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Chenxing Wei,1,* Jian Chen,1,* Tanveer Muhammad Anwar,2,* Lingling Huang,1 Wenjie Yang,3 Xueyan Dong,1 Qiong Chen,1 Min Yue,2,4,5 Daojun Yu1,3 1Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Medical Laboratory, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of China; 4Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, People’s Republic of China; 5State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Min Yue; Daojun Yu, Email myue@zju.edu.cn; yudaojun98@zju.edu.cnPurpose: Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii or AB) is one of the most opportunistic, nosocomial pathogens threatening public healthcare across countries. A. baumannii has become a primary growing concern due to its exceptional ability to acquire antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to multiple antimicrobial agents which is increasingly reported and more prevalent every year. Therefore, there is an urgent need to evaluate the AMR knowledge of A. baumannii for effective clinical treatment of nosocomial infections. This study aimed to investigate the clinical distribution AMR phenotypes and genotypes, and genomic characteristics of A. baumannii isolates recovered from hospitalized patients of different clinical departments of a sentinel hospital to improve clinical practices.Methods: A total of 123 clinical isolates were recovered from hospitalized patients of different clinical departments during 2019– 2021 to analyze AMR patterns, and further subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) investigations. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), as well as the presence of antimicrobial-resistant genes (ARGs), virulence factor genes (VFGs) and insertion sequences (ISs) were also investigated from WGS data.Results: The results highlighted that A. baumannii clinical isolates had shown a high AMR rate, particularly from the intensive care unit (ICU), towards routinely used antimicrobials, ie, β-lactams and fluoroquinolones. ST2 was the most prevalent ST in the clinical isolates, it was strongly associated to the resistance of cephalosporins and carbapenems, with blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-66 being the most frequent determinants; moreover, high carrier rate of VFGs was also observed such as all strains containing the ompA, adeF, pgaC, lpsB, and bfmR genes.Conclusion: Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates are mostly ST2 with high rates of drug resistance and carrier of virulence factors. Therefore, it requires measurements to control its transmission and infection.Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii, antimicrobial resistance, genetic determinants, virulence factors, whole-genome sequencing

Economic development is a most imperative element in figuring out the well-being of the citizens in a country. The present study analyzes the effect of key macroeconomic indicators on the Economic development of South Asian countries. The study intends to scrutinize the long-run and short-run association between Economic development and several macroeconomic variables by using panel data analysis. During ultimate 10 years, a few South Asian countries (SA) had economic instability. The study is aimed to investigate the macroeconomic indicators of some selected SA countries’ economic growth. The static linear panel statistics model had been used for figuring out the consequences of unbiased macroeconomic variables on the gross domestic product (GDP) of SA member countries including Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Nepal. While explained variable of examines is analysis is gross domestic product (quantity), the unbiased variables are current account balance general government gross debt, general government revenue, general government total expenditure, inflation (average consumer prices), population, the volume of exports of goods and services, volume of imports of goods and services. The analysis proposed is grounded on a panel data (cross-sectional time series data) approach. The data set of this exploration involves four SA members among 9 countries (cross-sectional units). The effects of 8 macroeconomic indicators on gross domestic product volume were examined. The paper also empirically analyzes the (negative impacts of the global financial crisis) on four SA countries’ economic growth during the 1980 – 2020 periods (time series). In this environment, the goods of macroeconomic parameters are anatomized using panel data series. The main findings of this model indicate that the level of population, general government revenue, inflation (average consumer prices), and volume of exports of goods and services, positively affects economic growth. The findings of this paper will be used for increasing the economic growth of south Asian countries.

Listeria species are exposed to various stressors throughout the food chain, which are crucial for microbe mitigation strategy in the food industry. However, the survival capabilities and development of antimicrobial resistance by Listeria spp. under different food processing environments (FPEs) stressors are not yet well understood. Hence, this study aims to determine the difference in survivability and antimicrobial susceptibility of L. monocytogenes (Lm) and other Listeria species (non-Lm) strains exposed to different FPEs stressors, including heat, acidic and alkaline pH, UV irradiation, and osmotic stress. For this, a collection of 11 Lm and 10 non-Lm strains were used to conduct experiments. This study showed that Lm strains were relatively more tolerant to environmental stresses than non-Lm strains (p > 0.05). Additionally, the evaluation of stress-induced resistance toward antimicrobials showed that anaerobic incubation, after exposition to environmental stresses, rendered Lm and non-Lm more resistant to antimicrobial agents than aerobic incubation. Furthermore, the study observed that different stressors induced an increase in minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of certain antimicrobials. Specifically, heat stress persuaded an increase in MICs of tetracycline under aerobic incubation, and gentamicin and ciprofloxacin under anaerobic incubation. Acidic/alkaline pH induced an increase in MICs of gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, especially under anaerobic incubation. However, UV stress induced increase in MICs of tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole under aerobic incubation and gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole under anaerobic incubation. Additionally, osmotic stress induced an increase in MICs of tetracycline and ampicillin under aerobic incubation and gentamicin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole under anaerobic incubation. Collectively, this study highlights that stress tolerance may contribute to the predominance of Listeria species among FPEs and induce the development of antimicrobial resistance even without antibiotic selection pressure. The findings of this study may guide updated strategies to mitigate Listeria species in the food industry.

