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Sericulture in Italy has old origins, but competitiveness with the Asian markets and the widespread use of pesticides have led, in the past, to a decline of Bombyx mori (BM) farming. However, this sector is characterised by future development potential due to the use of all BM products in the food sector, which would promote a sustainable production chain. The aim of the present study was to determine the nutritional composition and the presence of chemical and microbiological hazards in BM. Based on the microbiological criteria reported by the Regulation (EU) 2017/2470 and amendments for already authorised edible insect species, the samples of chrysalides met the criteria set for Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Bacillus cereus, Coagulase positive Staphylococci, and sulphite-reducing anaerobes. Some samples were not compliant with the criteria set for total aerobic colony count, Enterobacteriaceae, yeasts and moulds. B. cereus was detected only in cocoon samples. Traces of fungicides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxins-PCBs and heavy metals (Pb and As) were observed in chrysalides, chrysalis oil and defatted chrysalis meal. Cd and Hg were not detected in any sample. Traces of mycotoxins were detected only in chrysalis oil and defatted chrysalis meal, not in chrysalides. The content of lipids and proteins in chrysalides ranged between 34.42-39.19% and 38.13-50.17%, respectively. In addition, no difference was observed in element content (P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn) between chrysalides and chrysalis meal. The present study highlights the possible impact of contamination of the rearing and processing environments on the microbial and chemical safety of BM and derivative products.

La rubrica, inaugurata nel 2020 per festeggiare il decimo anno delle pubblicazioni della Rivista italiana di diritto del turismo, è dedicata alla rassegna delle pronunce della Corte Costituzionale che presentano rilevanza (talora anche solo indiretta) in materia di diritto del turismo. L'intento della Rassegna è offrire al lettore un'informazione semplificata, agevolmente decifrabile e di consultazione veloce sull'ampio panorama (in verità assai complesso) degli interventi della Corte Costituzionale in questo àmbito. Tale intento spiega la scelta (piuttosto originale) del criterio di organizzazione dei documenti, nonché la decisione di formulare sintesi brevi dei principali contenuti accompagnate dai dati di pubblicazione in G.U. dei testi integrali. Per ogni Decisione, la data indicata è quella di deposito in Cancelleria. Si ricordi che la Prima Serie Speciale della Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana (dedicata appunto alla Corte Costituzionale) è pubblicata in www.gazzettaufficiale.it. Si ricordi altresì che tutte le pronunce della Consulta sono pubblicate anche in www.cortecostituzionale.it.

O Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade (TDAH) é um transtorno neurobiológico onde condições de carências e desequilíbrios nutricionais são comumente observados. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o perfil alimentar e nutricional de crianças com transtorno de déficit de atenção com hiperatividade (TDAH) em atendimento médico ambulatorial. É uma pesquisa com delineamento transversal, realizada com crianças e adolescentes com TDAH atendidos em um ambulatório de Neuropediatria de Santa Cruz do Sul/RS. Aplicou-se um questionário de frequência alimentar, questionou-se aspectos sociodemográficos, do estilo de vida e clínico e de comportamento alimentar. Verificou-se o estado nutricional e o risco cardiovascular. Os resultados foram analisados descritivamente. Totalizaram-se oito crianças, com idade média de 11,6±2,15 anos, sendo 75% do sexo masculino. Predominou o sobrepeso e a presença de risco cardiovascular (62,5% para cada). Praticavam exercício físico 50% e 87,5% permaneciam mais de 3h/dia em telas. Observou-se um consumo alimentar mais frequente de pão francês, açúcar, suco artificial, leite de vaca, feijão e carnes. O sobrepeso e a presença de risco cardiovascular foram predominantes, quanto ao estilo de vida e, ao consumo alimentar, observamos necessidade de melhora para promoção da saúde para esses indivíduos.

The text is part of a broader study on the perception of tragic perspective compared with our contemporary tragic sense. In addition to have a particular narratological relevance, the persistence of tragic level in the second cantica of the Comedy produces a decisive effect in Dante’s discourse, and proposes a different meaning of Allegory. One of the results of this investigation concerns the dramatic language, which is determined where Dante’s allegorical representation takes place, whereas the Allegory itself is forbidden by the variables of the tragic discourse, and is impossible to realize. However, the tragic perspective of the second Cantica is not constant, as in Hell, and it has its specific climax, marked by the acceleration of the time, the space of waiting, the crisis of salvific destiny, wich, in the arc od Dante’s narration, bind the characters to doubt and to need to overcome the tragic and irresolvable condition of being without destiny.

