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Objective Religious behaviors are considered as complex brain-based phenomena that may be associated with structural brain change. To identify the pattern of regional brain volume change in nuns, we investigated structural alterations in the brains of nuns using a fast processing automated segmentation method based on deep learning algorithms.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the catholic sisters between the ages of 31 and 80 who are members of the charity of St. Vincent de Paul of Korea. A total of 193 asymptomatic subjects (86 nuns and 107 control subjects) received comprehensive health screening and underwent brain MRI scans. We compared cortical and sub-cortical volume between groups across multiple locations using our in-house U-Net++ deep learning-based automatic segmentation tool.Results Compared to the control group, the nun group displayed increased gray matter volume in the right lingual cortex, left isthmus-cingulate, posterior-cingulate, rostral-middle-frontal, superior-frontal, supramarginal, temporal-pole cortices, and bilateral pars-triangularis cortices after correction for multiple comparisons. On the other hand, the nun group showed reduced gray matter volume in the temporal and parietal regions relative to healthy controls.Conclusion Our study suggests that spiritual practice may affect brain structure, especially in several frontal regions involved in a higher level of insight function.

Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (KDSS) is defined as a sustained decrease in systolic blood pressure or signs of poor perfusion. Some children with KDSS are refractory to conventional therapy, such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). A 4-year-old boy with Kawasaki disease was referred to the emergency department. Despite the conventional therapy, his vital signs and cardiac function worsened. The boy promptly underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), which did not relieve the symptoms. Subsequently, he underwent methylprednisolone pulse therapy and the second cycle of IVIG therapy. Two days after the start of a combination of ECMO, steroids, and IVIG started, his clinical condition was stabilized, and finally, ECMO was removed. This case highlights the combination of ECMO, steroids, and IVIG as a treatment option for children with IVIG-resistant KDSS.

The morphogenetically matured spermatozoa (sperm) are generated in the testes by the spermatogenesis. They travel male reproductive tract with many substances secreted from the accessory reproductive organs. One of the substances is the semenogelin (SEMG) released from the seminal vesicles that is involved in the post-testicular maturation. The expression of SEMG gene was investigated in seminal vesicle tissues of sexually matured and regressed male Syrian hamsters by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The SEMG gene was uniquely identified in the seminal vesicles of the matured Syrian hamsters and compared to the genes reported previously. But the expression of SEMG gene was not observed in reproductively and completely regressed testes of Syrian hamsters. These results indicate that the expressions of the SEMG gene are related to the reproductive capability in the male Syrian hamsters.

Asphaltenes, precipitated from oil due to pressure, temperature, or oil compositional changes, can affect not only the performance of CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR), but also carbon capture and storage (CCS) by reducing porosity and permeability and altering wettability. A comprehensive solid deposition model, which includes adsorption, pore throat plugging, and re-entrainment, was developed to predict the amount of precipitated asphaltene under dynamic conditions. In this study, a hysteretic three-phase fluid flow model was used to simulate residual and solubility trapping during the water alternating gas (WAG) process. Alteration of rock wettability during asphaltene deposition led to a decrease in oil and gas mobility and an increase in water mobility, increasing the amount of CO2 residual trapping to 39%, via a hysteresis effect. Residual trapped CO2 replaced liquids in the pore space; more water was substituted when asphaltene deposition was considered than that without it because of greater water mobility. Consequentially solubility and residual trapping were overestimated by 20% and underestimated by 39% when asphaltene deposition was not considered. Formation damage by asphaltene deposition increased water production by 14% and decreased oil recovery by 9% compared to a model without asphaltene deposition. These results indicate that asphaltene deposition affects CO2 trapping mechanisms and EOR performance during coupled CO2 EOR and storage processes.

