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In this paper, event-triggered output feedback control of a class of high-order nonlinear strict-feedback systems with parametric uncertainties is investigated, in which both of the controller and the parameter estimator are triggered based on a set of event-triggered conditions. Firstly a new one-step control design framework is proposed for the strict-feedback nonlinear systems, therefore both expressions of the controller and the parameter estimate laws are much more simple than those of the recursive design approaches such as backstepping control. Secondly observers are designed to estimate the unknown states, and a set of event-triggering mechanism is proposed for the sensors such that the states are transmitted through the communication network only at the triggering points. The estimated parameter is obtained without real-time integration due to the event-triggered estimator. It is proved that our proposed control law guarantees the closed-loop system is globally bounded and the system output converges to zero asymptotically. It is also proved that the Zeno behavior is excluded. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, people have paid more and more attention to the health hazards caused by O3 exposure, which will become a major problem after fine particulate matter (PM). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of ozone (O3) exposure on blood glucose levels in rats under different concentrations and times. METHODS: Eighty rats were divided into control group and three ozone concentration groups. Each group was continuously exposed for 1d, 3d and, 6d, and exposed for 6 hours daily. After exposure, GTT, FBG, and random blood glucose were measured. RESULTS: The FBG value increased significantly on the 6th day of 0.5 ppm and the 3rd and 6th days of 1.0 ppm exposure compared with the control group (P< 0.05). The random blood glucose value was significantly increased on the 3rd and 6th days of each exposure concentration (P< 0.05). When exposed to 1 ppm concentration, the 120 min GTT value of 1 d, 3 d and, 6 d was significantly higher than that of the control group (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: After acute O3 exposure, the blood glucose level of rats was affected by the exposure concentration and time. The concentration of 0.1 ppm had no significant impact on FBG and random blood glucose, and O3 with a concentration of 0.1 ppm and 0.5 ppm had no significant impact on values of GTT at 90 min, and 120 min.

The alkali lignin-based poly(tetraethylene pentamine-pyrogallol) (AL-PTAP) was prepared with an adsorption capacity of 769.2 mg g−1 and a removal percentage of almost 100% within 1 min at an initial concentration of less than 90 mg L−1.

In recent years, the synthesis of inorganic materials with different particle sizes and the structure–activity relationship of inorganic materials have been hot research topics in the materials chemistry field.

Nowadays, lithium-ion batteries are required to have a higher energy density and safety because of their wide applications. Current commercial separators have poor wettability and thermal stability, which significantly impact the performance and safety of batteries. In this study, a class of boehmite particles with different grain sizes was synthesized by adjusting hydrothermal temperatures and used to fabricate boehmite/polyacrylonitrile (BM/PAN) membranes. All of these BM/PAN membranes can not only maintain excellent thermal dimensional stability above 200 °C but also have good electrolyte wettability and high porosity. More interestingly, the BM/PAN membranes' thermal shutdown temperature can be adjusted by changing the grain size of boehmite particles. The lithium-ion batteries assembled with BM/PAN separators exhibit different thermal stability phenomena at 150 °C and have excellent rate performance and cycle stability at room temperature. After 120 cycles at 1C, the LiFePO

In this article, the adaptive neural backstepping control approaches are designed for uncertain stochastic nonlinear systems with full-state constraints. According to the symmetry of constraint boundary, two cases of controlled systems subject to symmetric and asymmetric constraints are studied, respectively. Then, corresponding adaptive neural controllers are developed by virtue of backstepping design procedure and the learning ability of radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). It is worth mentioning that the integral Barrier Lyapunov function (IBLF), as an effective tool, is first applied to solve the above constraint problems. As a result, the state constraints are avoided from being transformed into error constraints via the proposed schemes. In addition, based on Lyapunov stability analysis, it is demonstrated that the errors can converge to a small neighborhood of zero, the full states do not exceed the given constraint bounds, and all signals in the closed-loop systems are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) in probability. Finally, the numerical simulation results are provided to exhibit the effectiveness of the proposed control approaches.