O programa de extensão “Linguagens na Educação Infantil (Ledif- ProEx-UFSCar)” compreende diferentes projetos de extensão e envolve professores, estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação de diferentes áreas, tais como: Pedagogia, Letras, Linguística, Educação Especial, Psicologia, Terapia Ocupacional, Educação Física e Tradução e Interpretação em Libras. Esse programa ocorre paralelamente ao trabalho desenvolvido na Unidade de Atendimento à Criança (UAC) da UFSCar e tem como objetivo inserir os alunos de graduação nas situações práticas do cotidiano da sala de aula, utilizando a Literatura Infantil como mediadora da prática docente e dos trabalhos com os diferentes gêneros discursivos por meio de rodas de leitura e de conversa, sendo a literatura eixo para os diálogos problematizadores. Em decorrência da pandemia, foram realizadas algumas adequações para o ensino remoto, usando-se das tecnologias informacionais e comunicacionais (TICs) como instrumentos mediadores dessas práticas. Dentre os objetivos visados com o projeto, destacamos: ampliar a linguagem oral e escrita, contribuir com a expressão e linguagem corporal, incentivar o desenvolvimento da linguagem plástica e da coordenação motora, possibilitar o entendimento dos sentimentos, estimular a autonomia e as relações sociais. O referencial teórico e metodológico são os pressupostos da teoria Histórico-Cultural, os estudos da Filosofia da Linguagem de Bakhtin e conceitos de Paulo Freire. Concluímos que as práticas de mediação relacionadas à literatura infantil, realizada em parceria com as famílias no contexto de pandemia, proporcionou às crianças descobrir o mundo via diferentes formas de linguagens e gêneros textuais, permitindo a interação com os outros e com o mundo. The extension program "Languages ​​in Early Childhood Education (Ledif-ProEx-UFSCar)" comprises different extension projects and aims to involve teachers, undergraduate and graduate students from different areas, such as: Pedagogy, Languages, Linguistics, Special Education, Psychology, Occupational Therapy, Physical Education and Translation and Interpretation in Libras. The development of these projects occurs together with the work developed within the groups (2, 3 and 4), whose professor and coordinator of the Program and Projects (Prof. Poliana Bruno Zuin) develops them in their classrooms at the Child Care Unit ( UAC) of UFSCar. This program aims to insert undergraduate students in everyday practical situations, using Children's Literature as a mediator of teaching practice and work with different discursive genres through reading and conversation circles, with literature being the axis for problematizing dialogues. As a result of the pandemic, some adjustments were made to remote learning, using informational and communicational technologies (ICTs) as mediating instruments for these practices. Among the aims of the project, we highlight: expand oral and written language, contribute to expression and body language, encourage the development of plastic language and motor coordination, enable the understanding of feelings, encourage autonomy and social relationships. The theoretical and methodological framework are the assumptions of Historical-Cultural theory, the studies of Bakhtin's Philosophy of Language and Paulo Freire's concepts. We conclude that the mediation practices related to children's literature, carried out by us in partnership with families in the context of the pandemic, allowed children to discover the world via different forms of textual languages ​​and genres, allowing the acquisition of writing as a social practice of interaction with with others and with the world.

One of the major challenges for the modern society, is the development of a sustainable economy also aiming at the valorization of agro-industrial by-products in conjunction with at a significant reduction of generated residues from farm to retail. In this context, the present study demonstrates a biotechnological approach to yield bioactive peptides from a protein fraction obtained as a by-product of the rice starch production. Enzymatic hydrolysis, with the commercial proteases Alcalase and Protamex, were optimized in bioreactor up to 2 L of volume. The two best digestates, selected with respect to peptide release and extract antioxidant capacity, were further fractionated (cut-offs of 10, 5, and 1 kDa) via cross-flow filtration. Amino acid composition indicated that most of the fractions showed positive nutritional characteristics, but a putative bitter taste. A fraction obtained with Alcalase enzyme (retentate 8 kDa) exerted anti-inflammatory potential, while the smaller molecular weight fractions (retentate 1–5 kDa and permeate < 1 kDa) were more active in tyrosinase inhibition. The latter were further sub-fractionated by size-exclusion chromatography. From the 15 most anti-tyrosinase sub-fractions, 365 peptide sequences were identified via liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. The present data support the possible exploitation of bioactive peptide from rice starch by-product as ingredients into food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic formulations.

