively related to transformational leadership. E-mail overload appraisal mediated the relationship between COVID-19 related work intensification and exhaustion. Turning the focus on leaders during the COVID-19 crisis, our study has important implications for the design of work of leaders in times of crisis and beyond. more...

Complexity academic level The blast at Beirut Port on the 4th of August was the cherry on the cake in a series of disastrous governmental failures manifested in the of lack of trust, an unprecedented economic crisis, hyperinflation, financial fallout, political bottle necks, toxic environmental situation and a vertical cleavage between the government and the people. The blast resulted in billions of dollars in losses both at the port and the surrounding Beirut area, destroyed more than 300,000 housing units, displaced their residents, ruined many artifacts of cultural heritage, injured thousands of people and killed hundreds. Definitely, it was a case of negligence in the storage of the Ammonium Nitrate, corruption, irresponsible leadership or all of these together. However, investigations are still underway to pinpoint the responsible individuals and to bring them to justice. This case looks at potential ways that could have prevented the blast, by questioning the reasons behind the non-voicing out of objections against the nature of the material stored unsafely for several years in Container 12 at the Port. Through the lens of Hadi Karim, a fictional character, the authors lead the readers to consider the disaster’s characterization, as well as applicable disaster management frameworks. The case also emphasizes the role of public leadership and leads the readers to consider measures and processes that could have been abided by to prevent the disaster. Case overview Against the backdrop of the recent Beirut Port explosion, this case examines how events unfolded leading up to the tragedy, highlighting how it could have been avoided, as well as the managerial and ethical dimensions involved. Leaning objectives At the end of the case, students will be able to: 1. Characterize the disaster in terms of type and nature. 2. Analyze the blast by referring to the relevant disaster management frameworks. 3. Analyze the critical role of ethical and transformational leaders pre and post disaster. 4. Reflect on the role of employees in preventing disasters mainly through whistleblowing. Social implications Shedding the light on an avoidable disaster, drawing lessons to avoid the occurrence of such events in the future, and raising awareness on disaster management and on whistleblowing as a tool in the ethical leader’s toolbox. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 10: Public Sector Management. more...

Psychosocial safety climate (PSC) reflects the priority an organization sets for the psychological health and safety of its employees, important to predict future job design and worker health. PSC is assessed by aggregating employee perceptions to determine PSC level (mean scores) and strength (converging perceptions). Theoretically, the ideal climate is when PSC is high and strong, yet we do not know how to build these fundamentals. Since team leaders may transmit and shape PSC as set down by senior management, we explore their role (i.e., PSC and transformational leadership) in increasing and converging PSC perceptions in a team. We used three-wave longitudinal data (6-month lags) from 49 team leaders and 281 Australian health care workers nested in 49 teams. Multilevel analysis showed that team PSC levels increased over time. Using the consensus emergence model, PSC strength was moderated by PSC leadership. Considering PSC starting levels, when low, high PSC leaders were associated with increasing PSC, but if starting levels were high, low PSC leaders were associated with decreasing PSC levels and strength while high PSC leaders were associated with sustaining PSC strength. Transformational leaders had smaller effects than PSC leaders on PSC levels and no effect on strength. Mid-leaders' values and actions for employee psychological health are important to build PSC level and sustain strength. In this, they can reinforce PSC certainty and its safety signal effect which is shown to be important for reducing psychological problems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved). more...

Team service innovation contributes to team service excellence and customer satisfaction in the hospitality industry. Nevertheless, mechanisms behind team service innovation have been rarely explored. This study aims to develop a team-level model of mediating and moderating mechanisms behind the relationship between team-focused transformational leadership (TFL) and team service innovation. Data were collected from 683 team members and their 114 team leaders of 67 hospitality organisations located in China. Multilevel structural equation modelling (MSEM) and latent moderated structural equation modelling (LMS) were utilised to validate the research model. Results revealed that team-focused TFL fostered team service innovation via the mediating role of developmental culture. Group extraversion diversity strengthened the relationship between team-focused TFL and team service innovation, such that the relationship was strengthened only under higher but not lower levels of group extraversion diversity. In light of research findings, theoretical and practical implications are drawn. more...

The need for sustainability transitions is widely recognised, along with a concurrent need for the evolution of knowledge systems to inform more effective policy action. Although there are many new policy targets relating to net zero emissions and other sustainability challenges, cities, regional and national governments are struggling to rapidly develop transformational policies to achieve them. As academics and practitioners who work at the science-policy interface, we identify specific knowledge and competency needs for governing sustainability transitions related to the interlinked phases of envisioning, implementing and evaluating. In short, coordinated reforms of both policy and knowledge systems are urgently needed to address the speed and scale of sustainability challenges. These include embedding systems thinking literacy, mainstreaming participatory policy making, expanding the capacity to undertake transdisciplinary research, more adaptive governance and continuous organisational learning. These processes must guide further knowledge development, uptake and use as part of an iterative and holistic process. Such deep-seated change in policy-knowledge systems will be disruptive and presents challenges for traditional organisational models of knowledge delivery, but is essential for successful sustainability transformations. more...