The comorbidity of psychiatric disorders and Internet addiction (IA) has been widely documented. However, changes and instability of the comorbidity between negative emotional symptoms and IA over time are not fully understood.A sample of 453 first-year senior high school students completed all measures three times across one-year period and were included in the current study. The sample consisted of 163 (36.0%) males and 290 (64.0%) females. At the baseline, the mean age of the participants was 15.07 ± 0.46 (range: 12-16) years old. Latent class analysis was used to identify the latent class pattern. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was utilized to examine the association between covariates and latent classes at baseline. Latent transition analysis was applied to explore the changes in latent classes of individuals over time.Three subgroups of negative emotional symptoms, IA and their comorbidity were identified at all the three time points. Being Internet gamers, high average time of Internet use every day, peer exclusion, verbal and physical bullying experience, and poor self-rated health were found to be significant predictors of the high comorbidity symptom. Students were more likely to remain the same class rather than moving between the latent classes across time.A better understanding of change characteristics in latent classes across time contributes to confirm an appropriate time for intervention targeted on students who converted from low symptom class to the high class.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the predictive and diagnostic value of the risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA) index for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) recurrence. Materials & methods: The clinical features and follow-up data of 159 EOC cases were studied. The ROMA index was calculated by serum CA125 and HE4 levels with menopausal status. Recurrence-free survival was evaluated for an end point. Results: The ROMA was strongly associated with clinical characteristics. The ROMA index above the cutoff value (34.71%) was significantly associated with recurrence-free survival. The ROMA index had a significantly higher sensitivity (90.59%) than CA125 (84.71%) and HE4 (80.80%) for recurrence diagnosis, and its optimal cutoff value was 17.07%. Conclusion: The primary ROMA index is a predictive factor in EOC recurrence and has better performance in the diagnosis of EOC recurrence.

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are the greatest source of death in trauma, and post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is one of the common complications of TBI. Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses play an important role in the process of PTE. Many studies have shown that Jujuboside A has powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, it is not known whether Jujuboside A has an anti-epileptic effect. The influences of Jujuboside A in the experimental FeCl3-induced model of PTE were tested by estimating the grade of seizures and performing behavioral tests. Following that, we detected oxidative stress indicators and inflammatory factors. Additionally, western blotting was used to test the protein levels of signaling molecules in MAPK pathways. In this study, Jujuboside A was found to have improved the recognition deficiency and epilepsy syndromes in the experimental rat model. Moreover, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses induced by FeCl3 injection were relieved by Jujuboside A. In addition, Jujuboside A was found to be capable of reducing the increased expression of p-P38 and p-ERK1/2 caused by iron ions. Collectively, our results demonstrated that Jujuboside A exhibits an antiepileptogenic effect by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses via the p38 and ERK1/2 pathways.

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a kind of typical life-threatening extracranial tumor in children. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is closely related to multiple cancer pathological processes. Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) is a top-ranked prognostic risk gene in NB; however, its function is uncertain. The expression of m6A-associated enzymes in patients with NB was analyzed using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) database. The IGF2BP3 level in NB cell lines and primary samples was tested using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot method, and immunohistochemical analysis. The IGF2BP3 function in cell proliferation was clarified based on many functional in vitro and in vivo experiments. The interaction between IGF2BP3 and N-myc was researched via RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), m6A RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP), and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. The 16 m6A-regulated enzymes in NB were researched, and the result indicated that IGF2BP3 overexpression was related to cancer progression, COG risk, and survival based on the GEO and TARGET databases. Besides, the IGF2BP3 and MYCN levels were positively correlated. IGF2BP3 expression levels increased in MYCN-amplified NB clinical samples and cells. Knockdown of IGF2BP3 inhibited N-myc expression and NB cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. IGF2BP3 regulates MYCN RNA stability by modifying m6A. In addition, we demonstrated that N-myc is a transcription factor that directly promotes IGF2BP3 expression in NB cells. IGF2BP3 regulates the proliferation of NB cells via m6A modification of MYCN. N-myc also acts as a transcription factor that regulates IGF2BP3 expression. A positive feedback loop between IGF2BP3 and N-myc facilitates NB cell proliferation.