To be profitably exploited in medicine as drug delivery carriers, nanosized systems should be endowed with essential properties, including high biocompatibility, stealth ability to escape the immune system, prolonged circulation lifetime, and targeting abilities towards the pathological tissues. Currently, the choice of biogenic nanoparticles as Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) represents the most promising strategy to deal with clearance issues. EV targeting properties and pharmacokinetics could be augmented by surface engineering methods by inserting specific target ligands, including antibodies or small peptides. Biorthogonal chemistry allows for the formation of a stable covalent bond among these moieties and EV surface, ensuring the maintenance of biomolecule’s reactivity. As for synthetic nanoparticle counterparts, it has recently been acknowledged proteins might physically adsorb on the EV surface in biofluids, forming a protein corona (PC), thus modifying EV biological identity. This phenomenon cannot be overlooked when investigating the properties and behavior of nanosized systems in biological media. In this work, we explored the possibility to engineer the EV surface with a modified antibody (Cetuximab, CTX) by both chemisorption (via click chemistry reaction) and physisorption (forming a protein corona) mechanisms. We found that both mechanisms are suitable to engineer the EV surface and, at the molecular level, SPR analysis showed that EV formulations functionalized by CTX, through its physisorption or chemisorption presented a comparable affinity for EGFR. However, at the cellular level, the improved stability for CTX-EV prepared by click chemistry strategies confers superior binding and uptake ability toward target cells. These results highlight for the first time the EV-PC formation during surface engineering processes and suggest its functional role, which should be carefully estimated in EV-based drug delivery system development due to the lower stability of the EV-PC compared to the covalent chemical binding between EV and CTX.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis compromises bone strength and increases the risk of fractures. Zoledronate prevents loss of bone mass and reduces the risk of fractures. OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy and safety of zoledronate in postmenopausal women with osteopenia and osteoporosis. DESIGN AND SETTINGS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted within the evidence-based health program at the Universidade Federal de São Paulo. METHODS: An electronic search of the CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and LILACS databases was performed until February 2022. Randomized controlled trials comparing zoledronate with placebo or other bisphosphonates were included. Standard methodological procedures were performed according to the Cochrane Handbook and the certainty of evidence for the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group. Two authors assessed the risk of bias and extracted data on fractures, adverse events, bone turnover markers (BTM), and bone mineral density (BMD). RESULTS: Twelve trials from 6,652 records were included: nine compared zoledronate with placebo, two trials compared zoledronate with alendronate, and one trial compared zoledronate with ibandronate. Zoledronate reduced the incidence of fractures in osteoporotic [three years: morphometric vertebral fractures (relative risk, RR = 0.30 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.24–0.38))] and osteopenic women [six years: morphometric vertebral fractures (RR = 0.39 (95%CI: 0.25–0.61))], increased incidence of post-dose symptoms [RR = 2.56 (95%CI: 1.80–3.65)], but not serious adverse events [RR = 0.97 (95%CI: 0.91–1.04)]. Zoledronate reduced BTM and increased BMD in osteoporotic and osteopenic women. CONCLUSION: This review supports the efficacy and safety of zoledronate in postmenopausal women with osteopenia for six years and osteoporosis for three years. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022309708, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=309708.

The arrival of Modern Humans (MHs) in Europe between 50 ka and 36 ka coincides with significant changes in human behaviour, regarding the production of tools, the exploitation of resources and the systematic use of ornaments and colouring substances. The emergence of the so-called modern behaviours is usually associated with MHs, although in these last decades findings relating to symbolic thinking of pre-Sapiens groups have been claimed. In this paper we present a synthesis of the Italian evidence concerning bone manufacturing and the use of ornaments and pigments in the time span encompassing the demise of Neandertals and their replacement by MHs. Current data show that Mousterian bone tools are mostly obtained from bone fragments used as is. Conversely an organized production of fine shaped bone tools is characteristic of the Uluzzian and the Protoaurignacian, when the complexity inherent in the manufacturing processes suggests that bone artefacts are not to be considered as expedient resources. Some traces of symbolic activities are associated to Neandertals in Northern Italy. Ornaments (mostly tusk shells) and pigments used for decorative purposes are well recorded during the Uluzzian. Their features and distribution witness to an intriguing cultural homogeneity within this technocomplex. The Protoaurignacian is characterized by a wider archaeological evidence, consisting of personal ornaments (mostly pierced gastropods), pigments and artistic items.

Tomando o legado de Paulo Freire como referência, apresentamos uma pesquisa que teve o objetivo de investigar o que afeta os alunos da EJA, anos iniciais, de forma a potencializar a vontade de se manterem estudando, permanecendo na escola por mais tempo, minimizando a evasão. Trata-se de uma pesquisa empírica realizada em três classes de EJA (anos iniciais), no município de Campinas/SP. Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram a observação em sala de aula e a realização de grupos focais com 31 alunos. A análise explorou os sentidos atribuídos pelos participantes às suas experiências pessoais e escolares. Os fatores que contribuem para a permanência na EJA são: o desejo de inserção cultural e a percepção de que estão aprendendo. As influências da família e do trabalho constituíram tanto motivos de impedimentos como para a permanência. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Afetos e EJA. Ensino e Aprendizagem. Escola e Inserção Cultural. Permanência e Evasão.