This paper presents a comprehensive diagnosis of Job Security and Job Satisfaction of different service sector in Bangladesh. The different service sector job holders are in a precarious situation in terms of their job security. The survey questionnaire was modeled to measure the job security & job satisfaction of an employee in this Covid-19 pandemic. In this study, we investigate the vacillation of job security for different service sector employees. Job security and Job Satisfaction is one of the vexed questions here in the COVID-19 pandemic situation. It focuses on the relative importance of Job Security and job satisfaction factors and their impact on the employment. The result shows that working conditions, chance to try my own methods and co workers harmony are the most important factors contributing to job satisfaction during COVID-19. For this purpose, we formed questionnaire of 300 service sector employees such as Teachers School, College and University; bankers, doctors, engineers etc. to find out the actual scenarios. It also investigates the influence of age, gender and managerial/non managerial differences on the attitude towards job satisfaction. The study also examines the differences between intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction factors. Based on the findings, the employees at different service sector they were slightly satisfied with their jobs. Service sector employees are agonizing mostly due to this problem.

This article seeks to study how the extensive usage of social networking sites (SNSs) and interaction in consumer-to-consumer (C2C) communities influence brand trust. Social networking sites have impacted internet commerce in a technologically advanced era; it connects global users. Social media ads have changed our thinking; new market trends are reshaping the business industry. This study empirically investigates a model based on media richness theory and social capital theory. Using data collected from users who conducted transactions on these sites, a theoretical model was developed to analyze the inspirations behind trust. The results show that Instagram’s media-rich platform enhances social capital and a sense of virtual community between its members, affecting trust. Instagram usage intensity does not immediately affect brand trust, but it has an indirect effect; community trust also positively influences brand trust. This study defines the role of a sense of virtual community (SOVC) and social capital (SC) in C2C communities only. This study delivers insights to managers on how to increase brand trust via SNSs. Prior studies on social commerce do not apply to C2C communities on social media platforms, especially Instagram. This study presents a novel standpoint of social capital and media richness structures as precursors of brand trust in C2C communities.

This research aims to investigate the connection between logistic indicators, trade, renewable energy, and ICT on transport services in the selected 33 developed European countries. The researchers used the panel data from the 33 developed European countries to test the hypothesis. Panel GMM is an optimal modeling choice in this study from data sets ranging from 2007 to 2020. The results revealed that transport services have a significant positive relationship with trade, renewable energy, ICT, and internet usage. Also, the logistic indicators have a significant positive connection with transport services. Furthermore, renewable energy and transport services have a significant positive association with transport services. ICT adoption positively affects road freight transport by enhancing operations’ safety, suitability, visibility, and accountability. The effectiveness of these indicators is considerably affected by transport flow predictions and resource allocation strategy. Moreover, the management of high-quality operations requires optimization, and using transport and logistic management systems for transportation services makes it feasible to get optimal outcomes.