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide and has claimed tens of thousands of lives. The causes are divided into two main areas: congenital genetic factors and acquired environmental factors. Congenital factors include genetic mutations and epigenetic events; acquired factors include birth patterns, feeding patterns, dietary patterns, childhood experiences, education and economic levels, isolation due to epidemics, and many other complex factors. According to studies, these factors play important roles in depression. Therefore, here, we analyze and study the factors from two aspects, describe their influence on individual depression, and analyze their underlying mechanisms. The results showed that both innate and acquired factors have significant effects on the occurrence of depressive disorder, and these findings may provide new ideas and methods for the study of depressive disorder, thus facilitating the process of depression prevention and treatment.

The availability of empirical data that capture the structure and behavior of complex networked systems has been greatly increased in recent years, however a versatile computational toolbox for unveiling a complex system's nodal and interaction dynamics from data remains elusive. Here we develop a two-phase approach for autonomous inference of complex network dynamics, and its effectiveness is demonstrated by the tests of inferring neuronal, genetic, social, and coupled oscillators dynamics on various synthetic and real networks. Importantly, the approach is robust to incompleteness and noises, including low resolution, observational and dynamical noises, missing and spurious links, and dynamical heterogeneity. We apply the two-phase approach to inferring the early spreading dynamics of H1N1 flu upon the worldwide airline network, and the inferred dynamical equation can also capture the spread of SARS and COVID-19 diseases. These findings together offer an avenue to discover the hidden microscopic mechanisms of a broad array of real networked systems.

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a lifesaving therapy for patients with intestinal failure. Hepatic steatosis is a potentially fatal complication of long-term PN, but the involved pathological mechanisms are incompletely unclarified. Herein, we identify the role of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in the pathogenesis of parenteral nutrition-associated hepatic steatosis (PNAHS).Proteomic/phosphoproteomic analyses of liver samples from patients with PNAHS were applied to identify the mechanism of PNAHS. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) mice model, in vivo, and in vitro experiments were used to assess the effect of PP2A-Cα on liver fatty acid metabolism.Reduced expression of PP2A-Cα (catalytic subunit) enhanced activation of serine/threonine kinase Akt2 and decreased activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were associated with hepatic steatosis in patients with PNAHS. Mice given PN for 14 days developed hepatic steatosis, down-regulation of PP2A-Cα, activation of Akt2, and inhibition of AMPK. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of PP2A-Cα in mice given PN exacerbated Akt2 activation, AMPK inhibition, and hepatic steatosis through an effect on fatty acid degradation, whereas hepatocyte-specific PP2A-Cα overexpression significantly ameliorated hepatic steatosis accompanied with Akt2 suppression and AMPK activation. Additionally, pharmacological activation of Akt2 in mice overexpressing PP2A-Cα led to the aggravation of hepatic steatosis.Our findings demonstrate that hepatic PP2A-Cα serves as a protective factor of PNAHS due to ameliorating hepatic steatosis and improving liver function. Our study provides a strong rationale that PP2A-Cα may be involved in the pathogenesis of PNAHS.