Growing evidences show that gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the gut-brain axis can be promising target for the development of the therapeutic strategies for PD. Acupuncture has been used to improve brain functions and inflammation in neurological disorders such as PD, and to recover the gastrointestinal dysfunctions in various gastrointestinal disorders. Thus, we investigated whether acupuncture could improve Parkinsonism and gut microbial dysbiosis induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. First, we observed that acupuncture treatment at acupoints GB34 and ST36 could improve motor functions and comorbid anxiety in PD mice. Next, we found that acupuncture increased the levels of dopaminergic fibers and neurons in the striatum and the substantia nigra, respectively. Acupuncture also restored the overexpression of microglia and astrocyte as well as conversion of Bax and Bcl-2 expression in both the striatum and the substantia nigra, indicating that inflammatory responses and apoptosis were blocked by acupuncture. Additionally, via 16S rRNA sequence analysis, we observed that the relative abundance of 18 genera were changed in acupuncture-treated mice compared to the PD mice. Of them, Butyricimonas, Holdemania, Frisingicoccus, Gracilibacter, Phocea, and Aestuariispira showed significant correlations with anxiety as well as motor functions. Furthermore, the predicted functional analyses showed that acupuncture restored the physiology functions such as glutathione metabolism, methane metabolism, and PD pathway. In conclusion, we suggest that the effects of acupuncture on the enhanced motor function and the protection of the dopaminergic neurons may be associated with the regulation of the gut microbial dysbiosis and thus the inhibition of the neuroinflammation in the PD mice.

ITU-R recommends a global rain-attenuation prediction model for satellite link, but it lacks a physical meaning because it is an empirical model and the effective path-length model is frequency dependent. In this letter, a global effective path-length model, which can be used for total attenuation prediction in a satellite link, is proposed. The proposed model is a physical model based on the rain-cell concept. The test for the proposed model was performed against the data in the ITU-R SG3 DB, using the procedures in the recommendation ITU-R P. 311 and the Fascicle. The test results show that the prediction error of the proposed model is less than the existing ITU-R model. In addition, the proposed model is a physical model and simple compared to the current ITU-R model.

The addition of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to the CO2 stream reduces interfacial tension (IFT) between the injected gas and the reservoir oil, and it changes the gas-liquid relative permeability...

Dimethyl ether (DME) is a widely used industrial compound, and Shell developed a chemical EOR technique called DME-enhanced waterflood (DEW). DME is applied as a miscible solvent for EOR application to enhance the performance of conventional waterflood. When DME is injected into the reservoir and contacts the oil, the first-contact miscibility process occurs, which leads to oil swelling and viscosity reduction. The reduction in oil density and viscosity improves oil mobility and reduces residual oil saturation, enhancing oil production. A numerical study based on compositional simulation has been developed to describe the phase behavior in the DEW model. An accurate compositional model is imperative because DME has a unique advantage of solubility in both oil and water. For DEW, oil recovery increased by 34% and 12% compared to conventional waterflood and CO2 flood, respectively. Compositional modeling and simulation of the DEW process indicated the unique solubility effect of DME on EOR performance.

Although gallium-based liquid metals are attracting growing interest thanks to its potential applications in deformable, flexible electronic devices, challenges in fabrication associated with the high surface tension and oxide skin remain to be overcome. We report a novel fabrication technique for liquid metal circuits using dewetting. An excessively thin liquid film spontaneously shrinks on a substrate to reduce surface free energy. In the case of a thin liquid metal film on a substrate with microgrooves, the oxide on the microgroove wall and the additional viscous resistance delay the shrinkage in the grooves, which separates the liquid volume inside the microgrooves from the external volume. Utilizing this mechanism, we successfully produced 20- $\mu \text{m}$ -thick conductive lines of eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) on polydimethylsiloxane. This fabrication technique is simple, fast, and cost-effective and requires no top covering layer. The resultant metal lines show potentially applicable electrical resistance to flexible and stretchable electronic devices. [2017-0082]

Researches on Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) have been conducted worldwide owing to its outstanding durability and strength performances compared to those of normal concrete. The application of UHPC to prestressed concrete structures, which may seem to be the most appropriate and beneficial, may result significant improvement in the design of anchorage zones due to its high compressive and tensile strength. The size of anchorage blocks and amounts of reinforcements may be reduced drastically. This paper examines the stress magnitudes and distributions of post-tensioned anchorage zones using UHPC which have nominal compressive strength levels of 120, 150 and 180 MPa respectively, by FE analysis. The analytic results are verified with the existing experimental work of 180MPa UHPC. It can be concluded that the use of UHPC to post-tensioned members gives significant reduction of anchorage zone size and no reinforcements are required.