Listeria monocytogenes remains a significant public health threat, causing invasive listeriosis manifested as septicemia, meningitis, and abortion, with up to 30% of cases having a fatal outcome. Tracking the spread of invasive listeriosis requires an updated knowledge for virulence factors (VFs) and antimicrobial resistance features, which is an essential step toward its clinical diagnosis and treatment. Taking advantage of high-throughput genomic sequencing, we proposed that the differential genes based on the pathogenomic composition could be used to evaluate clinical observations and therapeutic options for listeriosis. Here, we performed the comparative genomic analysis of 60 strains from five continents with a diverse range of sources, representing serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b, comprising lineage I and lineage II and including 13 newly contributed Chinese isolates from clinical cases. These strains were associated with globally distributed clonal groups linked with confirmed foodborne listeriosis outbreak and sporadic cases. We found that L. monocytogenes strains from clonal complex (CC) CC8, CC7, CC9, and CC415 carried most of the adherence and invasive genes. Conversely, CC1, CC2, CC4, and CC6 have the least number of adherence and invasive genes. Additionally, Listeria pathogenicity island-1 (LIPI-1), LIPI-2, intracellular survival, surface anchoring, and bile salt resistance genes were detected in all isolates. Importantly, LIPI-3 genes were harbored in CC3, CC224, and ST619 of the Chinese isolates and in CC1, CC4, and CC6 of other worldwide isolates. Notably, Chinese isolates belonging to CC14 carried antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) against β-lactams (blaTEM-101, blaTEM-105) and macrolide (ermC-15), whereas CC7 and CC8 isolates harbored ARGs against aminoglycoside (aadA10_2, aadA6_1), which may pose a threat to therapeutic efficacy. Phylogenomic analysis showed that CC8, CC7, and CC5 of Chinese isolates, CC8 (Swiss and Italian isolates), and CC5 and CC7 (Canadian isolates) are closely clustered together and belonged to the same CC. Additionally, CC381 and CC29 of Chinese isolates shared the same genomic pattern as CC26 of Swiss isolate and CC37 of Canadian isolate, respectively, indicating strong phylogenomic relation between these isolates. Collectively, this study highlights considerable clonal diversity with well-recognized virulence and antimicrobial-resistant determinants among Chinese and worldwide isolates that stress to design improved strategies for clinical therapies.

Listeria monocytogenes remains a significant public health threat, leading to invasive listeriosis with severe manifestations (i.e. septicemia, meningitis, and abortion) and up to 30% of fatal cases. Here, we aimed to investigate genotypic diversity, virulence profiles, antimicrobial resistance patterns from a large and integrated population of L. monocytogenes isolates in China (n = 369), including food (n = 326), livestock (n = 25), and hospitalized humans (n = 18) over the years (2002-2019). PCR-based serogrouping showed the dominance of serogroup 1/2a-3a (37.4%) in food, 4a-4c (76%) in livestock, and 1/2a-3a (44.4%) in humans. Phylogenetic lineage analysis revealed the dominance of lineage II (63.4%) in food, lineage III (76%) in livestock, and lineage II (55.5%) in humans. Altogether, 369 isolates were grouped into 55 sequence types (STs) via multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), which belonged to 26 clonal complexes (CCs) and 17 singletons. Among various STs, ST9 (26%) was the most abundant in food, ST202 (76%) in livestock, and ST8 (16.6%) in humans. Overall, ST4/CC4, ST218/CC218, and ST619 isolates harbored both LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 genes subsets indicating their hypervirulence potential. Additionally, a low resistance was observed towards tetracycline (5.1%), erythromycin (3.2%), cotrimoxazole (2.9%), chloramphenicol (2.7%), gentamicin (2.4%), and ampicillin (2.1%). Collectively, detection of hypervirulent determinants and antimicrobial-resistant phenotype among Chinese isolates poses an alarming threat to food safety and public health, which requires a continued and enhanced surveillance system for further prevention of human listeriosis.

Listeria monocytogenes remains a significant public health threat, causing invasive listeriosis manifested as septicemia, meningitis, and abortion, with up to 30% of cases having a fatal outcome. Tracking the spread of invasive listeriosis requires an updated knowledge for virulence factors (VFs) and antimicrobial resistance features, which is an essential step toward its clinical diagnosis and treatment. Taking advantage of high-throughput genomic sequencing, we proposed that the differential genes based on the pathogenomic composition could be used to evaluate clinical observations and therapeutic options for listeriosis. Here, we performed the comparative genomic analysis of 60 strains from five continents with a diverse range of sources, representing serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b, comprising lineage I and lineage II and including 13 newly contributed Chinese isolates from clinical cases. These strains were associated with globally distributed clonal groups linked with confirmed foodborne listeriosis outbreak and sporadic cases. We found that L. monocytogenes strains from clonal complex (CC) CC8, CC7, CC9, and CC415 carried most of the adherence and invasive genes. Conversely, CC1, CC2, CC4, and CC6 have the least number of adherence and invasive genes. Additionally, Listeria pathogenicity island-1 (LIPI-1), LIPI-2, intracellular survival, surface anchoring, and bile salt resistance genes were detected in all isolates. Importantly, LIPI-3 genes were harbored in CC3, CC224, and ST619 of the Chinese isolates and in CC1, CC4, and CC6 of other worldwide isolates. Notably, Chinese isolates belonging to CC14 carried antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) against β-lactams (bla TEM-101 , bla TEM-105) and macrolide (ermC-15), whereas CC7 and CC8 isolates harbored ARGs against aminoglycoside (aadA10_2, aadA6_1), which may pose a threat to therapeutic efficacy. Phylogenomic analysis showed that CC8, CC7, and CC5 of Chinese isolates, CC8 (Swiss and Italian isolates), and CC5 and CC7 (Canadian isolates) are closely clustered together and belonged to the same CC. Additionally, CC381 and CC29 of Chinese isolates shared the same genomic pattern as CC26 of Swiss isolate and CC37 of Canadian isolate, respectively, indicating strong phylogenomic relation between these isolates. Collectively, this study highlights considerable clonal diversity with well-recognized virulence and antimicrobial-resistant determinants among Chinese and worldwide isolates that stress to design improved strategies for clinical therapies.

