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Additional file 1.

Additional file 5: Table S5. Quality assessment of included meta-analyses using AMSTAR 2, without considering item 2 (sensitivity analysis).

Additional file 6: Fig. S1 Funnel plots for the association between A) total grains, B) whole grain, C) refined grain, D) whole grain bread, E) whole grain breakfast cereals, F) rice, G) oat and incidence of stroke. Fig. S2 Funnel plots for the association between A) fruits and vegetables, B) fruits, C) vegetables, D) potato and incidence of stroke. Fig. S3 Funnel plots for the association between A) fish, B) fatty fish, C) lean fish and incidence of stroke. Fig. S4 Funnel plots for the association between A) meat, B) red meat, C) processed meat, D) processed red meat, E) fresh red meat, F) white meat (poultry) and incidence of stroke. Fig. S5 Funnel plots for the association between eggs and incidence of stroke. Fig. S6 Funnel plots for the association between A) legumes, B) soy, C) nut, D) peanuts, E) tree nuts, F) walnuts, G) peanut butter, H) nut plus peanut butter and incidence of stroke. Fig. S7 Funnel plots for the association between A) dairy products, B) milk, C) cheese, D) cream, E) butter, F) yogurt and incidence of stroke. Fig. S8 Funnel plots for the association between chocolate and incidence of stroke. Fig. S9 Funnel plots for the association between A) coffee, B) tea, C) sugar-sweetened beverages, D) artificially sweetened beverage and incidence of stroke. Fig. S10 Funnel plots for the association between A) protein, B) animal protein, C) plant protein and incidence of stroke. Fig. S11 Funnel plots for the association between A) saturated fat, B) MUFA, C) n-3 PUFA, D) cholesterol, E) α-linolenic acid and incidence of stroke. Fig. S12 Funnel plots for the association between carbohydrate and incidence of stroke. Fig. S13 Funnel plots for the association between A) total fiber, B) soluble dietary fiber, C) insoluble dietary fiber, D) cereal fiber, E) fruit fiber, F) vegetable fiber and incidence of stroke. Fig. S14 Funnel plots for the association between A) vitamin B6, B) vitamin B12, C) vitamin C, D) vitamin D, E) vitamin E, F) vitamin K, G) folate acid, H) β-carotene, I) lycopene, J) dietary choline and incidence of stroke. Fig. S15 Funnel plots for the association between A) magnesium, B) calcium, C) potassium, D) sodium and incidence of stroke. Fig. S16 Funnel plots for the association between A) flavonoid, B) anthocyanins and incidence of stroke.

Additional file 3: Table S3. Characteristics of included meta-analyses evaluating associations between food nutrients and stroke risk.

Additional file 4: Table S4. Quality assessment of included meta-analyses using AMSTAR 2.

Additional file 1: Table S1. List of excluded full-text articles.

Additional file 2: Table S2. Characteristics of included meta-analyses evaluating associations between food groups, foods as well as beverages and stroke risk.

The strain controlled low cycle fatigue properties of the studied gray cast iron for engine cylinder blocks were investigated. At the same total strain amplitude, the low cycle fatigue life of the studied material at 523 K was higher than that at 423 K. The fatigue behavior of the studied material was characterized as cyclic softening at any given total strain amplitude (0.12%–0.24%), which was attributed to fatigue crack initiation and propagation. Moreover, this material exhibited asymmetric hysteresis loops due to the presence of the graphite lamellas. Transmission electron microscopy analysis suggested that cyclic softening was also caused by the interactions of dislocations at 423 K, such as cell structure in ferrite, whereas cyclic softening was related to subgrain boundaries and dislocation climbing at 523 K. Micro-analysis of specimen fracture appearance was conducted in order to obtain the fracture characteristics and crack paths for different strain amplitudes. It showed that the higher the temperature, the rougher the crack face of the examined gray cast iron at the same total strain amplitude. Additionally, the microcracks were readily blunted during growth inside the pearlite matrix at 423 K, whereas the microcracks could easily pass through pearlite matrix along with deflection at 523 K. The results of fatigue experiments consistently showed that fatigue damage for the studied material at 423 K was lower than that at 523 K under any given total strain amplitude.

The strain-controlled low cycle fatigue properties were evaluated on specimens of HT250 gray cast iron (GCI) at room temperature. The material exhibited cyclic stabilization at a low strain amplitude of 0.1% and cyclic softening characteristic at higher strain amplitudes (0.15-0.30%). At a representative total strain amplitude (0.30%), the hysteresis loops of HT250 GCI were asymmetric with a large amount of plastic deformation in the compressive phases. Furthermore, the hysteresis loop became larger in both width and height with increasing total strain amplitude (from 0.10 to 0.30%), and tended to exhibit a clockwise rotation. The fatigue crack propagation mechanisms were different at various total strain amplitudes, where high stress concentration due to dislocation pile-up favored fatigue crack initiation in the examined HT250. Finally, the roughness-induced crack closure was a key to determine the crack growth rate as well as fatigue life.

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Traditional Chinese medicine Shuangwu Zhentong Capsule (SZC) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and the possible mechanisms. Sixty rats were randomly divided into control and model: low-, medium-, and high-dose SZC and prednisone acetate (PA) groups, with 10 rats in each group. The CIA model was established in later 5 groups. The rats in low-, medium-, and high-dose SZC groups were intragastricallly administered with SZC, with dose of 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg, respectively. The PA group was intragastricallly administered with 5 mg/kg PA. The treatment was performed for 3 weeks. Before treatment and after treatment, the paw swelling degree and polyarthritis index score of rats were measured. At the end of experiment, the serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined. The expressions of Ras and Raf-1 protein in synovial tissue were detected. Results showed that, after treatment, compared with model group, in high-dose SZC and PA groups, the paw swelling degree, polyarthritis index score, serum TNF-α, IL-1β and NO levels, and synovial tissue Ras and Raf-1 protein levels were significantly decreased, respectively ( P