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We investigated the effect of cold plasma application on the yield and grain quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.), focusing on the brewer’s rice cultivar, Yamadanishiki. Two treatment methods were examined in a paddy; direct plasma irradiation of seedlings and indirect treatment with plasma-activated Ringer’s lactate solution (PAL) during the vegetative growth phase. Periodic direct irradiation for 30 s increased whole plant weight and grain yield. Treatment with PAL promoted some growth of panicles relatively and partially suppressed the growth of culms and leaves. Both treatments affected the grain quality; an increase of the ratio of white-core grains to total number of grains, which is suited for producing Japanese sake rice, as well as a decrease of the ratio of immature grains. The results showed that the effective production of rice grains for sake production can be improved by the application of cold plasma treatment of rice seedlings in a paddy.HighlightRice plants of brewer’s rice cultivar in a paddy were treated with cold plasma, by the direct irradiation of plants and the immersed of plants in plasma-activated Ringer’s lactate (PAL).Direct plasma irradiation promoted plant weight, grain ripening, and increased yield.PAL treatment affected the growth of main stem and promoted the growth of panicles relatively.Both treatments improved the producing white-core grains, in addition to promotion of grain ripening.Cold plasma treatment can be applied to produce stable and high-quality food in various agriculture and food industries, which can achieve the sustainable developmental goals (SDGs). Rice plants of brewer’s rice cultivar in a paddy were treated with cold plasma, by the direct irradiation of plants and the immersed of plants in plasma-activated Ringer’s lactate (PAL). Direct plasma irradiation promoted plant weight, grain ripening, and increased yield. PAL treatment affected the growth of main stem and promoted the growth of panicles relatively. Both treatments improved the producing white-core grains, in addition to promotion of grain ripening. Cold plasma treatment can be applied to produce stable and high-quality food in various agriculture and food industries, which can achieve the sustainable developmental goals (SDGs).

The pipeline of the analysis. The file is deposited at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7380068 . (DOCX 14Â kb)

Nanopore-based MinIONâ ˘ sequencer and the analysis system. (DOCX 131Â kb)

Computed axial tomography in the intensive care unit. (DOCX 597Â kb)

Advantages of MinIONâ ˘-based metagenomic sequencing. (DOCX 97Â kb)

Publisher Summary In most insects of the temperate zone, diapause and hibernation are strategies for reproductive synchronization and survival during difficult seasons in their life cycle. In general, the role of insect diapause has been understood to be an arrest of development that frequently overcomes unsatisfactory seasons. Individuals in diapause accumulate cryoprotectants, such as polyols and antifreeze proteins. This chapter presents an article that describes specific factors produced during diapause. It examines specific factors and molecules involved in diapause by focusing on the diapause syndrome in two species. Experimental results from a Japanese wild silkmoth Antheraea yamamai , a producer of wild silk and a huge experimental insect; and results from the leaf beetle, Gastrophysa atrocyanea , a species being used for biological control of the dock weed, are described in the chapter. It discusses specific factors and molecules associated with diapause in pharate first instar larvae of the wild silkmoth and adults of the leaf beetle, in the context of the regulatory basis for insect diapause and as a source of molecules of potential interest for biotechnology.