This study examines the capital market's compel on Bangladesh's economic growth between 2002 and 2012. The Data has been collected from Security Exchange Commission reports, Dhaka Stock Exchange Review Reports, and Central Bank of Bangladesh Statistical Bulletin respectively. From this study, we are able to know the different roles and functions played by the capital market. Moreover, this study showed the trends of some capital market exogenous variables like market capitalization, the all market share index, market value of the transaction, number of deals, and inflation over the last ten years. The ordinary least square method of log-linear regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The result shows that the capital market has significantly impacted the GDP. It is concluded that the capital market in Bangladesh has the potential of growth-inducing. The study recommends that the government should restore confidence to the market through regulatory authorities by ensuring transparency, fair trading transactions and improve the market capitalization by encouraging more foreign investors to participate in the market, and also to increase investment instruments such as derivatives, convertibles, swap, and option in the market.

In order to satisfy the diverse demand of travel service in the context of big data, this paper puts forward a unified framework for optimal routing choice under guidance information. With consideration of the influence of big data, the scenario analysis of routing choice is implemented, and the routing choice under guidance information is discussed. The optimal routing choice problem is abstracted into the collaboration optimization model of travel route choice, departure time choice, and travel mode choice. Based on some basic assumptions, the collaboration optimization model is formulated as a variational inequality model. The method of successive averages is applied to solve the proposed model. A case study is carried out to verify the applicability and reliability of the model and algorithm.

Foodborne disease is one of the most important public health issues worldwide. Food of animal origin is considered as the main vehicle of transmission to humans. Pigs are carriers of numerous foodborne pathogens, including Salmonella which is linked to pork related infection and leads to significant public health concerns, particularly with emerging antimicrobial-resistant clones. Therefore, a continued and enhanced surveillance system of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pathogens on animal-borne food is essential. This study aims to investigate the prevalence, serovars, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella isolated from pig-borne food in Henan Province, China. The Salmonella isolates identification were subjected to microbiological culture and PCR assay with positive isolates were assayed for serotyping by slide agglutination test and antimicrobial resistance susceptibility by MIC test. Collectively, a total of 1441 pork and visceral pig products between March and October in 2019 were collected from retail market, we found that 219 (15.1%) were positive for Salmonella isolates from liver (n = 83), bile (n = 19) and pork (n = 117). The highest prevalence of positive Salmonella isolates was observed 25.86% in liver (n = 83/321), followed by 21.84% in bile (n = 19/87), and 11.33% in pork (n = 117/1033). Seventeen different serovars were identified and classified into five serogroups. The most prevalent identified serovar was S. Derby (32.87%), followed by S. Rissen (25.57%) and S. Goldcoast (10.50%). We also found high resistance rate against tetracycline (96.5%), sulfisoxazole (96.3%), followed by amoxicillin (85.2%), ampicillin (84.4%), and streptomycin (83.7%), respectively. An additional investigation of multi-drug resistance pattern (MDR ≥3 antimicrobial classes) indicated that serovar Indiana (n = 13) showed the highest MDR (ACSSuT-AMC-CIP) prevalence (100%), followed by Goldcoast and Derby. Collectively, this study showed considerable diversity among Salmonella isolates in the pig-borne food and highlighted a high prevalence and emerging foodborne MDR clones may increase the frequency of therapeutic failure in the clinical settings.

This article presents a method to know the position of object or moving robot in the plane while the camera is moving dynamically. An Inverse Perspective mapping (IPM) approach has been embedded in a monocular camera on Head of Pepper Humanoid Robot (Softbank Robotics) for real time position determination of other object or robot in plane. While the Pepper head is moving, it is difficult to determine position or distance to objects in front of the robot with any different degree of certainity. By applying IPM, a linear relationship between the IPM frame and world frame becomes the key element to know the position of object while the head is static but when the head orientation changes the IPM is modified to adapt the linear relationship between both frames. So, the proposed method is based on the extraction of accurate bird’s-eye view. The method includes the Image Acquistion, IPM Filtering, Detection Phase, Region of Interest Selection and Pixel remapping.