Why is mark making an important form of early writing and how can practitioners support and resource for it in their settings? Penny Tassoni investigates

It is increasingly important that bilingual and multilingual children are supported and celebrated in early years settings. EYE, Nursery World and Polylino brought together a panel of experts to discuss strategies for best practice. By India Dunkley

Inositol is a six-carbon sugar that functions as a precursor for signaling molecules such as phosphoinositides and inositol polyphosphates, which are involved in the regulation of important biological processes such as energy metabolism, environmental stress response, phosphate signaling, among others. Given its role in a myriad of signaling pathways, regulation of inositol synthesis is essential for cellular homeostasis. In budding yeast, transcription of genes involved in inositol metabolism is regulated by the transcriptional repressor Opi1, which repress transcription of genes containing cis-acting inositol-sensitive upstream activation sequences (UASINO). Upon genotoxic stress, cells activate the DNA Damage Response (DDR) to coordinate DNA repair and cell cycle progression. It has been proposed that inositol containing molecules might act as modulators of the DDR, but evidences are still scarce. Herein, we report thatopi1Δ cells fail to downregulate the inositol phosphate pathway leading to sensitivity to genotoxins and replication defects. Moreover, cells lacking Opi1 show decreased gamma-H2A levels which might indicate that Opi1 contributes to the activation of the DDR kinases Mec1/Tel1 (ATR/ATM in mammals). Importantly, we show that deletion of the inositol pyrophosphate kinase Kcs1 (IP6K1/2/3 in mammals), which leads to inhibition of inositol pyrophosphate synthesis, rescues the MMS sensitivity and replication defects ofopi1Δcells. Further, overexpression of Kcs1 recapitulates the MMS sensitivity of cells lacking Opi1. Therefore, we propose that cells must downregulate inositol pyrophosphate synthesis during replication stress in order to trigger an effective DNA Damage Response.

How should practitioners approach the revised learning area of EAD within the new EYFS, and how does it compare to the previous version? Penny Tassoni reports

The objective of our study was to provide practical directions on the storage of genomic information and novel phenotypes (treated here as unstructured data) using a non-relational database. The MongoDB technology was assessed for this purpose, enabling frequent data transactions involving numerous individuals under genetic evaluation. Our study investigated different genomic (Illumina Final Report, PLINK, 0125, FASTQ, and VCF formats) and phenotypic (including media files) information, using both real and simulated datasets. Advantages of our centralized database concept include the sublinear running time for queries after increasing the number of samples/markers exponentially, in addition to the comprehensive management of distinct data formats while searching for specific genomic regions. A comparison of our non-relational and generic solution, with an existing relational approach (developed for tabular data types using 2 bits to store genotypes), showed reduced importing time to handle 50M SNPs (PLINK format) achieved by the relational schema. Our experimental results also reinforce that data conversion is a costly step required to manage genomic data into both relational and non-relational database systems, and therefore, must be carefully treated for large applications.