Although research on CO2 injection in shale gas reservoirs has been focused for enhanced gas recovery (EGR) and CO2 storage, previous studies have not examined both multi-component transport and geomechanical effects. Therefore, this study presents new shale gas models for CO2 injection considering multi-component adsorption, dissolution, molecular diffusion, and stress-dependent compaction. Based on these mechanisms and data for Barnett shale field, a simulation model was constructed for CO2 flooding and huff and puff. The proposed model was used to examine the effects of CO2 injection to EGR and CO2 storage and various mechanisms. The results presented that CO2 flooding and huff and puff improve CH4 production by 24% and 6% respectively compared with no injection scenario. At the end of simulated time, the injected CO2 is stored as free, adsorbed, and dissolved states in proportions of 42%, 55%, and 3% respectively. To confirm these results, Marcellus and New Albany shale models, which have different reservoir properties, are generated and compared with Barnett shale model. However, in Marcellus and New Albany shale models, effects of CO2 injection are lower than that of Barnett shale model. Therefore, to investigate factors affecting to the efficiency of CO2 injection in shale gas reservoirs, extensive simulations were performed. Results of the simulation analyses show that natural fracture permeability, hydraulic fracture half-length, well spacing, and Langmuir constants are significant factors for EGR and CO2 storage. For the real applications, these parameters should be mainly considered. The investigations performed in this study present better understanding of CO2 injection processes to EGR and CO2 storage and they are important for optimizing the designs of CO2 injection in field applications.

Shale gas reservoirs have ultra-low matrix permeability and consist of matrix and natural fracture systems. Horizontal wells with hydraulic fractures are necessary to economically exploit shale gas reservoirs. Due to these complex features of shale gas reservoirs, understanding pressure transient characteristics is of importance. Through coupling of flow and geomechanical models for well/reservoir/hydraulic fracture systems, a new approach has been established to predict the pressure transient behavior and to generate type curves. To account for geomechanical effects with stress dependent permeability, linear elastic geomechanical models and two stress dependent permeability correlations, exponential and power law correlations, from previous experimental researches were implemented in the reservoir model. A number of cases considering a geomechanical model, exponential correlation, and power law correlation were compared. These processes showed roughly a 1–5% variation of productivity in shale gas reservoirs. Based on the extensive numerical simulations with the updated model, a series of type curves were developed in terms of dimensionless pseudopressure and derivative of dimensionless pseudopressure versus dimensionless time considering various reservoir and fracture properties. Using the type curves as a guide, we then presented flow regimes that are expected for different values of geomechanical properties, number of fractures, length of the fractures, spacing between fractures, and properties of stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). Using the characteristics of new dimensionless parameters and the developed type-curve set, a simple and practical procedure was presented to estimate reservoir properties in multi-fractured horizontal wells. Application of type curve matching to synthetic data was shown to be useful in estimating effective fracture and matrix permeability and porosity. A history match of a field example in Barnett Shale data indicates that the model with stress-dependent properties matches the actual production data better than the model with constant properties. This study provides insight into the characteristics of a hydraulically-fractured horizontal well, and the newly developed type curves yield more unique and accurate results.

Once asphaltenes have been precipitated from oil due to pressure, temperature, or oil composition changes, they can affect reservoir performance by reducing porosity and permeability and altering wettability. Moreover, they can cause plugging of wellbore and surface production facilities. The addition of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) into the CO 2 stream during CO 2 flooding reduces oil viscosity, interfacial tension (IFT), and oil swelling, resulting in improved displacement efficiency, but also causes asphaltene precipitation because of a change in oil composition. When toluene is introduced into the LPG and CO 2 stream to overcome the limitations of a CO 2 -LPG flood, it acts as an inhibitor of asphaltene precipitation. This research systematically examines the mechanism of asphaltene precipitation and how to mitigate problems associated with asphaltene deposition based on compositional simulations. Solid deposition model that included adsorption, pore throat plugging, and re-entrainment was considered. A compositional equation of state (EOS) model was developed to analyze the effects of LPG and toluene on asphaltene deposition and formation damage. At the center of reservoir, the amount of asphaltene deposition reached the maximum for 10% LPG-added CO 2 -LPG flooding, which was 12% higher than that from CO 2 flooding. When 1% toluene was added into the CO 2 -LPG flood, the amount of asphaltene deposited declined by 2%. Oil resistance factor had the same tendency because of porosity reduction due to decreased deposition of asphaltene. Oil recovery for the CO 2 -LPG flood was enhanced by 4% compared to the CO 2 flood, despite an increment in asphaltene deposition, and by 9% for the CO 2 -LPG-toluene flood. Results from this study indicate that LPG addition causes increased asphaltene deposition, which can be mitigated by using toluene as an inhibitor.