On December 16, 2020, the FDA granted regular approval to margetuximab-cmkb (MARGENZA), in combination with chemotherapy, for the treatment of adult patients with HER2-positive (HER2+) metastatic breast cancer who have received two or more prior anti-HER2 regimens, at least one of which was for metastatic disease. Approval was based on data from SOPHIA, a multicenter, randomized, open-label, active controlled study comparing margetuximab with trastuzumab, in combination with chemotherapy. The primary efficacy endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) by blinded independent central review. SOPHIA demonstrated a 0.9-month difference in median PFS between the two treatment arms [5.8 vs. 4.9 months, respectively; stratified HR, 0.76 (95% confidence interval: 0.59–0.98; P = 0.0334)]. Overall survival (OS) was immature at the data cut-off date of September 10, 2019. Infusion-related reactions (IRR) are an important safety signal associated with margetuximab plus chemotherapy. In SOPHIA, 13% of patients treated with margetuximab plus chemotherapy reported IRRs, of which 1.5% were grade 3. The most commonly reported adverse drug reactions (>10%) with margetuximab in combination with chemotherapy were fatigue/asthenia, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, headache, pyrexia, alopecia, abdominal pain, peripheral neuropathy, arthralgia/myalgia, cough, decreased appetite, dyspnea, IRR, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, and extremity pain. Overall, the favorable risk-benefit profile for margetuximab when added to chemotherapy supported its approval for the intended indication.

Purpose: The aim of the study is to determine the levels and related factors of colorectal cancer patients about stoma acceptance. Methods: This descriptive study enrolled 136 colorectal cancer outpatients follow-up at several hospitals in Shandong province. Stoma acceptance was assessed with Chinese version stoma acceptance questionnaire(SAQ). The association of stoma acceptance and colorectal cancer patients characteristics was assessed by logistic regression. Results: The total average stoma acceptance of 136 patients in this study was(37.03±4.87). General self-efficacy was(27.96±5.28). General self-efficacy was positively associated with stoma acceptance(r=0.529，PConclusions: The stoma acceptance in colorectal cancer patients in grade 3 hospitals is at a medium level in China. Medical staff should pay attention to it, and improve caregiver’ supports, increase medical follow-up,meet the need for social communication. Strengthen the intervention of patients’ self-efficacy to intervene, so as to improve the stoma acceptance and improve the quality of life.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of belimumab for treating children with refractory childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE).MethodsTwenty-six cSLE patients who received belimumab treatment in our hospital from January 2020 to September 2021 (23 of them for more than 52 weeks) were enrolled in this study. Their clinical and laboratory data, assessment of disease activity, glucocorticoid dosage, and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were retrieved for analysis. The paired samples t-test and the nonparametric test were used to compare the baseline and post-treatment data.ResultsThe mean age of onset was 10.3 ± 2.4 years old; the mean disease duration was 41.6 ± 37.4 months; the median Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) score was 10 (P25, P75: 3, 17); and the mean Physician’s Global Assessment (PGA) score at baseline was 1.9 ± 1.0. Compared with the baseline values, there was a significant decrease in the 24-h urine protein quantifications at 24 and 52 weeks of treatment (P+ B cells were significantly decreased at 12, 24, and 52 weeks of treatment compared with the baseline values (PPConclusionsBelimumab treatment can significantly improve laboratory indicators, reduce disease activity, and decrease the dosage of glucocorticoid required in children with cSLE. Moreover, it has a good safety profile.

Alopecia areata (AA), which is a common and inflammatory hair loss and one of the most frequent dermatological conditions with higher incidence worldwide, the complex interplay involved multiple factors was contributed to the pathogenesis that consists of immune privilege losing and destruction with autoimmune-mediated in hair follicle also the abnormal regulation of inflammatory pathways was highlighted, although it was remained unclear to date.(J Am Acad Dermatol, 78, 2018, 1) Some treatment options for AA were proposed with great advances in recent years, but the options and efficacy were limited, such as platelet-rich plasma, JAK-STAT inhibitor, PDE4 inhibitor, and others, also the good response with regrow hair of cytokine-targeted therapy like dupilumab, ustekinumab was shown.(Clin Exp Med, 21, 2021, 215; Drugs, 80, 2020, 635) Here, we present a case with onset of AA following dupilumab treatment, the chronological relationship between the AA onset and dupilumab use should be known and emphasized.