Literary education refers to the formation of readers able to discuss and analyze their own readings, understanding society in an active and critical way. Spaces that encourage reading, from an early age, such as libraries, are conducive to the development of readers and citizens. This quanti-qualitative research aims to investigate public libraries and libraries in public schools operating in the city of Campinas (SP) and discuss such spaces as promising for the formation of the reader. The method involved internet searches and unstructured interviews with some librarians, followed by visits. Only 16% of public, municipal and state schools in the city have specific spaces for book collections, but a considerable part is classified as a reading room and not a library. The city has six public libraries that, in addition to studies and research, promote meetings and events, contributing to a cultural and citizen formation. La educación literaria se refiere a la formación de lectores capaces de discutir y analizar sus propias lecturas, entendiendo la sociedad de forma activa y crítica. Los espacios que fomentan la lectura, desde temprana edad, como las bibliotecas, son propicios para el desarrollo de lectores y ciudadanos. Esta investigación cuanti-cualitativa tiene como objetivo investigar las bibliotecas públicas y en las escuelas públicas que operan en la ciudad de Campinas (SP) y discutir espacios tan prometedores para la formación del lector. El método implicó búsquedas en Internet y entrevistas no estructuradas con algunos bibliotecarios, seguidas de visitas. Solo el 16% de las escuelas públicas, municipales y estatales de la ciudad cuentan con espacios específicos para colecciones de libros, pero una parte considerable está clasificada como sala de lectura y no como biblioteca. La ciudad tiene seis bibliotecas públicas que también promueven encuentros y eventos, contribuyendo a la formación cultural y ciudadana. Educação literária refere-se à formação de leitores aptos a discutirem e analisarem suas próprias leituras, compreendendo a sociedade de forma atuante e crítica. Espaços de incentivo à leitura, desde a mais tenra idade, como as bibliotecas, são propícios para o desenvolvimento de leitores e de cidadãos. Esta pesquisa quanti-qualitativa tem como objetivo investigar as bibliotecas públicas e as bibliotecas em escolas públicas em funcionamento na cidade de Campinas (SP) e discutir tais espaços como promissores para a formação do leitor. O método envolveu buscas pela internet e entrevistas não estruturadas com alguns bibliotecários, seguidas de visitas. Apenas 16% das escolas da rede pública, municipal e estadual da cidade, possuem espaços específicos para acervo de livros, mas parte considerável é classificada como sala de leitura e não biblioteca. A cidade tem seis bibliotecas públicas que, além de estudos e pesquisas, promovem encontros e eventos, contribuindo para uma formação cultural e cidadã.

This article has as its theme the study of the impacts on productivity resulting from the technological updating of processes, analyzing the results of the installation of new machines in a manufacturing cell of fixed joints used in the transmission of torque from the engine to the front wheels of automobiles. This study is justified because technological innovation has a fundamental role in the search for improvements in processes and products and, consequently, in the increase of production rates in industries, so that more is produced and with less costs. The objective is to carry out a critical study of the replacement of outdated machines, with new equipment in a manufacturing cell of an automobile company, as well as to describe the impacts resulting from this substitution in the production process. Therefore, as part of the methodology, the cell's OEE was used as a parameter to extract the data and analyze the productive bottleneck. Set-up times were also measured and maintenance stops were analyzed to assess machine availability. The cycle times were timed in order to observe the performance of the cell and also, data collected on the quality of the equipment in the months under study. After collecting the data for study and analyzing the results found, the result was that the substitution generated a significant impact, mainly in the availability indicators with a 10% decrease in inherent process stops and a 39% improvement in quality. As final considerations, it was also noted the need to replace another machine to further enhance the impacts of the cell's technological innovation. Keywords: Technological innovation; set-up; performance; availability; quality.

The Expressive Arts and Design area of learning and development has links to many other parts of the revised EYFS, explains Penny Tassoni

To investigate the influence of contextual factors on self-reports of cognitive abilities, this study investigated whether the frequency of self-reported memory failures was affected by level of daily busyness (Busyness) and daily routines (Routine) and whether age moderated these relations. The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-reported memory failures also was explored.

In most non-hyperaccumulating plants, Ni and Zn uptake is negatively correlated with soil pH, however, few studies so far have investigated how pH influences the activity and uptake of Ni and Zn in plants grown in a hydroponic system, which generally allows culture variables to be singularly manipulated. In this study, the non-accumulator Stellaria media (L.) Vill. (Caryophyllaceae) had opposite trends of Ni and Zn uptake along a pH gradient (between 5 and 8 for Zn and between 5 and 6.5 for Ni), when grown in hydroponics. In all treatments, the solution metal concentration was fixed at 0.1mM Ni or 0.55mM Zn. Nickel accumulation increased with increasing pH with an average concentration in shoots of 167 μg/gDW at pH 5 and of 250 μg/gDW at pH 6.5. In contrast, Zn accumulation decreased with increasing pH, with an average concentration in shoots varying from 1640 μg/gDW, at pH 5, to 435 μg/gDW at pH 8. Assessment of total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and of antioxidant activity showed that these parameters were positively correlated with Ni or Zn accumulation in S. media shoots, while photosynthetic pigments content and root and shoot biomass were negatively correlated with Ni and Zn accumulation. The study was carried out on five different S. media populations, which did not show differences in relation to the accumulation of metals and synthesis of antioxidant compounds, nonetheless showing a different biomass production under control conditions.