The spermatogenesis is the process by which spermatozoa are generated in the testes. The spermatozoa travel male reproductive tract during which they meet many substances secreted from reproductive organs. One of the substances is epididymal protease inhibitor (EPPIN) that is involved in the post-testicular maturation including capability of fertilizing the eggs. The expression of EPPIN gene was investigated in various tissues of sexually mature and regressed male Syrian hamsters by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The EPPIN gene was identified in the testis and epididymis of the male Syrian hamsters and compared to the genes reported previously. There was no expression of EPPIN gene in reproductively and completely regressed testes of Syrian hamster. These results suggest that the expressions of the EPPIN gene are associated with the reproductive capability in the Syrian hamsters.

We present a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of dewetting on substrates with parallel microgrooves. A thin, static liquid film has an equilibrium thickness so as to minimize the sum of the surface free energy and the gravitational potential energy. When the thickness of a liquid film is less than the equilibrium thickness, the film seeks the equilibrium through contraction of the wetted area, which is referred to as dewetting. We experimentally observed the dewetting of thin, metastable liquid films on substrates with parallel microgrooves. The experiments revealed that the films retract in the direction along the grooves and leaves liquid residues with various morphologies. We classify the residue morphologies into three modes and elucidate the dependence of the mode selection on the groove geometry and the equilibrium contact angle of the liquid. We also experimentally examined the dynamic motion of the receding contact lines of the dewetting films, and developed a mechanical model for the receding speed. Our results provide a basis for controlling liquid films using microstructures, which is useful for lubricant-impregnated surface production, painting, spray cooling, and surface cleaning.

멀티미디어 기술은 최근 몇 년 동안 상당한 발전이 있었다인터넷을 통해 오디오동영상이미지와 같은 멀티미디어를 전송하는 것이 이제 아주 보편화 되었다그러나 인터넷은 안전하지 못한 채널로 보안적인 측면에서 많은 문제들을 가지고 있다또한 데이터 복제를 할 수 있는 기기가 보편화 된 이후 멀티미디어 콘텐츠 이용자의 저작권에 대한 인식부족으로 인해 멀티미디어 콘텐츠의 불법복제 문제는 날이 갈수록 심각해지고 있다인터넷과 같은 비보안 채널 상에서 멀티미디어 데이터의 안전성과 기밀성을 획득하기 위해 많은 암호기술이 제안되어왔다특히 영상을 암호화하기 위한 가장 간단한 방법은 의사 난수열을 이용하여 기저영상을 만든 후 기저영상과 원 영상의 픽셀값을 연산을 취해 원 영상의 픽셀값을 변화시키는 것이다이러한 방법으로 영상을 암호화하는 경우하드웨어의 구현이 용이하고 암호화 속도가 빠른 장점이 있다 셀룰라 오토마타 이하 란 이산 시간의 동적 시스템으로 셀이라는 기본 단위 메모리의 배열로 이루어진다이 시스템에서 셀의 다음 상태는 자기 자신과 인접한 두 셀의 상태에 의해 정해진 규칙에 의해 갱신된다이러한 는 간단하고규칙적이며작은 단위로 확장 연결할 수 있는 구조이기 때문에 하드웨어 구현에 알맞다 가장 간단한 구조를 가지는 차원 는 모든 셀이 선형으로 배열되어 있고 의 상태전이에 적용되는 규칙의 종류에 따라 선형 와 비선형 로 나뉜다또한 의 모든 상태에 대하여 이전상태가 존재하는 를 그룹 라 하고 그룹 는 셀들이 일