This study aimed to explore the latent profiles across perceived parental marital conflict and family cohesion, as well as the transition patterns within-person and within-sample profiles over time. We conducted a 1-year follow-up study with a sample of first-year high school students from China. A total of 453 participants were included in the present analysis. We identified the following three latent profiles: high parental conflict and poor family cohesion profile, moderate parental conflict and family cohesion profile, and low parental conflict and good family cohesion profile. Female students and those who not lived with parents together were more likely to perceive more parental marital conflict and less cohesion in the family. The majority of students with high transition probability remained in the same profiles over time. The counts of latent transition pattern also demonstrated that students remaining in the primary profile over time accounted for the large proportion. The present study advances empirical bases for confirming the family system theory’s notion that the family is not static, but dynamic. Findings provide the optimal timing of interventions toward healthy transition.

BACKGROUND Accumulating research provides evidence that the psychological health of older people deteriorated from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic. Unlike robust individuals, coexisting frailty and multimorbidity expose older adults to more complicated and wide-ranging stressors. Community-level social support (CSS) is also an important impetus for age-friendly interventions, and it is 1 of the components of social capital that is seen as an ecological-level property. To date, we have not found research that examines whether CSS buffered the adverse impacts of combined frailty and multimorbidity on psychological distress in a rural setting during COVID-19 in China. OBJECTIVE This study explores the combined effect of frailty and multimorbidity on psychological distress in rural Chinese older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and examines whether CSS would buffer the aforementioned association. METHODS Data used in this study were extracted from 2 waves of the Shandong Rural Elderly Health Cohort (SREHC), and the final analytic sample included 2785 respondents who participated in both baseline and follow-up surveys. Multilevel linear mixed effects models were used to quantify the strength of the longitudinal association between frailty and multimorbidity combinations and psychological distress using 2 waves of data for each participant, and then, cross-level interactions between CSS and combined frailty and multimorbidity were included to test whether CSS would buffer the adverse impact of coexisting frailty and multimorbidity on psychological distress. RESULTS Frail older adults with multimorbidity reported the most psychological distress compared to individuals with only 1 or none of the conditions (β=.68, 95% CI 0.60-0.77, PPPP=.035). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that more public health and clinical attention should be paid to psychological distress among multimorbid older adults with frailty when facing public health emergencies. This research also suggests that community-level interventions prioritizing social support mechanisms, specifically improving the average levels of social support within communities, may be an effective approach to alleviate psychological distress for rural older adults who concurrently manifest frailty and multimorbidity.

Autophagy is a reparative life-sustaining process. Dysfunctions of autophagy play an important role in the progression of chronic liver diseases. The role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is still controversial. This study aimed to analyse the roles and molecular mechanisms of autophagy in NAFLD. In hepatic L02 and liver cancer cells (HuH-7), nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) cell model was induced by free fatty acids (FFA). The cytotoxic effect was measured by MTS assay. Lipid droplets were detected by immunofluorescence assay and flow cytometry. The autophagy-related genes were measured by Western blot analysis. The autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was used to block the autophagy. FFA induced a significant increase in the intracellular content of lipid droplets, and the accumulation of fatty droplets was dose-dependent in L02 and HuH-7 cells. FFA (800 lM) had no cytotoxic effect on L02 and HuH-7 cells. The levels of LC3-II/LC3-I and BECN1 were increased, but the level of p62 was decreased in the NAFL cell models. The expression of these genes was dose-dependent in the NAFL cell models. Intracellular lipid accumulation was associated with the upregulation of LC3-II/LC3-I and BECN1 and the deregulation of p62 in the NAFL cell models. The autophagy inhibitor 3-MA suppressed the FFA-induced autophagy in the NAFL cell models. Furthermore, 3-MA treatment significantly alleviated the accumulation of lipid droplets in L02 and HuH-7 cells. Our results suggest that autophagy has a significant effect on lipid accumulation in the NAFL cell models. Inhibition of autophagy impairs FFA-induced excessive lipid accumulation in hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic cells.