In this work, an electrochemical enzyme-linked oligonucleotide array to achieve simple and rapid multidetection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is presented. The assay is based on a competitive format and disposable screen-printed cells (SPCs). Firstly, the electrodeposition of poly(aniline-anthranilic acid) copolymer (PANI-PAA) on graphite screen-printed working electrodes was performed by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV). Aflatoxin B1 conjugated with bovine serum albumin (AFB1-BSA) was then immobilized by covalent binding on PANI-PAA copolymer. After performing the affinity reaction between AFB1 and the biotinylated DNA-aptamer (apt-BIO), the solution was dropped on the modified SPCs and the competition was carried out. The biotinylated complexes formed onto the sensor surface were coupled with a streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate. 1-naphthyl phosphate was used as enzymatic substrate; the electroactive product was detected by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The response of the enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay was signal-off, according to the competitive format. A dose-response curve was obtained between 0.1 ng mL−1 and 10 ng mL−1 and a limit of detection of 0.086 ng mL−1 was achieved. Finally, preliminary experiments in maize flour samples spiked with AFB1 were also performed.

According to the definition of the World Health Organization, adolescence is the phase of life between 10 and 19 years of age, a period marked by physiological and biopsychosocial changes, in which pregnancy is considered a risk factor for both mother and fetus from the biomedical point of view. Several factors have been associated with teenage pregnancy with negative maternal and neonatal impacts, such as: social vulnerability, low levels of education, income, and sexual education. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, which aimed to identify obstetric factors and neonatal outcomes of greater frequency among pregnant adolescents treated at the obstetric center of a university hospital. Data collection was performed through a logbook of daily procedures at the obstetric center, so that all parturients under 19 years of age treated in 2018 were included in the study. The variables studied were age, parity, type of delivery, gestational age, diagnosis of syphilis and HIV, number of prenatal consultations, and insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD). As for the newborn, the following were analyzed: weight and hospital destination after birth. The data were processed using the SOFA.5.2 software (Statistics Open for All) and the significance level established was 95%, with a value of (P ≤ 0.05). Three thousand four hundred and thirty pregnant women were evaluated. There was a birth rate of 19.3% among adolescents, with a correlation between the low weight of the newborn with the longest hospital stay and the number of prenatal visits, and also the identification of low insertion of contraceptive methods immediately after delivery. Adolescent pregnancy was correlated with low-birth-weight newborns and a longer stay in neonatal units, consequences often associated with the insufficient number of prenatal consultations. Public health policies for the inclusion of qualified nursing professionals in the management of insertion of the intrauterine device for the prevention of subsequent pregnancies deserve special attention.

The black-fronted piping guan, Pipile jacutinga, is an endemic Atlantic Forest cracid currently classified as Endangered in Brazil and globally. We present data on the reproductive and agonistic behaviors of a pair of captive reared Black-fronted piping guans reintroduced in a protected area in Serra da Mantiqueira, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, as well as opportunistic records of reproductive behavior of Black-fronted piping guan candidates for release that were held inside a pre-release acclimation enclosure. Behavioral data were collected from September 2017 to February 2018. We conducted 172 h of observations across 97 days of monitoring. Six reproductive behaviors were recorded: 1) Wing Display, 2) Nodding Call, 3) Mating Dance, 4) Male Offering Food to Female, 5) Tail Fanning and 6) Copulation. Two white eggs were seen on the 14 th day of incubation in a natural nest built in a tree fern. Only the female was observed incubating the eggs. The female devoted over 90 % of her time to incubation, the rest mainly to foraging or vigilance. The male spent 48 % of time vigilant nearby of the nest but did not interact with the female or eggs. On the 20 th day, incubation was interrupted following heavy rain. Agonistic interactions related to territory defense were observed between the released male and males inside the pre-release acclimation enclosure. On 88 % of the occasions we observed territorial defense behavior between the reintroduced male and other males inside the enclosure. The observations of the pair of reintroduced Black-fronted piping guans and of the candidates for release, provided valuable information about the reproductive behaviors of this largely unstudied and critically threatened species.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of motor neurons from the brain and spinal cord. The ALS community has made remarkable strides over three decades by identifying novel familial mutations, generating animal models, elucidating molecular mechanisms, and ultimately developing promising new therapeutic approaches. Some of these approaches reduce the expression of mutant genes and are in human clinical trials, highlighting the need to carefully consider the normal functions of these genes and potential contribution of gene loss-of-function to ALS. Here, we highlight known loss-of-function mechanisms underlying ALS, potential consequences of lowering levels of gene products, and the need to consider both gain and loss of function to develop safe and effective therapeutic strategies.