We investigate the flow patterns created when a liquid drop contacts a reservoir liquid, which has implications on various physicochemical and biochemical reactions including mixing in microfluidic systems. The localized vortical flow spontaneously triggered by the difference of surface tension between the two liquids is studied, which is thus termed the Marangoni vortex. To quantitatively investigate the strength of vortices, we performed particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments by varying the surface tension difference, the gap of the flow cell, the density and viscosity of the reservoir liquid, and the size of the drop. A scaling law that balances the interfacial energy of the system with the kinetic energy of the vortical flows allows us to understand the functional dependence of the Marangoni vortex strength on various experimental parameters.

Summary During the past few years, several studies have analyzed the pressure-transient responses of hydraulically fractured horizontal wells in shale-gas reservoirs. However, that research included simplified models that reflected natural and hydraulic fractures -only, unlike real shale reservoirs. To develop an accurate shale-gas model, this study considers the effects of rejuvenated fractures as well as natural and hydraulic fractures. Rejuvenated fractures, regarded as an important specificity in this paper, are revitalized natural fractures created by hydraulic fracturing. To analyze the pressure-transient characteristics and productivity of fractured horizontal wells in shale reservoirs, extensive numerical simulations have been conducted. This model considers the effects of natural- and rejuvenated-fracture permeability, matrix permeability, parameters of hydraulic fractures (e.g., width, height, and half-length), and the range of stimulated reservoir volume. Results show a clear distinction between existing models and the proposed model. In the proposed model, the boundary induced by the rejuvenated fractures generates pseudoboundary-dominated flow. This work expands our insight into the pressure-transient characteristics of a hydraulically fractured horizontal well in a shale-gas system.

A 2-axis gimbal-type X-band antenna has been widely used to effectively transmit the high reso-lution image data from the observation satellite to the desired ground station. However, a dis-continuous stepper motor activation for rotating the pointing mechanism in azimuth and elevation di-rections induces undesirable micro-vibration disturbances which can result in the image quality degra-dation of a high-resolution observation satellite. To enhance the image quality of the observation sat-ellite, attenuating the micro-vibration induced by an activation of the stepper motor for rotational movements of the antenna is important task. In this study, we proposed a low-rotational-stiffness blade gear applied to the output shaft of the stepper motor to obtain the micro-vibration isolation performance. The design of the blade gear was performed through the structure analysis such that this gear is satisfied with the margin of safety rule under the derived torque budget. In addition, the micro-vibration isolation performance of the blade gear was verified through the micro-vibration measurement test using the dedicated micro-vibration measurement device proposed in this study.

This letter reports optical-lever detection with spray-coated liquid metal reflectors for transparent hydrogel atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers. Eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) filled in an air brush was locally sprayed over poly(ethylene) glycol-diacrylate (PEG-DA) AFM cantilevers with a shadow mask. Oxygen plasma treatment for bare hydrogel cantilevers prior to the EGaIn spray was shown to improve the wetting characteristics between EGaIn and PEG-DA, thus enabled relatively thin coating of $\sim 800$ nm within $\sim 100$ ms. PEG-DA AFM cantilevers coated with EGaIn were underwent mechanical characterization, and were employed for AFM imaging in both air and deionized (DI) water. Except the reflectivity degraded down to 40% of the initial value after 1-h dwell in DI water, their overall performance was comparable with those of PEG-DA AFM cantilevers with solid metal reflectors. [2016-009]

A two-axis gimbal-type X-band antenna used to transmit real-time image data from a satellite to a ground station is a potential source of microjitter, which can degrade image quality from h...

