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The aim of this review is to examine the literature on the effect of non-pharmacological methods on children's anxiety, pain level and parental satisfaction during blood collection. There are 2 doctoral theses and 12 master's theses at NTC National Thesis Center on pain management during the blood collection process in children. Numerous publications and articles have been searched and it is observed that non-pharmacological methods applied during the blood collection process generally have positive effects on pediatric patients and their families. It is thought that non-pharmacological techniques applied during the blood collection process will reduce the anxiety, fear and pain in children and increase the satisfaction of the family and the child in nursing care and their compliance with thenonpharmacologic methods during blood collection in children is discussed. ​Extended English summary is in the end ofFull TextPDF (TURKISH)file. Özet Bu derleme, çocuklara kan alma işlemi sırasında uygulanacak olan nonfarmakolojik yöntemlerin çocuklardaki anksiyete, ağrı düzeyi, ebeveyn memnuniyetine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmış olan literatürü incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Çocuklarda kan alma işlemi sırasında hissedilen ağrı yönetimiyle ilgili YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi'nde 2 adet doktora tezi ve 12 adet yüksek lisans tezi bulunmaktadır. Konuyla ilgili sayısız yayın ve makale taranmış olup, genel itibariyle kan alma işlemi sırasında uygulanan nonfarmakolojik yöntemlerin çocuk hastalar ve aileleri üzerinde olumlu etkiler yaptığı gözlenmiştir. Kan alma işlemi sırasında uygulanan nonfarmakolojik tekniklerin çocuklarda oluşan anksiyete, korku ve ağrıyı azaltmasının yanında ailenin ve çocuğun hemşirelik bakımında memnuniyetini ve tıbbi işlemlere olan uyumunu artırarak, tıbbi işlem korkusuna bağlı oluşan psikosomatik komplikasyonların kısa ve uzun dönem sonuçlarını olumlu yönde etkileyeceği düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemede, çocuklarda kan alma işlemi sırasında nonfarmakolajik yöntemlerin kullanımından bahsedilmiştir.

Ramadan fastingis donefor one full month, must be done every Muslim Ummah including those suffering from chronic diseases such as Diabetes Mellitus, did not eat and drink during 13,5-14 hours. At the time off as ting that there will be changes such as: activity, diet, hours of work, activities at night as tarawih prayer and tadarus. Aim: odetermine the effect of Ramadan fasting on body mass indexin patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study of the fasting month of Ramadan until the end of the fasting Ramdhan on 19 patients who had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at Adam Malik Hospital. The data collected by taking blood sample sat the beginning and end of the fasting of Ramadan fasting. Data were analyzed using paired T-test, wilcoxon. Results: Of the 19 patients with type 2 diabetes, as many as 13 respondents (68.4%) male sex with a mean age of 57.26 years. Statistical tests performed showed me significant value in BMI, Waist Circumference. Conclusion: There are significant value of BMI, Waist Circumference and blood fasting glucosain patients with type 2 diabetes before and after Ramadan fasting

Non-invasive blood glucose measurement is advantageous as it reduces the healthcare cost and pain of taking blood sample through existing invasive methods. The proposed system uses near-infrared sensors of 940nm wavelength to detect glucose concentration in blood. The glucose concentration is calculated based on the variation in the voltage after passing through finger. The output voltage is converted into glucose concentration using the algorithm developed in Arduino UNO. An accuracy of 97.5% was obtained.

Jaundice or hyperbilirubinaemia is a clinical problem that often occurs to new-born infants after birth. Normally, medical staffs uses heel puncture to examine bilirubin level by taking blood sample from the baby’s heel. Unfortunately, this method might be risky to the baby because mistakes can cause osteomyelitis to the baby. Therefore, in order to overcome this issue, magnetic induction spectroscopy (MIS) is introduced to measure bilirubin level without taking any blood sample from the baby’s heel. This system implements magnetic field to measure bilirubin level and its required transmitter coil and receiver coil to develop MIS system. Thereby, 2D model of MIS system is designed and COMSOL Multiphysics is used to simulate induced currents in biological tissue and resulting perturbation in magnetic field for different tissue properties in fingers layer. As a result, expected changes obtained when frequency value is increased and it shows that high frequency value have good current path when passes through biological tissue.

Clinical monitoring of shock mainly depends on blood-oxygen-indices obtained from invasive blood sample tests. The central internal jugular central vein oxygenation level (ScvO2) has been considered as a gold standard indicator for shock prediction. We developed a noninvasive spatially-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (SR-NIRS) to measure tissue blood oxygen saturation (StO2) surrounding the region of taking blood sample for the ScvO2 test in 25 patients with shock. StO2 values were found to be highly correlated (r = 0.84, p < 0.001) with ScvO2 levels and the concordance coefficient of 0.80 is high. The results suggest the potential of noninvasive SR-NIRS for bedside shock monitoring.

The Ulnar Artery (UA) could be considered for cardiac catheterization, invasive monitoring or taking blood sample. But special care is needed to avoid complications mainly when its puncture (Ptur) for cardiac catheterization. We analyze complications of (UA) approach and propose the “How to do”