Background Thymoma‐associated myasthenia gravis (TAMG) is one of the subtypes of myasthenia gravis with autoantibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR‐Ab). We analyzed the clinical features of our cohort of TAMG patients and the changes in AChR‐Ab titer before and after thymectomy in order to identify factors predicting thymoma relapses. Methods We retrospectively assessed: age of MG onset, MG clinical status according to MGFA (Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America), epoch of thymectomy, post‐thymectomy status, oncological features and surgical approach. AChR‐Ab dosages were measured both before and after thymectomy. Linear regression models were applied to identify clinical determinants of AChR‐Ab titers and the Cox regression model was fitted to estimate the factors associated with the risk of thymoma recurrence. Results The study sample included 239 MG patients, 27 of whom experienced one or more recurrences (median follow‐up time: 4.8 years). The AChR‐Ab titers decreased after first thymectomy (P, In our paper, we retrospectively analyzed the changes in antiacetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR‐Ab) titer before and after thymectomy and the clinical features of thymoma‐associated myasthenia gravis (TAMG) patients in order to identify clinical and serological predictors of thymoma recurrence. Our study emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach among Neurologists, Oncologists and Thoracic Surgeons, and identifies subgroups of MG patients with high risk of thymoma recurrence who therefore need a more accurate follow‐up.

Apresentamos os resultados de uma pesquisa bibliográfica que teve por objetivo identificar quantos Grupos de Pesquisa, certificados no Diretório de Grupo de Pesquisa do Brasil no CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), têm como objeto de investigação a formação de professores e o que têm produzido, quantitativamente, em forma de artigo, sobre esse tema, no período de 2012 a 2015. Tem como base o olhar de alguns autores sobre o movimento de constituição conceitual e do campo da formação de professores no Brasil. A pesquisa contou com as seguintes etapas: a) seleção dos Grupos de Pesquisa que investigam a formação de professores no site do CNPq; b) identificação da produção em forma de artigos dos Grupos de Pesquisa selecionados; c) quantificação e sistematização das informações obtidas; d) identificação dos temas abordados nas produções encontradas. Grande quantidade de artigos foi encontrada, permitindo mapear as tendências que têm impulsionado as pesquisas científicas no campo da formação de professores, delineando o movimento ocorrido nessa área. Essas tendências foram organizadas em quatro núcleos temáticos que evidenciam as interfaces da formação de professores com os saberes docentes e práticas pedagógicas; com as políticas educacionais; a formação de professores nas diferentes etapas e modalidades de ensino; e a formação inicial e continuada.

The development and approval of disease modifying treatments have dramatically changed disease progression in patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Nusinersen was approved in Europe in 2017 for the treatment of SMA patients irrespective of age and disease severity. Most data on therapeutic efficacy are available for the infantile-onset SMA. For patients with SMA type 2 and type 3, there is still a lack of sufficient evidence and long-term experience for nusinersen treatment. Here, we report data from the SMArtCARE registry of non-ambulant children with SMA type 2 and typen 3 under nusinersen treatment with a follow-up period of up to 38 months.SMArtCARE is a disease-specific registry with data on patients with SMA irrespective of age, treatment regime or disease severity. Data are collected during routine patient visits as real-world outcome data. This analysis included all non-ambulant patients with SMA type 2 or 3 below 18 years of age before initiation of treatment. Primary outcomes were changes in motor function evaluated with the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded (HFMSE) and the Revised Upper Limb Module (RULM).Data from 256 non-ambulant, pediatric patients with SMA were included in the data analysis. Improvements in motor function were more prominent in upper limb: 32.4% of patients experienced clinically meaningful improvements in RULM and 24.6% in HFMSE. 8.6% of patients gained a new motor milestone, whereas no motor milestones were lost. Only 4.3% of patients showed a clinically meaningful worsening in HFMSE and 1.2% in RULM score.Our results demonstrate clinically meaningful improvements or stabilization of disease progression in non-ambulant, pediatric patients with SMA under nusinersen treatment. Changes were most evident in upper limb function and were observed continuously over the follow-up period. Our data confirm clinical trial data, while providing longer follow-up, an increased number of treated patients, and a wider range of age and disease severity.

As insects have started to enter the eating habits of Western countries, an increasing amount of literature regarding the mulberry silkworm (

Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands and other organs, associated with sicca syndrome but also with systemic involvement with varying degrees of severity. Despite their importance, some systemic manifestations, mainly liver, gastrointestinal, and pancreatic are not routinely evaluated. To address these manifestations, the Sjögren's Syndrome Committee of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology conducted a broad systematic review of the literature on studies investigating prevalence and diagnosis of these symptoms in Sjogren´s patients and made recommendations based on the findings. Agreement between the experts was achieved using the Delphi method. This is the second part of this guideline, providing 6 recommendations for liver, gastrointestinal, and pancreatic care of SS patients.