Recently, the potential of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) with CO2 injection in tight oil reservoir has drawn attention. Most of previous studies for CO2 injection in tight oil reservoir have considered only huff-and-puff process. However, CO2 flooding could show further improvement depending on the fracture-reservoir system. To investigate the effects of CO2 flooding and huff-and-puff processes in tight oil reservoir, numerical models incorporating molecular diffusion and stress-dependent deformation mechanisms were generated. In order to model the realistic tight oil reservoir, core and reservoir models were constructed with data from Bakken shale field. Coand counter-diffusive transport is depicted by Sigmund and Wilke correlation. Stress-dependent deformation in tight reservoir is considered by exponential correlation coupled with linear-elastic model. The developed models were used to investigate major factors affecting CO2 injection process such as molecular diffusion, stress-dependent compaction, and conductivity of fracture system. In the proposed model, about 8% of hydrocarbon was recovered during the primary production. Recoveries with CO2 flooding and huff-and-puff following primary production are increased to 18 and 15%, respectively. The main factor which facilitates CO2 flooding is the fracture conductivity of unstimulated zone. Because the middle Bakken formation shows relatively higher permeability and fracture conductivity than other ultra-tight reservoirs, the CO2 displaces the oil between wells with flooding. In case of the reservoir with lower fracture conductivity, on the ther hand, huff-and-puff process is better than flooding process for EOR. In addition, CO2 flooding process showed higher CO2 storage than huff-and-puff process. CO2 flooding method stores 1.7 times higher CO2 than huff-and-puff method. About 91% of injected CO2 is stored for CO2 flooding and about 54% of injected CO2 is stored for huff-and-puff. Therefore, the need to develop CO2 flooding techniques is evident in order to improve not only the oil recovery but the CO2 storage. The investigation of CO2 flooding and huff-and-puff with comprehensive numerical model suggests better understanding and design of CO2 injection in order to improve the efficiency of CO2 EOR and storage in tight oil reservoirs.

The Non-Destructive Test techniques on concrete, which can assess the properties of materials without damages, have been developed as the deteriorations of existing structures increase. Among them, the ultrasonic pulse velocity (USPV) method is widely used because it can investigate the states of one material for a long time and repeatedly. However, there have been few researches on the NDT application to geopolymer concrete which is environment friendly construction material without any cement. This paper investigates the variations of ultrasonic pulse velocity and peak frequency of geopolymer concrete under monotonically increasing loads to assess the material conditions with various compressive strength levels by measuring P-wave signals. The pulse velocities and peak frequencies were higher in high strength geopolymer concrete specimens. There are not explicit relations between strength levels and peak frequencies but the peak frequencies are strongly influenced by the applied stress levels. In addition, a predicting equation for compressive strength of geopolymer concrete is derived based on experimental data in similar form for normal concrete.

In this paper, the improved power durability test system and method for an reliability analysis of SAW device is proposed and the failure mechanism through failure analysis is analyzed. As a result of the failure analysis using microscope, SEM and EDX, the failure mechanism of the SAW device is electromigration due to joule heating under high current density and high temperature condition. The electromigration makes voids and hillocks in the IDT electrode and the voids and hillocks can lead to short circuit and open circuit faults, respectively, increasing the insertion loss of an SAW filter. The accelerated life testing of the SAW filter for 450MHz CDMA application using the proposed power durability test system and method is carried out. B 10 lifetime of the SAW filter using Eyring model and Weibull distribution is estimated as about 98,500 hours. Key Words : SAW Device, Reliability, Failure Mechanism, Power Durability, Life Test, SAW Filter * 정회원, 한국전자통신연구원 사업화본부 ** 정회원, 한국전자통신연구원 사업화본부 접수일자 : 2014년 9월 12일, 수정완료 : 2014년 10월 6일게재확정일자 : 2014년 10월 10일Received: 12 September, 2014 / Revised: 6 October, 2014 Accepted: 10 October, 2014

Atopic dermatitis (AD) syndrome is one of the most common and severe skin diseases in Korea; a large populationhas this disease. We examined the effects of the extract from the leaf and sprig of Camellia sinensis on the developmentof AD by using NC mice as a model of atopic dermatitis. Oral administration of the extract to NC/Nga micetreated with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) inhibited the development of AD-like skin lesions as shown by a significantdecrease in the skin symptoms of the disease and a decrease in ear thickness and levels of immunoglobulinE (IgE) and thymus-and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) level in the skin. Administration of the extract markedlysuppressed the DNCB-induced mRNA expression of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α). The findings suggest that transdermal application of the extract may modulate in the skin of NC/Nga mice. The extractwas effective for the prevention and treatment of AD.