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Neurocysticercosis is a common cause of neurological disease in developing countries and a major cause of epilepsy worldwide. A unique characteristic of human neurocysticercosis is that the living parasite is very well tolerated in human brain, so symptoms and clinical disease primarily result from death of the organism and accompanying inflammatory reaction in the human CNS. Among the diverse clinical manifestations of human neurocysticercosis, seizures are the most common, but other clinical problems occur, depending upon the localisation and viability of the parasite. Although both praziquantel and albendazole are effective agents, there is controversy about their role in several forms of the disease. Systematic reviews have pointed out the limited quality of available data on therapy. At a recent international conference convened to develop guidelines for treatment of this disease, areas of consensus and disagreement on the role of antiparasitic therapy were discussed. It was clear to all that cysticercosis cannot be regarded as a single disorder; treatment needs to be modified based on the location and number of cysticerci and the host response. There was a strong consensus that there is no role for antiparasitic drugs in patients with only calcified lesions. Studies suggest that patients with single enhancing lesions will do well regardless of antiparasitic therapy. Antiparasitic drugs are contraindicated in patients with cerebral oedema (cysticercal encephalitis). Most experts strongly recommend antiparasitic therapy in patients with multiple subarachnoid cysticerci or giant cysticerci. In patients with ventricular cysticerci, endoscopic removal is the preferred therapy. However, recent evidence suggests that placement of a ventricular shunt followed by antiparasitic therapy is an acceptable alternative. Standard treatment for localization-related epilepsy is effective for seizures caused by cysticercosis. In general, seizures are easily controlled in this illness. While many controversies regarding the treatment of patients with neurocysticercosis were not resolved at the international consensus conference, participants did conclude that controlled prospective studies are required to define optimal therapy for the infection and that treatment of infected individuals must be individualised.

our thousand years. Remarkably, the life cycle of the tapeworm was not understood until scarcely more than a century ago, and well into the 20th century the very clinical entity ofhuman cysticercosis was controversial, frankly disregarded by many prominent authorities. Even now, with praziquantel and albendazole, effective cysticidal drugs, there remain controversies about treatment. With only 25 years ofgradual success in immunologic investigations, laboratory diagnosis still has only limited utility, and in many parts ofthe world, the prevalence ofasymptomatic inf ection is unknown. For a disease affecting millions of patients in all continents except Antarctica (and possibly Australia) this is the first comprehensive reference monograph. As the editors and several contributors point out, in a world with ever-increasing immigration and international travel, the distribution and epidemiology will continue to be more prevalent and complicated. At various times, Osler said that to understand medicine one need only to know syphilis, tuberculosis, or typhoid. Taenia solium would probably be an even better subject. Although there is only one chapter exclusively devoted to history, throughout most ofthe chapters, especially the epidemiologic ones, the history ofthe disease and pertinent research is a constant and compelling subplot. Although this is a multi-authored definitive reference, it is in fact also a very interesting book to read. Particularly strong chapters deal with molecular determinants ofhost-parasite interactions, mitochondrial DNA ofthe organism, and five chapters dealing with immunology and spectroscopic studies. The epidemiology section has 10 chapters starting with an overview ofglobal distribution of T. solium cysticercosis, then specific chapters about Africa, Mexico, Central America, Brazil, Peru, Asia, the United States, and the disease in pigs. I suspect the 15 chapters about clinical aspects will attract more readers and periodic reference use. Although the past decade has seen more attention to cysticercosis than the previous century, there is no similar work that is as comprehensive or accessible. For public policy decisions, and planning off uture investigations, clearly the final section of the book, “TaeniasisCysticercosis−Therapy and Prevention,” is most important. This disease should be preventable, and should be eradicable. However, a chapter by Gonzalez on control ofporcine cysticercosis, which demonstrates several effective chemotherapeutic solutions to the infection, also explains the challenges involved. C. A. W. Evans’ chapter on human and porcine vaccination argues that eradication through vaccination is theoretically possible, and summarizes a number oftrials. Although he concludes the trials are promising, the efficacy of vaccines in both people and pigs have not yet demonstrated any effect on numbers of cysts in exposed persons or animals. This is a useful and authoritative reference, and it is easily read. It will be required for workers in tropical medicine, parasitic disease, and especially those who deal with tapeworm. I strongly recommend it for all students of preventive medicine, infectious disease, veterinary medicine, epidemiology, neurology, and history ofmedicine. The chapters are well organized, the editing maintains consistency ofstyle and focus, and the illustrations and graphs are well displayed and always appropriate.

Nineteen patients had coexistent carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and cervical radiculopathy (“double crush” syndrome), most commonly at C-6 or C-7. Four others had concurrent CTS and lesions of the brachial plexus. Because clinical features of the three syndromes may be so similar, when they coexisit o