Sjogren's Syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands and other organs, associated with sicca syndrome but also with systemic involvement with varying degrees of severity. Despite their importance, these systemic manifestations are not routinely evaluated and there is no homogenous approach to their diagnosis or evaluation. To close this gap, a panel of experts from the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the identification of epidemiologic and clinical features of these manifestations and made recommendations based on the findings. Agreement between the experts was achieved using the Delphi method. The first part of this guideline summarizes the most important topics, and 11 recommendations are provided for the articular, pulmonary, and renal care of SS patients.

One of the major challenges for the modern society, is the development of a sustainable economy also aiming at the valorization of agro-industrial by-products in conjunction with at a significant reduction of generated residues from farm to retail. In this context, the present study demonstrates a biotechnological approach to yield bioactive peptides from a protein fraction obtained as a by-product of the rice starch production. Enzymatic hydrolysis, with the commercial proteases Alcalase and Protamex, were optimized in bioreactor up to 2 L of volume. The two best digestates, selected with respect to peptide release and extract antioxidant capacity, were further fractionated (cut-offs of 10, 5, and 1 kDa)

ObjectivesOur aim was to motivate apprentices’ sonographer needs, to appraise their own measurements, to reduce inconsistencies within and between operators. Deep knowledge of ultrasound sectional anatomy is mandatory for an appropriate performance.MethodsIn three different weekdays, 3 sonographer apprentices (rater), randomly selected from a cohort of San Paolo Medical School first year students participated in vertically integrated study of living anatomy through ultrasound examination, repeated lumbar multifidus cross-sections scans on 6 subjects at lumbar level. The Agreement R package 0.8-1 was used to monitored the performances of each apprentice.ResultsThe agreement (CCCintra 0.6749; CCCinter 0.556; CCCtotal is 0.5438) was further from least acceptable CCC of 0.92-0.95. The precision indices (precisionintra 0.6749; inter 0.801; total0.6274) were unsatisfactory, while the accuracy was high (0.9889 to 0.9913). The same occurred for the agreement on rater performances comparisons, where readings were high accurate (0.9537 to 0.9733) but moderately precise (0.7927 to 0.8895), not interchangeable TIR (1.173) but without rater supremacy. IIR (r1 vs r2 1.104, r1 vs r3 1.015, r2 vs r3 0.92) 95% confidence limits.ConclusionsApprentices were not reliable, repeatable, interchangeable. The weak link in the method seemed to be cultural weakness on vivo imaging morphologies, qualitative and quantitative measurement procedure on elementary statistical processing.

Connectomics is an important field of neuroscience that examines how neurons are connected and form functional circuits that underly the brain's functions. Conventional tracers based on dye have led to great advances in mapping these connections, and now, neurotropic viruses are contributing to connectomics. In this work, two retrograde adeno-associated virus failed to transduce in projections from hypothalamic neurons to periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) but worked well in cortical connections to PAG. One of this virus also marked a substantial amount of PAG efferent projections, therefore working as an anterograde tracer. We also used hydroxystilbamidine (FluoroGold™) as a gold standard in retrograde tracing for comparison with the projections shown by the retrograde virus. As determined in past works, FluoroGold™ shows connections from the hypothalamus and cortex to the PAG. Also, an anterograde AAV was compared with one of the retrograde AAV, which showed a similar pattern of axonal projections and terminal fields. Hence, although neurotropic viruses are revolutionizing connectomics and other areas, their mechanism, neurotropism, and cell invasion need to be addressed. Their use is a great challenge and requires further studies to clarify their interaction with the nervous system's cells.

Natural products provide a rich source of potential antimicrobials for treating infectious diseases for which drug resistance has emerged. Foremost among these diseases is tuberculosis. Assessment of the antimycobacterial activity of nargenicin, a natural product that targets the replicative DNA polymerase of

O artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa no campo da formação continuada de professores estruturada em uma perspectiva de colaboração numa parceria entre a universidade e a escola de educação básica. O objetivo é demonstrar que o processo formativo constituído de forma colaborativa tem possibilitado movimentos reflexivos importantes para a tomada de consciência e a promoção de mudanças na prática pedagógica. A formação configurou-se como um grupo de estudo que se reuniu durante dois anos, com adesão voluntária de professores, para discutir as demandas advindas do dia a dia da escola. Por meio de narrativas orais e escritas evidencia-se o movimento reflexivo diante das dúvidas, das dificuldades e dos desafios, que, ao serem socializados e discutidos, ganharam materialidade e potencializaram as mudanças. Os resultados apresentam um deslocamento do foco das discussões, que inicialmente evidenciavam as dificuldades dos alunos, para reflexões em torno do planejamento e elaboração das propostas.